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Novaes DR, Sujii PS, Rodrigues CA, Silva KMNB, Machado AFP, Inoue-Nagata AK, Nakasu EYT, Togni PHB. Natural habitat connectivity and organic management modulate pest dispersal, gene flow, and natural enemy communities. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2938. [PMID: 38071736 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The simplification and fragmentation of agricultural landscapes generate effects on insects at multiple spatial scales. As each functional group perceives and uses the habitat differently, the response of pest insects and their associated natural enemies to environmental changes varies. Therefore, landscape structure may have consequences on gene flow among pest populations in space. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of local and landscape factors, at multiple scales, on the local infestation, gene flow and broad dispersion dynamics of the pest insect Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM-1, former biotype B) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its associated natural enemies in a tropical agroecosystem. We evaluated the abundance of B. tabaci populations and their natural enemy community in 20 tomato farms in Brazil and the gene flow between farms from 2019 to 2021. Landscapes dominated by agriculture resulted in larger B. tabaci populations and higher gene flow, especially in conventional farms. A higher density of native vegetation patches disfavored pest populations, regardless of the management system. The results revealed that whitefly responds to intermediate spatial scales and that landscape factors interact with management systems to modulate whitefly populations on focal farms. Conversely, whitefly natural enemies benefited from higher amounts of natural vegetation at small spatial scales, while the connectivity between natural habitat patches was beneficial for natural enemies regardless of the distance from the focal farm. The resulting dispersion model predicts that the movement of whiteflies between farms increases as the amount of natural vegetation decreases. Our findings demonstrate that landscape features, notably landscape configuration, can mediate infestation episodes, as they affect pest insects and natural enemies in opposite ways. We also showed that landscape features interact with farm traits, which highlights the need for management strategies at multiple spatial scales. In conclusion, we demonstrated the importance of the conservation of natural areas as a key strategy for area-wide ecological pest management and the relevance of organic farming to benefit natural enemy communities in tropical agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle R Novaes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Patricia S Sujii
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
- Centro de Ensino Unificado do Distrito Federal, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Camila A Rodrigues
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Goiânia, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Karen M N B Silva
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Amanda F P Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alice K Inoue-Nagata
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Erich Y T Nakasu
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Hortaliças, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Pedro H B Togni
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
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Freitas PVDX, Faquinello P, Arnhold E, Ferro DAC, Ferro RAC, Lacerda MLG, Leite PRSC, Silva Neto CM. Flight radius and climatic conditions affect the external activity of stingless bee Melipona rufiventris (Lepeletier, 1836). BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e275645. [PMID: 38126636 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.275645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to verify the flight radius and the influence of the climatic season and period of the day on the external activity of Melipona rufiventris bees. The forager bees were released at different distances to evaluate the flight radius. The following were considered for external activities in the four different seasons of the year (Winter, Autumn, Spring, Summer): the entry with no apparent load was considered as nectar/water, entry with defined and opaque mass in the corbicula was considered as pollen, the entry with undefined and shiny mass in the corbicula was considered as resin/clay or bee exit no load and removal of debris, mass trapped by the jaws. Assessments were performed between 6 am and 6 pm each month. M. rufiventris can reach distances of 2 500 meters, however the return decreases as the distance increases. The species performs all activities in and out of the colony during all seasons of the year and periods between 6 am and 6 pm but reduce nectar/water collection and exit from the box without apparent load and with debris between 6:00 am and 10 am in winter. It is concluded that distances greater than 1 500 meters hinder the external activity of bees which is influenced by air temperature, air humidity, time of day, season of the year and food availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V D X Freitas
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás - UEG, São Luís de Montes Belos, GO, Brasil
| | - P Faquinello
- Instituto Federal Goiano - IFGoiano, Ceres, GO, Brasil
| | - E Arnhold
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - D A C Ferro
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás - UEG, São Luís de Montes Belos, GO, Brasil
| | - R A C Ferro
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás - UEG, São Luís de Montes Belos, GO, Brasil
| | - M L G Lacerda
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás - UEG, São Luís de Montes Belos, GO, Brasil
| | - P R S C Leite
- Instituto Federal Goiano - IFGoiano, Ceres, GO, Brasil
| | - C M Silva Neto
- Centro de Referência em Pesquisa e Inovação, Instituto Federal de Goiás - IFG, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
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Esquivel MJ, Vilchez-Mendoza S, Harvey CA, Ospina MA, Somarriba E, Deheuvels O, de M Virginio Filho E, Haggar J, Detlefsen G, Cerdan C, Casanoves F, Ordoñez JC. Patterns of shade plant diversity in four agroforestry systems across Central America: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8538. [PMID: 37237175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Agroforestry systems can potentially increase tree diversity within agricultural landscapes, but to date, there is little understanding of the patterns of shade plant diversity within different agroforestry systems (AFS) at large spatial scales. Using compiled plant inventory data (from 23 sources, 2517 plots, and 148,255 individuals) encompassing four AFS (shaded coffee; shaded cocoa; dispersed trees on pastures; and live fences) across six countries in Central America we estimated different metrics of diversity to assess the conservation value of different AFS for shade plants. 458 shade plant species were recorded across the four agroforestry systems. Primary forest species accounted for 28% of the shade species recorded, but only 6% of the recorded individuals. No single AFS was consistently the most diverse across countries when considering rarefied species richness. Trees on pastures can potentially reach a similar species richness as cocoa and coffee systems but require sampled areas 7-30 times larger. In terms of composition, 29 species were shared across the agroforestry systems in different countries, illustrating the strong selection pressure of farmers for species that provide timber, firewood, and fruit. Our study highlights the potential contribution and limitations of different AFS for tree diversity conservation within agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jimena Esquivel
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza), 30501, Turrialba, Costa Rica
- Animal Production System Group (APS), Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, 6708 WD, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Environmental Biology, Leiden University, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria - CIPAV, Cra 25 # 6-62, Cali, Colombia
| | - Sergio Vilchez-Mendoza
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza), 30501, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Celia A Harvey
- Monteverde Institute, Apdo.69-5655, Monteverde, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
| | - Mayra A Ospina
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza), 30501, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo Somarriba
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza), 30501, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Olivier Deheuvels
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, Univ Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34398, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UMR ABSys, 10126, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
| | | | - Jeremy Haggar
- Natural Resources Institute, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Central Avenue Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Guillermo Detlefsen
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza), 30501, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos Cerdan
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana,, Lomas del Estadio S/N, Col. Zona Universitaria, C.P. 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Fernando Casanoves
- CATIE (Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza), 30501, Turrialba, Costa Rica
- Grupo de Investigación en Agroecosistemas y Conservación en Bosques Amazónicos (GAIA), Universidad de La Amazonia, Florencia, Colombia
| | - Jenny C Ordoñez
- Universidad de Las Américas, Carrera de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Udlapark, Quito, Ecuador.
- Word Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)-Latin America. DID, CATIE 7170, Turrialba, 30501, Costa Rica.
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Shome A, Phartyal SS, Maharana P, Verma A. Mapping Peer-Reviewed Scientific Studies on Plant Trait–Service Linkages Across Ecosystems: A Bibliometric Analysis. ANTHROPOCENE SCIENCE 2023. [PMCID: PMC10040918 DOI: 10.1007/s44177-023-00048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The concept of ‘ecosystem service’ has gained momentum in the twenty-first century to bridge the gap between human–nature interactions. However, the challenge remains to map the flow of ecosystem services (ES) for their efficient management. Among the multiple existing methods, biophysical assessments provide better knowledge of the state of the ecosystem and its mapping for complimentary services. Trait–service linkage is one of the tools to reliably link biodiversity with ES if we better understand the role functional traits play in the underlying ecosystem processes. In this paper, we have performed a bibliometric analysis of published literature on ES and plant functional traits to identify the current state of knowledge on trait–service linkage, biases, research gaps, and challenges. There was a skewed geographical basis for trait–service linkage studies; most studies were conducted in Europe and North America. The majority of the research focused on supporting and regulating ES, mainly carbon sequestration, biomass production, and climate regulation, using a particular set of vegetative traits, such as leaf, root, and plant height, and ignored most regeneration traits, except for a few flower traits. A matrix to quantify the association between ES and selected plant traits (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, vegetation height, wood density, canopy density, root length, root density, flowering time, flower color and flower size) revealed that the two leaf traits (specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content) in the linkage have contrasting associations with multiple ES. The study illustrated that there is still a considerable research gap in linking plant traits with essential ES (biomass production, climate and water regulation). Thus, suggest future studies on ES should focus more on trait–service linkage across major ecosystems to underpin key ecosystem processes for better sustenance of ES and human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkajyoti Shome
- grid.449235.d0000 0004 4666 016XSchool of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, India
| | - Shyam S. Phartyal
- grid.449235.d0000 0004 4666 016XSchool of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, India
| | - Pyarimohan Maharana
- grid.449235.d0000 0004 4666 016XSchool of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, India
| | - Anurag Verma
- grid.449235.d0000 0004 4666 016XSchool of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, India
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Silveira dos Santos J, Silva‐Neto CM, Castro Silva T, Nascimento Siqueira K, Ribeiro MC, Garcia Collevatti R. Landscape structure and local variables affect plant community diversity and structure in a Brazilian agricultural landscape. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Silveira dos Santos
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, GO Brazil
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC), Department of Biodiversity São Paulo State University, UNESP Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista Rio Claro SP 13506‐752 Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Castro Silva
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado Universidade Estadual de Goiás Anápolis, GO Brazil
| | | | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC), Department of Biodiversity São Paulo State University, UNESP Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista Rio Claro SP 13506‐752 Brazil
| | - Rosane Garcia Collevatti
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, GO Brazil
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Agroecological Strategies to Safeguard Insect Pollinators in Biodiversity Hotspots: Chile as a Case Study. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13126728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Industrial agriculture (IA) has been recognized among the main drivers of biodiversity loss, climate change, and native pollinator decline. Here we summarize the known negative effects of IA on pollinator biodiversity and illustrate these problems by considering the case of Chile, a “world biodiversity hotspot” (WBH) where food exports account for a considerable share of the economy in this country. Most of Chile’s WBH area is currently being replaced by IA at a fast pace, threatening local biodiversity. We present an agroecological strategy for sustainable food production and pollinator conservation in food-producing WBHs. In this we recognize native pollinators as internal inputs that cannot be replaced by IA technological packages and support the development of agroecological and biodiversity restorative practices to protect biodiversity. We suggest four fundamental pillars for food production change based on: (1) sharing the land, restoring and protecting; (2) ecological intensification; (3) localized knowledge, research, and technological development; and (4) territorial planning and implementation of socio-agroecological policies. This approach does not need modification of native pollination services that sustain the world with food and basic subsistence goods, but a paradigm change where the interdependency of nature and human wellbeing must be recognized for ensuring the world’s food security and sovereignty.
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Plant Diversity in the Dynamic Mosaic Landscape of an Agricultural Heritage System: The Minabe-Tanabe Ume System. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10060559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Minabe-Tanabe Ume System in central Japan is defined as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS) by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. This study examined relationships between parcel-level plant diversity and land use, management, and development in traditional sloped Ume (Japanese apricot; Prunus mume) orchards and adjoining level orchards recently developed through large-scale cut-fill land development. We constructed and overlaid past (1974) and present (2015) digital land-use maps to assess land use and topography. We conducted field vegetation surveys in land parcels with different development and management histories. Although 249 ha (4.6% of the total 2015 area) were developed using cut-fill methods, 5148 ha remain a traditional orchard surrounded by coppice forests. Vegetation surveys and a two-way indicator species analysis revealed that traditional orchards had more native species and a higher plant diversity index. Cut-fill orchards contained a higher proportion of alien species; however, the degree depended on parcel history and management. Overall, this area remains a dynamic mosaic landscape containing a core of long-standing Ume orchards. We suggest that biodiversity conservation in this area should focus on conservation measures such as indirect land-use regulations, including some acceptable landform transformations, to promote continued farming of this ecologically important area.
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do Amaral TS, Dos Santos JS, Rosa FF, Pessôa MB, Chaves LJ, Ribeiro MC, Collevatti RG. Agricultural Landscape Heterogeneity Matter: Responses of Neutral Genetic Diversity and Adaptive Traits in a Neotropical Savanna Tree. Front Genet 2021; 11:606222. [PMID: 33613620 PMCID: PMC7890196 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.606222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are one of the most vulnerable groups to fragmentation and habitat loss, that may affect community richness, abundance, functional traits, and genetic diversity. Here, we address the effects of landscape features on adaptive quantitative traits and evolutionary potential, and on neutral genetic diversity in populations of the Neotropical savanna tree Caryocar brasiliense. We sampled adults and juveniles in 10 savanna remnants within five landscapes. To obtain neutral genetic variation, we genotyped all individuals from each site using nine microsatellite loci. For adaptive traits we measured seed size and mass and grown seeds in nursery in completely randomized experimental design. We obtained mean, additive genetic variance (Va) and coefficient of variation (CVa%), which measures evolvability, for 17 traits in seedlings. We found that landscapes with higher compositional heterogeneity (SHDI) had lower evolutionary potential (CVa%) in leaf length (LL) and lower aboveground dry mass (ADM) genetic differentiation (QST). We also found that landscapes with higher SHDI had higher genetic diversity (He) and allelic richness (AR) in adults, and lower genetic differentiation (FST). In juveniles, SHDI was also positively related to AR. These results are most likely due to longer dispersal distance of pollen in landscapes with lower density of flowering individuals. Agricultural landscapes with low quality mosaic may be more stressful for plant species, due to the lower habitat cover (%), higher cover of monocropping (%) and other land covers, and edge effects. However, in landscapes with higher SHDI with high quality mosaic, forest nearby savanna habitat and the other environments may facilitate the movement or provide additional habitat and resources for seed disperses and pollinators, increasing gene flow and genetic diversity. Finally, despite the very recent agriculture expansion in Central Brazil, we found no time lag in response to habitat loss, because both adults and juveniles were affected by landscape changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Souza do Amaral
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silveira Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fraga Rosa
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bruno Pessôa
- Laboratório de Metacomunidades e Paisagem, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Lázaro José Chaves
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC), Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Rosane Garcia Collevatti
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
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