1
|
Rauf A, Rashid U, Shah ZA, Khalil AA, Shah M, Tufail T, Rehman G, Rahman A, Naz S, Alsahammari A, Alharbi M, Al-Shahrani A, Formanowicz D. Anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties of indanone derivative isolated from Fernandoa adenophylla in vitro and in silico studies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9624. [PMID: 38671030 PMCID: PMC11053151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fernandoa adenophylla, due to the presence of phytochemicals, has various beneficial properties and is used in folk medicine to treat many conditions. This study aimed to isolate indanone derivative from F. adenophylla root heartwood and assess in-vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic characteristics at varying concentrations. Heat-induced hemolysis and glucose uptake by yeast cells assays were conducted to evaluate these properties. Besides, docking analyses were performed on four molecular targets. These studies were combined with molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the time-evolving inhibitory effect of selected inhibitors within the active pockets of the target proteins (COX-1 and COX-2). Indanone derivative (10-100 µM) inhibited the lysis of human red blood cells from 9.12 ± 0.75 to 72.82 ± 4.36% and, at 5-100 µM concentrations, it significantly increased the yeast cells' glucose uptake (5.16 ± 1.28% to 76.59 ± 1.62%). Concluding, the isolated indanone might act as an anti-diabetic agent by interacting with critical amino acid residues of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and it showed a binding affinity with anti-inflammatory targets COX-1, COX-2, and TNF-α. Besides, the obtained results may help to consider the indanone derivative isolated from F. adenophylla as a promising candidate for drug delivery, subject to outcomes of further in vivo and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan.
| | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ali Shah
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shah
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Saima Naz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alsahammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed Al-Shahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory Department, Almadah General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, National Research Institute, Kolejowa 2, 62-064, Plewiska, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmad I, Khan MN, Hayat K, Ahmad T, Shams DF, Khan W, Tirth V, Rehman G, Muhammad W, Elhadi M, Alotaibi A, Shah SK. Investigating the Antibacterial and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Polyol-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles. ACS Omega 2024; 9:13208-13216. [PMID: 38524435 PMCID: PMC10956083 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized by using the polyol method. The structural and morphological characteristics of Ag-NPs were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The XRD analysis revealed the formation of single-phase polycrystalline Ag-NPs with an average crystallite size and lattice constant of ∼23 nm and 4.07 Å, respectively, while the FE-SEM shows the formation of a uniform and spherical morphology. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the formation of single-phase Ag-NPs, and no extra elements were detected. A strong absorption peak at ∼427 nm was observed in the UV-vis spectrum, which reflects the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) behavior characteristic of Ag-NPs with a spherical morphology. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra also supported the XRD and EDX results with regard to the purity of the prepared Ag-NPs. Anti-inflammatory activity was tested using HRBCs membrane stabilization and heat-induced hemolysis assays. The antibacterial activity of Ag-NPs was evaluated against four different types of pathogenic bacteria by using the disc diffusion method (DDM). The Gram-negative bacterial strains used in this study are Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella, Shigella, and Salmonella. The analysis suggested that the antibacterial activities of Ag-NPs have an influential role in inhibiting the growth of the tested Gram-negative bacteria, and thus Ag-NPs can find a potential application in the pharmaceutical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrar Ahmad
- Department
of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Khan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University
Mardan, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khizar Hayat
- Department
of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Department
of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Dilawar Farhan Shams
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan
University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Waliullah Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Vineet Tirth
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Guraiger, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Asir, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department
of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Wazir Muhammad
- Department
of Physics, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Muawya Elhadi
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, P.O. Box 1040, Ad-Dawadimi 11911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afraa Alotaibi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said Karim Shah
- Department
of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zaman Q, Khan J, Ahmad M, Khan H, Chaudhary HT, Rehman G, Rahman OU, Shah MM, Hussain J, Jamal Q, Khan BT, Khan MA, Sadeeda, Sahar K, Idrees M, Ahmad R, Faisal MS, Khan MI, Khisroon M, Abdulkareem AA, Lee E, Ryu SW, Bibi N, Muthaffar OY, Jelani M, Naseer MI. Unveiling genetics of non-syndromic albinism using whole exome sequencing: A comprehensive study of TYR, TYRP1, OCA2 and MC1R genes in 17 families. Gene 2024; 894:147986. [PMID: 37956964 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of skin depigmentation disorders. Clinical presentation of OCA includes defects in melanocyte differentiation, melanin biosynthesis, and melanosome maturation and transport. OBJECTIVES A molecular diagnostics study of families presenting oculocutaneous albinism. METHODS In this study, 17 consanguineous OCA families consisting of 93 patients were investigated. Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) of the index patient in each family were performed. Short listed variants of WES were Sanger validated for Mendelian segregation in obligate carriers and other available family members. Variant prioritization and pathogenicity were classified as per the criteria of American College Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Comparative computational modelling was performed to predict the potential damaging effect of the altered proteins. RESULTS 15 pathogenic variations: c.132 T > A, c.346C > T, c.488C > G, c.1037G > A in TYR, c.1211C > T, c.1441G > A, c.1706_1707insT, c.2020C > G, c.2402G > C, c.2430del, in OCA2, c.1067G > A in TYRP1 and c.451C > T, c.515G > T, c.766C > T, c.917G > A in MC1R genes were identified. Three variants in OCA2 gene were characterized: c.1706_1707insT, c.2430del, and c.2402G > C, all of which were not reported before in OCA families. CONCLUSION A few studies focusing on mutation screening of OCA patients have been reported before; however, this study has uniquely presents the Pakhtun ethnic population residing on the North-Western boarder. It explains that TYR, OCA2, TYRP1, and MC1R variations lead to non-syndromic OCA phenotype The overlapping phenotypes of OCA can precisely be diagnosed for its molecular pathogenicity using WES. This study recommends WES as a first-line molecular diagnostic tool, and provides a basis for developing customized genetic tests i.e. pre-marital screening to reduce the disease burden in the future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Zaman
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand 23050, Pakistan; Higher Education Department, Peshawar 25120, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Jamshid Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand 23050, Pakistan
| | - Mashal Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand 23050, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand 23050, Pakistan; Department of Zoology, Islamia College, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | | | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Obaid Ur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Swat Medical College, Swat 19200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad M Shah
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand 23050, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand 23050, Pakistan
| | - Qaisar Jamal
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Bakht Tareen Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand 23050, Pakistan
| | - Sadeeda
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand 23050, Pakistan
| | - Kalsoom Sahar
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand 23050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand 23050, Pakistan
| | - Raees Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Timergara, Dir Lower 18300, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Khisroon
- Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Angham Abdulrhman Abdulkareem
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Nousheen Bibi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Osama Yousef Muthaffar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musharraf Jelani
- Rare Diseases Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Omic Sciences, Islamia College, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rehman G, Umar M, Shah N, Hamayun M, Ali A, Khan W, Khan A, Ahmad S, Alrefaei AF, Almutairi MH, Moon YS, Ali S. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Azadirachta indica Seeds Extract: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1677. [PMID: 38139804 PMCID: PMC10748007 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable, life-threatening syndrome that is present all over the world. The use of eco-friendly, cost-effective, and green-synthesised nanoparticles as a medicinal therapy in the treatment of DM is an attractive option. OBJECTIVE In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AI-AgNPs) were biosynthesized through the green synthesis method using Azadirachta indica seed extract to evaluate their anti-diabetic potentials. METHODS These nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometers (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), DLS, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The biosynthesized AI-AgNPs and crude extracts of Azadirachta indica seeds were evaluated for anti-diabetic potentials using glucose adsorption assays, glucose uptake by yeast cells assays, and alpha-amylase inhibitory assays. RESULTS Al-AgNPs showed the highest activity (75 ± 1.528%), while crude extract showed (63 ± 2.5%) glucose uptake by yeast at 80 µg/mL. In the glucose adsorption assay, the highest activity of Al-AgNPs was 10.65 ± 1.58%, while crude extract showed 8.32 ± 0.258% at 30 mM, whereas in the alpha-amylase assay, Al-AgNPs exhibited the maximum activity of 73.85 ± 1.114% and crude extract 65.85 ± 2.101% at 100 µg/mL. The assay results of AI-AgNPs and crude showed substantial dose-dependent activities. Further, anti-diabetic potentials were also investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Mice were administered with AI-AgNPs (10 to 40 mg/kg b.w) for 30 days. CONCLUSIONS The results showed a considerable drop in blood sugar levels, including pancreatic and liver cell regeneration, demonstrating that AI-AgNPs have strong anti-diabetic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.U.); (A.A.); (A.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.U.); (A.A.); (A.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (N.S.); (W.K.)
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.U.); (A.A.); (A.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Waliullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (N.S.); (W.K.)
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.U.); (A.A.); (A.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan; (M.U.); (A.A.); (A.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Mikhlid H. Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.A.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Yong-Sun Moon
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rauf A, Aljohny BO, Rashid U, Anwar Y, Shah ZA, Muhammad N, Khalil AA, Khalid A, Rehman G. In vitro anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and in silico studies of Ferruginan A isolated from Olea ferruginea Royle (Oleaceae). Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101868. [PMID: 38033748 PMCID: PMC10682662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Traditionally, Olea ferruginea Royle (Oleaceae) has been used as a painkiller and antidiabetic in various ailments. To provide a scientific background to this folklore the current study was designed to anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of one of the isolated compound from this plant. Methods Ferruginan A was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Olea ferruginea bark. This isolated molecule was subjected to in-vitro anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects using HRBCs and glucose uptake tests. The compound was also tested for molecular docking and ADMET study. Results Regarding the anti-inflammatory effect, the tested compound demonstrated a 69.82 % inhibition at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, while the Ferruginan A (100 µl/mL) increased the uptake of glucose (3.79-71.86 %) in the yeast cell. Similarly, the zone of inhibition values of Ferruginan A (24.98 mm) against Escherichia coli were found to be comparable to standard (Imipenem: 31.09 mm). The mechanism of antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects was explored by using docking simulations performed on four molecular targets related to diabetes and inflammation. The results showed that the isolated compound may act as an antidiabetic agent by inhibiting the 5' Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). While it also showed inhibition of anti-inflammatory targets COX-1, COX-2, and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). The ADMET prediction study revealed that isolated compound possesses favorable ADMET profile. Conclusion It was concluded that Ferruginan A might be a significant anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, 23430 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Bassam Oudh Aljohny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, 22060 Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, 23430 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan
| | - Naveed Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahood Khalid
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rauf A, AlOmar TS, Sarfaraz S, Ayub K, Hussain F, Rashid U, Almasoud N, AlOmar AS, Rehman G, Ahmad Z, Muhammad N, Shah ZA, Formanowicz D. Density functional theory, molecular docking, In vitro and In vivo anti-inflammatory investigation of lapachol isolated from Fernandoaadenophylla. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22575. [PMID: 38046163 PMCID: PMC10686878 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are the main source of active chemical constituents responsible for curing or mitigating various ailments. To discover new, safe, and effective drug candidates the isolation and screening of natural products are essential. In the current research work, lapachol was isolated from Fernandoa adenophylla, which was evaluated for anti-inflammatory effect followed by molecular docking. The isolated compound was tested for anti-inflammatory effects using in vitro (HRBC assay) and in vivo (xylene-induced ear edema) experimental models. Various concentrations of lapachol demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects with a percent potential of 77.96 at 100 μM. Different concentrations of Lapachol demonstrated a dose-dependent anti-edematous effect with a maximum percent effect of 77.9 % at a higher dose. The histopathological study revealed that the application of xylene led to a significant increase in ear thickness, along with clear signs of ear edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as epidermal hyperplasia of the dermis when compared to the control group. However, treatment with the investigated compound showed a significant reduction in ear thickness and pathological differences comparable to those observed in the group treated with diclofenac. Density functional theory calculations are accomplished to gain insight into structural and spectroscopic properties. Geometry optimization, FMO, and MEP analyses are performed. Overall, the molecular docking results indicate that lapachol has potential as a COX inhibitor by binding to the active sites of both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84427, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (K.P.), Pakistan
| | - Taghrid S. AlOmar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84427, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sehrish Sarfaraz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Najla Almasoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84427, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S. AlOmar
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box: 7544, Othman Bin Affan Rd. Al-Nada, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (K.P.), Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar, 23430, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (K.P.), Pakistan
| | - Naveed Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ali Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Agriculture University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Dorota Formanowicz
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zaman Q, Iftikhar A, Rehman G, Khan Q, Najumuddin, Jan A, Khan J, Anas M, Laiba, Umair M, Muthaffar OY, Abdulkareem AA, Bibi F, Naseer MI, Jelani M. Two novel homozygous variants of ATP6V0A2 and ALDH18A1 lead to autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2 and 3 in two Pakistani families. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3522. [PMID: 37119015 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2A (ARCL2A; OMIM: 219200) is characterized by neurovegetative, developmental and progeroid elastic skin anomalies. It is caused by biallelic variation in ATPase, H+ transporting V0 subunit A2 (ATP6V0A2; OMIM: 611716) located on chromosome 12q24.31. Autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 3A (ARCL3A; OMIM: 219150) is another subclinical type characterized by short stature, ophthalmological abnormalities and a progeria-like appearance. The ARCL3A is caused by loss of function alterations in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family member A1 (ALDH18A1; OMIM: 138250) gene located at chromosome 10q24.1. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES), and Sanger sequencing were performed for molecular diagnosis. 3D protein modeling was performed to investigate the deleterious effect of the variant on protein structure. RESULTS In this study, clinical and molecular diagnosis were performed for two families, ED-01 and DWF-41, which displayed hallmark features of ARCL2A and ARCL3A, respectively. Three affected individuals in the ED-01 family (IV-4, IV-5 and V-3) displayed sagging loose skin, down-slanting palpebral fissures, excessive wrinkles on the abdomen, hands and feet, and prominent veins on the trunk. Meanwhile the affected individuals in the DWF-41 family (V-2 and V-3) had progeroid skin, short stature, dysmorphology, low muscle tone, epilepsy, lordosis, scoliosis, delayed puberty and internal genitalia. WES in the index patient (ED-01: IV-4) identified a novel homozygous deletion (NM_012463.3: c.1977_1980del; p.[Val660LeufsTer23]) in exon 16 of the ATP6V0A2 while in DWF-41 a novel homozygous missense variant (NM_001323413.1:c.1867G>A; p.[Asp623Asn]) in exon 15 of the ALDH18A1 was identified. Sanger validation in all available family members confirmed the autosomal recessive modes of inheritances in each family. Three dimensional in-silico protein modeling suggested deleterious impact of the identified variants. Furthermore, these variants were assigned class 1 or "pathogenic" as per guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics 2015. Screening of ethnically matched healthy controls (n = 200 chromosomes), excluded the presence of these variations in general population. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ATP6V0A2 and ALDH18A1 variations in the Pakhtun ethnicity of Pakistani population. The study confirms that WES can be used as a first-line diagnostic test in patients with cutis laxa, and provides basis for population screening and premarital testing to reduce the diseases burden in future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Zaman
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Dargai, Pakistan
- Higher Education Department, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Aiman Iftikhar
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Dargai, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Qadeem Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Dargai, Pakistan
| | - Najumuddin
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amin Jan
- Department of Physiology, North-West School of Medicine Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jamshid Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Dargai, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anas
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Dargai, Pakistan
| | - Laiba
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Dargai, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Osama Yousef Muthaffar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Angham Abdulrhman Abdulkareem
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehmida Bibi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musharraf Jelani
- Rare Diseases Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Omic Sciences, Islamia College Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
S AlOmar T, Rauf A, Rashid U, Sarfaraz S, Ayub K, Hussain F, Almasoud N, S AlOmar A, Rehman G, Ahmad Z, Muhammad N, Ali Shah Z. Molecular docking, DFT studies, and anti-inflammatory evaluation of peshawaraquinone isolated from Fernandoa adenophylla. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37707992 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2258402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring natural compounds with anti-inflammatory properties for potential therapeutic applications. This study focuses on investigating the anti-inflammatory potential of peshawaraquinone (PAQ), a compound isolated from Fernandoa adenophylla, which is known for its local use in pain relief. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of peshawaraquinone in both in vitro and in vivo models and gain insights into its mode of action. In the in vitro Human red blood cell (HRBC) assay, various concentrations of peshawaraquinone were tested for their ability to inhibit the hemolysis of red blood cells, a well-established indicator of anti-inflammatory activity. The results demonstrated a maximum percent inhibition of 79.69 at a concentration of 100 µM, indicating significant anti-inflammatory potential. Furthermore, the in vivo xylene-induced ear edema model was employed to assess the compound's efficacy in reducing inflammation. Xylene was topically applied to the ear to induce edema, and peshawaraquinone was administered to evaluate its inhibitory effects. The findings revealed a substantial 74.19% reduction in ear edema, accompanied by decreased ear thickness and histopathological improvements, such as inhibited cell infiltration and epidermal hyperplasia. To gain further insights into the compound's mechanism of action, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate its spectroscopic characteristics and geometric properties. Additionally, docking studies were conducted on key targets involved in inflammation, including COX-1 and COX-2. In conclusion, this study showcases the significant anti-inflammatory potential of peshawaraquinone, offering promising prospects for its use as a natural anti-inflammatory agent. The results from both in vitro and in vivo models, as well as the mechanistic insights gained from computational analyses, provide a solid basis for further exploration of peshawaraquinone's therapeutic applications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taghrid S AlOmar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Umer Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Sarfaraz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Najla Almasoud
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S AlOmar
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Ali Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Agriculture University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ali A, Obaid MK, Almutairi MM, Alouffi A, Numan M, Ullah S, Rehman G, Islam ZU, Khan SB, Tanaka T. Molecular detection of Coxiella spp. in ticks (Ixodidae and Argasidae) infesting domestic and wild animals: with notes on the epidemiology of tick-borne Coxiella burnetii in Asia. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1229950. [PMID: 37577446 PMCID: PMC10415105 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1229950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne Coxiella spp. are emerging in novel regions infecting different hosts, but information regarding their occurrence is limited. The purpose of this study was the molecular screening of Coxiella spp. in various ticks infesting goats, sheep, camels, cattle, wild mice, and domestic fowls (Gallus gallus domesticus) in various districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Morphologically identified tick species were confirmed by obtaining their cox1 sequences and were molecularly screened for Coxiella spp. by sequencing GroEL fragments. Almost 345 out of 678 (50.9%) hosts were infested by nine tick species. Regarding the age groups, the hosts having an age >3 years were highly infested (192/345, 55.6%), while gender-wise infestation was higher in female hosts (237/345, 68.7%). In collected ticks, the nymphs were outnumbered (613/1,119, 54.8%), followed by adult females (293/1,119, 26.2%) and males (213/1,119, 19.7%). A total of 227 ticks were processed for molecular identification and detection of Coxiella spp. The obtained cox1 sequences of nine tick species such as Hyalomma dromedarii, Hyalomma anatolicum, Haemaphysalis cornupunctata, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Haemaphysalis danieli, Haemaphysalis montgomeryi, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, Rhipicephalus microplus, and Argas persicus showed maximum identities between 99.6% and 100% with the same species and in the phylogenetic tree, clustered to the corresponding species. All the tick species except Ha. danieli and R. microplus were found positive for Coxiella spp. (40/227, 17.6%), including Coxiella burnetii (15/40, 6.7%), Coxiella endosymbionts (14/40, 6.3%), and different Coxiella spp. (11/40, 4.9%). By the BLAST results, the GroEL fragments of Coxiella spp. showed maximum identity to C. burnetii, Coxiella endosymbionts, and Coxiella sp., and phylogenetically clustered to the corresponding species. This is the first comprehensive report regarding the genetic characterization of Coxiella spp. in Pakistan's ticks infesting domestic and wild hosts. Proper surveillance and management measures should be undertaken to avoid health risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Obaid
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mashal M. Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alouffi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Numan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shafi Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khattak I, Yen WL, Usman T, Nasreen N, Khan A, Ahmad S, Rehman G, Khan K, Said MB, Chen CC. Individual and Community-Level Risk Factors for Giardiasis in Children under Five Years of Age in Pakistan: A Prospective Multi-Regional Study. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:1087. [PMID: 37371318 DOI: 10.3390/children10061087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Giardia lamblia infection and identify associated risk factors at both individual and community levels in a pediatric population in different agroecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to December 2022. Using stratified sampling, 1026 households were recruited from nine agroecological zones. Stool samples were collected from 1026 children up to the age of five years and processed for detection of Giardia using a commercial ELISA kit. Data on potential risk factors were collected using a pre-structured questionnaire. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated with giardiasis. RESULTS The study found that the prevalence of giardiasis in the study area was 3.31%. Children aged 13-24 months were found to be at higher risk for giardiasis. Illiterate mothers and fathers attending daycare institutions/kindergartens, mothers not practicing hand washing during critical times, households with companion animals, and homes where stray dogs/cats enter were identified as predictors of giardiasis at the individual level. Children living in sub-mountain valleys use un-piped water, inadequate domestic water storage vessels, drink un-boiled or unfiltered water, live near rubbish heaps or un-paved streets/pathways, and have unimproved latrine facilities were identified as risk factors of giardiasis at the community level. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the need for integrated intervention approaches at both individual and community levels to reduce the incidence of giardiasis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Interventions aimed at promoting behavioral change and providing safe and adequate water sources, combined with individual-level interventions such as hand washing and awareness of giardiasis prevention methods, would be critical to addressing this health concern. Inter-sectoral collaboration between the health sector and other sectors would also be necessary to achieve meaningful progress in reducing the incidence of giardiasis in resource-limited areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Khattak
- College of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Wen-Lan Yen
- Department of Pediatrics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Tahir Usman
- College of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Nasreen Nasreen
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Adil Khan
- Department of Zoology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda 24540, Pakistan
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L1E4, Canada
| | - Saghir Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Khurshaid Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ali A, Shah MIA, Fu C, Hussain Z, Qureshi MN, Farman S, Parveen Z, Zada A, Nayab S, Fazil P, Ateeq M, Rehman G, Naeem M, Ibrahim M, Khan M, Khan W. Dihydropyrazole Derivatives Act as Potent α-Amylase Inhibitors and Free Radical Scavengers: Synthesis, Bioactivity Evaluation, Structure-Activity Relationship, ADMET, and Molecular Docking Studies. ACS Omega 2023; 8:20412-20422. [PMID: 37332823 PMCID: PMC10268634 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Dihydropyrazole (1-22) derivatives were synthesized from already synthesized chalcones. The structures of all of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis and various spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were screened against α amylase as well as investigated for antioxidant activities. The synthesized compounds demonstrate good to excellent antioxidant activities with IC50 values ranging between 30.03 and 913.58 μM. Among the 22 evaluated compounds, 11 compounds exhibit excellent activity relative to the standard ascorbic acid IC50 = 287.30 μM. Interestingly, all of the evaluated compounds show good to excellent α amylase activity with IC50 values lying in the range between 0.5509 and 810.73 μM as compared to the standard acarbose IC50 = 73.12 μM. Among the investigated compounds, five compounds demonstrate better activity compared to the standard. In order to investigate the binding interactions of the evaluated compounds with amylase protein, molecular docking studies were conducted, which show an excellent docking score as compared to the standard. Furthermore, the physiochemical properties, drug likeness, and ADMET were investigated, and it was found that none of the compounds violate Lipiniski's rule of five, which shows that this class of compounds has enough potential to be used as a drug candidate in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Chaoping Fu
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Zubair Hussain
- National
Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Saira Farman
- Department
of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Zahida Parveen
- Department
of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Amir Zada
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Saira Nayab
- Department
of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal 18050, Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan
| | - Perveen Fazil
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ateeq
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department
of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Naeem
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Ibrahim
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Momin Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Waliullah Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abdulkareem AA, Zaman Q, Khan H, Khan S, Rehman G, Tariq N, Ahmad M, Owais M, Najumuddin, Muthaffar OY, Bibi F, Khang R, Ryu SW, Naseer MI, Jelani M. Whole exome sequencing identified five novel variants in CNTN2, CARS2, ARSA, and CLCN4 leading to epilepsy in consanguineous families. Front Genet 2023; 14:1185065. [PMID: 37359369 PMCID: PMC10285458 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1185065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by recurring seizures and fits. The Epilepsy genes can be classified into four distinct groups, based on involvement of these genes in different pathways leading to Epilepsy as a phenotype. Genetically the disease has been associated with various pathways, leading to pure epilepsy-related disorders caused by CNTN2 variations, or involving physical or systemic issues along with epilepsy caused by CARS2 and ARSA, or developed by genes that are putatively involved in epilepsy lead by CLCN4 variations. Methods: In this study, five families of Pakistani origin (EP-01, EP-02, EP-04, EP-09, and EP-11) were included for molecular diagnosis. Results: Clinical presentations of these patients included neurological symptoms such as delayed development, seizures, regression, myoclonic epilepsy, progressive spastic tetraparesis, vision and hearing impairment, speech problems, muscle fibrillation, tremors, and cognitive decline. Whole exome sequencing in index patients and Sanger sequencing in all available individuals in each family identified four novel homozygous variants in genes CARS2: c.655G>A p.Ala219Thr (EP-01), ARSA: c.338T>C: p.Leu113Pro (EP-02), c.938G>T p.Arg313Leu (EP-11), CNTN2: c.1699G>T p.Glu567Ter (EP-04), and one novel hemizygous variant in gene CLCN4: c.2167C>T p.Arg723Trp (EP-09). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge these variants were novel and had not been reported in familial epilepsy. These variants were absent in 200 ethnically matched healthy control chromosomes. Three dimensional protein analyses revealed drastic changes in the normal functions of the variant proteins. Furthermore, these variants were designated as "pathogenic" as per guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics 2015. Due to overlapping phenotypes, among the patients, clinical subtyping was not possible. However, whole exome sequencing successfully pinpointed the molecular diagnosis which could be helpful for better management of these patients. Therefore, we recommend that exome sequencing be performed as a first-line molecular diagnostic test in familial cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angham Abdulrhman Abdulkareem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qaiser Zaman
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Higher Education Department, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sabar Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Tariq
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mashal Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Government Postgraduate College Dargai, Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Owais
- Mardan College of Medical Technologies, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Najumuddin
- Programme of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Science and Technology (FEST), Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Osama Yousef Muthaffar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fehmida Bibi
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rin Khang
- 3Billion Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musharraf Jelani
- Rare Diseases Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Omic Sciences, Islamia College, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ali A, Waqar M, Akram A, Rafique S, Rehman G, Idrees M, Halim SA, Waqas M, Uddin J, Gojayev A, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2: Insights into the epidemiology of the pandemic. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1256-1261. [PMID: 37300952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and disease symptoms in Malakand, Pakistan. MATERIALS & METHOD 623 samples with suspected SARS-CoV-2 were collected from different regions of Malakand and analyzed to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using ELISA. RESULTS 306 (49.1%) 0 f 623 patients were anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG reactive, with a higher prevalence in males (75%) than females (25%). In this study, we enrolled two groups, subjects working in a non-medical setting and subjects working in a medical setting. Clinical symptoms were statistically linked with SARS-CoV-2. Four weeks of follow-up analysis of IgG titers in health care workers showed an increase in IgG antibodies titer. CONCLUSION This study gives insights into the community-based spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, associated immunity, and herd immunity in the studied population. This study can provide insights to the government about early vaccination of this population as most of the population is not yet vaccinated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqar
- Genome Centre for Molecular Based Diagnostics & Research (GCMBDR) Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Biotechnology Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Akram
- Molecular Virology laboratory Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Division of Molecular Virology, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Category-D Hospital Talash Dir Lower, Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Genome Centre for Molecular Based Diagnostics & Research (GCMBDR) Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Division of Molecular Virology, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan; Vice Chancellor of University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-Al-Mou, 616, PO Box 33, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-Al-Mou, 616, PO Box 33, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Jalal Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anar Gojayev
- School of Education, General Education Program, ADA University, Ahmadbey Aghaoghlu str. 11, Baku AZ1008, Azerbaijan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-Al-Mou, 616, PO Box 33, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-Al-Mou, 616, PO Box 33, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rahman A, Rehman G, Shah N, Hamayun M, Ali S, Ali A, Shah SK, Khan W, Shah MIA, Alrefaei AF. Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Tribulus terrestris Seeds: Revealed Promising Antidiabetic Potentials. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104203. [PMID: 37241943 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis is the most effective and environmentally friendly way to produce nanoparticles. The present research aimed at the biosynthesizing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Tribulus terrestris seed extract as the reducing and stabilizing agent and investigating their anti-diabetic properties. Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy were used to analyze the synthesized silver nanoparticles from Tribulus terrestris (TT-AgNPs). The spectroscopic characterization revealed a surface Plasmon resonance band at 380 nm, which verified the development of TT-AgNPs. The transmittance peaks were observed at 596, 1450, 1631, 2856, 2921, and 3422 cm-1 through the FTIR spectrophotometer. The XRD spectrum showed four distinct diffraction peaks in the 2θ range at 20° to 60°. Intense peaks were at 26.32°, 30.70°, 44.70°, 56.07°, 53.75°, 66.28°, and 75.32°. The SEM analysis revealed that the prepared TT-AgNPs were clustered loosely with a smooth and spherical structure and were of relatively uniform size. The in vitro antidiabetic potential of TT-AgNPs was assessed by using glucose yeast uptake, glucose adsorption, and alpha-amylase assays. TT-AgNPs showed the highest activity (78.45 ± 0.84%) of glucose uptake by yeast at 80 µg/mL. In the glucose adsorption assay, the highest activity of TT-AgNPs was 10.40 ± 0.52% at 30 mM, while in the alpha-amylase assay, TT-AgNPs exhibited the maximum activity of 75.68 ± 0.11% at 100 µg/mL. The results indicate a substantial anti-diabetic effect of the TT-AgNPs. Furthermore, the in vivo antidiabetic study was performed on TT-AgNPs in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. After receiving TT-AgNPs treatment for 30 days, the mice were sacrificed for biochemical and histological analyses of pancreatic and liver samples, which demonstrated a good improvement when compared to the control group. Mice treated with TT-AgNPs showed a significant drop in blood sugar levels, showing that the biosynthesized TT-AgNPs have effective anti-diabetic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rahman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Said Karim Shah
- Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Waliullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ullah S, Alouffi A, Almutairi MM, Islam N, Rehman G, Ul Islam Z, Ahmed H, Júnior IDSV, Labruna MB, Tanaka T, Ali A. First Report of Rickettsia conorii in Hyalomma kumari Ticks. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091488. [PMID: 37174525 PMCID: PMC10177544 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a vector of wide range of pathogenic agents, ticks pose health threats to wild and domestic animals, and humans. Information is unavailable about the prevalence and spatial survey of Hyalomma kumari ticks and associated Rickettsia spp. in Pakistan. Concerning this knowledge gap, the present study aimed to molecularly detect Rickettsia species associated with H. kumari infesting small ruminants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. A total of 409 H. kumari ticks were collected from 163/295 infested hosts with an infestation rate of 55.25%. A total of 204 females, 158 males, and 47 nymphs were collected. Goats were heavily infested by 224 ticks having an infestation rate of 58.33% (98/168), whereas sheep were infested by 185 ticks having a lesser infestation rate of 51.18% (65/127). Genomic DNA extracted from ticks was used for the amplification of tick (cox I, 16S rRNA, ITS-2) species and Rickettsia (gltA, ompA, and ompB) partial genes. Eighty-three ticks were subjected to PCR, and 8/83 (9.6%) were found positive for rickettsial agents. The cox I and 16S rRNA sequences of H. kumari showed 98.90-99.74% identity with H. kumari sequences reported from Pakistan, and phylogenetically clustered to the corresponding species reported from Pakistan and India. The obtained rickettsial gltA, ompA, and ompB sequences showed 100% identity with Rickettsia sp. of the Rickettsia conorii reported from Pakistan. In the phylogenetic trees, rickettsial sequences clustered with uncharacterized Rickettsia sp. from Pakistan and R. conorii from Israel, Russia, South Africa, and India. The present molecular based detection of H. kumari-associated R. conorii will facilitate effective surveillance in the region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shafi Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz Alouffi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashal M Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabila Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Itabajara da Silva Vaz Júnior
- Centro de Biotecnologia and Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Marcelo B Labruna
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arshad F, Ali A, Rehman G, Halim SA, Waqas M, Khalid A, Abdalla AN, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Comparative Expression Analysis of Breakpoint Cluster Region-Abelson Oncogene in Leukemia Patients. ACS Omega 2023; 8:5975-5982. [PMID: 36816652 PMCID: PMC9933183 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Leukemia is a proliferative disorder of myeloid and lymphoid cells that may lead to death. Different types of leukemia have been reported, and several genetic and environmental factors are involved in their development. The Philadelphia chromosome causes the most common mutation known as breakpoint cluster region-Abelson oncogene (BCR-ABL1), which shows abnormal protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity. Basically, this activity is accountable for activating multiple pathways, including the inhibition of cell differentiation, controlled proliferation, and cell death. As a result of the absence of kinase activity, this mutation leads to the uncontrolled proliferation of leukocytes, causing chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). This study aimed to evaluate the level of BCR-ABL1 expression in patients with these types of leukemias through qPCR. In brief, PBMCs were isolated from blood samples of patients, RNA was extracted from PBMCs, cDNA was synthesized, and the transcript levels of BCR-ABL1 in patients with each type of leukemia were determined by qPCR. The clinical, demographical, and experimental data were analyzed among CML, AML, and ALL patients. Results: The BCR-ABL1 expression levels are variable in all studied groups and are 90, 30-35, and 1-2.5% in CML, ALL, and AML, respectively. Demographic characteristics such as gender, BMI, age, family history, and clinical parameters along with CBC are also associated with the prevalence and diagnosis of leukemia. In a comparative expression analysis, the expression of BCR-ABL1 is onefold high in AML, but four- and sevenfold high in ALL and CML, respectively, as compared with normal levels. Conclusions: In this study, a significant difference was observed in the expression levels of BCR-ABL1 between CML (p = 0.0043) and ALL (p = 0.0006) and between CML and AML groups, and a high expression of BCR-ABL1 was noted in CML as compared with ALL and AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah Arshad
- Molecular
Virology Laboratory Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore54590, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Molecular
Virology Laboratory Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Bank Road Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore54590, Pakistan
- Department
of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra21120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- District
Medical Specialist Category-D Hospital Talash Dir Lower, Lower Dir23120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Birkat-Al-Mouz, 616, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa616, Sultanate of
Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department
of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra21120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Birkat-Al-Mouz, 616, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa616, Sultanate of
Oman
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance
Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan
University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan45142, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box 2404, Khartoum11111, Sudan
| | - Ashraf N. Abdalla
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Birkat-Al-Mouz, 616, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa616, Sultanate of
Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural
and Medical Sciences Research Center, University
of Nizwa, Birkat-Al-Mouz, 616, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa616, Sultanate of
Oman
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zahoor S, Sheraz S, Shams DF, Rehman G, Nayab S, Shah MIA, Ateeq M, Shah SK, Ahmad T, Shams S, Khan W. Biosynthesis and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Senecio chrysanthemoides. Biomed Res Int 2023; 2023:3280708. [PMID: 37082193 PMCID: PMC10113057 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3280708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has recently appeared as an important study subject in modern material sciences. Greener synthesis of nanoparticles has gained the attention of many scientists because of its integral characteristics such as effectiveness, eco-friendly, and low cost. In the present study by following the green synthesis approach, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were formed for the very first time by using Senecio chrysanthemoides leaf extract as a reducing agent. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to study the synthesized ZnO NPs, and the specific peak was found to be at 349 nm. The characteristic Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) peak was found to be at 449 cm-1 which displays the peak of ZnO molecules. The surface morphology of the ZnO NPs was determined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) study showed that the synthesized ZnO NPs are present at the weight percentage of 66.38%. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum confirmed the hexagonal phase wurtzite structure, with the average particle size of 31 nm, and demonstrated the crystalline structure of ZnO NPs. Additionally, to all these experiments, we compared the anti-inflammatory properties of biogenic ZnO NPs to a standard drug. Biosynthesized ZnO NPs have revealed an effective anti-inflammatory activity at a higher concentration (100 mL-1) and showed 73% inhibition in comparison with diclofenac sodium drug. Zinc oxide was shown to be compatible with diclofenac sodium, according to the results. The ZnO NPs produced using the greener synthesis process have the potential to be used in a broad range of fields and also used as a good anti-inflammatory agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Sheraz
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Dilawar Farhan Shams
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Saira Nayab
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir (U), Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ateeq
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Said Karim Shah
- Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sulaiman Shams
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Waliullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saman S, Chen CC, Malak N, Khan A, Nasreen N, Khan A, Niaz S, Rehman G, Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Cossío-Bayúgar R. Ethanolic Extracts of Datura innoxia Have Promising Acaricidal Activity against Rhipicephalus microplus as It Blocks the Glutathione S-Transferase Activity of the Target Tick. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:genes14010118. [PMID: 36672859 PMCID: PMC9859338 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus is a major bovine ectoparasite that negatively impacts the cattle industry. The acaricidal activity of Datura innoxia ethanolic plant extract against R. microplus, compared with trichlorfon, was examined using the adult immersion test (AIT), and larval packet test (LPT). In vitro acaricidal activity of the selected plant extract against R. microplus engorged females was evaluated at different concentrations (2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/mL), and was the same for AIT and LPT. It was further supported by in silico molecular docking of D. innoxia's 21 phytochemicals against the R. microplus Glutathione S-transferases (RmGST) protein's three-dimensional (3D) structure predicted by the trRosetta server. The modeled 3D structure was then evaluated and confirmed with PROCHECK, ERRAT, and Verify3D online servers. To predict the binding mechanisms of these compounds, molecular docking was performed using Auto dock Vina software, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were used to investigate the protein atom's dynamic motion. D. innoxia has a relatively higher inhibitory effect on oviposition (from 9.81% to 45.37%) and total larval mortality (42.33% at 24 h and 93.67% at 48 h) at 40 mg/mL. Moreover, the docking results showed that the chemicals norapoatropine and 7-Hydroxyhyoscyamine have strong interactions with active site residues of the target protein, with a docking score of -7.3 and -7.0 Kcal/mol, respectively. The current work also provided a computational basis for the inhibitors of Glutathione S-transferases that were studied in this research work, and this new knowledge should aid in creating new and effective acaricidal chemicals. Furthermore, this plant extract's acaricide activity and its effect on oviposition and larval mortality were established in this work for the first time, indicating the possible use of this extract in the management of ticks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saman Saman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Nosheen Malak
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Afshan Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Nasreen Nasreen
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Adil Khan
- Department of Zoology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda 24631, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Sadaf Niaz
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Roger I. Rodriguez-Vivas
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar
- Departamento de Artropodología, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Disciplinarias en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Boulevard Cuauhnahuac No. 8534, Jiutepec 62574, Morelos, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aziz L, Hamayun M, Rauf M, Iqbal A, Husssin A, Khan SA, Shafique M, Arif M, Ahmad A, Rehman G, Ali S, Kang SM, Lee IJ. Aspergillus violaceofuscus alleviates cadmium and chromium stress in Okra through biochemical modulation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273908. [PMID: 36240136 PMCID: PMC9565449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi from the Chilli were used to help okra plants exposed to cadmium (Cd) or chromium (Cr) stress. Initially, the strain Ch06 produced higher amounts of indole acetic acid (IAA) (230.5 μg/mL), sugar (130.7 μg/mL), proteins (128.2 μg/mL), phenolics (525.6 μg/mL) and flavonoids (98.4 μg/mL) in Czapek broth supplemented with Cd or Cr. The production of IAA and other metabolites in such a higher concentration suggested that Ch06 might improve plant growth under heavy metal stress. For this reason, an experiment was designed, in which biomass of Ch06 (at 2g/100g of sand) were applied to the okra plants exposed to Cd or Cr stress (at 100 or 500 μg/g). The results exhibited that Ch06 improved the total chlorophyll (36.4±0.2 SPAD), shoot length (22.6±0.2 cm), root length (9.1±0.6 cm), fresh weight (5±0.6 g), dry weight (1.25±0.01 g), sugars (151.6 μg/g), proteins (114.8 μg/g), proline (6.7 μg/g), flavonoids (37.9 μg/g), phenolics (70.7 μg/g), IAA (106.7 μg/g), catalase (0.75 enzyme units/g tissue) and ascorbic acid oxidaze (2.2 enzyme units/g tissue) of the associated okra plants. Similar observations have been recorded in Ch06 associated okra plants under Cd and Cr stress. Also, Ch06 association reduced translocation of Cd (35% and 45%) and Cr (47% and 53%) to the upper parts of the okra plants and thus reduced their toxicity. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region amplification of 18S rDNA (ribosomal deoxyribo nucleic acid) exhibited that the potent strain Ch06 was Aspergillus violaceofuscus. The results implied that A. violaceofuscus has the ability to promote host species growth exposed to Cd and Cr. Moreover, it helped the host plants to recover in Cd and Cr polluted soils, hence can be used as biofertilizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila Aziz
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (IL); (MH)
| | - Mamoona Rauf
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Husssin
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Afzal Khan
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Shafique
- Department of Microbiology, Federal Urdu University of Art, Science & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeumgnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (IL); (MH)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rehman G, Sardar S, Alkhateeb MA, Mohamed RAEH, Al Galil FMA, Hamayun M, Shahjeer K, Iqbal T, Ahmed N, Nawaz T, Ullah R. Evaluation of Functional and Bioactive Properties of Crude Gill Extract of
Tor putitora
using Different Assays. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Sumbal Sardar
- Department of Zoology Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Mariam Abdulaziz Alkhateeb
- Department of Biology College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed
- Department of Biology College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Kiran Shahjeer
- Department of Zoology Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Toheed Iqbal
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of crop protection sciences The University of Agriculture Peshawar‐Khyber Pakhtunkhwa‐ Pakistan
| | - Nazeer Ahmed
- Department of Agriculture University of Swabi Anbar 23561 Swabi‐Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Taufiq Nawaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology The University of Agriculture Peshawar 25130 Pakistan
| | - Rafi Ullah
- Department of Agriculture University of Swabi Anbar 23561 Swabi‐Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gul S, Khan K, Sajjad M, Jamal M, Ullah M, Rehman G, Ali A. Spatial Distribution, Seasonal Abundance and Physio-Chemical Assessment of Mosquito Larval Breeding Sites in Mardan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2022; 16:34-44. [PMID: 36636243 PMCID: PMC9807844 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v16i1.11190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are haemotophagus insects and are vectors of many arthropod-borne diseases. Present study aimed to explore species composition, seasonal abundance, spatial distribution and physio-chemical properties of larval breeding sites of mosquitoes in District Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methods Both adults and larvae of mosquitoes were collected through light traps, insecticide spray, mouth aspirator and larval standard dipping method in District Mardan from May to November 2017. Water samples from larval sites were physio-chemically analysed. Results 5078 (3704 adults and 1374 larvae) mosquito specimens were collected in Mardan, Katlang and Takhtbhai tehsils. Six species in four genera were reported. Culex pipiens (89.80%) and Armigeres subalbatus (9.20%) were the most abundant species. Diversity was high in Takhtbhai (0.29) followed by Katlang (0.28) and Mardan (0.25). Greater number of specimens were recorded in peridomestic sites (93.97%) as compared to domestic habitats (6.03%). Culex pipiens larval abundance had negative correlation with pH whereas it correlated positively with electric conductivity, salinity, and TDS (total dissolved sulphur). Mosquito abundance peaked in August and July while the lowest was in May. Their monthly abundance had positive correlation with rainfall (r= 0.5069), relative humidity (r= 0.4439) and mean minimum temperature (r= 0.2866). Number of mosquitoes was highest at low elevation < 347m asl (above sea level) in agriculture land and near to water bodies (streams). Conclusion Culex pipiens being the most abundant species, was susceptible to high pH. Mosquitoes preferred habitats were at low elevation in agriculture land.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gul
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khurshaid Khan
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan,Corresponding author: Dr Khurshaid Khan,
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhsin Jamal
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mujeeb Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Islamia College University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rehman G, Khattak I, Hamayun M, Rahman A, Haseeb M, Umar M, Ali S, Iftikhar M, Shams WA, Pervaiz R. Impacts of mining on local fauna of wildlife in District Mardan & District Mohmand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e251733. [PMID: 34932632 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.251733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mining is vital for human sustenance and a crucial sector in the state economy. However, its impacts on the environment and biodiversity cannot be underestimated. Which are potent to the attract government's attention. Environment and wildlife are subject to the harmful impacts of mining and its related activities. In this study, districts, namely Mardan and Mohmand have been targeted with respect to mining impacts. The assessment was carried out on wildlife adversely affected by the mining sector. The fauna has been keenly observed to bring the calculated risks and threat perception of the regional wildlife. Total 9 species of mammals, 21 species of birds, were recorded in District Mardan. While in District Mohmand 2 species of mammals, 9 species of birds, and 4 species of reptiles were studied. The Study explored that mining primarily responsible for land degradation. Which lead to food and agriculture losses. Several other factors like blasting, pollution, hunting, deforestation, habitat loss was also observed. Deforestation surfaced one of the major causes for extinction of fauna in the said region. preemptive measures are needed to seize the man-made catastrophe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Rehman
- Department of Zoology Abdul Wali Khan, University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - I Khattak
- College of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences Abdul Wali Khan, University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - M Hamayun
- Department of Botany Abdul Wali Khan, University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - A Rahman
- Department of Zoology Abdul Wali Khan, University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - M Haseeb
- Department of Zoology Abdul Wali Khan, University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - M Umar
- Department of Zoology Abdul Wali Khan, University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - S Ali
- Department of Zoology Abdul Wali Khan, University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - M Iftikhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, KP, Pakistan
| | - W A Shams
- Department of Zoology Abdul Wali Khan, University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - R Pervaiz
- Department of Zoology Abdul Wali Khan, University Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shams WA, Rehman G, Onoja SO, Ali A, Khan K, Niaz S. In vitro antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the ethanol extract of Uromastyx hardwickii skin. TROP J PHARM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v18i10.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the in vitro antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of the ethanol extract of Uromastyx hardwickii Skin (UHSEE).
Methods: The in vitro effects of UHSEE at various concentrations (10 - 250 µg/mL) on the activities of ߙ-amylase, ߙ-glucosidase and glucose uptake by yeast cells were used to evaluate its antidiabetic potential. Nitric oxide (NO), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide inhibitory assay were employed to determine its antioxidant effects, while the anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay.
Results: UHSEE inhibited ߙ-amylase and ߙ-glucosidase enzymes but increased glucose uptake by yeast cells in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). It also inhibited NO, DPPH, hydrogen peroxide and HRBC hemolysis in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Uromastyx hardwickii skin exhibits promising good antidiabetic, antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties in vitro. However, its true potentials in this regard needs to be evaluted in vivo.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rehman G, Gul N, Khan GN, Zaman K, Anwar Z, Kakakhel MA. Ethanolic extract of Allacanthos crab inhibits cancer cell proliferation, posses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials. Gene Reports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
25
|
Khan M, Khan S, Salar U, Khan KM, Rehman G, Gul N, Khan I. Biology-oriented Drug Synthesis (BIODS), Structural Characterization and Bioactivities of Novel Albendazole Derivatives. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190221163641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Albendazole is a drug, belongs to the family of benzimidazole, and used as an anthelmintic agent in both human and veterinary medicine. It is marketed as Albenza which is used for the treatment of a variety of parasitic worm infestations such as roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes. In recent past, we have reported various classes of compounds as anti-glycating agents, in continuation of Biology-oriented Drug Synthesis (BIODS), seventeen albendazole derivatives 2-18 were synthesized evaluated for yeast glucose uptake activity.Methods:In the present study, Albendazole (2 g, 7.5 mmol), potassium hydroxide (3 g) were dissolved in ethanol (50 mL) into a 250 mL round-bottomed flask and refluxed for 48 h. TLC (ethyl acetate: hexane, 6:4) was monitored in order to check the reaction progress. After completion, the reaction mixture was dried under air and washed with an excess of distilled water. Precipitates were dried and crystallized from ethanol. The product was characterized by EI-MS and 1H-NMR.Results:Our present study showed that all compounds showed a varying degree of yeast glucose uptake activity ranging between IC50 = 51.41-258.40 µM, compared with standard metronidazole (IC50 = 41.86 ± 0.09 µM). This study has identified a series of potential leads for anti-glycating agents.Conclusion:Biology-oriented drug synthesis and in vitro yeast glucose uptake activity of albendazole derivatives gave rise to a number of lead molecule such as 3 (IC50 = 59.37 ± 0.26 µM), 5 (IC50 = 59.70 ± 0.32 µM), 6 (IC50 = 60.78 ± 0.54 µM), 8 (IC50 = 54.61 ± 0.20 µM), 16 (IC50 = 56.57 ± 0.04 µM) and 14 (IC50 = 51.41 ± 1.25 µM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Salar
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Gul
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Iltaf Khan
- School of Chemistry and Material Science Heilonjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Khan M, Ahmad R, Rehman G, Gul N, Shah S, Salar U, Perveen S, Khan KM. Synthesis of Pyridinyl-benzo[d]imidazole/Pyridinyl-benzo[d]thiazole Derivatives and their Yeast Glucose Uptake Activity In Vitro. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666181004102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Diabetes is the primary cause of fatality and disability all over the world, in recent past, we have reported various classes of compounds as anti-glycating agents and we have also reported benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives as a potential class of anti-glycating agents. This encouraged us to evaluate the pyridinyl benzimidazole/pyridinyl benzothiazole derivatives 1-27 for yeast glucose uptake activity.Methods:In the present study, an equimolar mixture of pyridine carboxaldehyde derivatives (1 mmol) and sodium metabisulphite (1 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was stirred for 10 to 15 min, followed by addition of o-phenylene diamine/2-aminothiophenol (1 mmol) into it and refluxed for 3 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into crushed ice. Precipitates were formed which were collected by filtration to produce compounds 1-27 in good yields. Recrystallization from methanol yielded pure crystals.Results:Our present study showed that all compounds showed a varying degree of yeast glucose uptake activity in the range IC50 = 36.43-272.20 µM, compared to standard metronidazole (IC50 = 41.86 ± 0.09 µM). Compounds 5 (IC50 = 38.14 ± 0.17 µM), 6 (IC50 = 40.23 ± 0.20 µM), and 7 (IC50 = 36.43 ± 0.02 µM) showed an excellent yeast glucose uptake activity better than the standard.Conclusion:Pyridinyl benzimidazole/pyridinyl benzothiazole derivatives 1-27 were synthesized, structurally characterized, and evaluated for in vitro yeast glucose uptake activity. Compounds 5 (IC50 = 38.14 ± 0.17 µM), 6 (IC50 = 40.23 ± 0.20 µM), and 7 (IC50 = 36.43 ± 0.02 µM) demonstrated potent yeast glucose uptake activity as compared to standard metronidazole (IC50 = 41.86 ± 0.09 µM). This study identified a number of potential lead molecules which can be helpful in lowering the blood glucose level in hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Momin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan-23200, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan-23200, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan-23200, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Gul
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan-23200, Pakistan
| | - Sana Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan-23200, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Salar
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi-75280, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Idrees M, Din HU, Ali R, Rehman G, Hussain T, Nguyen CV, Ahmad I, Amin B. Optoelectronic and solar cell applications of Janus monolayers and their van der Waals heterostructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18612-18621. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02648g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Janus monolayers and their van der Waals heterostuctures are investigated by hybrid density functional theory calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Idrees
- Department of Physics
- Hazara University
- Mansehra 21300
- Pakistan
| | - H. U. Din
- Department of Physics
- Hazara University
- Mansehra 21300
- Pakistan
| | - R. Ali
- The Guo China-US Photonics Laboratory
- Changchun Institute of Optics
- Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130033
- P. R. China
| | - G. Rehman
- Department of Physics
- University of Malakand
- Chakdara
- Pakistan
| | - T. Hussain
- School of Molecular Sciences
- The University of Western Australia
- Perth
- Australia
| | - C. V. Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development
- Duy Tan University
- Vietnam
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Physics
- University of Malakand
- Chakdara
- Pakistan
- Department of Physics
| | - B. Amin
- Department of Physics
- Abbottabad University of Science and Technology
- Abbottabad 22010
- Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ahmad W, Ahmad A, Iqbal A, Hamayun M, Hussain A, Rehman G, Khan S, Khan UU, Khan D, Huang L. Intelligent hepatitis diagnosis using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and information gain method. Soft comput 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-018-3643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
29
|
Tabor AE, Ali A, Rehman G, Rocha Garcia G, Zangirolamo AF, Malardo T, Jonsson NN. Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus microplus-Host Interface: A Review of Resistant and Susceptible Host Responses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:506. [PMID: 29322033 PMCID: PMC5732177 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are able to transmit tick-borne infectious agents to vertebrate hosts which cause major constraints to public and livestock health. The costs associated with mortality, relapse, treatments, and decreased production yields are economically significant. Ticks adapted to a hematophagous existence after the vertebrate hemostatic system evolved into a multi-layered defense system against foreign invasion (pathogens and ectoparasites), blood loss, and immune responses. Subsequently, ticks evolved by developing an ability to suppress the vertebrate host immune system with a devastating impact particularly for exotic and crossbred cattle. Host genetics defines the immune responsiveness against ticks and tick-borne pathogens. To gain an insight into the naturally acquired resistant and susceptible cattle breed against ticks, studies have been conducted comparing the incidence of tick infestation on bovine hosts from divergent genetic backgrounds. It is well-documented that purebred and crossbred Bos taurus indicus cattle are more resistant to ticks and tick-borne pathogens compared to purebred European Bos taurus taurus cattle. Genetic studies identifying Quantitative Trait Loci markers using microsatellites and SNPs have been inconsistent with very low percentages relating phenotypic variation with tick infestation. Several skin gene expression and immunological studies have been undertaken using different breeds, different samples (peripheral blood, skin with tick feeding), infestation protocols and geographic environments. Susceptible breeds were commonly found to be associated with the increased expression of toll like receptors, MHC Class II, calcium binding proteins, and complement factors with an increased presence of neutrophils in the skin following tick feeding. Resistant breeds had higher levels of T cells present in the skin prior to tick infestation and thus seem to respond to ticks more efficiently. The skin of resistant breeds also contained higher numbers of eosinophils, mast cells and basophils with up-regulated proteases, cathepsins, keratins, collagens and extracellular matrix proteins in response to feeding ticks. Here we review immunological and molecular determinants that explore the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus-host resistance phenomenon as well as contemplating new insights and future directions to study tick resistance and susceptibility, in order to facilitate interventions for tick control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ala E Tabor
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan.,Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Gustavo Rocha Garcia
- Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Malardo
- Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nicholas N Jonsson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rehman G, Hamayun M, Iqbal A, Khan SA, Khan H, Shehzad A, Khan AL, Hussain A, Kim HY, Ahmad J, Ahmad A, Ali A, Lee IJ. Effect of Methanolic Extract of Dandelion Roots on Cancer Cell Lines and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:875. [PMID: 29234282 PMCID: PMC5712354 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnomedicinal knowledge of plant-derived bioactives could help us in discovering new therapeutic compounds of great potential. Certainly, dandelion has been used in traditional ethno-medicinal systems (i.e., Chinese, Arabian, Indian, and Native American) to treat different types of cancer. Though, dandelion is highly vigorous, but the potential mode of action is still unclear. In the current study, the antiproliferative activity of methanolic extracts of dandelion root (MEDr) on cell viability of HepG2, MCF7, HCT116, and normal Hs27 was investigated. It was observed that MEDr (500 μg/mL) drastically decreased the growth of HepG2 cell line, while the effect on MCF7 and HCT116 cell lines was less pronounced and no effect has been observed in Hs27 cell lines. The MEDr also enhanced the phosphorylation level of AMPK of HepG2 cells, which considered crucial in cancer treatment and other metabolic diseases. The AMPK activation by MEDr noticed in the current study has never been reported previously. The results regarding the number of apoptotic cells (HepG2 cells) were in line with the cell viability test. The current observations clearly demonstrated the potency of MEDr against liver cancer with validation that dandelion could control AMPK and thus cancer in the treated cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Afzal Khan
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hamayoon Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Adeeb Shehzad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, SMME, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Jamshaid Ahmad
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hamayun M, Hussain A, Khan SA, Kim HY, Khan AL, Waqas M, Irshad M, Iqbal A, Rehman G, Jan S, Lee IJ. Gibberellins Producing Endophytic Fungus Porostereum spadiceum AGH786 Rescues Growth of Salt Affected Soybean. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:686. [PMID: 28473818 PMCID: PMC5397423 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of sustainable agriculture through environment and human health friendly practices, we evaluated the potential of a novel gibberellins (GAs) producing basidiomycetous endophytic fungus Porostereum spadiceum AGH786, for alleviating salt stress and promoting health benefits of soybean. Soybean seedlings exposed to different levels of NaCl stress (70 and 140 mM) under greenhouse conditions, were inoculated with the AGH786 strain. Levels of phytohormones including GAs, JA and ABA, and isoflavones were compared in control and the inoculated seedlings to understand the mechanism through which the stress is alleviated. Gibberellins producing endophytic fungi have been vital for promoting plant growth under normal and stress conditions. We report P. spadiceum AGH786 as the ever first GAs producing basidiomycetous fungus capable of producing six types of GAs. In comparison to the so for most efficient GAs producing Gibberella fujikuroi, AGH786 produced significantly higher amount of the bioactive GA3. Salt-stressed phenotype of soybean seedlings was characterized by low content of GAs and high amount of ABA and JA with reduced shoot length, biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll contents, and rate of photosynthesis. Mitigation of salt stress by AGH786 was always accompanied by high GAs, and low ABA and JA, suggesting that this endophytic fungus reduces the effect of salinity by modulating endogenous phytohormones of the seedlings. Additionally, this strain also enhanced the endogenous level of two isoflavones including daidzen and genistein in soybean seedlings under normal as well as salt stress conditions as compared to their respective controls. P. spadiceum AGH786 boosted the NaCl stress tolerance and growth in soybean, by modulating seedlings endogenous phytohormones and isoflavones suggesting a valuable contribution of this potent fungal biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture in salt affected soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Sumera A. Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Abdul L. Khan
- UoN Chair of Oman’s Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of NizwaNizwa, Oman
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Samin Jan
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University PeshawarPeshawar, Pakistan
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hamayun M, Khan SA, Khan AL, Rehman G, Kim YH, Iqbal I, Hussain J, Sohn EY, Lee IJ. Gibberellin production and plant growth promotion from pure cultures of Cladosporium sp. MH-6 isolated from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Mycologia 2017; 102:989-95. [DOI: 10.3852/09-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Afzal Khan
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- School of Applied Bioscience, Kyungpook National University, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Korea
| | - Youn-Ha Kim
- School of Applied Bioscience, Kyungpook National University, Korea
| | - Ilyas Iqbal
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakdra, Pakistan
| | - Javid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | | | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Bioscience, Kyungpook National University, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hamayun M, Hussain A, Khan SA, Irshad M, Khan AL, Waqas M, Shahzad R, Iqbal A, Ullah N, Rehman G, Kim HY, Lee IJ. Kinetin modulates physio-hormonal attributes and isoflavone contents of Soybean grown under salinity stress. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:377. [PMID: 26082785 PMCID: PMC4450176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Crop productivity continues to decline due to a wide array of biotic and abiotic stresses. Salinity is one of the worst abiotic stresses, as it causes huge losses to crop yield each year. Kinetin (Kn) has been reported as plant growth regulator since long, but its role in improving plant growth and food quality under saline conditions through mediating phytohormonal cross-talk is poorly studied. Current study was designed to evaluate the impact of exogenously applied Kn on growth, isoflovones and endogenous phytohormones of soybean grown under NaCl induced salt stress. Soybean plants were grown in perlite (semi hydroponic), and under controlled green-house conditions. Elevated levels of exogenous Kn significantly mitigated the adverse effect of NaCl and rescued plant growth attributes, i.e., plant height, fresh and dry biomass of soybean plants grown in all treatments. Higher diadzen, glycitin, and genistin contents were observed in plants treated with elevated Kn in the presence or absence of NaCl induce salt stress. The gibberellins (GAs) biosynthesis pathway was up-regulated by Kn as the bioactive GA1 and GA4 contents were significantly higher in Kn treated plants, as compared to control, while GAs level reduced in NaCl treated plants. Contrary to GAs, the abscisic acid contents declined with Kn but promoted in NaCl stressed soybean plants. The endogenous jasmonic acid and salicylic acid contents of soybean enhanced with elevated Kn application, but they showed an antagonistic response under salt stress. Current study supports the active role of Kn to ameliorate the adverse effects of salt stress on the growth and food quality of soybean. The favorable role of Kn toward soybean growth under salt stress may be attributed to its potential to modulate cross-talk between the various phytohormones involved in soybean growth and its resistance to salinity stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Afzal Khan
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of PeshawarPeshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- UoN Chair of Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of NizwaNizwa, Oman
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Raheem Shahzad
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Nazif Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University MardanMardan, Pakistan
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California DavisDavis, CA, USA
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Khan W, Irshad M, Rehman G, Hussain A. HAV in fresh vegetables: a hidden health risk in district Mardan, Pakistan. Springerplus 2014; 3:675. [PMID: 26034681 PMCID: PMC4447752 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis A is an acute inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV) in human. The path of entry of HAV to the bloodstream is the epithelium of the intestine. Liver inflammation occurs when HAV multiplies within the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells of the liver. HAV is mostly transmitted by contaminated water, fruits and vegetables. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate fresh vegetables raised on the fecal contaminated water for the detection of HAV by PCR method. Twenty nine samples were collected from 13 different locations of district Mardan and screened for the presence of HAV. Village Bajowro near Takht Bhai was the most contaminated site having HAV in all vegetables grown over there. Water samples collected from this area proved to be contaminated with HAV. It may be concluded that fecal contaminated water is unsafe for irrigation because of the health risk associated with such practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Khan
- Department of Botany, Shankar Campus, Abdul Wali Khan Univerity, Mardan, 23200 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Botany, Shankar Campus, Abdul Wali Khan Univerity, Mardan, 23200 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Shankar Campus, Abdul Wali Khan Univerity, Mardan, 23200 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Anwar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Shankar Campus, Abdul Wali Khan Univerity, Mardan, 23200 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rehman G, Shehzad A, Khan AL, Hamayun M. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in cancer therapy. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:457-68. [PMID: 24677093 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a target in cancer waxed and waned over the past decade of cancer research. AMPK is a cellular energy sensor, present in almost all eukaryotic cells. An elevated AMP/ATP ratio activates the AMPK, which in turn inhibits energy-consuming processes and induces catabolic events that generate ATP to restore the energy homeostasis inside the cell. Several reports have indicated that AMPK regulates several metabolic pathways and may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. Cancer cells have specific metabolic changes that differ from normal cells, and AMPK prevents the deregulated processes in cancer. AMPK may also act to inhibit tumor formation through modulation of cell growth, cell proliferation, autophagy, stress responses, and cell polarity. AMPK has been shown to inhibit mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) through tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) phosphorylation and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), considered as central cell growth controller signals in diseases. In response to glucose deprivation, AMPK phosphorylates and activates p53, which induces cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. AMPK has also been reported to block cyclin-dependent kinases through phosphorylation of p27(kip1) , promoting its stabilization and allowing cells to survive metabolic stress via induction of autophagy. Additionally, AMPK induces autophagy by phosphorylation and activation of eEF-2 kinase, and prevents the formation of new proteins. AMPK activators are also used for the treatment of type II diabetes and cancer. This review focuses on AMPK activation and its possible therapeutic role in the treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gauhar Rehman
- School of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, K. P. K. Pakistan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shehzad A, Rehman G, Ul-Islam M, Khattak WA, Lee YS. Challenges in the development of drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. Braz J Infect Dis 2013; 17:74-81. [PMID: 23287547 PMCID: PMC9427384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis infection is a serious human health threat and the early 21st century has seen a remarkable increase in global tuberculosis activity. The pathogen responsible for tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which adopts diverse strategies in order to survive in a variety of host lesions. These survival mechanisms make the pathogen resistant to currently available drugs, a major contributing factor in the failure to control the spread of tuberculosis. Multiple drugs are available for clinical use and several potential compounds are being screened, synthesized, or evaluated in preclinical or clinical studies. Lasting and effective achievements in the development of anti-tuberculosis drugs will depend largely on the proper understanding of the complex interactions between the pathogen and its human host. Ample evidence exists to explain the characteristics of tuberculosis. In this study, we highlighted the challenges for the development of novel drugs with potent bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity, which reduce the minimum time required to cure tuberculosis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a yellow coloring agent extracted from turmeric is also used as a remedy for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases. Acute and chronic inflammation is a major factor in the progression of obesity, type II diabetes, arthritis, pancreatitis, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, as well as certain types of cancer. Turmeric has a long history of use in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Recent studies on the efficacy and therapeutic applicability of turmeric have suggested that the active ingredient of tumeric is curcumin. Further, compelling evidence has shown that curcumin has the ability to inhibit inflammatory cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis through multiple molecular targets and mechanisms of action. Curcumin is safe, non-toxic, and mediates its anti-inflammatory effects through the down-regulation of inflammatory transcription factors, cytokines, redox status, protein kinases, and enzymes that all promote inflammation. In addition, curcumin induces apoptosis through mitochondrial and receptor-mediated pathways, as well as activation of caspase cascades. In the current study, the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin were evaluated relative to various chronic inflammatory diseases. Based on the available pharmacological data obtained from in vitro and in vivo research, as well as clinical trials, an opportunity exists to translate curcumin into clinics for the prevention of inflammatory diseases in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeeb Shehzad
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Khan AL, Hussain J, Hamayun M, Gilani SA, Ahmad S, Rehman G, Kim YH, Kang SM, Lee IJ. Secondary metabolites from Inula britannica L. and their biological activities. Molecules 2010; 15:1562-77. [PMID: 20336001 PMCID: PMC6257271 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15031562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inula britannica L., family Asteraceae, is used in traditional Chinese and Kampo Medicines for various diseases. Flowers or the aerial parts are a rich source of secondary metabolites. These consist mainly of terpenoids (sesquiterpene lactones and dimmers, diterpenes and triterpenoids) and flavonoids. The isolated compounds have shown diverse biological activities: anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective activities. This review provides information on isolated bioactive phytochemicals and pharmacological potentials of I. britannica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Latif Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Javid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Korea
| | - Syed Abdullah Gilani
- Department of Biotechnology, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Shabir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Korea
| | - Yoon-Ha Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hamayun M, Khan SA, Khan AL, Rehman G, Sohn EY, Shah AA, Kim SK, Joo GJ, Lee IJ. Phoma herbarum as a new gibberellin-producing and plant growth-promoting fungus. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 19:1244-9. [PMID: 19884787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are known for the production of valuable metabolites, but information on the gibberellin production capacity of this group is limited. We isolated 9 endophytic fungi from the roots of salt-stressed soybean plants and screened them on waito-c rice, in order to identify plant growth promoting fungal strains. The fungal isolate TK- 2-4 gave maximum plant length (20.35 cm) promotion in comparison with wild-type Gibberella fujikuroi (19.5 cm). In a separate experiment, bioassay of TK-2-4 promoted plant length and biomass of soybean cultivar Taegwangkong. The TK-2-4 culture filtrate was analyzed for the presence of gibberellins, and it was found that all physiologically active gibberellins, especially GA(4) and GA(7), were present in higher amounts (GA(1), 0.11 ng/ml; GA(3), 2.91 ng/ml; GA(4), 3.21 ng/ml; and GA(7), 1.4 ng/ml) in conjunction with physiologically inactive GA(9) (0.05 ng/ml), GA(12) (0.23 ng/ ml), GA(15) (0.42 ng/ml), GA(19) (0.53 ng/ml), and GA(20) (0.06 ng/ml). The fungal isolate TK-2-4 was later identified as a new strain of Phoma herbarum, through the phylogenetic analysis of 28S rDNA sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamayun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hamayun M, Khan SA, Khan AL, Rehman G, Sohn EY, Shah AA, Kim SK, Joo GJ, Lee IJ. Phoma herbarum as a new gibberellin-producing and plant growth-promoting fungus. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [PMID: 19884787 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.0901.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are known for the production of valuable metabolites, but information on the gibberellin production capacity of this group is limited. We isolated 9 endophytic fungi from the roots of salt-stressed soybean plants and screened them on waito-c rice, in order to identify plant growth promoting fungal strains. The fungal isolate TK- 2-4 gave maximum plant length (20.35 cm) promotion in comparison with wild-type Gibberella fujikuroi (19.5 cm). In a separate experiment, bioassay of TK-2-4 promoted plant length and biomass of soybean cultivar Taegwangkong. The TK-2-4 culture filtrate was analyzed for the presence of gibberellins, and it was found that all physiologically active gibberellins, especially GA(4) and GA(7), were present in higher amounts (GA(1), 0.11 ng/ml; GA(3), 2.91 ng/ml; GA(4), 3.21 ng/ml; and GA(7), 1.4 ng/ml) in conjunction with physiologically inactive GA(9) (0.05 ng/ml), GA(12) (0.23 ng/ ml), GA(15) (0.42 ng/ml), GA(19) (0.53 ng/ml), and GA(20) (0.06 ng/ml). The fungal isolate TK-2-4 was later identified as a new strain of Phoma herbarum, through the phylogenetic analysis of 28S rDNA sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamayun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Malik IA, Khan ZK, Hakimali A, Sabih M, Rehman G. The effect of subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) on anemia in cancer patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. J PAK MED ASSOC 1998; 48:127-31. [PMID: 9813972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Advanced cancer is commonly associated with significant anemia which worsens with the administration of cytotoxic drugs. Erythropoietin (EPO) levels in these patients are usually inappropriately low for the degree of anemia. We evaluated the effect of subcutaneous administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) on hematologic parameters and transfusion requirements in anemic cancer patients who were receiving platinum-based chemotherapy. Baseline studies included complete hemogram, reticulocyte count, serum iron, TIBC, ferritin and determination of performance status and quality of life (QOL). Twenty-three patients, 13 females, 10 males with mean age 52 years received 150 units/kg of r-HuEPO three times weekly for a minimum of 10 weeks. They also received supplemental iron. Ovarian cancer was the commonest underlying malignancy. Most of the patients received platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Mean duration of r-HuEPO therapy was 12.6 weeks. Average baseline reticulocyte count was 1.8% which increased to 7.0% after one week therapy. Eight patients had normalization of hemoglobin values. Another eight patients improved their hemoglobin by at least 2 g/dl, however, hemoglobin values remained below the normal range. Two patients had only slight increase in hemoglobin but never required blood transfusion. Three patients who were transfusion dependent had decrease in the transfusion requirements. Two patients had no significant benefit. In most patients response was evident within 2 weeks. All responders had improvement in QOL. No significant toxicity was observed. We conclude that r-HuEPO, given subcutaneously, is highly effective in amelioration of anemia and prevention of or reduction in transfusion requirements in cancer patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Malik
- National Cancer Institute, Clifton, Karachi
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
- G Rehman
- National Institute of Psychology, Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ahmad F, Khadim MI, Rehman G, Qayum A. A survey of the neoplastic lesions in the north west region of Pakistan--II. J PAK MED ASSOC 1989; 39:78-9. [PMID: 2500544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
44
|
Sami Z, Rehman G. Detection and enumeration of faecal coliforms and other microorganisms in drinking water (a comparison of two techniques). J PAK MED ASSOC 1985; 35:329-34. [PMID: 3935818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
45
|
Ahmad F, Khadim MI, Rehman G, Qayum A. A survey of the neoplastic lesions in the north western region of Pakistan. J PAK MED ASSOC 1985; 35:49-50. [PMID: 3925188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|