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Zhu Z, Hu Z, Ojima S, Yu X, Sugiyama M, Ono HK, Hu DL. Critical Involvement of the Thioredoxin Reductase Gene ( trxB) in Salmonella Gallinarum-Induced Systemic Infection in Chickens. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1180. [PMID: 38930562 PMCID: PMC11205728 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (SG) causes fowl typhoid, a notifiable infectious disease in poultry. However, the pathogenic mechanism of SG-induced systemic infection in chickens remains unclear. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxB) is a redox protein crucial for regulating various enzyme activities in Salmonella serovar, but the role in SG-induced chicken systemic infection has yet to be determined. Here, we constructed a mutant SG strain lacking the trxB gene (trxB::Cm) and used chicken embryo inoculation and chicken oral infection to investigate the role of trxB gene in the pathogenicity of SG. Our results showed that trxB::Cm exhibited no apparent differences in colony morphology and growth conditions but exhibited reduced tolerance to H2O2 and increased resistance to bile acids. In the chicken embryo inoculation model, there was no significant difference in the pathogenicity of trxB::Cm and wild-type (WT) strains. In the chicken oral infection, the WT-infected group exhibited typical clinical symptoms of fowl typhoid, with complete mortality between days 6 and 9 post infection. In contrast, the trxB::Cm group showed a 100% survival rate, with no apparent clinical symptoms or pathological changes observed. The viable bacterial counts in the liver and spleen of the trxB::Cm-infected group were significantly reduced, accompanied by decreased expression of cytokines and chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, CXCLi1, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), which were significantly lower than those in the WT group. These results show that the pathogenicity of the trxB-deficient strain was significantly attenuated, indicating that the trxB gene is a crucial virulence factor in SG-induced systemic infection in chickens, suggesting that trxB may become a potentially effective target for controlling and preventing SG infection in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhu
- Department of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada 034-8628, Japan; (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (S.O.); (X.Y.); (H.K.O.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zuo Hu
- Department of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada 034-8628, Japan; (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (S.O.); (X.Y.); (H.K.O.)
| | - Shinjiro Ojima
- Department of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada 034-8628, Japan; (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (S.O.); (X.Y.); (H.K.O.)
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Department of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada 034-8628, Japan; (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (S.O.); (X.Y.); (H.K.O.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Makoto Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada 034-8628, Japan;
| | - Hisaya K. Ono
- Department of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada 034-8628, Japan; (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (S.O.); (X.Y.); (H.K.O.)
| | - Dong-Liang Hu
- Department of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada 034-8628, Japan; (Z.Z.); (Z.H.); (S.O.); (X.Y.); (H.K.O.)
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Matsunaga R, Tsumoto K. Addition of arginine hydrochloride and proline to the culture medium enhances recombinant protein expression in Brevibacillus choshinensis: The case of RBD of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its antibody. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 194:106075. [PMID: 35231586 PMCID: PMC8881763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Matsunaga
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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Yao D, Zhang K, Wu J. Available strategies for improved expression of recombinant proteins in Brevibacillus expression system: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1044-1058. [PMID: 32781847 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1805404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Brevibacillus offers great potential as a recombinant protein expression host because of its exceptional abilities to synthesize and excrete proteins and its low extracellular protease activity. Despite these strengths, effective recombinant expression strategies are still the key to achieving high-level expression of recombinant proteins in Brevibacillus due to individual differences among strains and target proteins. Many strategies have been developed to improve recombinant protein expression in Brevibacillus. This review begins by introducing the processes used to establish and apply the Brevibacillus expression system, and then critically discusses the strategies available for improving recombinant protein expression in Brevibacillus, including optimization of the host and the expression vector, co-expression of a fusion partner or foldase, and optimization of the fermentation process. Finally, the prospects for further improvement of recombinant protein expression based on Brevibacillus are also discussed. This review is intended to provide a strategic reference for scientists wanting to improve the expression of a specific recombinant protein in Brevibacillus or other expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Cheng C, Dong Z, Han X, Wang H, Jiang L, Sun J, Yang Y, Ma T, Shao C, Wang X, Chen Z, Fang W, Freitag NE, Huang H, Song H. Thioredoxin A Is Essential for Motility and Contributes to Host Infection of Listeria monocytogenes via Redox Interactions. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:287. [PMID: 28702378 PMCID: PMC5487381 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes employ the thioredoxin system to defend against oxidative stress and ensure correct disulfide bonding to maintain protein function. Listeria monocytogenes has been shown to encode a putative thioredoxin, TrxA, but its biological roles and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we showed that expression of L. monocytogenes TrxA is significantly induced in bacteria treated with the thiol-specific oxidizing agent, diamide. Deletion of trxA markedly compromised tolerance of the pathogen to diamide, and mainly impaired early stages of infection in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. In addition, most trxA mutant bacteria were not associated with polymerized actin, and the rare bacteria that were associated with polymerized actin displayed very short tails or clouds during infection. Deletion or constitutive overexpression of TrxA, which was regulated by SigH, severely attenuated the virulence of the pathogen. Transcriptome analysis of L. monocytogenes revealed over 270 genes that were differentially transcribed in the ΔtrxA mutant compared to the wild-type, especially for the virulence-associated genes plcA, mpl, hly, actA, and plcB. Particularly, deletion of TrxA completely reduced LLO expression, and thereby led to a thoroughly impaired hemolytic activity. Expression of these virulence factors are positively regulated by the master regulator PrfA that was found here to use TrxA to maintain its reduced forms for activation. Interestingly, the trxA deletion mutant completely lacked flagella and was non-motile. We further confirmed that this deficiency is attributable to TrxA in maintaining the reduced intracellular monomer status of MogR, the key regulator for flagellar formation, to ensure correct dimerization. In summary, we demonstrated for the first time that L. monocytogenes thioredoxin A as a vital cellular reductase is essential for maintaining a highly reducing environment in the bacterial cytosol, which provides a favorable condition for protein folding and activation, and therefore contributes to bacterial virulence and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Cheng
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'an, China
| | - Zhimei Dong
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'an, China
| | - Xiao Han
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'an, China
| | - Hang Wang
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'an, China
| | - Li Jiang
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'an, China
| | - Jing Sun
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'an, China
| | - Yongchun Yang
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'an, China
| | - Tiantian Ma
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'an, China
| | - Chunyan Shao
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'an, China
| | - Xiaodu Wang
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'an, China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'an, China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'an, China.,Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary MedicineHangzhou, China
| | - Nancy E Freitag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL, United States
| | - Huarong Huang
- Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Biological and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal UniversityZhejiang, China
| | - Houhui Song
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology of Zhejiang A&F UniversityLin'an, China
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Zou C, Duan X, Wu J. Efficient extracellular expression of Bacillus deramificans pullulanase in Brevibacillus choshinensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:495-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, the pullulanase gene from Bacillus deramificans was efficiently expressed in Brevibacillus choshinensis. The optimal medium for protein expression was determined through a combination of single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. The initial pH of the medium and the culture temperature were optimized. The pullulanase yield increased 10.8-fold through medium and condition optimization at the shake-flask level. From the results of these experiments, the dissolved oxygen level was optimized in a 3-L fermentor. Under these optimized conditions, the pullulanase activity and the specific pullulanase productivity reached 1005.8 U/mL and 110.5 × 103 U/g dry cell weight, respectively, with negligible intracellular expression. The Brevibacillus choshinensis expression system has proven to be valuable for the extracellular production of pullulanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zou
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue 214122 Wuxi China
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue 214122 Wuxi China
| | - Xuguo Duan
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue 214122 Wuxi China
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue 214122 Wuxi China
| | - Jing Wu
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue 214122 Wuxi China
- grid.258151.a 0000000107081323 School of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Avenue 214122 Wuxi China
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Kang T, Wan H, Zhang Y, Shakeel M, Lu Y, You H, Lee KS, Jin BR, Li J. Comparative study of two thioredoxins from common cutworm (Spodoptera litura): cloning, expression, and functional characterization. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 182:47-54. [PMID: 25542738 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trxs) are a ubiquitous family of antioxidant enzymes that are involved in protecting organisms against various oxidative stresses. Here, we cloned and characterized two thioredoxins, named SlTrx1 and SlTrx2, from the common cutworm Spodoptera litura. SlTrx1 and SlTrx2, respectively, consist of 988 and 606 bp full-length cDNA with 318 and 447 bp open reading frames encoding 106 and 149 amino acid residues. Furthermore, the N-terminal region of SlTrx2 contains a predicted mitochondrial localization signal (33 amino acids). A phylogenetic relationship analysis revealed that SlTrx1 is in the cytosolic thioredoxin Trx1 cluster, whereas SlTrx2 is in the mitochondrial thioredoxin Trx2 cluster. Recombinant SlTrx1 (14 kDa) and SlTrx2 (16 kDa), expressed in baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells, demonstrated insulin disulfide reductase activity at the same optimum temperature and pH value of 35 °C and 7.0, respectively, in vitro. During S. litura development, we found that SlTrx1 and SlTrx2 had similar transcript expression patterns and were constitutively expressed in the epidermis, fat body, and midgut, with the highest expression occurring in the sixth-instar larval stage in the epidermis and midgut. In addition, both SlTrx1 and SlTrx2 mRNA were up-regulated in S. litura after injection with H2O2, cumene hydroperoxide, indoxacarb, and metaflumizone. These results suggest that SlTrx1 and SlTrx2 function as potent antioxidant enzymes, and provide a molecular basis for the roles SlTrx1 and SlTrx2 during development and the oxidative stress response of S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghao Kang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hu Wan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yashu Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hong You
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Kwang Sik Lee
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Rae Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Ruan Z, Liu G, Guo Y, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Chang Y, Wang B, Zheng J, Zhang L. First report of a thioredoxin homologue in jellyfish: molecular cloning, expression and antioxidant activity of CcTrx1 from Cyanea capillata. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97509. [PMID: 24824597 PMCID: PMC4019632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxins (Trx proteins) are a family of small, highly-conserved and ubiquitous proteins that play significant roles in the resistance of oxidative damage. In this study, a homologue of Trx was identified from the cDNA library of tentacle of the jellyfish Cyanea capillata and named CcTrx1. The full-length cDNA of CcTrx1 was 479 bp with a 312 bp open reading frame encoding 104 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the putative CcTrx1 protein harbored the evolutionarily-conserved Trx active site 31CGPC34 and shared a high similarity with Trx1 proteins from other organisms analyzed, indicating that CcTrx1 is a new member of Trx1 sub-family. CcTrx1 mRNA was found to be constitutively expressed in tentacle, umbrella, oral arm and gonad, indicating a general role of CcTrx1 protein in various physiological processes. The recombinant CcTrx1 (rCcTrx1) protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), and then purified by affinity chromatography. The rCcTrx1 protein was demonstrated to possess the expected redox activity in enzymatic analysis and protection against oxidative damage of supercoiled DNA. These results indicate that CcTrx1 may function as an important antioxidant in C. capillata. To our knowledge, this is the first Trx protein characterized from jellyfish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengliang Ruan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinlong Chang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiemin Zheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang Q, Hou Y, Qu J, Hong Y, Lin Y, Han X. Molecular cloning, expression, purification and characterization of thioredoxin from Antarctic sea-ice bacteria Pseudoalteromonas sp. AN178. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6587-91. [PMID: 24065544 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) is a highly conserved and multi-functional protein that plays a pivotal role in maintaining the redox state of the cell and in protecting the cell against oxidative stress. Trx gene from Antarctic sea-ice bacteria Pseudoalteromonas sp. AN178 was cloned and expressed as soluble protein in Escherichia coli (designated as PsTrx). Trx gene consisted of an open reading frame of 324-bp nucleotides encoding a protein of 108 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 11.88 kDa. The deduced protein included the conserved Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys active-site sequence. After purification by a single step Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, recombinant PsTrx with a high specific activity of 96.67 U/mg was obtained. The purified PsTrx had an optimal temperature and pH of 25 °C and 7.0, respectively, and showed about 55 % of the residual catalytic activity even at 0-10 °C. It had high tolerance to a wide range of NaCl concentrations (0-2 M NaCl) and was stable in the presence of H2O2. This research suggested that PsTrx displayed unique catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfu Wang
- School of Marine and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China
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Revathy KS, Umasuthan N, Lee Y, Whang I, Kim HC, Lee J. Cytosolic thioredoxin from Ruditapes philippinarum: molecular cloning, characterization, expression and DNA protection activity of the recombinant protein. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 36:85-92. [PMID: 21740925 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (TRx) is a small redox protein that plays significant roles in protection against oxidative stress and in cell homeostasis by maintaining oxidized proteins in a reduced state. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a full-length TRx cDNA sequence from manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum and named it as RpTRx. The full length sequence consists of 1416 bp with an open reading frame of 318 bp encoding for 106 amino acids. RpTRx protein harbors evolutionarily-conserved TRx active site (32)WCGPC(36). Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close proximity of RpTRx with the orthologue in Japanese scallop, Chlamys farreri. RpTRx was found to be constitutively expressed in hemocyte, gill, mantle, foot and siphon indicating a general role in physiological processes in various tissues. With regard to a potential role in immune responses, the RpTRx mRNA was found to be up-regulated in hemocytes after bacterial (Vibrio tapetis) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge at 3h post-infection (p.i.); a wavering increase was observed up to 96 h p.i. for LPS challenge and 48 h p.i. for bacterial challenge. Thus, RpTRx may function as an intracellular antioxidant to protect the cells against ROS induced by LPS and bacterial challenges. Indeed, when recombinant RpTRx protein (rRpTRx) was over-expressed in Escherichiacoli Rosetta gami(TM) (DE3) cells, it was able to scavenge free radicals and protect super-coiled DNA from oxidative damage induced by a metal-ion catalyzed oxidation reaction. In summary, RpTRx plays an essential role in cellular defense and maintenance of homeostasis in the manila clam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasthuri Saranya Revathy
- Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Arnau J, Lauritzen C, Petersen GE, Pedersen J. Current strategies for the use of affinity tags and tag removal for the purification of recombinant proteins. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 48:1-13. [PMID: 16427311 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2005] [Revised: 11/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Affinity tags are highly efficient tools for protein purification. They allow the purification of virtually any protein without any prior knowledge of its biochemical properties. The use of affinity tags has therefore become widespread in several areas of research e.g., high throughput expression studies aimed at finding a biological function to large numbers of yet uncharacterized proteins. In some cases, the presence of the affinity tag in the recombinant protein is unwanted or may represent a disadvantage for the projected application of the protein, like for clinical use. Therefore, an increasing number of approaches are available at present that are designed for the removal of the affinity tag from the recombinant protein. Most of these methods employ recombinant endoproteases that recognize a specific sequence. These process enzymes can subsequently be removed from the process by affinity purification, since they also include a tag. Here, a survey of the most common affinity tags and the current methods for tag removal is presented, with special emphasis on the removal of N-terminal histidine tags using TAGZyme, a system based on exopeptidase cleavage. In the quest to reduce the significant costs associated with protein purification at large scale, relevant aspects involved in the development of downstream processes for pharmaceutical protein production that incorporate a tag removal step are also discussed. A comparison of the yield of standard vs. affinity purification together with an example of tag removal using TAGZyme is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Arnau
- Unizyme Laboratories A/S, Dr. Neergaards vej 17, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark.
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