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Onovbiona H, Quetsch L, Bradley R. Racial and Practical Barriers to Diagnostic and Treatment Services for Black Families of Autistic Youth: A Mixed-Method Exploration. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06166-5. [PMID: 38038872 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the role race-related barriers and practical barriers to treatment participation play in treatment effectiveness and satisfaction among Black families with autistic youth using a mixed-method approach. In a sample of Black caregivers with autistic youth (N = 101), multiple regressions were conducted to examine the impact of reported racial and practical barriers on parental stress, treatment effectiveness, and treatment satisfaction. Caregivers provided further narratives on their experience navigating diagnostic and treatment services in qualitative interviews. The study demonstrated that Black caregivers of autistic youth are still encountering several racial and logistical barriers when seeking treatment and diagnostic services for their children. These barriers negatively impact caregiver stress and caregiver perceived treatment quality. Contrary to the barriers and stress experienced by Black caregivers, caregivers are generally satisfied with the treatments they are utilizing and find them helpful. The narratives told by caregivers further elucidate the tumultuous experiences of Black caregivers as they seek diagnostic and treatment services for their children. An experience that may be worsened by family, professional, and systemic barriers, and can be improved by advocacy, acceptance, peer and community support, and increased knowledge. Black families of autistic youth call for increased compassion, support, training, and humility among professionals who serve autistic youth.
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Göksel P, Oban V, Dikeç G, Usta MB. Qualitative and Artificial Intelligence-Based Sentiment Analysis of Turkish Twitter Messages Related to Autism Spectrum Disorders. Cureus 2023; 15:e38446. [PMID: 37143854 PMCID: PMC10153655 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to conduct an emotional analysis of Turkish Twitter messages related to autism spectrum disorders (ASD). METHODS An emotion analysis was performed using quantitative and qualitative analysis methods on Turkish Twitter messages shared between November 2021 and January 2022 that contained the words "autism" and "autistic." RESULTS It was found that 81.5% of the 13,042 messages that constituted the sample of this study contained neutral emotions. The most frequently used words in Twitter messages were autism, a, universe, strong, patience, warriors, and happy. The qualitative analysis revealed three main themes. These themes were: "experiences," "informing society and awareness," and "humiliation." CONCLUSION In this study, it was found that Turkish Twitter messages related to autism, which were analyzed using artificial intelligence-based emotion analysis, often contained neutral emotions. While the content of these messages, often shared by parents, was related to experiences, and the messages shared by pediatric psychiatrists and rehabilitation center employees were informative in nature, it was determined that the word "autism" was used to insult, which is outside of its medical meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Göksel
- Psychiatry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, TUR
| | - Volkan Oban
- Psychiatry, Independent Reseacher, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Gül Dikeç
- Nursing, Fenerbahce University, Istanbul, TUR
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Rivera-Figueroa K, Marfo NYA, Eigsti IM. Parental Perceptions of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Latinx and Black Sociocultural Contexts: A Systematic Review. AMERICAN JOURNAL ON INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 127:42-63. [PMID: 34979034 PMCID: PMC8740628 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-127.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face challenges in accessing diagnostic and treatment services; these challenges vary by race, ethnicity, and culture. This systematic review examines parental perceptions of ASD within Latinx and Black American communities. Findings indicate that interconnections with family and religious groups promoted positive coping and describe positive impacts of having a child with ASD. Relative to White families, community members reported reduced access to information and more inaccurate beliefs about ASD, higher levels of ASD-related stigma, and more negative experiences with healthcare providers, which serve to exacerbate healthcare disparities. Conclusions are limited by an underrepresentation of minority groups in research. We call for efforts to address the specific needs of racial and ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Rivera-Figueroa
- Karla Rivera-Figueroa, Nana Yaa A. Marfo, and Inge-Marie Eigsti, University of Connecticut
| | - Nana Yaa A Marfo
- Karla Rivera-Figueroa, Nana Yaa A. Marfo, and Inge-Marie Eigsti, University of Connecticut
| | - Inge-Marie Eigsti
- Karla Rivera-Figueroa, Nana Yaa A. Marfo, and Inge-Marie Eigsti, University of Connecticut
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Codjoe L, Barber S, Ahuja S, Thornicroft G, Henderson C, Lempp H, N'Danga-Koroma J. Evidence for interventions to promote mental health and reduce stigma in Black faith communities: systematic review. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:895-911. [PMID: 33866378 PMCID: PMC8053235 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are significant documented inequalities for the Black community in the UK in relation to mental health care. Research has also indicated that cultural difference exists in pathways into, and engagement with, mental health services. To reduce inequalities and improve engagement with mental health services, it is important that professionals utilise culturally appropriate community networks to increase mental health awareness and reduce stigma. This systematic review considers research in Black faith settings, with two linked aims to review the evidence for the effectiveness of (i) mental health interventions, and (ii) other health stigma interventions as the latter have been implemented in Black faith settings. The review identified 'active ingredients' of interventions for this population that can be applied in future work. The authors seek to draw from the mental health and wider health stigma literature to inform the design of the ON TRAC project, a collaborative partnership between King's College London, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Black faith community groups in Southwark and Lambeth, London, in this currently under-researched area. METHODS A systematic search of ten major medical and social sciences databases was conducted in 2019, for studies on mental health or other health stigma interventions in Black faith settings. PRISMA guidelines were followed and search terms and search strategy ensured all possible studies were identified for review. RESULTS The review identified sixteen studies for inclusion. Ten were quantitative studies, four qualitative studies and two systematic reviews. Active ingredients of interventions included utilisation of 'bottom up' development of approaches and mental health champions. Multiple factors were found to influence effective implementation. Co-production and partnership working are key to ensure that an acceptable and accessible intervention is agreed. CONCLUSION Evidence for the effectiveness of interventions focused on mental health awareness and stigma reduction in the Black faith community is limited due to the low quality of studies. This review sheds light on the lessons learnt and necessary key requirements for interventions that can guide future projects. STUDY REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018110068.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Codjoe
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Sarah Barber
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Shalini Ahuja
- Centre for Implementation Science and Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Implementation Science and Centre for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Claire Henderson
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Heidi Lempp
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Inflammation Biology, King's College London, Weston Education, 10, Cutcombe Rd, London, SE5 9RJ, UK
| | - Joelyn N'Danga-Koroma
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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Kara H, Demirtaş MS. Increasing the Awareness of Autism Spectrum Disorder with Training of Pre-School Teachers and School Counselors in Turkey. JOURNAL OF CHILD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTraining programs for the awareness of autism for professions are supported under the leadership of the United Nations. Misinformation can cause socially destructive results as that which is incorrect is assumed to be known correctly. This study included a total of 308 participants comprising 226 (73.4%) preschool teachers and 82 (26.6%) school counselors. The basic questions related to the awareness and knowledge of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were selected based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2). It was attempted to categorize the questions into four fields: (1) social interaction, (2) social communication and speech, (3) limited interest pattern with stereotypical and ritualistic behaviors, and (4) comorbidities, etiological characteristics, and the relationship between vaccinations and autism. The results of the study indicate that the awareness of ASD, including core symptoms, was extremely lacking in preschool teachers and school counselors. Moreover, they had extreme prejudice to information known to be incorrect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Kara
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Institute, Aksaray University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Semih Demirtaş
- Faculty Pediatrist, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University Medical, Aksaray, Turkey
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Burkett K, Morris E, Anthony J, Shambley-Ebron D, Manning-Courtney P. Parenting African American Children With Autism: The Influence of Respect and Faith in Mother, Father, Single-, and Two-Parent Care. J Transcult Nurs 2016; 28:496-504. [PMID: 27510814 DOI: 10.1177/1043659616662316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Parents are the most significant contributor to care of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and as such research on African American parenting in ASD is conspicuously absent. Findings relevant to parenting are discussed from a study with urban African American families caring for children with ASD. DESIGN An ethnonursing study was conducted with 24 African American family members of children with ASD and 28 professionals. Data were analyzed and reported as themes. FINDINGS Two universal themes of were found of respect and faith in God and family that influenced parental care. Two diverse themes of mother's watchful care and father's protective care, along with differences in feelings of isolation and dependence on supports were found among single- and two-parent families. Discussion and Practice Implications: When health care professionals increase their knowledge and understanding of cultural practices in the parental care of children with ASD, they provide health care that is culturally congruent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Burkett
- 1 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Edith Morris
- 1 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,2 Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Patricia Manning-Courtney
- 1 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,3 University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Harrison AJ, Slane MM, Hoang L, Campbell JM. An international review of autism knowledge assessment measures. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2016; 21:262-275. [PMID: 27154908 DOI: 10.1177/1362361316638786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder-specific knowledge deficits contribute to current disparities in the timing and quality of autism spectrum disorder services throughout the United States and globally. This study conducted a systematic review of Western and International literature to examine measures used to assess autism spectrum disorder knowledge. This review identified 44 unique autism spectrum disorder knowledge measures across 67 studies conducted in 21 countries. Measures used in each study were evaluated in terms of psychometric strength. Of the 67 studies reviewed, only 7% were rated as using a measure with strong psychometric support compared to 45% that were rated as using a measure with no reported psychometric support. Additionally, we examined content overlap and subdomains of autism spectrum disorder knowledge assessed (e.g. etiology, symptoms) and cross-cultural adaptation procedures utilized in the field. Based on these findings, the need for a cross-culturally valid and psychometrically sound measure of autism spectrum disorder knowledge is discussed and recommendations for improving current assessment methods are presented, including suggestions for measure subdomains.
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