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Roalsø ES, Klonteig S, Kraft B, Skarstein S, Aalberg M, Jonassen R. Associations between over-the-counter analgesics usage and symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents: a network analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:366. [PMID: 38750535 PMCID: PMC11095036 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of over-the-counter analgesics (OTCA) is common among adolescents and has been linked with increased symptoms of anxiety and depression. However, little is known about which specific symptoms are most strongly connected to OTCA usage. The current study assessed which anxiety and depression symptoms were most closely associated with OTCA usage in a large sample of adolescents and examined whether this differed across genders. METHOD The present study was based on data from 626,581 participants from the Ungdata survey in Norway. Associations between OTCA and anxiety and depression symptoms were examined using network analysis. Non-regularized partial-correlation networks were constructed to estimate the conditional dependent relations between the use of OTCA and symptoms while controlling for pain. Gender-specific networks were created for comparison. RESULTS OTCA usage was associated with most symptoms, even after controlling for pain, with the strongest associations with "sleep problems", "stiff or tense", "everything is a struggle" and "suddenly scared". There were some gender differences, showing that "sleep problems" and "hopeless" were more strongly related to OTCA usage in females, whereas "stiff or tense" was more strongly related to OTCA usage in males. CONCLUSION Overall, the somatic symptoms of anxiety and depression displayed the strongest associations with OTCA usage. When examining the gender-specific networks, both showed similar trends, although males exhibited slightly stronger associations between OTCA usage and somatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Klonteig
- Advanced Health Intelligence and Brain-Inspired Technologies (ADEPT), Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brage Kraft
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv Skarstein
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Aalberg
- Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Akershus, Norway
| | - Rune Jonassen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Celik G, Haney MÖ. The relationship of depressive symptoms with pain and analgesic use in Turkish adolescents. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2024; 37:e12464. [PMID: 38591776 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
PROBLEM This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, pain (headache, abdominal pain, back pain) and analgesic use among Turkish adolescents. Additionally, it aimed to examine the association between depressive symptoms and pain and analgesic use in adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted in Izmir, Turkey with 954 adolescents aged 11-19 years. Data were collected with the "socio-demographic questionnaires" and the "Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children". Analyzes were performed using descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analysis. FINDINGS Of the adolescents, 632 (66.2%) showed depressive symptoms. Of the adolescents, 424 (44.4%) experienced headache, 256 (26.8%) experienced abdominal pain, and 343 (36.0%) experienced back pain. A total of 309 (32.4%) adolescents used analgesics for headaches, 132 (13.8%) abdominal pain, and 47 (4.9%) for back pain. Female gender, high level maternal education, bad economic status, poor health perception, bad school success, pain and analgesic use were the correlated variables with adolescent depression. CONCLUSIONS The depressive symptoms, headache and back pain, and use of analgesics especially for headaches were common among adolescents. The results showed depression in adolescent correlated with pain (headache, abdominal pain, and back pain) and analgesic use. Regular screening is needed to assure early intervention of depression among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meryem Öztürk Haney
- Public Health Nursing Department, Nursing Faculty, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Türkiye
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Baumann-Larsen M, Dyb G, Wentzel-Larsen T, Zwart JA, Storheim K, Stensland SØ. Exposure to traumatic events and use of over-the-counter analgesics in adolescents: cross-sectional findings from the Young-HUNT study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e066058. [PMID: 36931675 PMCID: PMC10030485 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Frequent and increasing use of over-the-counter analgesics (OTCA) among adolescents is a public health concern. Prior research indicates that adolescents exposed to traumatic events may be at increased risk of suffering from headaches and musculoskeletal pain. In this study, we assessed the association between trauma exposure and use of OTCA for headaches and musculoskeletal pain. DESIGN A cross-sectional population study among adolescents, self-reported data on trauma exposure, pain and use of OTCA. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS All 10 608 adolescents aged 13-19 years in a region of Norway were invited in this school-based survey, participation rate was 76%. OUTCOME MEASURE Frequency of OTCA use for headache and musculoskeletal pain served as separate outcomes in ordinal logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Trauma exposure was significantly and consistently related to higher frequency use of OTCA for headache and musculoskeletal pain, of which associations for bullying (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.12, and OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.70 to 2.66), physical violence (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.78 and OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.32) and sexual abuse (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.18 and OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.90) were particularly strong. A dose-response relationship was found between interpersonal violence and OTCA use for headache (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.66 for one type and OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.14 for two or more types) and musculoskeletal pain (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.91 to 3.00 for one type and OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.91 to 3.00 for two or more types). The associations remained significant after adjustment for pain, although an attenuation in strength was observed. CONCLUSION Trauma exposed adolescents use OTCA for headaches and musculoskeletal pain more frequently than those not exposed. The higher frequency of pain conditions among trauma exposed only partially explained their more frequent OTCA use, indicating an increased risk relating to features beyond frequency of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Baumann-Larsen
- Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grete Dyb
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Trauma, catastrophes and forced migration - children and youths, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Wentzel-Larsen
- Section for Trauma, catastrophes and forced migration - children and youths, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Storheim
- Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synne Øien Stensland
- Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Trauma, catastrophes and forced migration - children and youths, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway
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Shinde N, Kanabar DJ, Miles LJ. Narrative review of the prevalence and distribution of acute pain in children in the self-care setting. PAEDIATRIC & NEONATAL PAIN 2022; 4:169-191. [PMID: 36618510 PMCID: PMC9798044 DOI: 10.1002/pne2.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute pain among children is common, yet it may be underestimated and undertreated if the pain is not recognized. Assessing and managing pediatric pain can be complicated, and as such, measuring the prevalence of acute pain in children can be challenging. We sought to provide a consolidated review of the available data on the prevalence of commonly occurring acute pain in children in the self-care setting. An extensive literature search was performed to determine the prevalence of acute pain at multiple bodily locations in children aged between 3 months and 18 years. We considered the influence of age, sex, and sociodemographic factors on prevalence estimates. We also sought to identify some of the challenges involved in assessing and managing pediatric pain, thus shedding light on areas where there may be clinical and medical unmet needs. In general, a high prevalence of acute pain in children was detected, particularly headache, menstruation-related pain, and dental and back pain. Older age, female sex, and lower socioeconomic status were associated with increased pain prevalence. Risk factors were identified for all pain types and included psychological issues, stress, and unhealthy lifestyle habits. Owing to the heterogeneity in study populations, the prevalence estimates varied widely; there was also heterogeneity in the pain assessment tools utilized. The paucity of information regarding pain prevalence appears to be out of proportion with the burden of acute pain in children. This could indicate that clinicians may not be equipped with an optimal pain management strategy to guide their practice, especially regarding the use of developmentally appropriate pain assessment tools, without which prevalence data may not be captured. If acute pain is not accurately identified, it cannot be optimally treated. Further investigation is required to determine how the information from prevalence studies translates to the real-world setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutan Shinde
- Reckitt Benckiser plc (Global Headquarters)BerkshireUK
| | | | - Lisa J. Miles
- Reckitt Benckiser plc (Global Headquarters)BerkshireUK
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Müller B, Gaul C, Glass Ä, Reis O, Jürgens TP, Kropp P, Ruscheweyh R, Straube A, Brähler E, Förderreuther S, Dresler T. Physical Activity is Associated with Less Analgesic Use in Women Reporting Headache-A Cross-Sectional Study of the German Migraine and Headache Society (DMKG). Pain Ther 2022; 11:545-560. [PMID: 35212968 PMCID: PMC9098765 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-022-00362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this analysis is to determine whether regular physical activity is associated with less analgesic use in men and women suffering from headache disorders based on population-based cross-sectional data. METHODS We used data from a random general population sample in Germany that comprised 2477 participants aged ≥ 14 years. A standardized questionnaire addressing headache and headache treatment was filled in during the face-to-face survey. RESULTS Thirty-nine percent of the participants reported headache. Of these, 37.5% of men and 33.6% of women were physically active. Of the participants with headache, 43.3% reported taking analgesics on < 2 days a month, 40.7% on 2-5 days a month, 10.1% on 6-10 days a month, and 5.9% on > 10 days a month. Frequent headache, severe impact of headache on daily life, and depressive symptoms were associated with higher analgesic use in both men and women. For women, physical inactivity was associated with the frequency of analgesic use adjusted for sociodemographic and headache-related variables. For men, results did not suggest any association between physical inactivity and frequency of analgesic use. CONCLUSIONS There are both sex-unspecific and sex-specific factors associated with analgesic use among men and women with headache. In women with increased analgesic use, promoting physical activity may reduce analgesic use. For men, education about the therapeutic effects of physical activity for headaches is an important resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Müller
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Charly Gaul
- Headache Center Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Änne Glass
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Olaf Reis
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tim P Jürgens
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Kropp
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Rostock University Medical Center, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ruth Ruscheweyh
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Straube
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Behavioral Medicine, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Dresler
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Yin L, Wang K, Zhang T, Liu H, Li Y, Luo J. The Survey on Adolescents' Cognition, Attitude, and Behavior of Using Analgesics: Take Sichuan and Chongqing as an Example. Front Public Health 2022; 10:744685. [PMID: 35299697 PMCID: PMC8921534 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.744685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the current situation of knowledge, attitude, and behavior about the correct use of analgesics among adolescents in Western Sichuan and Chongqing and its related factors and to provide a reference for health promotion schools to promote correct medication education and relevant policy-making. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among senior high school students in Sichuan and Chongqing by stratified random sampling. A total of 48 classes were surveyed and 2,280 valid questionnaires were obtained. Descriptive analysis, mean value comparison, and multiple regression analysis were conducted for the data using SPSS17.0 statistical analysis software. Results (1) It showed that 65.5% of the students used methods other than drugs to deal with pain, 52.9% of the students took analgesics prescribed by doctors, more than 60% of the students got information about pain treatment from medical professionals or their families members, 71.6% of the students read the use label when using drugs, and only about 20% of the students knew the dosage and side effects of analgesics. (2) The higher the grade, the higher the proportion of students who often take analgesics prescribed by doctors, the higher the proportion of students who use methods other than drugs to relieve pain, the higher the proportion of students who read the label of analgesics, and the more information sources are introduced by family members. The better the knowledge, attitude, efficacy, and accomplishment of using analgesics, the better the behavior of using analgesics correctly. (3) Students who had taken analgesics provided by their family or friends and who had taken anti-inflammatory analgesics did not perform well in the correct use of analgesics. Conclusion The key factors that influence the correct drug use behavior of middle school students are their correct drug use literacy, efficacy, attitude, and reading of analgesics. Therefore, schools should strengthen cooperation with pharmacists and encourage the promotion of parent-child education activities of correct drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Yin
- Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Medical and Health School, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingran Zhang
- Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Integrative Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, South Korea
| | - Hengxu Liu
- Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiong Luo
- Research Centre for Exercise Detoxification, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Over-the-counter analgesics use is associated with pain and psychological distress among adolescents: a mixed effects approach in cross-sectional survey data from Norway. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2030. [PMID: 34742281 PMCID: PMC8572415 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-the-counter analgesics (OTCA) such as Paracetamol and Ibuprofen are frequently used by adolescents, and the route of administration and access at home allows unsupervised use. Psychological distress and pain occur simultaneously and are more common among females than among males. There is a dynamic interplay between on-label pain indications and psychological distress, and frequent OTCA use or misuse can exacerbate symptoms. No studies have to date provided an overview of frequent OTCA use in a larger population-based study. The current study used survey data to explore associations between and the relative predictive value of on-label pain indication and measures of psychological distress, together with sex differences for weekly OTCA use. METHODS This study included 349,528 adolescents aged 13-19. The data was collected annually between January 2014 and December 2018 as part of the Norwegian Young Data survey. Performance analysis was conducted to explore the relative roles and associations between on-label pain indication and psychological distress in weekly OTCA use. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to explore the unique contributions from four domains of on-label pain indication and psychological distress as measured by a combined measure of anxiety and depression (HSCL-10) and peer-bullying involvement as victims or bullies. RESULTS Thirty percent of females and 13 % of males use OTCA weekly. Headache is the strongest on-label pain predictor of weekly OTCA use, followed by abdominal pain. Depression and anxiety are the strongest psychological predictor of weekly OTCA use, and higher symptom levels and being female increase the strength of this association. Anxiety and depression also predict weekly OTCA use after controlling for physiological pain. CONCLUSIONS Sex, pain and anxiety and depression are inter-correlated and strong predictors of frequent OTCA use. Frequent OTCA use in the context of psychological distress may be a form of self-medication that can exacerbate symptoms and decrease psychosocial function. Longitudinal studies that explore causal trajectories between frequent on-label OTCA use and psychological distress are required. OTCA use among adolescents, and particularly among females, with anxiety and depression should be administered with caution and closely monitored.
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Garmy P, Clausson EK, Janlöv AC, Einberg EL. A Philosophical Review of School Nursing Framed by the Holistic Nursing Theory of Barbara Dossey. J Holist Nurs 2021; 39:216-224. [PMID: 33856238 PMCID: PMC8427807 DOI: 10.1177/08980101211006615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article is a philosophical review of school nursing and its constructs framed by Barbara Dossey's holistic nursing theory. The author describes the application of holistic nursing theory within the school nurse's area of activity. The review suggests that holistic nursing theory can be applied in several areas of school nursing. School nurses have a multifaceted occupation that includes meetings with students, parents, and school staff. Barbara Dossey's holistic nursing theory offers the school nurse tools to deal with people's varied experiences, feelings, and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Garmy
- Kristianstad University
Clinical Health Promotion Center, Lund University
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Duberg A, Jutengren G, Hagberg L, Möller M. The effects of a dance intervention on somatic symptoms and emotional distress in adolescent girls: A randomized controlled trial. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520902610. [PMID: 32019389 PMCID: PMC7111017 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520902610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether a dance intervention for adolescent girls reduces stress-related symptoms. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial of an after-school intervention. Participants were 112 girls aged 13 to 18 years with stress-related somatic symptoms and emotional distress. The intervention comprised twice-weekly dance sessions for 8 months with a focus on enjoyment and socialization. A questionnaire was administered at baseline and after 8, 12 and 20 months. Participants rated the frequency with which they had experienced somatic symptoms and emotional distress during the previous 3 months. Results After the intervention, there was a significantly greater reduction in somatic symptoms and emotional distress in the dance intervention group than in the control group. The difference in the mean score change on a 5-point scale was 0.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04 to 0.47) for somatic symptoms and 0.30 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.58) for emotional distress. Conclusion Dance interventions may reduce somatic symptoms and emotional distress in adolescent girls, and may constitute a nonpharmacological complement to school health services. However, continued participation is needed for long-term sustainable results. Additional randomized studies are required to further evaluate the effect of this type of intervention in different settings. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. Study name: ‘Influencing Adolescent Girls With Creative Dance Twice Weekly’. URL: http: //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01523561. Trial registration number: NCT01523561.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Duberg
- University Health Care Research Center, Region Örebro County, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Göran Jutengren
- School of Health Sciences, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Lars Hagberg
- University Health Care Research Center, Region Örebro County, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Margareta Möller
- University Health Care Research Center, Region Örebro County, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Skarstein S, Helseth S, Kvarme LG. It hurts inside: a qualitative study investigating social exclusion and bullying among adolescents reporting frequent pain and high use of non-prescription analgesics. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:112. [PMID: 33115532 PMCID: PMC7592354 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-00478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being bullied and socially excluded interferes with the fundamental need for humans to belong to a social group, which is necessary for well-being. This might underpin pain and the use of non-prescription analgesics. AIM The aim of the study was to gain insight into how social exclusion and bullying affect well-being in adolescents reporting frequent pain and high use of non-prescription analgesics. METHODS A phenomenological hermeneutical method based on in-depth interviews was used. Nineteen teenagers, 14-16 years of age voluntarily participated in the study. Those included had frequent pain and used non-prescription analgesics daily or several times a week. RESULTS Bullying and social exclusion affects thoughts, feelings and attitudes and thereby the quality of life of the adolescents we interviewed. They described feelings such as sadness, loneliness and depression, and a sense of being an outsider among peers was common. It also appears that bullying has significant potential to spread in a school environment. CONCLUSION The adolescents were self-aware and well-articulated. They conceptualised their experiences of being socially excluded and bullied. They described being socially excluded and bullied by peers as painful and they used non-prescription analgesics to alleviate pain. Teachers and health professionals should be aware of frequent pain and high use of non-prescribed analgesic medication as signs of psychosocial stress caused by social exclusion and bullying. Social exclusion and bullying should be systematically mapped, and targeted interventions implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siv Skarstein
- Faculty of Health and Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sølvi Helseth
- Faculty of Health and Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Gravdal Kvarme
- Faculty of Health and Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130 Oslo, Norway
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11
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Wager J, Brown D, Kupitz A, Rosenthal N, Zernikow B. Prevalence and associated psychosocial and health factors of chronic pain in adolescents: Differences by sex and age. Eur J Pain 2020; 24:761-772. [DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wager
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital Datteln, Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine Witten/Herdecke University Witten Germany
| | - Donnamay Brown
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital Datteln, Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine Witten/Herdecke University Witten Germany
| | - Anna Kupitz
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital Datteln, Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine Witten/Herdecke University Witten Germany
| | - Nicola Rosenthal
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital Datteln, Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine Witten/Herdecke University Witten Germany
| | - Boris Zernikow
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital Datteln, Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine Witten/Herdecke University Witten Germany
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Garmy P, Hansson E, Vilhjálmsson R, Kristjánsdóttir G. Bullying, pain and analgesic use in school-age children. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1896-1900. [PMID: 31069855 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to examine whether the self-reported use of analgesics is associated with being a victim of bullying. METHODS This cross-sectional, school-based survey included all students in grades 6 (11 years old), 8 (13 years old) and 10 (15 years old) in Iceland (response rate: 84%; n = 11 018). The students filled out an anonymous standardised questionnaire: the Icelandic Contribution to the International Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study. RESULTS Being bullied was associated with increased use of analgesics even after controlling for self-reported pain. CONCLUSION Bullying occurs in all schools, and its effects on health are pervasive. Interventions aimed at reducing bullying and promoting health in schools are important and may reduce the use of analgesics in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Garmy
- Faculty of Health Sciences Kristianstad University Kristianstad Sweden
- Clinical Health Promotion Centre Medical Faculty Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Erika Hansson
- Faculty of Education Kristianstad University Kristianstad Sweden
| | | | - Gudrún Kristjánsdóttir
- Faculty of Nursing University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
- Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik Iceland
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