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S K, George S, Soman A, Jo S, Beegum F, Habibullah MA. Salivary Proteinase 3 as a Biomarker for Caries Severity in Children: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024; 25:236-240. [PMID: 38690696 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to evaluate the relation between salivary proteinase 3 (PR3) concentration and caries severity in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six-to-eight-year age group children, from the Outpatient Department of Pediatric and Preventive dentistry at PMS Dental College were selected for the study. From these children, three groups each consisting of 28 children were selected according to the dental caries severity. Three groups were: (1) No Dental Caries group, (2) Low Dental Caries group with DMFT/DEFT score of 1-4, and (3) High Dental Caries group with DMFT/DEFT score of 5-15. Thus, a total of 84 children who satisfied the inclusion criteria were selected. The concentration of PR3 in saliva of the donors were analyzed using an ELISA kit. One way ANOVA was used for finding the relation of salivary PR3 concentration with caries severity. Pairwise comparison of PR3 concentration and caries severity were analyzed using post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS Severity of caries and concentration of salivary PR3 showed an inverse relation. As the caries severity increases there was a decrease in PR3 concentration and vice versa. CONCLUSION The children with high caries severity showed lower concentration of PR3 in their saliva compared with those with lower caries severity which indicates that PR3 can be used as a biomarker for assessing caries severity and also paves way to use PR3 as a caries vaccine in future. Nowadays, interest toward noninvasive and personalized dentistry has been increased. Molecular assays using salivary biomarkers can be an effective tool in detecting the caries in earlier stages and assessing a patient's caries risk. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Salivary PR3 can be used as prognostic biomarker for assessing caries severity and after treatment the value of PR3 can be used as a assessment tool to confirm its relation with caries. How to cite this article: Karthika S, George S, Soman A, et al. Salivary Proteinase 3 as a Biomarker for Caries Severity in Children: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(3):236-240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika S
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science & Research, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sageena George
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science & Research, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anandaraj Soman
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science & Research, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Shiana Jo
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, PMS College of Dental Science & Research, Vattappara, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Fahanna Beegum
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966 552801065, e-mail:
| | - Mohammed A Habibullah
- Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Kitsaras G, Pretty IA, Allan J. Bedtime Routines Intervention for Children (BRIC) project: results from a non-randomised feasibility, proof-of concept study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:79. [PMID: 35387669 PMCID: PMC8984069 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bedtime routines are highly recurrent family activities with implications for children's wellbeing, development and health. AIMS The objective of this study is to co-develop and test in a feasibility, proof-of-concept study a bedtime routines intervention using text messages aimed at first-time parents with young children. METHODS Fifty first-time parents with children aged 1-3 years were recruited for this study. Parents received a text message-based intervention for 7-consecutive nights which provided support and information on achieving optimal bedtime routines. Parents completed pre- and post-intervention questionnaires focusing on children's sleep, bedtime routines and parental mood disturbance. Feedback was provided at the end of the study. RESULTS Recruitment target and high retention with 98%, or 49 out of 50 participants completing the study were achieved. Pre- and post-intervention, there were improvements in total children's sleep with children sleeping longer and having less disrupted sleep overall (MD = - 7.77 (SD = 17.91), t(48) = - 3.03, p = .004, CI (- 12.91, - 2.63) and in overall quality of bedtime routines (MD = - 5.00, SD = 7.01, t(48) = - 4.98, p < .001, CI (- 7.01, - 2.98). Parental mood disturbance decreased pre- to post-intervention (MD = 5.87, SD = 15.43, t(48) = 2.66), p = .010, CI (1.44, 10.30). Parents provided positive feedback about the intervention and valued the support that was provided to them. CONCLUSIONS Bedtime routines were successfully altered with short-term benefits for children's sleep and parental mood. Future research will need to utilize a more robust, longitudinal approach for a definite exploration of sustained changes in bedtime routines and their long-term implications for children and parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kitsaras
- Dental Health Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Iain A Pretty
- Dental Health Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Julia Allan
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Matuq Badri S, Felemban EH, Alnajjar GK, Alotaibi FM, Aljahdali ST, Maher YA, Fathi A. Effectiveness of probiotic lozenges and Chlorhexidine mouthwash on plaque index, salivary pH, and Streptococcus mutans count among school children in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:635-641. [PMID: 34803312 PMCID: PMC8589601 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the effect of the probiotic lozenges and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash on plaque index (PI) , salivary pH and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) 3 count among groups of Saudi children. Methods A total of 54 participants aged 8-12 years were randomly allocated into three groups, 18 children in each group. Children in the probiotic group consumed one probiotic lozenge (Biogaia prodentis) daily, while children in the CHX group were instructed to use CHX mouthwash twice daily. The control group was only instructed to follow regular oral hygiene measures. Saliva samples were taken at baseline, 15th and 30th days. PI scores, salivary pH values and S. mutans count were evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA and the Tukey post-hoc test. Results Probiotic lozenges and CHX mouthwash significantly reduced PI and S. mutans count and increased the salivary pH values. However, there were no statistical differences between the effect of probiotic lozenges and CHX mouthwash on PI (p-value= 800) and pH values (p-value= 0.927) on the 30th day. Conversely a significant difference was reported among their effects on S. mutans count (p-value=0.014) on the 30th day. Greater acceptance and compliance of children to probiotic lozenges were reported. Conclusions Probiotic lozenges could be an alternative to CHX mouthwash and encouraged to be included with the daily oral hygiene measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Matuq Badri
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Yahia Ahmed Maher
- Department of Basic Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel Fathi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pedodontics and Oral Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang K, Wang Y, Wang X, Ren Q, Han S, Ding L, Li Z, Zhou X, Li W, Zhang L. Comparative salivary proteomics analysis of children with and without dental caries using the iTRAQ/MRM approach. J Transl Med 2018; 16:11. [PMID: 29351798 PMCID: PMC5775567 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is a major worldwide oral disease afflicting a large proportion of children. As an important host factor of caries susceptibility, saliva plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of caries. The aim of the present study was to characterize the healthy and cariogenic salivary proteome and determine the changes in salivary protein expression of children with varying degrees of active caries, also to establish salivary proteome profiles with a potential therapeutic use against dental caries. METHODS In this study, unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 30 children (age 10-12 years) with no dental caries (NDC, n = 10), low dental caries (LDC, n = 10), and high dental caries (HDC, n = 10). Salivary proteins were extracted, reduced, alkylated, trypsin digested and labeled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation, and then they were analyzed with GO annotation, biological pathway analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and protein-protein interaction analysis. Targeted verifications were then performed using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 244 differentially expressed proteins annotated with GO annotation in biological processes, cellular component and molecular function were identified in comparisons among children with varying degrees of active caries. A number of caries-related proteins as well as pathways were identified in this study. As compared with caries-free children, the most significantly enriched pathways involved by the up-regulated proteins in LDC and HDC were the ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathway and African trypanosomiasis pathway, respectively. Subsequently, we selected 53 target proteins with differential expression in different comparisons, including mucin 7, mucin 5B, histatin 1, cystatin S and cystatin SN, basic salivary proline rich protein 2, for further verification using MRM assays. Protein-protein interaction analysis of these proteins revealed complex protein interaction networks, indicating synergistic action of salivary proteins in caries resistance or cariogenicity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results afford new insight into the salivary proteome of children with dental caries. These findings might have bright prospect in future in developing novel biomimetic peptides with preventive and therapeutic benefits for childhood caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Sili Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Longjiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Zhongcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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Bernstein J, Gebel C, Vargas C, Geltman P, Walter A, Garcia R, Tinanoff N. Listening to paediatric primary care nurses: a qualitative study of the potential for interprofessional oral health practice in six federally qualified health centres in Massachusetts and Maryland. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014124. [PMID: 28360245 PMCID: PMC5372099 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the opportunities for interprofessional collaboration (IPC) to improve paediatric oral health in federally qualified health centres (FQHCs), to identify challenges to IPC-led integration of oral health prevention into the well-child visit and to suggest strategies to overcome barriers. SAMPLE Nurse managers (NMs), nurse practitioners (NPs), paediatric clinical staff and administrators in six FQHCs in two states were interviewed using a semistructured format. DESIGN Grounded theory research. Topics included feasibility of integration, perceived barriers and strategies for incorporating oral health into paediatric primary care. MEASUREMENTS Qualitative data were coded and analysed using NVivo 10 to generate themes iteratively. RESULTS Nurses in diverse roles recognised the importance of oral health prevention but were unaware of professional guidelines for incorporating oral health into paediatric encounters. They valued collaborative care, specifically internal communication, joint initiatives and training and partnering with dental schools or community dental practices. Barriers to IPC included inadequate training, few opportunities for cross-communication and absence of charting templates in electronic health records. CONCLUSIONS NMs, NPs and paediatric nursing staff all value IPC to improve patients' oral health, yet are constrained by lack of oral health training and supportive charting and referral systems. With supports, they are willing to take on responsibility for introducing oral health preventive measures into the well-child visit, but will require IPC approaches to training and systems changes. IPC teams in the health centre setting can work together, if policy and administrative supports are in place, to provide oral health assessments, education, fluoride varnish application and dental referrals, decrease the prevalence of early childhood caries and increase access to a dental home for low-income children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Bernstein
- Center for Research to Evaluate and Eliminate Dental Disparities, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Gebel
- Center for Research to Evaluate and Eliminate Dental Disparities, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clemencia Vargas
- Center for Research to Evaluate and Eliminate Dental Disparities, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Geltman
- Center for Research to Evaluate and Eliminate Dental Disparities, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashley Walter
- Center for Research to Evaluate and Eliminate Dental Disparities, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raul Garcia
- Center for Research to Evaluate and Eliminate Dental Disparities, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Norman Tinanoff
- Center for Research to Evaluate and Eliminate Dental Disparities, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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