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Niu J, Zhu W, Jin X, Teng X, Zhang J. Novel Splicing Variants in the ARR3 Gene Cause the Female-Limited Early-Onset High Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:32. [PMID: 38517428 PMCID: PMC10981162 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.3.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Variants in the ARR3 gene have been linked to early-onset high myopia (eoHM) with a unique X-linked female-limited inheritance. However, the clinical validity of this gene-disease association has not been systematically evaluated. Methods We identified two Chinese families with novel ARR3 splicing variants associated with eoHM. Minigene constructs were generated to assess the effects of the variants on splicing. We integrated previous evidence to curate the clinical validity of ARR3 and eoHM using the ClinGen framework. Results The variants c.39+1G>A and c.100+4A>G were identified in the two families. Minigene analysis showed both variants resulted in abnormal splicing and introduction of premature termination codons. Based on genetic and experimental evidence, the ARR3-eoHM relationship was classified as "definitive." Conclusions Our study identified two novel splicing variants of the ARR3 gene linked to eoHM and confirmed their functional validity via minigene assay. This research expanded the mutational spectrum of ARR3 and confirmed the minigene assay technique as an effective tool for understanding variant effects on splicing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Niu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Weili Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoying Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaoming Teng
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Devi R, Chaurasia S, Priyadarshi M, Singh P, Basu S. Proud Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Corpus Callosum Agenesis. Cureus 2023; 15:e40671. [PMID: 37485122 PMCID: PMC10357128 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is one of the most common congenital brain anomalies with variable associations and outcomes. The incidence of ACC varies from 1.8 per 10,000 live births in normal children to as high as 600 per 10,000 in children with neurodevelopmental problems. Here, we report the case of a female neonate delivered in our institute at term gestation to a gravida 4 mother with partial ACC. The neonate was antenatally diagnosed with ACC. The mother had a previous fetus with a supratentorial cyst that was medically terminated. The neonate had a normal clinical examination, but the ultrasound of the cranium suggested ACC. Given the significant family history, a clinical exome sequencing test revealed a pathogenic frameshift mutation in the ARX gene that causes Proud syndrome. We discuss the relevant points in the diagnosis, workup, and prognosis of ACC through this case. This case highlights the importance of antenatal assessment for timely amniocentesis and a genetic diagnosis to guide the parental decision for continuation of the pregnancy, level 2 scans to detect associated anomalies, and postnatal assessment to determine the cause and prognosis of a neonate with ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Devi
- Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Suman Chaurasia
- Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Mayank Priyadarshi
- Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Poonam Singh
- Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Sriparna Basu
- Neonatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, IND
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Zhou Q, Wang J, Xia L, Li R, Zhang Q, Pan S. SYN1 Mutation Causes X-Linked Toothbrushing Epilepsy in a Chinese Family. Front Neurol 2021; 12:736977. [PMID: 34616357 PMCID: PMC8488375 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.736977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Toothbrushing epilepsy is a rare form of reflex epilepsy (RE) with sporadic incidence. To characterize the genetic profile of reflex epilepsy patients with tooth brushing-induced seizures in a Chinese family. Solo clinical whole-exome sequencing (WES) of the proband, a 37-year-old Chinese man, was performed to characterize the genetic etiology of toothbrushing epilepsy. Mutations in the maternal X-linked synapsin 1 (SYN1) identified in the proband and his family members were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The pathogenicity of these mutations was determined using in silico analysis. The proband had four episodes of toothbrushing-induced seizures. The semiology included nausea, twitching of the right side of the mouth and face, followed by a generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS). The proband's elder maternal uncle had three toothbrushing-induced epileptic seizures at the age of 26. The proband's younger maternal uncle had no history of epileptic seizures but had a learning disability and aggressive tendencies. We identified a deleterious nonsense mutation, c.1807C>T (p.Q603Ter), in exon 12 of the SYN1 gene (NM_006950), which can result in a truncated SYN1 phosphoprotein with altered flexibility and hydropathicity. This novel mutation has not been reported in the 1000G, EVS, ExAC, gnomAD, or HGMD databases. We identified a novel X-linked SYN1 exon 12 mutant gene in a Chinese family with toothbrushing epilepsy. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of this complex form of reflex epilepsy that could potentially be applied in disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiumin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Songqing Pan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Goldstein JM, Cherkerzian S, Seidman LJ, Petryshen TL, Fitzmaurice G, Tsuang MT, Buka SL. Sex-specific rates of transmission of psychosis in the New England high-risk family study. Schizophr Res 2011; 128:150-5. [PMID: 21334180 PMCID: PMC3085650 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent molecular genetic studies have demonstrated X-chromosome abnormalities in the transmission of psychosis, a finding that may contribute to understanding sex differences in the disorder. Using our family high risk paradigm, we tested the hypothesis that there are sex-specific patterns of transmission of psychosis and whether there is specificity comparing nonaffective- with affective-type psychoses. We identified 159 parents with psychoses (schizophrenia psychosis spectrum disorders (SPS, n=59) and affective (AP, n=100)) and 114 comparable, healthy control parents. 203 high risk (HR) and 147 control offspring were diagnostically assessed (185 females; 165 males). We compared the proportion of male:female offspring with psychoses by affected parent sex and the consistency for SPS compared to AP parents, and tested (using exact logistic regression) whether the male:female ratio for affected offspring differed significantly between affected mothers and affected fathers. Risk of psychosis in offspring was a function of the sex of the parent and offspring. Among ill mothers, 18.8% of their male offspring developed psychosis compared with 9.5% of their daughters. In contrast, among ill fathers, 3.1% of their male offspring developed psychosis compared with 15.2% of their daughters. The male:female ratio for affected offspring differed significantly (p < 0.05) between affected mothers and fathers. Similar patterns held for SPS and AP. Results demonstrated sex-specific transmission of psychosis regardless of psychosis-type and suggest X-linked inheritance. This has important implications for molecular genetic studies of psychoses underscoring the impact of one's gender on gene-brain-behavior phenotypes of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Goldstein
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Division of Women's Health, Connors Center for Women's Health and Gender Biology, Boston, MA 02120, USA.
| | - Sara Cherkerzian
- Brigham & Women’s Hospital Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Division of Women’s Health, Connors Center for Women’s Health & Gender Biology, Boston, MA, USA,Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Public Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tracey L Petryshen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Garrett Fitzmaurice
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Public Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,University of California at San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavior Genomics, San Diego, CA, USA,Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Harvard School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen L Buka
- Brown University, Department of Community Health, Providence, RI, USA
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Abstract
Aicardi syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that affects females or rarely males with a 47,XXY karyotype. Therefore, it is thought to be caused by heterozygous defects in an essential X-linked gene or by defects in an autosomal gene with sex-limited expression. Because all reported cases are sporadic with one exception, traditional linkage analysis to identify the mutant gene is not possible, and the de novo mutation rate must be high. As an alternative approach to localize the mutant gene, we screened the DNA of 38 girls with Aicardi syndrome by high-resolution, genome-wide array comparative genomic hybridization for copy number gains and losses. We found 110 copy number variants (CNVs), 97 of which are known, presumably polymorphic, CNVs; 8 have been seen before in unrelated studies in unaffected individuals. Four previously unseen CNVs on autosomes were each inherited from a healthy parent. One subject with Aicardi syndrome had a de novo loss of X-linked copy number in a region without known genes. Detailed analysis of this and flanking regions did not reveal CNVs or mutations in annotated genes in other affected subjects. We conclude that, in this study population of 38 subjects, Aicardi syndrome is not caused by CNVs detectable with the high-resolution array platform that was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - V. Reid Sutton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Tanya Eble
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Richard Alan Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Preethi Gunaratne
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Ankita Patel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ignatia B. Van den Veyver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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