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Moser C, Spencer-Smith MM, Anderson PJ, McIlroy A, Wood AG, Leventer RJ, Anderson VA, Siffredi V. Language and communication functioning in children and adolescents with agenesis of the corpus callosum. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 255:105448. [PMID: 39083998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The corpus callosum, the largest white matter inter-hemispheric pathway, is involved in language and communication. In a cohort of 15 children and adolescents (8-15 years) with developmental absence of the corpus callosum (AgCC), this study aimed to describe language and everyday communication functioning, and explored the role of anatomical factors, social risk, and non-verbal IQ in these outcomes. Standardised measures of language and everyday communication functioning, intellectual ability and social risk were used. AgCC classification and anterior commissure volume, a potential alternative pathway, were extracted from T1-weighted images. Participants with AgCC showed reduced receptive and expressive language compared with test norms, and high rates of language and communication impairments. Complete AgCC, higher social risk and lower non-verbal IQ were associated with communication difficulties. Anterior commissure volume was not associated with language and communication. Recognising heterogeneity in language and communication functioning enhances our understanding and suggests specific focuses for potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan M Spencer-Smith
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alissandra McIlroy
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda G Wood
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia; Aston Institute for Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard J Leventer
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vicki A Anderson
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa Siffredi
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Yu H, Li J, Yang Q, Yang B, Li Y, Ren Y, Han X, Wang M, Liu H, Wang K, Liu L. Genetic etiology of agenesis of the corpus callosum: a retrospective single-center cohort analysis of 114 fetuses. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024; 310:181-194. [PMID: 38782764 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The identification and prognosis of the agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) for prenatal consultation are complex and currently unclear. This study aims to explore the correlated genetic mutations of prenatal ACC. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 114 prenatal cases of ACC. All cases (n = 114) were subjected to chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and 66 CMA-negative cases underwent prenatal exome sequencing (pES) for further analysis. RESULTS CMA was diagnosed positively in 15/114 (13.2%) cases and pES was diagnosed positively in 24/66 (36.4%) CMA-negative cases. The detection rate of genetic causes between complete and partial ACCs was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Between isolated and non-isolated (other anomalies present) ACCs, the diagnostic rate of pES in non-isolated cases was significantly higher (P < 0.001), while CMA results did not differ (P > 0.05). The diagnostic rate of CMA was significantly increased in cases combined with intracranial and extracranial malformations (P = 0.014), while no CMA positivity was detected in cases combined with only intracranial malformations. CONCLUSION For fetuses with prenatal ACC, further pES analysis should be recommended after negative CMA results. Chromosome abnormalities are less likely to occur when ACC with only intracranial malformations combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yali Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yameng Ren
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongqian Liu
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kaijuan Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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Marathu KK, Vahedifard F, Kocak M, Liu X, Adepoju JO, Bowker RM, Supanich M, Cosme-Cruz RM, Byrd S. Fetal MRI Analysis of Corpus Callosal Abnormalities: Classification, and Associated Anomalies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:430. [PMID: 38396468 PMCID: PMC10887608 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corpus callosal abnormalities (CCA) are midline developmental brain malformations and are usually associated with a wide spectrum of other neurological and non-neurological abnormalities. The study aims to highlight the diagnostic role of fetal MRI to characterize heterogeneous corpus callosal abnormalities using the latest classification system. It also helps to identify associated anomalies, which have prognostic implications for the postnatal outcome. METHODS In this study, retrospective data from antenatal women who underwent fetal MRI between January 2014 and July 2023 at Rush University Medical Center were evaluated for CCA and classified based on structural morphology. Patients were further assessed for associated neurological and non-neurological anomalies. RESULTS The most frequent class of CCA was complete agenesis (79.1%), followed by hypoplasia (12.5%), dysplasia (4.2%), and hypoplasia with dysplasia (4.2%). Among them, 17% had isolated CCA, while the majority (83%) had complex forms of CCA associated with other CNS and non-CNS anomalies. Out of the complex CCA cases, 58% were associated with other CNS anomalies, while 8% were associated with non-CNS anomalies. 17% of cases had both. CONCLUSION The use of fetal MRI is valuable in the classification of abnormalities of the corpus callosum after the confirmation of a suspected diagnosis on prenatal ultrasound. This technique is an invaluable method for distinguishing between isolated and complex forms of CCA, especially in cases of apparent isolated CCA. The use of diffusion-weighted imaging or diffusion tensor imaging in fetal neuroimaging is expected to provide further insights into white matter abnormalities in fetuses diagnosed with CCA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranthi K. Marathu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Farzan Vahedifard
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Mehmet Kocak
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Xuchu Liu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Jubril O. Adepoju
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Rakhee M. Bowker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Mark Supanich
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Division for Diagnostic Medical Physics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Rosario M. Cosme-Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Sharon Byrd
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (F.V.); (M.K.); (X.L.); (J.O.A.); (S.B.)
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Shima T, Kinjo T, Park S, Sonoda M. Perinatal clinical course of Vici syndrome associated with novel EPG5 variants: unique cardiac changes and difficulty with foetal diagnosis. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e255847. [PMID: 38182173 PMCID: PMC10773411 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Vici syndrome is a genetic disorder involving autophagy dysfunction caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in ectopic P-granules 5 autophagy tethering factor (EPG5). We report the perinatal clinical course of a neonate with Vici syndrome with a unique cardiac presentation. Foetal ultrasonography (US) detected right ventricular hypertrophy, hypoplastic left ventricle and narrowing of the foramen ovale, which were alleviated after birth. Agenesis of the corpus callosum and cerebellar hypoplasia were missed antenatally. After delivery, the patient was clinically diagnosed with Vici syndrome and two novel pathogenic mutations were detected in EPG5 The T-cell receptor repertoire was selectively skewed in the Vβ2 family. Immunological prophylaxis and tube feeding were introduced. Early diagnosis helps parents accept their child's prognosis and decide on a care plan. However, US has limited potential to detect clinical phenotypes associated with Vici syndrome. Foetal MRI may detect the characteristic abnormalities and contribute to antenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shima
- Neonatology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tadamune Kinjo
- Neonatology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sungyeon Park
- Department of Hematology, Infection, and Immunology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motoshi Sonoda
- Neonatology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Tsai P, Shinar S. Agenesis of the corpus callosum: What to tell expecting parents? Prenat Diagn 2023; 43:1527-1535. [PMID: 37794643 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most common brain malformations, with an incidence estimated to range from 0.5 to 70 in 10,000 among the general population. Prenatal diagnosis is made via ultrasound; however, fetal MRI is useful to confirm or exclude the presence of associated cerebral abnormalities-mostly cortical malformations-that may affect postnatal prognosis. When no additional central nervous system (CNS) or extra CNS anomalies are identified and no genetic cause is found, an isolated ACC is diagnosed. Overall, in cases of ACC, an underlying genetic cause can be identified in up to 12.5% with chromosomal microarray (CMA) and up to 47% with whole exome sequencing (WES). In cases where ACC is the only anomaly detected, the yield of WES is 30%. Postnatal outcomes are variable and depend on whether the condition is isolated or not. In truly isolated ACC, outcomes range from normal in 65% of cases through mild to severe neurodevelopmental impairments in 35% of cases. An interdisciplinary team of medical experts is key in guiding parents toward informed decision-making in pregnancies complicated by ACC. Considering current and expected advancements in genetic testing and imaging technologies in upcoming years, we herein summarize current recommendations for the management and prenatal counseling of expecting parents of fetuses with ACC. Our review pertains primarily to expecting parents of fetuses with complete ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Tsai
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Waterloo Regional Campus, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shiri Shinar
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Ontario Fetal Center, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Devi R, Chaurasia S, Priyadarshi M, Singh P, Basu S. Proud Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Corpus Callosum Agenesis. Cureus 2023; 15:e40671. [PMID: 37485122 PMCID: PMC10357128 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most common congenital brain anomalies with variable associations and outcomes. The incidence of ACC varies from 1.8 per 10,000 live births in normal children to as high as 600 per 10,000 in children with neurodevelopmental problems. Here, we report the case of a female neonate delivered in our institute at term gestation to a gravida 4 mother with partial ACC. The neonate was antenatally diagnosed with ACC. The mother had a previous fetus with a supratentorial cyst that was medically terminated. The neonate had a normal clinical examination, but the ultrasound of the cranium suggested ACC. Given the significant family history, a clinical exome sequencing test revealed a pathogenic frameshift mutation in the ARX gene that causes Proud syndrome. We discuss the relevant points in the diagnosis, workup, and prognosis of ACC through this case. This case highlights the importance of antenatal assessment for timely amniocentesis and a genetic diagnosis to guide the parental decision for continuation of the pregnancy, level 2 scans to detect associated anomalies, and postnatal assessment to determine the cause and prognosis of a neonate with ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Devi
- Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Suman Chaurasia
- Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Mayank Priyadarshi
- Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Poonam Singh
- Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Sriparna Basu
- Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
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Smith CJ, Smith ZG, Rasool H, Cullen K, Ghosh M, Woolley TE, Uzun O, Loh NR, Tucker D, Syed YA. Unravelling the Clinical Co-Morbidity and Risk Factors Associated with Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113623. [PMID: 37297816 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum (ACC) can result in multiple neurological deficits including social and behavioural issues. However, the underlying aetiology, clinical co-morbidity and the contributing risk factors remain elusive, resulting in inaccurate prognosis and delayed therapy. The main objective of this study was to comprehensively describe the epidemiology and clinical co-morbidity associated with patients diagnosed with ACC. The secondary objective was to identify the factors that contribute towards increased risk for ACC. For this, we analysed 22 years (1998-2020) of clinical data across the whole of Wales, UK collected through the Congenital Anomaly Register & Information Service (CARIS) and Public Health Wales (PHW). Our results demonstrate that complete ACC (84.1%) was the prevalent subtype, in comparison to partial ACC. Further, ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus (26.37%) and ventricular septal defect (21.92%) were identified to be the most prevalent neural malformation (NM) and congenital heart disorder (CHD) in our cohort. Although 12.7% of subjects with ACC had both an NM and CHD, we found no significant association between them (χ2 (1, n = 220) = 3.84, p = 0.33). We found socioeconomic deprivation and increased maternal age contributed towards an increased risk for ACC. To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first time defines the clinical phenotypes and the factors that contribute to ACC within the Welsh population. These findings will be of value to both patients and healthcare professionals, who may take preventative or remedial measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum J Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave., Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Zoey G Smith
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave., Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Hania Rasool
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave., Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Katie Cullen
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave., Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Meghana Ghosh
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave., Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | - Orhan Uzun
- School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4AG, UK
| | - Ne Ron Loh
- University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
- Royal United Hospitals Bath, NHS Foundation Trust, Bath BA1 3NG, UK
| | - David Tucker
- Knowledge Directorate, Public Health Wales, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Yasir Ahmed Syed
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Innovation Institute, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave., Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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Morgan T, Ciubuc J, Murray D, Murray M, Murray R. Adult Radiographic Presentation of Corpus Callosal Agenesis With a Single Interhemispheric Cyst and Dandy-Walker Malformation: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e38396. [PMID: 37265886 PMCID: PMC10231846 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Agenesis or dysgenesis of the corpus callosum may occur due to ischemic, toxic, traumatic, or another insult to the fetus in the first trimester. Occasionally, such a malformation is associated with an interhemispheric cyst, among other central nervous system anomalies. Holoprosencephaly tends to mimic this radiographic presentation, which is where key imaging findings are helpful to differentiate between these entities. We present a 56-year-old male patient who was found to have a monoventricle, corpus callosum agenesis, interhemispheric cyst, and a Dandy-Walker malformation. The patient presented with a right acetabular fracture with computed tomography (CT) of the brain revealing the congenital brain abnormalities. The patient's past medical history was notable for a seizure disorder identified during early adulthood. The CT scan of the head revealed a large monoventricle with an associated midline dorsal interhemispheric cyst and a Dandy-Walker malformation. The absence of both the corpus callosum and septum pellucidum was noted, with the presence of a monoventricle, leading to an initial differential of holoprosencephaly. Further review of the findings suggested instead a rare congenital presentation consisting of corpus callosum agenesis and an interhemispheric cyst. This case highlights a unique radiographic presentation of multiple brain anomalies, rarely presented in non-pediatric literature, which may help determine appropriate surgical and medical management for similarly affected adult individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Morgan
- Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, USA
| | - John Ciubuc
- Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, USA
| | | | - Matthew Murray
- Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, IRL
| | - Richard Murray
- Diagnostic Radiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, USA
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Minić S, Cerovac N, Novaković I, Gazikalović S, Popadić S, Trpinac D. The Impact of the IKBKG Gene on the Appearance of the Corpus Callosum Abnormalities in Incontinentia Pigmenti. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071300. [PMID: 37046518 PMCID: PMC10093331 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare skin disease combined with anomalies of the teeth, eyes, and central nervous system (CNS). Mutations of the IKBKG gene are responsible for IP. Among the most frequent CNS abnormalities found in IP using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are corpus callosum (CC) abnormalities. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of CC abnormalities, their relationship with the IKBKG mutations, and the possible presence of mutations of other genes. A group of seven IP patients was examined. Analyses of the IKBKG gene and the X-chromosome inactivation pattern were performed, as well as MRI and whole exome sequencing (WES) with the focus on the genes relevant for neurodegeneration. WES analysis showed IKBKG mutation in all examined patients. A patient who had a mutation of a gene other than IKBKG was excluded from further study. Four of the seven patients had clinically diagnosed CNS anomalies; two out of four had MRI-diagnosed CC anomalies. The simultaneous presence of IKBKG mutation and CC abnormalities and the absence of other mutations indicate that IKBKG may be the cause of CC abnormalities and should be included in the list of genes responsible for CC abnormalities.
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10
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Yang R, Cao Y, He D, Dang W, Qiu C, Zhang W. Social anxiety disorder in an adolescent with agenesis of the corpus callosum: a case report. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:714. [PMID: 36384487 PMCID: PMC9670649 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC) could impair the connectivity of the hemispheres of the cerebral cortex and cause cognitive impairments, social and behavioral issues, and even psychiatric disorders. Although social deficits are common in ACC patients, it is rare for a social anxiety disorder to occur. CASE PRESENTATION To report a 17-year-old adolescent with complete ACC associated with social anxiety disorder, depression, impulsive behavior, and other neurodevelopmental defects such as intellectual disabilities. His avoidance and fear were improved after treatment with sertraline. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of social anxiety disorder in ACC patients. The possible relationship between brain structural abnormities and anxiety syndrome should be investigated in more studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Yang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 28 Dianxin Street, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yuan Cao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Danmei He
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Wen Dang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 28 Dianxin Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 28 Dianxin Street, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Pânzaru MC, Popa S, Lupu A, Gavrilovici C, Lupu VV, Gorduza EV. Genetic heterogeneity in corpus callosum agenesis. Front Genet 2022; 13:958570. [PMID: 36246626 PMCID: PMC9562966 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.958570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum is the largest white matter structure connecting the two cerebral hemispheres. Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), complete or partial, is one of the most common cerebral malformations in humans with a reported incidence ranging between 1.8 per 10,000 livebirths to 230–600 per 10,000 in children and its presence is associated with neurodevelopmental disability. ACC may occur as an isolated anomaly or as a component of a complex disorder, caused by genetic changes, teratogenic exposures or vascular factors. Genetic causes are complex and include complete or partial chromosomal anomalies, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive or X-linked monogenic disorders, which can be either de novo or inherited. The extreme genetic heterogeneity, illustrated by the large number of syndromes associated with ACC, highlight the underlying complexity of corpus callosum development. ACC is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to neonatal death. The most common features are epilepsy, motor impairment and intellectual disability. The understanding of the genetic heterogeneity of ACC may be essential for the diagnosis, developing early intervention strategies, and informed family planning. This review summarizes our current understanding of the genetic heterogeneity in ACC and discusses latest discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica-Cristina Pânzaru
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Setalia Popa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- *Correspondence: Setalia Popa, ; Vasile Valeriu Lupu,
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Gavrilovici
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
- *Correspondence: Setalia Popa, ; Vasile Valeriu Lupu,
| | - Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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Moradi B, Taherian R, Tahmasebpour AR, Sanei Taheri M, Kazemi MA, Pak N, Shirazi M, Radmanesh A, Oztekin O, Arab-Ahmadi M. Fetal corpus callosum abnormalities: Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging role. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2022; 50:989-1003. [PMID: 35488776 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) is the major interhemispheric commissure and its abnormalities include agenesis, hypoplasia, and hyperplasia. The CC anomalies are typically related to other central nervous system (CNS) or extra-CNS malformations. The antenatal diagnosis of complete CC agenesis is easy after mid-trimester by ultrasound (US) even in the axial plane. The non-visualization of cavum septum pellucidum and colpocephaly are critical signs in the axial view. More subtle findings (i.e., hypoplasia and partial agenesis) might also be recognized antenatally. In this review, the focus was given on the prenatal diagnosis of CC abnormalities in US and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Moradi
- Department of Radiology, Yas Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Taherian
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Sanei Taheri
- Department of Radiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Kazemi
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Amir Alam Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Pak
- Department of Radiology, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Shirazi
- Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Radmanesh
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ozgur Oztekin
- Radiology Department, Izmir Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mehran Arab-Ahmadi
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chander S, Jazayeri S, Moulton J, Alston S. An Adult With Agenesis of Splenium of Corpus Callosum: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e26368. [PMID: 35911283 PMCID: PMC9329596 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A 22-year-old Hispanic immigrant presented to the emergency department after having a witnessed seizure. The patient was born and raised in Columbia and had a history of ventricular septal defect repair at the age of five years. Computer tomography (CT) of brain showed an unusual demonstration -“heterotopia of gray matter”- and the follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed absence of splenium part of corpus callosum. The patient received a loading dose of IV antiepileptic medications and was then transitioned to oral dose. He was then discharged with seizure prophylaxis and referred for a follow-up at another tertiary care hospital for further workup. This case led to a management dilemma as the role of seizure prophylaxis in genetic brain malformations is not well established.
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14
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Kim EY, Trejo S, Nguyen EB, Malwane MI, Cucalón-Calderón JR. A Case of Ophthalmoplegia, Hypotonia, and Developmental Delay in the Setting of Corpus Callosum Hypoplasia. Cureus 2022; 14:e25930. [PMID: 35844343 PMCID: PMC9282592 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anomalies of the corpus callosum, including complete agenesis, partial agenesis, and hypoplasia, are some of the most common brain malformations. Corpus callosum abnormalities are potentially syndromic, many of which have identifiable genetic etiologies. Patients affected with either syndromic or non-syndromic corpus callosum anomalies may also have associated ophthalmologic abnormalities. Some of the syndromes with corpus callosum malformations that also involve ophthalmologic findings include Aicardi syndrome, Mowat-Wilson syndrome, and Xia-Gibbs syndrome. This case report describes a patient with hypoplasia and possible dysgenesis of the corpus callosum noted on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) who had several ophthalmologic findings, including ophthalmoplegia, strabismus, and nystagmus, associated with microcephaly, dysmorphic facial features, global developmental delay, hypotonia, and cryptorchidism. While several previously identified syndromes share similar clinical features with this patient, these findings may also represent an unidentified genetic syndrome, and the patient remains under evaluation for a genetic diagnosis. This report explores the differential for ophthalmologic abnormalities in the setting of corpus callosum hypoplasia.
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15
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Romaniello R, Arrigoni F, De Salvo P, Bonaglia MC, Panzeri E, Bassi MT, Parazzini C, Righini A, Borgatti R. Long-term follow-up in a cohort of children with isolated corpus callosum agenesis at fetal MRI. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:2280-2288. [PMID: 34850608 PMCID: PMC8670314 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This long‐term retrospective follow‐up study aimed to address the knowledge gap between prenatal diagnosis of complete isolated Agenesis of Corpus Callosum (cACC) at fetal MRI and postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome to improve prenatal counseling for parents. Methods Data on fetuses with isolated cACC from a single‐center MRI database built up in two decades were considered. Detailed postnatal clinical, neuropsychological evaluations were performed and descriptions of available neuroradiological and genetic data were provided. Results Following a detailed neuropsychological evaluation and a long‐term follow‐up, the subsequent results emerged: 38 school‐aged children (older than 6 years) of 50 (aged 2.5‐15 years) showed normal intellectual functions (50%), intellectual disability (21%), and borderline intelligence quotient (29%). Deficits in motor functions (58%), executive functions (37%), language (61%), memory abilities (58%), and academic performances (53%) were found. Twenty‐one percent of participants showed behavioral difficulties. Almost half of the participants underwent rehabilitation. Additional findings (21%) were detected at postnatal brain MRI, and a significant association between additional findings at postnatal imaging and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcome was observed. Interpretations This study supports the view that children with prenatal diagnosis of isolated cACC may present with several degrees of neurologic and neuropsychological impairment which become more evident only in their second decade of life. Postnatal MRI and detailed genetic analysis may add crucial information to prenatal data and substantially influence final judgment on the outcome and orient clinical management and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Romaniello
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Filippo Arrigoni
- Neuroimaging Lab, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Patrizia De Salvo
- Neuropsychiatry and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Maria Clara Bonaglia
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Elena Panzeri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Bassi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Cecilia Parazzini
- Radiology and Neuroradiology Department, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Righini
- Radiology and Neuroradiology Department, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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16
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Veenema NJ, Santifort KM, Kuijpers NW, Seijger A, Hut PR. Case Report: Complex Congenital Brain Anomaly in a BBxHF Calf-Clinical Signs, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Pathological Findings. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:700527. [PMID: 34631846 PMCID: PMC8492953 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.700527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report describes the clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and associated (histo)pathological findings in a crossbred Belgian Blue calf with congenital complex brain anomaly. The calf was presented with non-progressive signs (including cerebellar ataxia) since it was born, suggestive of a multifocal intracranial lesion. A congenital anomaly was suspected and after hematology, biochemistry, serology, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, a magnetic resonance imaging study was performed. The following suspected abnormalities were the principal changes identified: severe hydrocephalus, porencephaly, suspected partial corpus callosum agenesis (CCA), and increased fluid signal between the folia of the cerebellum. Post-mortem examination predominately reflected the MRI findings. The origin for these malformations could not be identified and there was no evidence of a causative infectious agent. Corpus callosum abnormalities have been reported in bovids before and have been linked to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections, as have several other central nervous system anomalies in this species. In this case, BVDV was deemed an unlikely causative agent based on serology test results and lack of typical histopathological signs. The etiology of the congenital anomaly present in this bovine calf remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeltje J Veenema
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Nienke W Kuijpers
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anne Seijger
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter R Hut
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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17
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Li X, Wang Q. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Diagnosis of Fetal Corpus Callosum Abnormalities and Follow-up Analysis. J Child Neurol 2021; 36:1017-1026. [PMID: 34250854 DOI: 10.1177/08830738211016253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) manifestations of fetal corpus callosum abnormalities and discussed their prognosis based on the results of postnatal follow up. METHODS One hundred fifty-five fetuses were diagnosed with corpus callosum abnormalities by MRI at our hospital from 2004 to 2019. Gesell Development Scales were used to evaluate the prognosis of corpus callosum abnormalities after birth. RESULTS Corpus callosum abnormalities were diagnosed in 149 fetuses from singleton pregnancies, and 6 pairs of twins, 1 in each pair is a corpus callosum abnormality. Twenty-seven cases (27/155) were lost to follow up, whereas 128 cases (128/155) were followed up. Of these, 101 cases were induced for labor, whereas 27 cases were born naturally. Among the 27 cases of corpus callosum abnormality after birth, 22 cases were from singleton pregnancies (22/27). Moreover, 1 twin from each of 5 pairs of twins (5/27) demonstrated corpus callosum abnormalities. The average Gesell Development Scale score was 87.1 in 19 cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum and 74.9 in 3 cases of hypoplasia of the corpus callosum. Among the 5 affected twins, 2 had severe neurodevelopmental delay, 2 had mild neurodevelopmental delay, and 1 was premature and died. CONCLUSION The overall prognosis of agenesis of the corpus callosum is good in singleton pregnancies. Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum is often observed with other abnormalities, and the development quotient of hypoplasia of the corpus callosum is lower compared with agenesis of the corpus callosum. Corpus callosum abnormalities may occur in one twin, in whom the risk may be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Radiology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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18
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Wittmann MT, Katada S, Sock E, Kirchner P, Ekici AB, Wegner M, Nakashima K, Lie DC, Reis A. scRNA sequencing uncovers a TCF4-dependent transcription factor network regulating commissure development in mouse. Development 2021; 148:269257. [PMID: 34184026 PMCID: PMC8327186 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor 4 (TCF4) is a crucial regulator of neurodevelopment and has been linked to the pathogenesis of autism, intellectual disability and schizophrenia. As a class I bHLH transcription factor (TF), it is assumed that TCF4 exerts its neurodevelopmental functions through dimerization with proneural class II bHLH TFs. Here, we aim to identify TF partners of TCF4 in the control of interhemispheric connectivity formation. Using a new bioinformatic strategy integrating TF expression levels and regulon activities from single cell RNA-sequencing data, we find evidence that TCF4 interacts with non-bHLH TFs and modulates their transcriptional activity in Satb2+ intercortical projection neurons. Notably, this network comprises regulators linked to the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, e.g. FOXG1, SOX11 and BRG1. In support of the functional interaction of TCF4 with non-bHLH TFs, we find that TCF4 and SOX11 biochemically interact and cooperatively control commissure formation in vivo, and regulate the transcription of genes implicated in this process. In addition to identifying new candidate interactors of TCF4 in neurodevelopment, this study illustrates how scRNA-Seq data can be leveraged to predict TF networks in neurodevelopmental processes. Summary: Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies interactions of TCF4 with non-bHLH transcription factors linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disease in the regulation of interhemispheric projection neuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Theres Wittmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sayako Katada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Dieter Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Diogo MC, Glatter S, Prayer D, Gruber GM, Bettelheim D, Weber M, Dovjak G, Seidl R, Kasprian G. Improved neurodevelopmental prognostication in isolated corpus callosal agenesis: fetal magnetic resonance imaging-based scoring system. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2021; 58:34-41. [PMID: 32484578 PMCID: PMC8362015 DOI: 10.1002/uog.22102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Corpus callosal agenesis (CCA) is one of the most common brain malformations and is generally associated with a good outcome when isolated. However, up to 25% of patients are at risk of neurodevelopmental delay, which currently available clinical and imaging parameters are inadequate to predict. The objectives of this study were to apply and validate a fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomical scoring system in a cohort of fetuses with isolated CCA and to evaluate the correlation with postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of cases of prenatally diagnosed isolated CCA (as determined on ultrasound and MRI), with normal karyotype and with known postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome assessed by standardized testing. A fetal brain MRI anatomical scoring system based on seven categories (gyration, opercularization, temporal lobe symmetry, lamination, hippocampal position, basal ganglia and ventricular size) was developed and applied to the cohort; a total score of 0-11 points could be given, with a score of 0 representing normal anatomy. Images were scored independently by two neuroradiologists blinded to the outcome. For the purpose of assessing the correlation between fetal MRI score and neurodevelopmental outcome, neurodevelopmental test results were scored as follows: 0, 'below average' (poor outcome); 1, 'average'; and 2, 'above average' (good outcome). Spearman's rank coefficient was used to assess correlation, and inter-rater agreement in the assessment of fetal MRI score was calculated. RESULTS Twenty-one children (nine females (42.9%)) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thirty-seven fetal MRI examinations were evaluated. Mean gestational age was 28.3 ± 4.7 weeks (range, 20-38 weeks). All fetuses were delivered after 35 weeks' gestation with no perinatal complications. Fetal MRI scores ranged from 0 to 6 points, with a median of 3 points. Inter-rater agreement in fetal MRI score assessment was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.959 (95% CI, 0.921-0.979)). Neurodevelopmental evaluation was performed on average at 2.6 ± 1.46 years (range, 0.5-5.8 years). There was a significant negative correlation between fetal MRI score and neurodevelopmental outcome score in the three areas tested: cognitive (ρ = -0.559, P < 0.0001); motor (ρ = -0.414, P = 0.012) and language (ρ = -0.565, P < 0.0001) skills. Using fetal MRI score cut-offs of ≤ 3 (good outcome) and ≥ 4 points (high risk for poor outcome), the correct prognosis could be determined in 20/21 (95.2% (95% CI, 77.3-99.2%)) cases. CONCLUSION By assessing structural features of the fetal brain on MRI, it may be possible to better stratify prenatally the risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcome in CCA patients. © 2020 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Diogo
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuro‐ and Musculoskeletal RadiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Neuroradiology DepartmentHospital Garcia de OrtaAlmadaPortugal
| | - S. Glatter
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - D. Prayer
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuro‐ and Musculoskeletal RadiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - G. M. Gruber
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuro‐ and Musculoskeletal RadiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Anatomy and BiomechanicsKarl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesKremsAustria
| | - D. Bettelheim
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - M. Weber
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuro‐ and Musculoskeletal RadiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - G. Dovjak
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuro‐ and Musculoskeletal RadiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - R. Seidl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric NeurologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - G. Kasprian
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuro‐ and Musculoskeletal RadiologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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20
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Miyamoto S, Kato M, Hiraide T, Shiohama T, Goto T, Hojo A, Ebata A, Suzuki M, Kobayashi K, Chong PF, Kira R, Matsushita HB, Ikeda H, Hoshino K, Matsufuji M, Moriyama N, Furuyama M, Yamamoto T, Nakashima M, Saitsu H. Comprehensive genetic analysis confers high diagnostic yield in 16 Japanese patients with corpus callosum anomalies. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:1061-1068. [PMID: 33958710 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00932-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Corpus callosum anomalies (CCA) is a common congenital brain anomaly with various etiologies. Although one of the most important etiologies is genetic factors, the genetic background of CCA is heterogenous and diverse types of variants are likely to be causative. In this study, we analyzed 16 Japanese patients with corpus callosum anomalies to delineate clinical features and the genetic background of CCAs. We observed the common phenotypes accompanied by CCAs: intellectual disability (100%), motor developmental delay (93.8%), seizures (60%), and facial dysmorphisms (50%). Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed colpocephaly (enlarged posterior horn of the lateral ventricles, 84.6%) and enlarged supracerebellar cistern (41.7%). Whole exome sequencing revealed genetic alterations in 9 of the 16 patients (56.3%), including 8 de novo alterations (2 copy number variants and variants in ARID1B, CDK8, HIVEP2, and TCF4) and a recessive variant of TBCK. De novo ARID1B variants were identified in three unrelated individuals, suggesting that ARID1B variants are major genetic causes of CCAs. A de novo TCF4 variant and somatic mosaic deletion at 18q21.31-qter encompassing TCF4 suggest an association of TCF4 abnormalities with CCAs. This study, which analyzes CCA patients usung whole exome sequencing, demonstrates that comprehensive genetic analysis would be useful for investigating various causal variants of CCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Hiraide
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tadashi Shiohama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduated School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohide Goto
- Division of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Hojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Ebata
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozue Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pin Fee Chong
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kira
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Ikeda
- Department of Pediatrics, National Epilepsy Center, NHO Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurological Disorders, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hoshino
- Segawa Memorial Neurological Clinic for Children, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Matsufuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Minami Kyushu National Hospital, Aira, Japan
| | - Nobuko Moriyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachinaka General Hospital, Hitachinaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Furuyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Okitama Public General Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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21
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Is there a “g-neuron”? Establishing a systematic link between general intelligence (g) and the von Economo neuron. INTELLIGENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Incidental Massive Hydrocephalus Associated With an Unruptured Choroid Plexus Arteriovenous Malformation and Complete Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum Found in an Adult at Autopsy. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2021; 41:327-330. [PMID: 32568882 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Undiagnosed significant hydrocephalus is an uncommon finding at forensic autopsy as many cases present in life with complex neurological symptoms. We present a case of a 46-year-old man with no neurological deficits or history of head trauma that was incidentally found to have a massive hydrocephalus at autopsy. This was found to be associated with an unruptured arteriovenous malformation completely confined to the choroid plexus as well as complete agenesis of the corpus callosum. The arteriovenous malformation was found to form a calcified obstruction at the foramen of Monro analogous to a mass lesion, such as a colloid cyst of the third ventricle. The association of this malformation and agenesis of the corpus callosum has never been described. Histologic examination of the brain confirmed significant loss of white matter tracts and thinning of the cortical ribbon due to pressure atrophy of the ependymal lining without significant gliosis, cortical dysplasia, or evidence of other developmental malformations. Autopsy is a vital tool in the evaluation of such rare cases, enhances epidemiologic data, and increases the understanding of these pathophysiological associations.
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23
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Glatter S, Kasprian G, Bettelheim D, Ulm B, Weber M, Seidl R, Prayer D, Diogo MC. Beyond Isolated and Associated: A Novel Fetal MR Imaging-Based Scoring System Helps in the Prenatal Prognostication of Callosal Agenesis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:782-786. [PMID: 33707281 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although "corpus callosum agenesis" is an umbrella term for multiple entities, prenatal counseling is based reductively on the presence (associated) or absence (isolated) of additional abnormalities. Our aim was to test the applicability of a fetal MR neuroimaging score in a cohort of fetuses with prenatally diagnosed isolated corpus callosum agenesis and associated corpus callosum agenesis and correlate it with neurodevelopmental outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a single-center retrospective analysis of a cohort of cases of consecutive corpus callosum agenesis collected between January 2011 and July 2019. Cases were scored by 2 raters, and interater agreement was calculated. Outcome was assessed by standardized testing (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children) or a structured telephone interview and correlated with scores using 2-way ANOVA. RESULTS We included 137 cases (74 cases of isolated corpus callosum agenesis), imaged at a mean of 27 gestational weeks. Interrater agreement was excellent (0.98). Scores were higher in associated corpus callosum agenesis (P < .0001) without a significant score difference between complete and partial corpus callosum agenesis (P = .38). Outcome was assessed in 42 children with isolated corpus callosum agenesis and 9 with associated corpus callosum agenesis (mean age, 3.1 years). MR imaging scores correctly predicted developmental outcome in 90.7% of patients with isolated corpus callosum agenesis, improving neurodevelopmental risk stratification in corpus callosum agenesis. CONCLUSIONS The scoring system is very reproducible and can differentiate isolated corpus callosum agenesis and associated isolated corpus callosum agenesis (significantly higher scores) but not between partial and complete corpus callosum agenesis. Scores correlated with outcome in isolated corpus callosum agenesis, but there were too few associated postnatal cases of isolated corpus callosum agenesis to draw conclusions in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Glatter
- From the Department of Radiology (S.G., G.K., M.W., D.P., M.C.D.), Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (S.G., R.S.), Division of Pediatric Neurology
| | - G Kasprian
- From the Department of Radiology (S.G., G.K., M.W., D.P., M.C.D.), Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology
| | - D Bettelheim
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (D.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (B.U., D.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - B Ulm
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (B.U., D.B.), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Weber
- From the Department of Radiology (S.G., G.K., M.W., D.P., M.C.D.), Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology
| | - R Seidl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (S.G., R.S.), Division of Pediatric Neurology
| | - D Prayer
- From the Department of Radiology (S.G., G.K., M.W., D.P., M.C.D.), Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology
| | - M C Diogo
- From the Department of Radiology (S.G., G.K., M.W., D.P., M.C.D.), Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology
- Neuroradiology Department (M.C.D.), Hospital Garcia de Orta, Portugal
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24
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Melogno S, Pinto MA, Scalisi TG, Badolato F, Parisi P. Case Report: Theory of Mind and Figurative Language in a Child With Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum. Front Psychol 2021; 11:596804. [PMID: 33633625 PMCID: PMC7900504 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.596804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this case report, we studied Theory of Mind (ToM) and figurative language comprehension in a 7.2-year-old child, conventionally named RJ, with isolated and complete agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), a rare malformation due to the absence of the corpus callosum, the major tract connecting the two brain hemispheres. To study ToM, which is the capability to infer the other’s mental states, we used the classical false belief tasks, and to study figurative language, i.e., those linguistic usages involving non-literal meanings, we used tasks assessing metaphor and idiom comprehension. RJ’s intellectual level and his phonological, lexical, and grammatical abilities were all adequate. In both the ToM false belief tasks and novel sensory metaphor comprehension, RJ showed a delay of 3 years and a significant gap compared to a typically developing control group, while in idioms, his performance was at the border of average. These outcomes suggest that RJ has a specific pragmatic difficulty in all tasks where he must interpret the other’s communicative intention, as in ToM tasks and novel sensory metaphor comprehension. The outcomes also open up interesting insights into the relationships between ToM and figurative language in children with isolated and complete ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Melogno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Faculty of Psychology, University Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Pinto
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Gloria Scalisi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fausto Badolato
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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25
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Corpus Callosum and Cerebellum Anomaly in a Puppy. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2020-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This paper is aimed to present a corpus callosum and cerebellar anomaly with pathological findings in a 40-day-old, male, Golden Retriever puppy. It was stated that the dog rapidly deteriorated and died. On necropsy, after opening the skull, it was observed that the brain and cerebellum hemispheres were separated. In the detailed macroscopic examination, it was observed that the corpus callosum, interthalamic connections, which connect the brain hemispheres, were completely separated from each other. It was observed that the corpus callosum was more prominent in the right hemisphere but the anatomical structures of the left hemisphere were not evident. It was also observed that the hemispheres of the cerebellum were almost completely separated from the vermis region. It has been observed that brain connections can be achieved only by attachment between the midbrain and pons and continuing with the pons. Microscopic examination revealed no inflammatory reactions in the brain and cerebellum. Corpus callosum and cerebellar vermis anomalies in dogs have been reported before. However, split brain syndrome characterized by the loss of almost all connections of the brain and cerebellum in such severity that was observed in this case has not been previously reported.
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Mirsky DM, Stence NV, Powers AM, Dingman AL, Neuberger I. Imaging of fetal ventriculomegaly. Pediatr Radiol 2020; 50:1948-1958. [PMID: 33252761 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fetal ventriculomegaly is the most common central nervous system abnormality detected by prenatal imaging. It has a high association with other anomalies. Etiologies and prognoses for fetal ventriculomegaly range from normal outcomes to significant neurodevelopmental sequelae. In this paper, we review the development, terminology, pathogenesis, imaging and prognosis of fetal ventriculomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Mirsky
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Ave., Box B125, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Nicholas V Stence
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Ave., Box B125, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Andria M Powers
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Ave., Box B125, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Andra L Dingman
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ilana Neuberger
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 East 16th Ave., Box B125, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Melogno S, Pinto MA, Pollice C, Badolato F, Trasimeni G, Parisi P. Understanding Novel Metaphors: A Milestone in the Developmental Trajectory of Children with Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum? Brain Sci 2020; 10:E753. [PMID: 33086472 PMCID: PMC7603083 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores novel metaphor comprehension in a 7.2-year-old child (conventionally called RJ) with complete and isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC). RJ's cognitive level was adequate for his age as well as most of his linguistic competencies. The child's performance was compared to typically developing (TD) controls on a test assessing novel metaphor comprehension for preschoolers. RJ's performance showed a delay of about three years in relation to the expected level for his age, and also a significant gap compared to the TDs. The results highlighted the possibility to detect weaknesses in understanding novel metaphors in children with ACC, in spite of their apparently adequate linguistic capabilities. An early detection of a weakness in this area can pave the way to neurolinguistic treatment in order to enhance the understanding of nonliteral meaning, which, in the developmental trajectory, will be increasingly involved in everyday life communication. Future research should explore more in-depth a capability that intrinsically requires high interconnectivity, such as novel metaphor comprehension, in a brain in development where the major tract connecting the two hemispheres is missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Melogno
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Faculty of Psychology, “Niccolò Cusano” University of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Antonietta Pinto
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Pollice
- Faculty of Psychology, “Niccolò Cusano” University of Rome, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fausto Badolato
- NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (G.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Guido Trasimeni
- NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (G.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Pasquale Parisi
- NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (G.T.); (P.P.)
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Paradiso S, Brown WS, Porcerelli JH, Tranel D, Adolphs R, Paul LK. Integration Between Cerebral Hemispheres Contributes to Defense Mechanisms. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1534. [PMID: 32733338 PMCID: PMC7359856 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Defense mechanisms are mental functions which facilitate coping when real or imagined events challenge personal wishes, needs, and feelings. Whether defense mechanisms have a specific neural basis is unknown. The present research tested the hypothesis that interhemispheric integration plays a critical role in defense mechanism development, by studying a unique sample of patients born without the corpus callosum (agenesis of the corpus callosum; AgCC). Adults with AgCC (N = 27) and matched healthy volunteers (N = 30) were compared on defense mechanism use across increasing levels of developmental maturity (denial, least; projection, intermediate; identification, most). Narratives generated in response to Thematic Apperception Test images were scored according to the Defense Mechanism Manual. Greater use of denial and less identification was found in persons with AgCC, compared to healthy comparisons. This difference emerged after age 18 when full maturation of defenses among healthy individuals was expected. The findings provide clinically important characterization of social and emotional processing in persons with AgCC. More broadly, the results support the hypothesis that functional integration across the hemispheres is important for the development of defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Paradiso
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience, INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Warren S Brown
- Travis Research Institute, Fuller Graduate School of Psychology, Pasadena, CA, United States.,International Research Consortium for the Corpus Callosum and Cerebral Connectivity (IRC5), Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - John H Porcerelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Daniel Tranel
- Department of Neurology and Psychology and Neuroscience Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ralph Adolphs
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Lynn K Paul
- Travis Research Institute, Fuller Graduate School of Psychology, Pasadena, CA, United States.,Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.,International Research Consortium for the Corpus Callosum and Cerebral Connectivity (IRC5), Pasadena, CA, United States
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29
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Brown WS, Panos A, Paul LK. Attention, impulsivity, and vigilance in agenesis of the corpus callosum. Neuropsychology 2020; 34:2020-52229-001. [PMID: 32700934 PMCID: PMC7989585 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Questions regarding the role of the corpus callosum in attention are raised by the reports of attention problems in some persons with agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC), as well as by abnormalities in callosal size in persons with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder. The current study assessed inattention, impulsivity, and vigilance in individuals with AgCC. METHOD These domains of attention were assessed using the Conners' Continuous Performance Test II in 18 older adolescents and adults (ages 16-52) with complete AgCC and normal intelligence (full scale intelligence quotient > 80). Scores were converted to T scores using age-specific norms and assessed for departure from the normative sample. RESULTS Scores were significantly elevated in older adolescents with AgCC for errors of commission (p = .050, d = 0.55) and detectability (p = .03, d = 0.58). Older adolescents were worse than adults for commissions (p = .06, ηp² = .201) and detectability (p = .03, ηp² = .273). Also, male individuals had significantly higher (worse) scores than did female in vigilance (p = .01, ηp² = .337). CONCLUSION These results suggest moderate levels of difficulties in sustained attention in AgCC, particularly in maintaining response inhibition and in vigilance, that are modulated by age and sex. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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30
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Heide S, Spentchian M, Valence S, Buratti J, Mach C, Lejeune E, Olin V, Massimello M, Lehalle D, Mouthon L, Whalen S, Faudet A, Mignot C, Garel C, Blondiaux E, Lefebvre M, Quenum-Miraillet G, Chantot-Bastaraud S, Milh M, Bretelle F, Portes VD, Guibaud L, Putoux A, Tsatsaris V, Spodenkiewic M, Layet V, Dard R, Mandelbrot L, Guet A, Moutton S, Gorce M, Nizon M, Vincent M, Beneteau C, Rocchisanni MA, Benachi A, Saada J, Attié-Bitach T, Guilbaud L, Maurice P, Friszer S, Jouannic JM, de Villemeur TB, Moutard ML, Keren B, Héron D. Prenatal exome sequencing in 65 fetuses with abnormality of the corpus callosum: contribution to further diagnostic delineation. Genet Med 2020; 22:1887-1891. [PMID: 32565546 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormality of the corpus callosum (AbnCC) is etiologically a heterogeneous condition and the prognosis in prenatally diagnosed cases is difficult to predict. The purpose of our research was to establish the diagnostic yield using chromosomal microarray (CMA) and exome sequencing (ES) in cases with prenatally diagnosed isolated (iAbnCC) and nonisolated AbnCC (niAbnCC). METHODS CMA and prenatal trio ES (pES) were done on 65 fetuses with iAbnCC and niAbnCC. Only pathogenic gene variants known to be associated with AbnCC and/or intellectual disability were considered. RESULTS pES results were available within a median of 21.5 days (9-53 days). A pathogenic single-nucleotide variant (SNV) was identified in 12 cases (18%) and a pathogenic CNV was identified in 3 cases (4.5%). Thus, the genetic etiology was determined in 23% of cases. In all diagnosed cases, the results provided sufficient information regarding the neurodevelopmental prognosis and helped the parents to make an informed decision regarding the outcome of the pregnancy. CONCLUSION Our results show the significant diagnostic and prognostic contribution of CMA and pES in cases with prenatally diagnosed AbnCC. Further prospective cohort studies with long-term follow-up of the born children will be needed to provide accurate prenatal counseling after a negative pES result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Heide
- UF de Génétique Médicale et CRMR « Déficience intellectuelle », Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Myrtille Spentchian
- UF de Génétique Médicale et CRMR « Déficience intellectuelle », Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Valence
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Julien Buratti
- UF de Génomique du Développement, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Mach
- UF de Génomique du Développement, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Lejeune
- UF de Génomique du Développement, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Olin
- UF de Génomique du Développement, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marta Massimello
- UF de Génétique Médicale et CRMR « Déficience intellectuelle », Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Daphné Lehalle
- UF de Génétique Médicale et CRMR « Déficience intellectuelle », Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Linda Mouthon
- UF de Génétique Médicale et CRMR « Déficience intellectuelle », Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Whalen
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Anne Faudet
- UF de Génétique Médicale et CRMR « Déficience intellectuelle », Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- UF de Génétique Médicale et CRMR « Déficience intellectuelle », Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Garel
- Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, HUEP, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Eleonore Blondiaux
- Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, HUEP, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Lefebvre
- Service de Foetopathologie, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, HUEP, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud
- Service de Cytogénétique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, HUEP, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Milh
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital La Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Bretelle
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Hôpital Nord, APHM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent des Portes
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Laurent Guibaud
- Service de Radiologie Pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | | | | | - Valérie Layet
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital du Havre, Le Havre, France
| | - Rodolphe Dard
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Hôpital de Poissy, Poissy, France
| | - Laurent Mandelbrot
- Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, APHP, Université de Paris, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Agnès Guet
- Service de Pédiatrie, APHP, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | | | - Magali Gorce
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Vincent
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Beneteau
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Alexandra Benachi
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, APHP, Université Paris Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Julien Saada
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, APHP, Université Paris Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- Embryofoetopathologie, Service Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Guilbaud
- Fetal Medicine Département, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Paul Maurice
- Fetal Medicine Département, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Friszer
- Fetal Medicine Département, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Jouannic
- Fetal Medicine Département, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Marie-Laure Moutard
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- UF de Génomique du Développement, Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Héron
- UF de Génétique Médicale et CRMR « Déficience intellectuelle », Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Guadarrama-Ortiz P, Choreño-Parra JA, de la Rosa-Arredondo T. Isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum and normal general intelligence development during postnatal life: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2020; 14:28. [PMID: 32046774 PMCID: PMC7014647 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-2359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Agenesis of the corpus callosum can occur isolated or as part of a complex congenital syndrome. Patients with isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum may present with severe intellectual disability, although a proportion of affected individuals develop normal intelligence. However, even in patients with no apparent deficits, subtle neuropsychological alterations may occur as the cognitive demand increases with age. Hence, patients with this deffect require a strict follow-up during their postnatal life. Thus, physicians require a better knowledge of the cognitive features of agenesis of the corpus callosum to improve their approach to this cerebral malformation. Here, we report an illustrative case of a school-age child with isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum and normal intelligence. We also provide a literature review about the postnatal screening of neurocognitive deficits in patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum. Case presentation An 8-year-old Hispanic boy with total agenesis of the corpus callosum attended for medical follow-up. The defect was identified during the neonatal period by cranial ultrasonography and brain computed tomography scan. However, he did not present any craniofacial or non-cerebral malformation suggestive of a congenital syndrome. Furthermore, he showed no neuropsychiatric disorder or intellectual disability during his early childhood. At the age of 4, he was subjected to a control brain magnetic resonance imaging that showed total agenesis of the corpus callosum and colpocephaly. At his arrival, a neurological examination was normal with no signs of intracranial hypertension. His intelligence quotient was unaltered and he scored normal in the Mini-Mental State Examination test. The literature reviewed here suggested that patients with agenesis of the corpus callosum require a strict neurocognitive follow-up during postnatal life, as they may present neuropsychological deficits during adolescence, when development of the corpus callosum is completed and there is maximum reliance on this structure. Thus, our patient was scheduled for future annual neurocognitive testing. Conclusions Isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum is not innocuous, and patients with this defect require a strict neurocognitive follow-up. We provide an informative reference tool useful for the postnatal neuropsychological screening of patients with isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parménides Guadarrama-Ortiz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Tlaxcala & Manzanillo, Roma Sur, 06760, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Tlaxcala & Manzanillo, Roma Sur, 06760, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tania de la Rosa-Arredondo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Centro Especializado en Neurocirugía y Neurociencias México (CENNM), Tlaxcala & Manzanillo, Roma Sur, 06760, Mexico City, Mexico
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Bayram AK, Kütük MS, Doganay S, Özgün MT, Gümüş H, Başbuğ M, Kumandaş S, Canpolat M, Per H. An analysis of 109 fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of complete agenesis of corpus callosum. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:1521-1529. [PMID: 31970575 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04224-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is the most frequent commissural malformation of the brain. It continues to be an important cause of the pregnancy termination associated with the central nervous system (CNS). OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of fetuses with diagnosis of complete ACC, as well as postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes. METHODS The data of 75,843 fetuses were screened for evaluation of complete ACC between 2003 and 2017, and a total of 109 cases with complete ACC were included in the study. ACC was considered isolated when no additional anomalies were detected, and ACC was considered complex when additional anomalies were present. RESULTS The prevalence of complete ACC was 9.4 per 10,000 live births, and the incidence was ranged from 1.8 to 16.6 per 10,000 person-years. Patients with isolated ACC had a significantly higher survival when compared with patients with complex ACC (97.4%, n = 38/39 vs. 68.8%, n = 22/32, P = 0.001).The most important cause of death were congenital heart disease and/or respiratory failure during neonatal period. Developmental and intellectual disabilities were significantly higher in the complex ACC cases (P < 0.001). Postnatal neurodevelopmental outcomes were completely normal in 79.4% of cases with isolated ACC. CONCLUSIONS Isolated complete ACC is usually associated with a favorable outcome. The most important prognostic factors are the presence or absence of associated congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Kaçar Bayram
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Serdar Kütük
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Selim Doganay
- Pediatric Radiologist, Specialist, Kayseri, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Tuncay Özgün
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gümüş
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Başbuğ
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sefer Kumandaş
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Canpolat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Per
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039, Melikgazi, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Anterior and posterior commissures in agenesis of the corpus callosum: Alternative pathways for attention processes? Cortex 2019; 121:454-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Meloche J, Brunet V, Gagnon PA, Lavoie MÈ, Bouchard JB, Nadaf J, Majewski J, Morin C, Laprise C. Exome sequencing study of partial agenesis of the corpus callosum in men with developmental delay, epilepsy, and microcephaly. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e992. [PMID: 31578829 PMCID: PMC6978259 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study reports the genetic features of four Caucasian males from the Saguenay‒Lac‐St‐Jean region affected by partial agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) with hypotonia, epilepsy, developmental delay, microcephaly, hypoplasia, and autistic behavior. Methods We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify new genes involved in this pathological phenotype. The regions of interest were subsequently sequenced for family members. Results Single‐nucleotide variations (SNVs) and insertions or deletions were detected in genes potentially implicated in brain defects observed in these patients. One patient did not have mutations in genes related to ACC, but carried a de novo pathogenic mutation in Mucolipin‐1 (MCOLN1) and was diagnosed with mucolipidosis type IV. Among the other probands, missense SNVs were observed in DCLK2 (Doublecortin Like Kinase 2), HERC2 (HECT And RLD Domain Containing E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 2), and KCNH3 (Potassium channel, voltage‐gated, subfamily H, member 3). One patient also carried a non‐frameshift insertion in CACNA1A (Cav2.1(P/Q‐type) calcium channels). Conclusion Although no common genetic defect was observed in this study, we provide evidence for new avenues of investigation for ACC, such as molecular pathways involving HERC2, CACNA1A, KCNH3, and more importantly DCLK2. We also allowed to diagnose an individual with mucolipidosis type IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolyane Meloche
- Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada.,Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Vanessa Brunet
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Gagnon
- Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada.,Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Lavoie
- Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada.,Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | | | - Javad Nadaf
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles Morin
- Centre de Santé et de Services Sociaux de Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Laprise
- Centre intersectoriel en santé durable, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada.,Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Saguenay, QC, Canada
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Mancuso L, Uddin LQ, Nani A, Costa T, Cauda F. Brain functional connectivity in individuals with callosotomy and agenesis of the corpus callosum: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 105:231-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Stoll C, Dott B, Roth MP. Associated anomalies in cases with agenesis of the corpus callosum. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:2101-2111. [PMID: 31444900 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC) is an uncommon congenital anomaly, its etiology is unclear and its pathogenesis is controversial. Cases with ACC often have other non-ACC associated congenital anomalies. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and the types of these associated anomalies in a defined population. The associated anomalies in cases with ACC were collected in all live births, stillbirths, and terminations of pregnancy during 29 years in 387,067 consecutive births in the area covered by our population-based registry of congenital malformations. Of the 99 cases with ACC, representing a prevalence of 2.56 per 10,000, 73 (73.7%) had associated anomalies. There were 16 (16.2%) cases with chromosomal abnormalities, and 13 (13.2%) nonchromosomal recognized dysmorphic conditions including syndromes two each: Aicardi, Dandy-Walker, and fetal alcoholism. Forty-four (44.4%) of the cases had nonsyndromic multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). Anomalies in the musculoskeletal, the urogenital, the central nervous, the cardiovascular, and the digestive systems were the most common other anomalies in the cases with MCA. The anomalies associated with ACC could be classified into a recognizable malformation syndrome in 29 out of the 73 cases (39.7%) with associated anomalies. This study included special strengths: it is population-based, each affected child was examined by a geneticist, all elective terminations were ascertained, and the surveillance for anomalies was continued until 2 years of age. In conclusion the overall prevalence of associated anomalies, three of four cases, emphasizes the need for a screening for other anomalies in cases with ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Stoll
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Beatrice Dott
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Paule Roth
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Abstract
CLINICAL ISSUE Agenesis of the corpus callosum is reported to have an incidence of about 1:4000 live births. In 30-45% of cases, genetic etiologies can be identified, e. g., 10% chromosomal anomalies and 20-35% genetic syndromes. Environmental factors like fetal alcohol syndrome are also known to be prone to callosal agenesis. Callosal agenesis can be complete or partial and can be isolated or associated with other central nervous system (CNS) anomalies (e. g., cortical developmental disorders, callosal lipoma, intracranial cysts) or extra-CNS anomalies (e. g., eyes, face, cardiovascular). STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS AND METHODICAL INNOVATIONS Diagnosis is made using ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or best with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Typical imaging findings in callosal agenesis are colpocephaly, high riding enlarged third ventricle, Texas Longhorn configuration of frontal horns and so-called Probst bundles parasagittal. Diffusion tensor imaging and fiber-tracking, based on diffusion-weighted techniques, can also visualize fiber/tract anomalies in the patients' brains. ASSESSMENT Clinical correlations of callosal agenesis is difficult in general because of the common association of other CNS malformations. Differential diagnosis of primary complete or partial callosal agenesis are secondary callosal changes, e. g. vascular, inflammatory or posttreatment in origin.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) involves congenital absence of all or part of the corpus callosum. Because the disorder can only be firmly diagnosed via neuroradiology, it has a short research history, and only recently has the cognitive syndrome become clear. PURPOSE Our purpose is to review the primary deficits in AgCC that constitute the core syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The cores syndrome includes: (1) reduced interhemispheric transfer of sensory-motor information; (2) reduced cognitive processing speed; and (3) deficits in complex reasoning and novel problem-solving. These domains do not appear to reflect different neuroanatomical abnormalities, but rather different domains of expression of reduced interhemispheric communication from callosal absence. IMPLICATIONS These core deficits are expressed across various domains of cognitive, behavioral, and social functioning. The impact of these deficits varies across development and may be moderated by individual factors such as co-occurrence of other neurodevelopmental conditions, general intellectual capacity, and environmental support. (JINS, 2019, 25, 324-330).
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Abstract
Disorders of the developing nervous system may be of genetic origin, comprising congenital malformations of spine and brain as well as metabolic or vascular disorders that affect normal brain development. Acquired causes include congenital infections, hypoxic-ischemic or traumatic brain injury, and a number of rare neoplasms. This chapter focuses on the clinical presentation and workup of neurogenetic disorders presenting in the fetal or neonatal period. After a summary of the most frequent clinical presentations, clues from history taking and clinical examination are illustrated with short case reports. This is followed by a discussion of the different tools available for the workup of neurogenetic disorders, including the various genetic techniques with their advantages and disadvantages. The implications of a molecular genetic diagnosis for the patient and family are addressed in the section on counseling. The chapter concludes with a proposed workflow that may help the clinician when confronted with a potential neurogenetic disorder in the fetal or neonatal period.
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40
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Oh KY, Gibson TJ, Pinter JD, Pettersson D, Shaffer BL, Selden NR, Sohaey R. Clinical outcomes following prenatal diagnosis of asymmetric ventriculomegaly, interhemispheric cyst, and callosal dysgenesis (AVID). Prenat Diagn 2018; 39:26-32. [PMID: 30511781 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES When identified prenatally, the imaging triad of asymmetric ventriculomegaly, interhemispheric cyst, and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (AVID) can indicate a more serious congenital brain anomaly. In this follow-up series of 15 fetuses, we present the neurodevelopmental outcomes of a single institution cohort of children diagnosed prenatally with AVID. METHODS Our fetal ultrasound database was queried for cases of AVID between 2000 and 2016. All available fetal MR imaging studies were reviewed for the presence of (a) interhemispheric cysts or ventricular diverticula and (b) dysgenesis or agenesis of the corpus callosum. Clinical records were reviewed for perinatal management, postnatal surgical management, and neurodevelopmental outcomes. RESULTS Fifteen prenatal cases of AVID were identified. Twelve were live-born and three pregnancies were terminated. Of the 12 patients, 11 underwent neurosurgical intervention. Of the eight patients surviving past infancy, seven of eight have moderate to severe neurodevelopmental delays or disabilities, encompassing both motor and language skills, and all have variable visual abnormalities. CONCLUSION In our cohort of 15 prenatally diagnosed fetuses with AVID, eight survived past infancy and all have neurodevelopmental disabilities, including motor and language deficits, a wide range of visual defects, craniofacial abnormalities, and medical comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Y Oh
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Thomas J Gibson
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joseph D Pinter
- Department of Pediatrics (Institute on Development & Disability, and Pediatric Neurology), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - David Pettersson
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Brian L Shaffer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nathan R Selden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Roya Sohaey
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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Revanna KG, Rajadurai VS, Chandran S. Agenesis of the corpus callosum with interhemispheric cyst: clinical implications and outcome. BMJ Case Rep 2018; 11:11/1/bcr-2018-227366. [PMID: 30567179 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-227366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe two cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) with interhemispheric cyst (IHC). Case 1: a male infant was born at 36 weeks gestation with a history of second trimester fetal ultrasound (US) scan and MRI showing ACC with IHC. His head circumference at birth and 5 months was at 90th centile. He developed infantile spasm and electroencephalogram showed hypsarrhythmia at 5 months of age. Seizures were controlled. He is under evaluation for surgical treatment. Case 2: ACC with a midline cyst was reported in the midtrimester US scan of a male infant. Subsequent fetal scans showed increasing size of the cyst. At birth, he had macrocephaly with a head circumference above 97th centile. MRI of the brain confirmed ACC with IHC. The parents refused a cystoperitoneal shunt offered. The child displayed gross neurodevelopmental delay with progressive hydrocephalus on follow-up and succumbed to aspiration pneumonia at 22 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Samuel Rajadurai
- Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore.,NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Suresh Chandran
- Neonatology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.,Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore.,NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore
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Tambasco N, Paoletti FP, Prato G, Mancardi MM, Prontera P, Giordano L, Grosso S, Romeo A, Pinto F, Savasta S, Peruzzi C, Romoli M, Striano P, Verrotti A, Belcastro V. Long-term follow-up in pediatric patients with paroxysmal hypothermia (Shapiro's syndrome). Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:1081-1086. [PMID: 30195408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shapiro syndrome (SS) is characterized by spontaneous recurrent episodes of hypothermia, hyperhidrosis and corpus callosum (CC) agenesis. Less than 60 cases have been reported to date and the pathogenic mechanism as well as the prognosis of this syndrome are still debated. We describe the clinical features and long-term follow-up of a pediatric cohort of SS patients. METHODS We collected 13 (10 novel) pediatric cases of SS and report their long-term follow-up and neurological outcome. RESULTS All patients experienced recurring hypothermia, with body temperature below 35 °C during the episodes, often accompanied by hyperidrosis. CC agenesis was an inconstant structural feature in the present series (2/13 patients). Seven patients received antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) or other drug therapy for a mean period of 12 months. At long-term follow-up (mean = 61 months, range: 60-96), all individuals were free from episodes of paroxysmal hypothermia independently from previous AED use or other drug therapy. CONCLUSION Paroxysmal hypothermia, the core symptom of SS, behaved as a age-dependent feature in our cohort, supporting a good long-term prognosis for SS. A prompt diagnosis of SS is crucial to avoid unnecessary diagnostic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tambasco
- Neurology Department, University General Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Prato
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Margherita Mancardi
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Surgical Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Medical Genetics Unit, "S. Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Child Neuropsychiatric Division, Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grosso
- Clinical Pediatrics, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Molecular and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Antonino Romeo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit and Epilepsy Center, "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico" Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Pinto
- Department of Pediatrics, "Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico" Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Savasta
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pavia, IRCCS Policlinico "San Matteo", Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Michele Romoli
- Neurology Department, University General Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy
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Kılıç ET, Akçay ME, Akdemir MS, Atağ E, Gürsu O. Anesthetic Management in Corpus Callosum Agenesis. Anesth Essays Res 2018; 12:758-760. [PMID: 30283190 PMCID: PMC6157239 DOI: 10.4103/aer.aer_91_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpus callosum agenesis develops when the band which connects the two hemispheres of the brain does not occur in utero. It is associated with prenatal infections, genetic factors, toxic exposures, metabolic disorders, and chromosome errors. Mostly seen clinical features are macrocephaly, microcephaly, seizures, motor retardation, hypotonia, eye anomalies, and facial dysmorphisms. Here, we report a case of corpus callosum agenesis syndrome undergoing upper endoscopy under deep sedation with dexmedetomidine. The main anesthetic concerns are difficulty in airway, respiratory problems, gastric reflux, and interaction of the seizures therapy with general anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Tarıkçı Kılıç
- Department of Anesthesiology, Health Sciences University, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erdem Akçay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Health Sciences University, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Salim Akdemir
- Department of Anesthesiology, Health Sciences University, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Egemen Atağ
- Department of Anesthesiology, Health Sciences University, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Gürsu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Health Sciences University, Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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A Neuropsychological Profile for Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum? Cognitive, Academic, Executive, Social, and Behavioral Functioning in School-Age Children. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2018; 24:445-455. [PMID: 29510770 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617717001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC), characterized by developmental absence of the corpus callosum, is one of the most common congenital brain malformations. To date, there are limited data on the neuropsychological consequences of AgCC and factors that modulate different outcomes, especially in children. This study aimed to describe general intellectual, academic, executive, social and behavioral functioning in a cohort of school-aged children presenting for clinical services to a hospital and diagnosed with AgCC. The influences of age, social risk and neurological factors were examined. METHODS Twenty-eight school-aged children (8 to 17 years) diagnosed with AgCC completed tests of general intelligence (IQ) and academic functioning. Executive, social and behavioral functioning in daily life, and social risk, were estimated from parent and teacher rated questionnaires. MRI findings reviewed by a pediatric neurologist confirmed diagnosis and identified brain characteristics. Clinical details including the presence of epilepsy and diagnosed genetic condition were obtained from medical records. RESULTS In our cohort, ~50% of children experienced general intellectual, academic, executive, social and/or behavioral difficulties and ~20% were functioning at a level comparable to typically developing children. Social risk was important for understanding variability in neuropsychological outcomes. Brain anomalies and complete AgCC were associated with lower mathematics performance and poorer executive functioning. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive report of general intellectual, academic, executive social and behavioral consequences of AgCC in school-aged children. The findings have important clinical implications, suggesting that support to families and targeted intervention could promote positive neuropsychological functioning in children with AgCC who come to clinical attention. (JINS, 2018, 24, 445-455).
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Early asymmetric inter-hemispheric transfer in the auditory network: insights from infants with corpus callosum agenesis. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2893-2905. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Edwards TJ, Sherr EH, Barkovich AJ, Richards LJ. Reply: ARID1B mutations are the major genetic cause of corpus callosum anomalies in patients with intellectual disability. Brain 2018; 139:e65. [PMID: 27474217 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Edwards
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Departments of Neurology and Paediatrics, The University of California and the Benioff Children's Hospital, CA, 94158, USA
| | - A James Barkovich
- UCSF Medical Center and Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Linda J Richards
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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Eguchi M, Ozaki E, Yamauchi T, Ohta M, Higaki T, Masuda K, Imoto I, Ishii E, Eguchi-Ishimae M. Manifestation of recessive combined D-2-, L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria in combination with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:351-358. [PMID: 29265763 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome is one of the most common human microdeletion syndromes. The clinical phenotype of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is variable, ranging from mild to life-threatening symptoms, depending mainly on the extent of the deleted region. Brain malformations described in association with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome include polymicrogyria, cerebellar hypoplasia, megacisterna magna, and agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC), although these are rare. We report here for the first time a patient who manifested combined D-2- and L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria as a result of a hemizygous mutation in SLC25A1 in combination with 22q11.2 deletion. The girl was diagnosed to have ACC shortly after birth and a deletion of 22q11.2 was identified by genetic analysis. Although the patient showed cardiac anomalies, which is one of the typical symptoms of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, her rather severe phenotype and atypical face prompted us to search for additional pathogenic mutations. Three genes present in the deleted 22q11.2 region, SLC25A1, TUBA8, and SNAP29, which have been reported to be associated with brain malformation, were analyzed for the presence of pathogenic mutations. A frameshift mutation, c.18_24dup (p.Ala9Profs*82), was identified in the first exon of the remaining SLC25A1 allele, resulting in the complete loss of normal SLC25A1 function in the patient's cells. Our results support the notion that the existence of another genetic abnormality involving the retained allele on 22q11.2 should be considered when atypical or rare phenotypes are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Eguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Division of Medical Genetics, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Erina Ozaki
- Division of Medical Genetics, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Department of Total Medical Support Center, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yamauchi
- Department of Neonatology, Maternity & Perinatal Care Unit, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ohta
- Department of Neonatology, Maternity & Perinatal Care Unit, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takashi Higaki
- Department of Regional Pediatrics and Perinatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Masuda
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Issei Imoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Eiichi Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.,Division of Medical Genetics, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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48
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Siffredi V, Spencer-Smith M, Barrouillet P, Vaessen M, Leventer R, Anderson V, Vuilleumier P. Neural correlates of working memory in children and adolescents with agenesis of the corpus callosum: An fMRI study. Neuropsychologia 2017; 106:71-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Chaudhry A, Chung BH, Stavropoulos DJ, Araya MP, Ali A, Heon E, Chitayat D. Agenesis of the corpus callosum, developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, facial dysmorphism, and posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy associated with ZEB1 gene deletion. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:2467-2471. [PMID: 28742278 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report on a girl diagnosed prenatally with agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) on fetal ultrasound and MRI. On postnatal follow-up she was noted to have developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, autism spectrum disorder, and posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPD). Array-comparative genomic hybridization analysis (Array-CGH) showed a 2.05 Mb de novo interstitial deletion at 10p11.23p11.22. The deleted region overlaps 1 OMIM Morbid Map gene, ZEB1 (the zinc finger E-box binding homeobox transcription factor 1), previously associated with posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy type 3 (PPCD3). To our best knowledge this is the first reported case with a deletion of the ZEB1 gene in an individual with ACC and PPD, showing that the haploinsufficiency of the ZEB1 is likely the cause of our patient's phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeshah Chaudhry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian H Chung
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dimitri J Stavropoulos
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Genome Diagnostics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcela P Araya
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asim Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elise Heon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Chitayat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Prenatal Diagnosis and Medical Genetics Program, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Incidental findings on cerebral MRI in twins: the Older Australian Twins Study. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:860-869. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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