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Wei Q, Yu H, Wang P, Xie J, Dong H, Wu Z, Li H. Biallelic variants in the COQ4 gene caused hereditary spastic paraplegia predominant phenotype. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14529. [PMID: 38013626 PMCID: PMC11017416 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of upper motor neurons. Homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in COQ4 have been reported to cause primary CoQ10 deficiency-7 (COQ10D7), which is a mitochondrial disease. AIMS We aimed to screened COQ4 variants in a cohort of HSP patients. METHODS A total of 87 genetically unidentified HSP index patients and their available family members were recruited. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in all probands. Functional studies were performed to identify the pathogenicity of those uncertain significance variants. RESULTS In this study, five different COQ4 variants were identified in three Chinese HSP pedigrees and two variants were novel, c.87dupT (p.Arg30*), c.304C>T (p.Arg102Cys). More importantly, we firstly described two early-onset pure HSP caused by COQ4 variants. Functional studies in patient-derived fibroblast lines revealed a reduction cellular CoQ10 levels and the abnormal mitochondrial structure. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that bilateral variants in the COQ4 gene caused HSP predominant phenotype, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of the COQ4-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Pei‐Shan Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Juan‐Juan Xie
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hai‐Lin Dong
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhi‐Ying Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Nanhu Brain‐computer Interface InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Hong‐Fu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Shayota BJ. Biomarkers of mitochondrial disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00325. [PMID: 38295557 PMCID: PMC10903091 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders with a wide range of clinical manifestations, most classically resulting in neurological, muscular, and metabolic abnormalities, but having the potential to affect any organ system. Over the years, substantial progress has been made in identifying and characterizing various biomarkers associated with mitochondrial diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of mitochondrial biomarkers based on a literature review and discusses the evidence behind their use in clinical practice. A total of 13 biomarkers were thoroughly reviewed including lactate, pyruvate, lactate:pyruvate ratio, creatine kinase, creatine, amino acid profiles, glutathione, malondialdehyde, GDF-15, FGF-21, gelsolin, neurofilament light-chain, and circulating cell-free mtDNA. Most biomarkers had mixed findings depending on the study, especially when considering their utility for specific mitochondrial diseases versus mitochondrial conditions in general. However, in large biomarker comparison studies, GDF-15 followed by FGF-21, seem to have the greatest value though they are still not perfect. As such, additional studies are needed, especially in light of newer biomarkers that have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Understanding the landscape of biomarkers in mitochondrial diseases is crucial for advancing early detection, improving patient management, and developing targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Shayota
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Abdulkareem AA, Zaman Q, Khan H, Khan S, Rehman G, Tariq N, Ahmad M, Owais M, Najumuddin, Muthaffar OY, Bibi F, Khang R, Ryu SW, Naseer MI, Jelani M. Whole exome sequencing identified five novel variants in CNTN2, CARS2, ARSA, and CLCN4 leading to epilepsy in consanguineous families. Front Genet 2023; 14:1185065. [PMID: 37359369 PMCID: PMC10285458 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1185065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by recurring seizures and fits. The Epilepsy genes can be classified into four distinct groups, based on involvement of these genes in different pathways leading to Epilepsy as a phenotype. Genetically the disease has been associated with various pathways, leading to pure epilepsy-related disorders caused by CNTN2 variations, or involving physical or systemic issues along with epilepsy caused by CARS2 and ARSA, or developed by genes that are putatively involved in epilepsy lead by CLCN4 variations. Methods: In this study, five families of Pakistani origin (EP-01, EP-02, EP-04, EP-09, and EP-11) were included for molecular diagnosis. Results: Clinical presentations of these patients included neurological symptoms such as delayed development, seizures, regression, myoclonic epilepsy, progressive spastic tetraparesis, vision and hearing impairment, speech problems, muscle fibrillation, tremors, and cognitive decline. Whole exome sequencing in index patients and Sanger sequencing in all available individuals in each family identified four novel homozygous variants in genes CARS2: c.655G>A p.Ala219Thr (EP-01), ARSA: c.338T>C: p.Leu113Pro (EP-02), c.938G>T p.Arg313Leu (EP-11), CNTN2: c.1699G>T p.Glu567Ter (EP-04), and one novel hemizygous variant in gene CLCN4: c.2167C>T p.Arg723Trp (EP-09). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge these variants were novel and had not been reported in familial epilepsy. These variants were absent in 200 ethnically matched healthy control chromosomes. Three dimensional protein analyses revealed drastic changes in the normal functions of the variant proteins. Furthermore, these variants were designated as "pathogenic" as per guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics 2015. Due to overlapping phenotypes, among the patients, clinical subtyping was not possible. However, whole exome sequencing successfully pinpointed the molecular diagnosis which could be helpful for better management of these patients. Therefore, we recommend that exome sequencing be performed as a first-line molecular diagnostic test in familial cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angham Abdulrhman Abdulkareem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qaiser Zaman
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Higher Education Department, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sabar Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Tariq
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mashal Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Owais
- Mardan College of Medical Technologies, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Najumuddin
- Programme of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology (FEST), Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Osama Yousef Muthaffar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehmida Bibi
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rin Khang
- 3Billion Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musharraf Jelani
- Rare Diseases Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Omic Sciences, Islamia College, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Wu TH, Peng J, Yang L, Chen YH, Lu XL, Huang JT, You JY, Ou-Yang WX, Sun YY, Xue YN, Mao X, Yan HM, Ren RN, Xie J, Chen ZH, Zhang VW, Lyu GZ, He F. Use of dual genomic sequencing to screen mitochondrial diseases in pediatrics: a retrospective analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4193. [PMID: 36918699 PMCID: PMC10015028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) were a large group multisystem disorders, attributable in part to the dual genomic control. The advent of massively sequencing has improved diagnostic rates and speed, and was increasingly being used as a first-line diagnostic test. Paediatric patients (aged < 18 years) who underwent dual genomic sequencing were enrolled in this retrospective multicentre study. We evaluated the mitochondrial disease criteria (MDC) and molecular diagnostic yield of dual genomic sequencing. Causative variants were identified in 177 out of 503 (35.2%) patients using dual genomic sequencing. Forty-six patients (9.1%) had mitochondria-related variants, including 25 patients with nuclear DNA (nDNA) variants, 15 with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants, and six with dual genomic variants (MT-ND6 and POLG; MT-ND5 and RARS2; MT-TL1 and NARS2; MT-CO2 and NDUFS1; MT-CYB and SMARCA2; and CHRNA4 and MT-CO3). Based on the MDC, 15.2% of the patients with mitochondria-related variants were classified as "unlikely to have mitochondrial disorder". Moreover, 4.5% of the patients with non-mitochondria-related variants and 1.43% with negative genetic tests, were classified as "probably having mitochondrial disorder". Dual genomic sequencing in suspected MDs provided a more comprehensive and accurate diagnosis for pediatric patients, especially for patients with dual genomic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Hui Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Hui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Lu
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao-Tian Huang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie-Yu You
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wen-Xian Ou-Yang
- Department of Hepatopathy, Hunan Children's Hospital, 86 Ziyuan Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue-Yu Sun
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences (GAMS), 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Nan Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, 427 Furong Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Mao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal,, Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, 53 Xiangchun Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Ming Yan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal,, Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, 53 Xiangchun Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong-Na Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The 900Th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95 Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Victor-Wei Zhang
- Amcare Genomics Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gui-Zhen Lyu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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