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Mosli RH. Sibship Composition and BMI Z-Score Among Saudi Preschoolers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e56485. [PMID: 38638783 PMCID: PMC11026033 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The association between sibship composition and child body mass index (BMI) has not been investigated in any Arab/Middle Eastern populations. In light of this, this study aimed to examine the association of the number of siblings, number of older siblings, and number of younger siblings with child BMI z-score (BMIz) among preschoolers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods A total of 209 mothers and their children were recruited from preschools in Jeddah, KSA. Mothers reported their responses to the study questionnaire via telephone. Child anthropometry was objectively measured; BMIz was calculated based on age- and sex-specific World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards and reference data. We used hierarchical multiple linear regression to examine the association between sibship composition variables and child BMIz, independent of the effect of potential confounders, and to evaluate changes in model fit. Results The number of siblings was negatively associated with child BMIz [b = -0.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.35, -0.06, p<0.01, adjusted R2 = 0.16]. There was a negative association between the number of older siblings and child BMIz (b = -0.23, 95% CI = -0.38, -0.11, p<0.01, adjusted R2 = 0.21) as well as between the number of older sisters and child BMIz (b = -0.18, 95% CI = -0.52, -0.09, p<0.01, adjusted R2 = 0.19). However, there were no significant associations between the number of older brothers or the number of younger siblings and child BMIz. Conclusions Based on our findings, sibship composition was found to be associated with BMIz among a sample of preschoolers in KSA. More research is needed to further establish this association and to understand the underlying mechanism of the association of the greater number of older siblings and older sisters with lower BMIz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana H Mosli
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Taghizadeh S, Hashemi MG, Zarnag RK, Fayyazishishavan E, Gholami M, Farhangi MA, Gojani LJ. Barriers and facilitators of childhood obesity prevention policies: A systematic review and meta-synthesis. Front Pediatr 2023; 10:1054133. [PMID: 36714652 PMCID: PMC9874939 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1054133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Childhood obesity is one of the worldwide considerable public health challenges and many factors can play a role in its management. Therefore, this article examined the facilitators and barriers of childhood obesity prevention (COP) policies. Methods This systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted via a search of the SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases between 1 January 2010 and 11 February 2022 and examined factors that influence the implementation of COP policies at a community approach. Results The parents' reluctance to engage in COP activities, lack of sufficient knowledge, and financial problems were the most reported barriers at the individual level. In addition, the beliefs about COP at the sociocultural level and limited funding and resources, time limitations in stakeholders at the implementation level, and lack of policy support at the structural level were the most frequently reported barriers. Further, effective communication between stakeholders and parents and school staff at the sociocultural level and flexibility of the intervention, delivery of healthy food programs in schools, low-cost and appropriate resources, and the availability of appropriate facilities are the most frequently reported facilitators in the structural level. Conclusion Individual, sociocultural, and structural level-related barriers and facilitators influence the implementation of COP policies. Most of the barriers and facilitators in this systematic review were related to the structural level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Taghizadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Rahim Khodayari Zarnag
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Fayyazishishavan
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marjan Gholami
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
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Lu Y, Li W, Gong X, Mi J, Wang H, Quintana FG. Prevalence of Fatty Liver among Children under Multiple Machine Learning Models. South Med J 2022; 115:622-627. [PMID: 35922049 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the possible factors causing fatty liver in children based on ultrasound data of children in south Texas, and to establish machine learning models of fatty liver in children to provide ideas for the prevention and treatment of fatty liver in children. METHODS The binary classification model of fatty liver problem in obese children in Texas was established under the multiple model. First, we selected important features using the CatBoost algorithm. Second, the best parameters of the algorithm were selected on the training set and the validation set by using the grid search method, and all six models were tested on the test set. The six models then were compared by area under the curve value, precision, accuracy, recall rate, and F1 score in a model evaluation. Then, two algorithms, logic regression and CatBoost, were selected to establish prediction models of fatty liver disease in children. RESULTS We selected body mass index, height, liver size, kidney volume, glomerular filtration rate, and liver diameter as the features used in the machine learning model. The prediction models we chose showed that children with higher body mass index at the same age tended to have a greater probability of fatty liver. CONCLUSIONS Based on the analysis of the results of the two prediction models established by logistic regression and CatBoost, we determined that the mean probability of fatty liver in severely obese children was between 74.47% and 92.22%, 73.45% and 85.41% in obese children, and slightly higher in boys than in girls, with a mean difference of 3.00% to 3.95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lu
- From the School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beihua University, Jilin, China, and the Departments of Mathematics and Physics and Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas
| | - Wenyu Li
- From the School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beihua University, Jilin, China, and the Departments of Mathematics and Physics and Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas
| | - Xiangbo Gong
- From the School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beihua University, Jilin, China, and the Departments of Mathematics and Physics and Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas
| | - Jing Mi
- From the School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beihua University, Jilin, China, and the Departments of Mathematics and Physics and Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas
| | - Hongwei Wang
- From the School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beihua University, Jilin, China, and the Departments of Mathematics and Physics and Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas
| | - Fernando G Quintana
- From the School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beihua University, Jilin, China, and the Departments of Mathematics and Physics and Biology and Chemistry, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas
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Stern M, Soca Lozano S, Lescano C, Rodriguez C, Redwine L. Developing Adaptando Dieta Y Acción Para Todos (ADAPT): An Intervention to Improve Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Among Latino Parents and Children Living in Rural Communities. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 23:88-94. [PMID: 32533505 PMCID: PMC10576241 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Latino migrant farmworkers are at great risk of obesity and its concomitant negative health impacts. Obesity interventions for this underserved, minority population are limited. We expanded upon our prior intervention work in childhood obesity to develop a multi-family, behavioral intervention, ADAPT. We conducted three phases in the development of the ADAPT program: Phase 1, a needs assessment, Phase 2, in-depth focus groups with Latino parents, their children, and stakeholders, and Phase 3, a feasibility and acceptability trial to inform program optimization. Acceptability and feasibility of ADAPT promoting healthier eating and physical activity behaviors was found. Each phase of the project led to implementation changes to ADAPT, resulting in greater intervention optimization. Participants reported key facilitators and barriers to our intervention, expressing great interest in participation. They particularly liked our mindfulness session. We are currently examining the feasibility of integrating mindfulness to optimize ADAPT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Stern
- Department of Child and Family Studies, University of South Florida, 13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MHC 2510, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | | | - Celia Lescano
- Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Laura Redwine
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Spratling R, Hallas D. Reporting and Appraising Research Studies. J Pediatr Health Care 2021; 35:108-113. [PMID: 32958457 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In today's fast-paced health care delivery system, new evidence for practice emerges on a daily basis, and research results are quickly disseminated. Nurse practitioners are challenged to evaluate the relevance of the evidence to their patient populations and whether clinical practice should be changed on the basis of the presenting evidence. Nurse researchers also need to report study findings in a relevant, organized, and scholarly manner using reporting guidelines. This paper discusses both critical appraisal checklists and reporting guidelines providing exemplars for using each of the available tools.
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Kim Y, Ritchie L, Landgraf A, Hasson RE, Colabianchi N. The Role of the Neighborhood Social Environment in Physical Activity among Hispanic Children: Moderation by Cultural Factors and Mediation by Neighborhood Norms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249527. [PMID: 33352648 PMCID: PMC7766550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about how the neighborhood social environment (e.g., safety, crime, traffic) impacts child physical activity. We examine the mechanism by which the neighborhood social environment is associated with child physical activity, moderated by individual-level cultural factors (e.g., language at home, immigrant generation) and mediated by neighborhood physical activity-related social norms (e.g., seeing walkers in the neighborhood). Data included 2749 non-Hispanic White and Hispanic children from the Healthy Communities Study. Multilevel regression was performed. The neighborhood social environment was not associated with physical activity in the full sample. However, Hispanic children speaking both English and Spanish and first- or second-generation Hispanic children engaged in more physical activity when the quality of the neighborhood social environment was higher (b = 1.60, p < 0.001 for Hispanic children speaking English and Spanish; b = 2.03, p < 0.01 for first-generation Hispanic children; b = 1.29, p < 0.01 for second-generation Hispanic children). Neighborhood physical activity-related social norms mediated the association between the neighborhood social environment and physical activity among Hispanic children speaking English and Spanish (b = 0.33, p < 0.001) and second-generation Hispanic children (b = 0.40, p < 0.001). Findings suggest heterogeneity in how neighborhood social environments impact physical activity by cultural factors. Health promotion programs may need to enhance neighborhood social environments to increase Hispanic children’s physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonwoo Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA;
| | - Lorrene Ritchie
- Nutrition Policy Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Oakland, CA 94607, USA;
| | | | - Rebecca E. Hasson
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Natalie Colabianchi
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(734)-764-4765
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Acciai F, Yellow Horse AJ, Ohri-Vachaspati P. Individual-, family-, and contextual-level variables do not explain the protective effect of parental nativity status on changes in 3-15-year-old children's BMI. SSM Popul Health 2020; 12:100652. [PMID: 32964095 PMCID: PMC7490737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual-, family-, and contextual-level factors can simultaneously and interactively affect a child's body mass index (BMI). We examine parental nativity as a key determinant of changes in children's BMI over time. Prior research on this topic has been inconclusive. A longitudinal sample of households with children residing in four low-income, high minority New Jersey cities provided data on demographics, socioeconomic status, anthropometric measures, as well as dietary and physical activity behaviors for one randomly selected child. The baseline interview for two separate cohorts took place in 2009/10 and 2014-15, with a follow-up interview 2–5 years later. The outcome variable, change in BMI z-score was divided into three categories (decrease in BMI z-score; no meaningful change; increase in BMI z-score) and analyzed using ordinal logistic regressions. About 28% of the children in the sample had at least one foreign-born parent. For the two major racial/ethnic groups, i.e., Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks, having a foreign-born parent was associated with a favorable change in BMI—children of foreign-born parents were more likely to experience a decrease BMI z-score between baseline and follow-up. Multivariate analyses reveal that the initial association between parental nativity and children's BMI change (OR = 0.20; p < 0.001) persists after controlling for an extensive set of covariates, such as child dietary and physical activity behaviors, family-level variables, census tract characteristics, and measures of food environment (OR = 0.17; p < 0.001). Through a series of sensitivity analyses, we verified that our results are consistent across different model specifications. In our sample, having a foreign-born parent was a protective factor for children's BMI change that operates through different pathways than might be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Acciai
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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