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Nguyen TLA, Dao ATN, Dang HTC, Koekkoek J, Brouwer A, de Boer TE, van Spanning RJM. Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) by fungi originating from Vietnam. Biodegradation 2022; 33:301-316. [PMID: 35499742 PMCID: PMC9106640 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-09982-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three different fungi were tested for their ability to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and for the role of laccases and cytochromes P450-type in this process. We studied a white-rot fungus Rigidoporus sp. FMD21, which has a high laccase activity, for its efficiency to degrade these herbicides. A positive correlation was found between its laccase activity and the corresponding herbicide degradation rate. Even more, the doubling of the enzyme activity in this phase corresponded with a doubling of the herbicide degradation rate. It is, therefore, tempting to speculate that laccase is the most dominant enzyme in the degradation of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T under these conditions. In addition, it was shown that Rigidoporus sp. FMD21 partly relies on cytochromes P450-type for the breakdown of the herbicides as well. Two filamentous fungi were isolated from soil contaminated with herbicides and dioxins located at Bien Hoa airbase. They belong to genera Fusarium and Verticillium of the phylum Ascomycota as judged by their 18S rRNA gene sequences. Both isolated fungi were able to degrade the herbicides but with different rates. Their laccase activity, however, was very low and did not correlate with the rate of breakdown of the herbicides. These data indicate that the white-rot fungus most likely synthesizes laccase and cytochromes P450-type for the breakdown of the herbicides, while the types of enzyme used for the breakdown of the herbicides by the two Ascomycota remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Lan Anh Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Anh Thi Ngoc Dao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- MicroLife Solutions, Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ha Thi Cam Dang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jacco Koekkoek
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- BioDetection Systems, Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjalf E de Boer
- MicroLife Solutions, Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J M van Spanning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pandian BA, Sathishraj R, Prasad PVV, Jugulam M. A single gene inherited trait confers metabolic resistance to chlorsulfuron in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). PLANTA 2021; 253:48. [PMID: 33484360 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study confirms a high level of metabolic resistance to the herbicide chlorsulfuron, inherited by a single dominant gene in a sorghum genotype (GL-1). Chlorsulfuron, an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitor, effectively controls post-emergence grass and broadleaf weeds but is not registered for use in sorghum because of crop injury. The objectives of this study were to characterize the inheritance and mechanism of chlorsulfuron resistance in the sorghum genotype GL-1. Chlorsulfuron dose-response experiments were conducted using GL-1 along with BTx623 (susceptible check), and Pioneer 84G62 (commercial sorghum hybrid). The F1 and F2 progeny were generated by crossing GL-1 with BTx623. To assess if the target site alterations bestow resistance, the ALS gene, the molecular target of chlorsulfuron, was sequenced from GL-1. The role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) in metabolizing chlorsulfuron, using malathion, a CYP-inhibitor was tested. The chlorsulfuron dose-response assay indicated that GL-1 and F1 progeny were ~ 20-fold more resistant to chlorsulfuron relative to BTx623. The F2 progenies segregated 3:1 (resistance: susceptibility) suggesting that chlorsulfuron resistance in GL-1 is a single dominant trait. No mutations in the ALS gene were detected in the GL-1; however, a significant reduction in biomass accumulation was found in plants pre-treated with malathion indicating that metabolism of chlorsulfuron contributes to resistance in GL-1. Also, GL-1 is highly susceptible to other herbicides (e.g., mesotrione and tembotrione) compared to Pioneer 84G62, suggesting the existence of a negative cross-resistance in GL-1. Overall, these results confirm a high level of metabolic resistance to chlorsulfuron inherited by a single dominant gene in GL-1 sorghum. These results have potential for developing chlorsulfuron-tolerant sorghum hybrids, with the ability to improve post-emergence weed control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P V Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Mithila Jugulam
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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Zhao N, Li W, Bai S, Guo W, Yuan G, Wang F, Liu W, Wang J. Transcriptome Profiling to Identify Genes Involved in Mesosulfuron-Methyl Resistance in Alopecurus aequalis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1391. [PMID: 28848590 PMCID: PMC5552757 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-target-site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides is a worldwide concern for weed control. However, as the dominant NTSR mechanism in weeds, metabolic resistance is not yet well-characterized at the genetic level. For this study, we have identified a shortawn foxtail (Alopecurus aequalis Sobol.) population displaying both TSR and NTSR to mesosulfuron-methyl and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, yet the molecular basis for this NTSR remains unclear. To investigate the mechanisms of metabolic resistance, an RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis was used to find candidate genes that may confer metabolic resistance to the herbicide mesosulfuron-methyl in this plant population. The RNA-Seq libraries generated 831,846,736 clean reads. The de novo transcriptome assembly yielded 95,479 unigenes (averaging 944 bp in length) that were assigned putative annotations. Among these, a total of 29,889 unigenes were assigned to 67 GO terms that contained three main categories, and 14,246 unigenes assigned to 32 predicted KEGG metabolic pathways. Global gene expression was measured using the reads generated from the untreated control (CK), water-only control (WCK), and mesosulfuron-methyl treatment (T) of R and susceptible (S). Contigs that showed expression differences between mesosulfuron-methyl-treated R and S biotypes, and between mesosulfuron-methyl-treated, water-treated and untreated R plants were selected for further quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) validation analyses. Seventeen contigs were consistently highly expressed in the resistant A. aequalis plants, including four cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CytP450) genes, two glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes, two glucosyltransferase (GT) genes, two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes, and seven additional contigs with functional annotations related to oxidation, hydrolysis, and plant stress physiology. These 17 contigs could serve as major candidate genes for contributing to metabolic mesosulfuron-methyl resistance; hence they deserve further functional study. This is the first large-scale transcriptome-sequencing study to identify NTSR genes in A. aequalis that uses the Illumina platform. This work demonstrates that NTSR is likely driven by the differences in the expression patterns of a set of genes. The assembled transcriptome data presented here provide a valuable resource for A. aequalis biology, and should facilitate the study of herbicide resistance at the molecular level in this and other weed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
| | - Shuang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
| | - Wenlei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
| | - Guohui Yuan
- Eco-environment and Plant Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
| | - Weitang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an, China
- *Correspondence: Jinxin Wang
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Pan L, Gao H, Xia W, Zhang T, Dong L. Establishing a herbicide-metabolizing enzyme library in Beckmannia syzigachne to identify genes associated with metabolic resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:1745-57. [PMID: 26739863 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Non-target site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides is an increasing concern for weed control. Metabolic herbicide resistance is an important mechanism for NTSR. However, little is known about metabolic resistance at the genetic level. In this study, we have identified three fenoxaprop-P-ethyl-resistant American sloughgrass (Beckmannia syzigachne Steud.) populations, in which the molecular basis for NTSR remains unclear. To reveal the mechanisms of metabolic resistance, the genes likely to be involved in herbicide metabolism (e.g. for cytochrome P450s, esterases, hydrolases, oxidases, peroxidases, glutathione S-transferases, glycosyltransferases, and transporter proteins) were isolated using transcriptome sequencing, in combination with RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR) and RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). Consequently, we established a herbicide-metabolizing enzyme library containing at least 332 genes, and each of these genes was cloned and the sequence and the expression level compared between the fenoxaprop-P-ethyl-resistant and susceptible populations. Fifteen metabolic enzyme genes were found to be possibly involved in fenoxaprop-P-ethyl resistance. In addition, we found five metabolizing enzyme genes that have a different gene sequence in plants of susceptible versus resistant B. syzigachne populations. These genes may be major candidates for herbicide metabolic resistance. This established metabolic enzyme library represents an important step forward towards a better understanding of herbicide metabolism and metabolic resistance in this and possibly other closely related weed species. This new information may help to understand weed metabolic resistance and to develop novel strategies of weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haitao Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenwen Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liyao Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
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Gaines TA, Lorentz L, Figge A, Herrmann J, Maiwald F, Ott MC, Han H, Busi R, Yu Q, Powles SB, Beffa R. RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis to identify genes involved in metabolism-based diclofop resistance in Lolium rigidum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:865-76. [PMID: 24654891 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Weed control failures due to herbicide resistance are an increasing and worldwide problem that significantly affect crop yields. Metabolism-based herbicide resistance (referred to as metabolic resistance) in weeds is not well characterized at the genetic level. An RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis was used to find candidate genes that conferred metabolic resistance to the herbicide diclofop in a diclofop-resistant population (R) of the major global weed Lolium rigidum. A reference cDNA transcriptome (19 623 contigs) was assembled and assigned putative annotations. Global gene expression was measured using Illumina reads from untreated control, adjuvant-only control, and diclofop treatment of R and susceptible (S). Contigs that showed constitutive expression differences between untreated R and untreated S were selected for further validation analysis, including 11 contigs putatively annotated as cytochrome P450 (CytP450), glutathione transferase (GST), or glucosyltransferase (GT), and 17 additional contigs with annotations related to metabolism or signal transduction. In a forward genetics validation experiment, nine contigs had constitutive up-regulation in R individuals from a segregating F2 population, including three CytP450, one nitronate monooxygenase (NMO), three GST, and one GT. Principal component analysis using these nine contigs differentiated F2 -R from F2 -S individuals. In a physiological validation experiment in which 2,4-D pre-treatment induced diclofop protection in S individuals due to increased metabolism, seven of the nine genetically validated contigs were induced significantly. Four contigs (two CytP450, NMO, and GT) were consistently highly expressed in nine field-evolved metabolic resistant L. rigidum populations. These four contigs were strongly associated with the resistance phenotype and are major candidates for contributing to metabolic diclofop resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Gaines
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative (AHRI), School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Bayer CropScience, Weed Resistance Research, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Research progress relating to the role of cytochrome P450 in the biosynthesis of terpenoids in medicinal plants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:2371-83. [PMID: 24413977 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5496-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids are an extensive and diverse group of plant secondary metabolites. To date, they have been applied in many fields including industry, medicine and health. The wide variety of terpenoid compounds cannot arise solely from simple cyclisations of a precursor molecule or from a single-step reaction; their structural diversity depends on the modification of many specific chemical groups, rearrangements of their skeletal structures and on the post-modification reactions. Most of the post-modification enzymes that catalyse these reactions are cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Therefore, the discovery and identification of plant P450 genes plays a vital role in the exploration of terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. This review summarises recent research progress relating to the function of plant cytochrome P450 enzymes, describes P450 genes that have been cloned from full-length cDNA and identifies the function of P450 enzymes in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathways of several medicinal plants.
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