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Taghizadeh MH, Khajeh K, Nasirpour N, Mousavi SM. Maximization of uricase production in a column bioreactor through response surface methodology-based optimization. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035023. [PMID: 38697098 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad467f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Uricase (EC 1.7.3.3) is an oxidoreductase enzyme that is widely exploited for diagnostic and treatment purposes in medicine. This study focuses on producing recombinant uricase fromE. coliBL21 in a bubble column bioreactor (BCB) and finding the optimal conditions for maximum uricase activity. The three most effective variables on uricase activity were selected through the Plackett-Burman design from eight different variables and were further optimized by the central composite design of the response surface methodology (RSM). The selected variables included the inoculum size (%v/v), isopropylβ-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) concentration (mM) and the initial pH of the culture medium. The activity of uricase, the final optical density at 600 nm wavelength (OD600) and the final pH were considered as the responses of this optimization and were modeled. As a result, activity of 5.84 U·ml-1and a final OD600of 3.42 were obtained at optimum conditions of 3% v/v inoculum size, an IPTG concentration of 0.54 mM and a pH of 6.0. By purifying the obtained enzyme using a Ni-NTA agarose affinity chromatography column, 165 ± 1.5 mg uricase was obtained from a 600 ml cell culture. The results of this study show that BCBs can be a highly effective option for large-scale uricase production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Biological Sciences Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Nasirpour
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Modares Environmental Research Institute, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Yan X, Hu W, Zhu YG, Liu QQ, Wang S, Liu HY, Zhu D, Lv ZH, Li LH, Yin YR. Cloning, Heterologous Expression, and Characterization of a Neutral Uricase from Arthrobacter sp. CSAJ-16 in Cangshan Mountain. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:277-283. [PMID: 37725900 PMCID: PMC10561068 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Uricase (or Urate oxidase), a key enzyme involved in purine metabolism, is commonly used in treating conditions such as gout, hyperuricemia, and tumor lysis syndrome. In this study, a uricase-producing strain (named CSAJ-16) was isolated from the soil sample of Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan Province, China. This strain was identified as Arthrobacter sp. CSAJ-16. Based on the gene sequence alignment, the uricase gene (named aruox) of Arthrobacter sp. CSAJ-16 was amplified and heterologously expressed. The recombinant uricase (ArUOX) was about 32 kDa. The optimal pH and temperature of ArUOX were pH 7 and 20°C, respectively. The ArUOX remained above 50% relative activity after incubation at 37°C for 100 min or at pH 6.0-8.6 for 24 h. Moreover, metal ions such as K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+ and Pb2+ can significantly enhance the activity of ArUOX (> 200%). These enzymatic properties indicate that ArUOX has potential applications in pharmaceutical enzymes and uric acid detection kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Guo Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhu
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hua Lv
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Hua Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Rui Yin
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali, People's Republic of China
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Mahmoudi B, Soleimanifar F, Shabani S, Dorreyatim SS, Mastalibiglo AS, Ahmadi M, Parand M, Mahboudi H. High yield expression and purification of Aspergillus flavus uricase cloned in Pichia pink™ expression system. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:306. [PMID: 37605761 PMCID: PMC10439865 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, for the first time, A. flavus uricase gene was cloned in pPink-UOX plasmid under strong alcohol oxidase promoter of Pichia pink expression system after codon optimization. After selecting the best uricase producing clone with an activity of 0.7 U/ml at the Flask level, a 5-L fermenter was used to increase the expression of the enzyme. Within 60 h, the fermentation process produced 1500 g of biomass from 4 L of semi defined culture media and expressed 2.5 g/L of the enzyme. The purity of recombinant uricase production using three consecutive DEAE Sepharose, CM Sepharose and Phenyl Sepharose columns was above 99%, which was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC analyses. Size exclusion chromatography analysis showed that the purified enzyme has comparable heterogeneity to the Rasburicase. The yield of recombinant uricase production in this study was 63% and its specific activity was 24 U/mg. The high expression of recombinant uricase in the Pichia pink strain and the increased enzyme activity compared to the standard sample indicate the potential of therapeutic and diagnostic applications of recombinant uricase in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Research and Development Department, Barsam Pharmed Company, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Soleimanifar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sadeq Shabani
- Department of Biological Science, Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | | | | | - Mohammad Ahmadi
- Research and Development Department, Barsam Pharmed Company, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Parand
- Research and Development Department, Persisgen Par Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Mahboudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Jiao Y, Zhu Y, Zeng S, Wang S, Chen J, Zhou X, Ma G. Characterization of a novel marine microbial uricase from Priestia flexa and evaluation of the effects of CMCS conjugation on its enzymatic properties. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36398928 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2145611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel uricase producing marine bacterium Priestia flexa alkaAU was isolated and identified. The 16S rDNA and the uricase coding gene were sequenced, analyzed and submitted to GenBank. The uricase from Priestia flexa alkaAU (PFU) was purified, determined to be 58.87 kDa, and conjugated with carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) by ionic gelation. CMCS conjugation had no effect on the optimum pH of PFU but decreased the optimum temperature by 10 °C. CMCS conjugation increased the specific activity of PFU by 53% at the human body temperature (37 °C) and small intestine's pH (pH 6.8). Uricase thermostabilizing ability of CMCS was significant in the range of 37-80 °C but not at lower temperatures. For improvement of the pH stability of PFU, CMCS was more effective at pHs 3-5 than pHs 6-11. CMCS increased the half-life of PFU against artificial intestinal fluid by 1.5 folds, which demonstrated the potential capability of CMCS-PFU for oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuLiang Jiao
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - YuYing Zhu
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - ShuMin Zeng
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - ShuFang Wang
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiangHong Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - GuiZhen Ma
- School of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
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Characterization and Cys-directed mutagenesis of urate oxidase from Bacillus subtilis BS04. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Structural and biochemical insights into a hyperthermostable urate oxidase from Thermobispora bispora for hyperuricemia and gout therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:914-923. [PMID: 34403675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbial urate oxidase has emerged as a potential source of therapeutic properties for hyperuricemia in arthritic gout and renal disease. The thermostability and long-term thermal tolerance of the enzyme need to be established to prolong its therapeutic effects. Here, we present the biochemical and structural aspects of a hyperthermostable urate oxidase (TbUox) from the thermophilic microorganism Thermobispora bispora. Enzymatic characterization of TbUox revealed that it was active over a wide range of temperatures, from 30 to 70 °C, with optimal activity at 65 °C and pH 8.0, which suggests its applicability under physiological conditions. Moreover, TbUox exhibits high thermostability from 10 to 65 °C, with Tm of 70.3 °C and near-neutral pH stability from pH 7.0 to 8.0 and high thermal tolerance. The crystal structures of TbUox revealed a distinct feature of the C-terminal loop extensions that may help with protein stability via inter-subunit interactions. In addition, the high thermal tolerance of TbUox may be contributed by the extensive inter-subunit contacts via salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. The findings in this study provide a molecular basis for the thermophilic TbUox urate oxidase for application in hyperuricemia and gout therapy.
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Enhancement of Thermostability of Aspergillus flavus Urate Oxidase by Immobilization on the Ni-Based Magnetic Metal-Organic Framework. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071759. [PMID: 34361145 PMCID: PMC8308117 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The improvement in the enzyme activity of Aspergillus flavus urate oxidase (Uox) was attained by immobilizing it on the surface of a Ni-based magnetic metal–organic framework (NimMOF) nanomaterial; physicochemical properties of NimMOF and its application as an enzyme stabilizing support were evaluated, which revealed a significant improvement in its stability upon immobilization on NimMOF (Uox@NimMOF). It was affirmed that while the free Uox enzyme lost almost all of its activity at ~40–45 °C, the immobilized Uox@NimMOF retained around 60% of its original activity, even retaining significant activity at 70 °C. The activation energy (Ea) of the enzyme was calculated to be ~58.81 kJ mol−1 after stabilization, which is approximately half of the naked Uox enzyme. Furthermore, the external spectroscopy showed that the MOF nanomaterials can be coated by hydrophobic areas of the Uox enzyme, and the immobilized enzyme was active over a broad range of pH and temperatures, which bodes well for the thermal and long-term stability of the immobilized Uox on NimMOF.
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Molecular Elucidation of a Urate Oxidase from Deinococcus radiodurans for Hyperuricemia and Gout Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115611. [PMID: 34070642 PMCID: PMC8199477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Urate oxidase initiates the uric acid degradation pathways and is extensively used for protein drug development for gout therapy and serum uric acid diagnosis. We first present the biochemical and structural elucidation of a urate oxidase from the extremophile microorganism Deinococcus radiodurans (DrUox). From enzyme characterization, DrUox showed optimal catalytic ability at 30 °C and pH 9.0 with high stability under physiological conditions. Only the Mg2+ ion moderately elevated its activity, which indicates the characteristic of the cofactor-free urate oxidase family. Of note, DrUox is thermostable in mesophilic conditions. It retains almost 100% activity when incubated at 25 °C and 37 °C for 24 h. In this study, we characterized a thermostable urate oxidase, DrUox with high catalytic efficiency and thermal stability, which strengthens its potential for medical applications.
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Khaleghi R, Asad S. Heterologous expression of recombinant urate oxidase using the intein-mediated protein purification in Pichia pastoris. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:120. [PMID: 33628707 PMCID: PMC7870736 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of urate oxidase (uricase) for clinical use has been highlighted because of its role in lowering the blood uric acid levels for the treatment of tumor lysis syndrome. In the present study, the codon-optimized synthetic gene of Aspergillus flavus uricase was fused to the Mxe GyrA intein and chitin-binding domain. The construct was inserted into pPICZA and pPICZαA vectors and electroporated into Pichia pastoris GS115 for the cytosolic and secretory expression. Transformants were screened on gradients of Zeocin up to 2000 μg/ml to find multi-copy integrants. For both constructs, colonies with more resistance were screened for the highest uricase producers by enzyme assay. PCR analysis confirmed successful cassettes insertion into the genome and Mut + phenotype. The gene copy index was determined to be two and five for cytosolic and secretory strains, respectively. Productivity of the cytosolic and secretory strains was found to be 0.74 and 0.001 U/ml culture media in order while the cytosolic recombinant enzyme accounted for about 6% of total proteins. One-step purification of the expressed uricase was done with the aid of the chitin affinity column, followed by DTT induction for intein on-column cleavage. The yield of 40.8 mg/L and K m of 0.22 mM was obtained for intracellular expression. It seems that the intracellular production of uricase can indeed serve as an effective alternative to secretory expression. Moreover, this is the first report considering cytosolic production of uricase using the intein-mediated protein purification in the methylotrophic yeast, P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Khaleghi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Wang Y, Lu J, Huang Z, Qian M, Zhang Q, Feng J. Process development of recombinant Aspergillus flavus urate oxidase production in Pichia pastoris intracellularly and its characterization as a potential biosimilar. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Tork SE, Aly MM, Al-Fattani SQ. A new uricase from Bacillus cereus SKIII: Characterization, gene identification and genetic improvement. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:3135-3144. [PMID: 33122065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five microbial isolates were investigated for uricase production on uric acid medium. All isolates were obtained from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The highest uricase producer was identified as Bacillus cereus SKIII. Using glucose peptone broth at pH 7.5, incubation temperature 30 °C for 3 days with shaking of 150 rpm were the best conditions for maximum enzyme production. Glucose and peptone were the best carbon and nitrogen sources. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was34.5 KDa, and isoelectric point was 7.9. The optimum pH and temperature were pH 8.0 and 35 °C, respectively. It was stable at 35 °C for 60 min, but thermally inactivated at 60 °C after 60 min Its enzymatic activity was enhanced by Mg2+, Ca2+,Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ions and inhibited by Co2+, Na+, Hg2+, Ag+ ions and EDTA at 1 mM. Uricase production was enhanced using UV mutation and the obtained mutant produced six times higher than the original isolate. An amplicon 900 bp of uricase gene (Pucl) was sequenced (accession number MF417635). No remarkable difference was noticed in B. cereus SKIII and SKm mutant nucleotide sequences. In conclusion, SKIII and SKm are promising strains in uricase production for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa E Tork
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Microbial Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Magda M Aly
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, KafrElsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Safa Q Al-Fattani
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Rezaeian Marjani L, Imani M, Zarei Jaliani H. Enhancement of Pharmaceutical Urate Oxidase Thermostability by Rational Design of De Novo Disulfide Bridge. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 18:e2662. [PMID: 33850949 PMCID: PMC8035418 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2020.2662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose As a therapeutic enzyme, urate oxidase is utilized in the reduction of uric acid in various conditions such as gout or tumor syndrome lysis. However, even bearing kinetical advantage over other counterparts, it suffers from structural instability most likely due to its subcellular and fungal origin. Objectives In this research, by using rational design and introduction of de novo disulfide bridge in urate oxidase structure, we designed and created a thermostable urate oxidase for the first time. Materials and Methods Utilizing site-directed mutagenesis and only with one point mutation we constructed two separate mutants: Ala6Cys and Ser282Cys which covalently linked subunits of enzyme each other. Single mutation to cysteine created three inter-chain disulfide bridges and one hydrogen bond in Ala6Cys and two disulfide bridges in Ser282Cys. Results Both mutants showed 10 °C increase in optimum activity compared to wild-type enzyme while the Km values for both increased by 50% and their specific activity compromised. The thermal stability of Ser282Cys increased remarkably by comparing Ala6Cys and wild-type enzymes. Estimation of half life for wild-type enzyme demonstrated 38.5 min, while for Ala6Cys and Ser282Cys were 138 and 115 min, respectively. Interestingly, the optimal pH of both mutants was broaden from 7 to 10, which could make them candidates for industrial applications. Conclusion It seemed that introducing disulfide bridges resulted in local and overall rigidity by bringing two adjacent sites of enzyme together and decreasing the conformational entropy of unfolding state is responsible for the enhancement of thermostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Rezaeian Marjani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mehdi Imani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hossein Zarei Jaliani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Nayab A, Moududee SA, Shi Y, Jiang Y, Gong Q. Crystal Structure of Urate Oxidase from Bacillus Subtilis 168. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774519070149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Production and Purification of Therapeutic Enzymes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1148:1-24. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7709-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Wang B, Luo L, Wang D, Ding R, Hong J. Efficient purification of a recombinant tag-free thermostable Kluyveromyces marxianus uricase by pH-induced self-cleavage of intein and expression in Escherichia coli. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:400. [PMID: 30221113 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Uricase as an important healthcare-related protein is extensively used in the treatment of tumor lysis syndrome and in the manufacture of serum uric-acid diagnostic kits. In this study, a gene of a new thermostable uricase (KmUOX) was cloned from thermotolerant yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. The uricase was fused with a self-cleaving intein and cellulose-binding affinity tag and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Through the binding to inexpensive cellulose and in situ intein cleavage induced by a pH change, tag-free uricase (KmUOX) was efficiently purified with a 77.11% yield via a single-step column purification strategy. This tag-free uricase showed Km, Vmax, and Kcat values of 67.60 µM, 56.35 µM/(min mg), and 32.74 S-1, respectively. Furthermore, this pure uricase was relatively thermostable and retained 79.75% of activity when incubated at 40 °C for 90 h. Thus, this pH-induced self-cleavable intein system combined with a cellulose matrix for affinity chromatography is proven here to be an effective and low-cost method for recombinant-uricase purification. Moreover, the stability of KmUOX makes it useful for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangchun Wang
- 1Institutes of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Laipeng Luo
- 1Institutes of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- 2School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
| | - Rui Ding
- 1Institutes of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui China
| | - Jiong Hong
- 2School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230036 Anhui China
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Imani M, Shahmohamadnejad S. Recombinant production of Aspergillus Flavus uricase and investigation of its thermal stability in the presence of raffinose and lactose. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:201. [PMID: 28667645 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus uricase (Rasburicase) with a molecular mass of 135 kDa is currently used for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia occurring in tumor lysis syndrome. To characterize the effects of raffinose and lactose osmolytes on the uricase structure, its coding sequence was cloned, expressed in E. coli BL21, and purified by Ni-NTA agarose affinity chromatography. Thermal inactivation studies at 40 °C showed that nearly 15% of UOX activity was preserved, while the presence of raffinose and lactose reduced its activity to 35 and 45% of its original activity, respectively. Investigation of UOX thermal stability at 40 °C in the course of time showed that the enzyme relatively lost almost 60% of its original activity after 40 min, whereas more than 50% of UOX activity is preserved in the presence of lactose. Estimation of thermal inactivation rate constant, k in, showed that the UOX k in and UOX k in in the presence of raffinose was unchanged (0.018 min-1), whereas for the presence of lactose, it was 0.015 min-1. Half-life and T m analysis showed that UOX half-life is almost 38 min and addition of raffinose did not change the half-life, whereas the presence of lactose had remarkable impact on UOX half-life (46 min). The presence of raffinose increased UOX T m to a lesser extent, whereas lactose notably enhanced the T m from 27 to 37 °C. Overall, our findings show that lactose has protective effects on UOX stability, while for raffinose, it is relatively compromised.
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Li W, Xu S, Zhang B, Zhu Y, Hua Y, Kong X, Sun L, Hong J. Directed evolution to improve the catalytic efficiency of urate oxidase from Bacillus subtilis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177877. [PMID: 28531234 PMCID: PMC5439685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Urate oxidase is a key enzyme in purine metabolism and catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin. It is used to treat hyperuricemia and gout, and also in a diagnostic kit. In this study, error-prone polymerase chain reaction and staggered extension process was used to generate a mutant urate oxidase with improved enzyme activity from Bacillus subtilis. After several rounds of mutagenesis and screening, two mutants 6E9 and 8E279 were obtained which exhibited 2.99 and 3.43 times higher catalytic efficiency, respectively. They also exhibited lower optimal reaction temperature and higher thermo-stability. D44V, Q268R and K285Q were identified as the three most beneficial amino acid substitutions introduced by site-directed mutagenesis. D44V/Q268R, which was obtained through random combination of the three mutants, displayed the highest catalytic activity. The Km,kcat/Km and enzyme activity of D44V/Q268R increased by 68%, 83% and 129% respectively, compared with that of wild-type urate oxidase. Structural modeling indicated that mutations far from the active site can have significant effects on activity. For many of them, the underlying mechanisms are still difficult to explain from the static structural model. We also compared the effects of the same set of single point mutations on the wild type and on the final mutant. The results indicate strong effects of epistasis, which may imply that the mutations affect catalysis through influences on protein dynamics besides equilibrium structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Shouteng Xu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Biao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yelin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yan Hua
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xin Kong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Lianhong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Hong
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Chen RJ, Chen MH, Chen YL, Hsiao CM, Chen HM, Chen SJ, Wu MD, Yech YJ, Yuan GF, Wang YJ. Evaluating the urate-lowering effects of different microbial fermented extracts in hyperuricemic models accompanied with a safety study. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 25:597-606. [PMID: 28911646 PMCID: PMC9328828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) is an end product of purine metabolism by the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XOD). Hyperuricemia is characterized by the accumulation of serum UA and is an important risk factor for gout and many chronic disorders. XOD inhibitors or uricase (catalyzes UA to the more soluble end product) can prevent these chronic diseases. However, currently available hypouricemic agents induce severe side effects. Therefore, we developed new microbial fermented extracts (MFEs) with substantial XOD inhibition activity from Lactobacillus (MFE-21) and Acetobacter (MFE-25), and MFE-120 with high uricase activity from Aspergillus. The urate-lowering effects and safety of these MFEs were evaluated. Our results showed that MFE-25 exerts superior urate-lowering effects in the therapeutic model. In the preventive model, both MFE-120 and MFE-25 significantly reduced UA. The results of the safety study showed that no organ toxicity and no treatment-related adverse effects were observed in mice treated with high doses of MFEs. Taken together, the results showed the effectiveness of MFEs in reducing hyperuricemia without systemic toxicity in mice at high doses, suggesting that they are safe for use in the treatment and prevention of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Huei Chen
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Mao Hsiao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Min Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Jhen Chen
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Wu
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Yech
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Fang Yuan
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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19
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Torres-Acosta MA, Aguilar-Yáñez JM, Rito-Palomares M, Titchener-Hooker NJ. Economic analysis of uricase production under uncertainty: Contrast of chromatographic purification and aqueous two-phase extraction (with and without PEG recycle). Biotechnol Prog 2015; 32:126-33. [PMID: 26561271 PMCID: PMC5102581 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Uricase is the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of uric acid, the key molecule leading to gout in humans, into allantoin, but it is absent in humans. It has been produced as a PEGylated pharmaceutical where the purification is performed through three sequential chromatographic columns. More recently an aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) was reported that could recover Uricase with high yield and purity. Although the use of ATPS can decrease cost and time, it also generates a large amount of waste. The ability, therefore, to recycle key components of ATPS is of interest. Economic modelling is a powerful tool that allows the bioprocess engineer to compare possible outcomes and find areas where further research or optimization might be required without recourse to extensive experiments and time. This research provides an economic analysis using the commercial software BioSolve of the strategies for Uricase production: chromatographic and ATPS, and includes a third bioprocess that uses material recycling. The key parameters that affect the process the most were located via a sensitivity analysis and evaluated with a Monte Carlo analysis. Results show that ATPS is far less expensive than chromatography, but that there is an area where the cost of production of both bioprocesses overlap. Furthermore, recycling does not impact the cost of production. This study serves to provide a framework for the economic analysis of Uricase production using alternative techniques. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:126–133, 2016
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Torres-Acosta
- Centro De Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico De Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, NL, 64849, México.,Dept. of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K
| | - José M Aguilar-Yáñez
- Centro De Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico De Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, NL, 64849, México
| | - Marco Rito-Palomares
- Centro De Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico De Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, NL, 64849, México
| | - Nigel J Titchener-Hooker
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering, The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, U.K
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20
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Fazel R, Zarei N, Ghaemi N, Namvaran MM, Enayati S, Mirabzadeh Ardakani E, Azizi M, Khalaj V. Cloning and expression of Aspergillus flavus urate oxidase in Pichia pastoris. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:395. [PMID: 25105091 PMCID: PMC4124111 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Urate oxidase is an important enzyme with therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Rasburicase is a recombinant urate oxidase enzyme approved by FDA to use in the treatment of hyperuricemia conditions. Various hosts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hansenula polymorpha and Escherichia coli have been used to express the enzyme. Today, Pichia pastoris is considered as an important host for heterologous protein expression since it has beneficial characteristics such as strong promoters, simple scale up, post translational modifications, high cell density cultivation and simple genetic manipulation. In this study, Aspergillus flavus urate oxidase gene was cloned in pPICZαA expression vector and expressed in P. pastoris. The recombinant urate oxidase was expressed in secretory form and was confirmed through RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE analysis and western blotting. The enzyme activity was determined using a colorimetric assay. A production yield of 0.43 U/ml of culture supernatant was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Fazel
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, 14174 Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Zarei
- Medical Biotechnology department, Fungal Biotechnology group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Ghaemi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, 14174 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Namvaran
- Pharmaceurical Biotechnology department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Enayati
- Medical Biotechnology department, Fungal Biotechnology group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmat Mirabzadeh Ardakani
- Medical Biotechnology department, Fungal Biotechnology group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azizi
- Medical Biotechnology department, Fungal Biotechnology group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Khalaj
- Medical Biotechnology department, Fungal Biotechnology group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Malaguarnera G, Giordano M, Malaguarnera M. Rasburicase for the treatment of tumor lysis in hematological malignancies. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 5:27-38. [DOI: 10.1586/ehm.11.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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22
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Trautwein-Schult A, Jankowska D, Cordes A, Hoferichter P, Klein C, Matros A, Mock HP, Baronian K, Bode R, Kunze G. Arxula adeninivorans recombinant urate oxidase and its application in the production of food with low uric acid content. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 23:418-30. [PMID: 24022585 DOI: 10.1159/000353847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia and its symptoms are becoming increasingly common worldwide. Elevated serum uric acid levels are caused by increased uric acid synthesis from food constituents and reduced renal excretion. Treatment in most cases involves reducing alcohol intake and consumption of meat and fish or treatment with pharmaceuticals. Another approach could be to reduce uric acid level in food, either during production or consumption. This work reports the production of recombinant urate oxidase by Arxula adeninivorans and its application to reduce uric acid in a food product. The A. adeninivorans urate oxidase amino acid sequence was found to be similar to urate oxidases from other fungi (61-65% identity). In media supplemented with adenine, hypoxanthine or uric acid, induction of the urate oxidase (AUOX) gene and intracellular accumulation of urate oxidase (Auoxp) was observed. The enzyme characteristics were analyzed from isolates of the wild-type strain A. adeninivorans LS3, as well as from those of transgenic strains expressing the AUOX gene under control of the strong constitutive TEF1 promoter or the inducible AYNI1 promoter. The enzyme showed high substrate specificity for uric acid, a broad temperature and pH range, high thermostability and the ability to reduce uric acid content in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Trautwein-Schult
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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23
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Tian H, Guo Y, Gao X, Yao W. PEGylation enhancement of pH stability of uricase via inhibitive tetramer dissociation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 65:53-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Previously, PEGylated uricase was demonstrated to maintain catalytic activity at pH 5.8, the isoelectric point of uricase, where native uricase ceases to function. To find out whether PEGylation could enhance pH stability of uricase, the enzyme activity to pH curve was completely characterized.
Methods
Complete characterization of the enzyme activity to pH curve, indicating an inverted bell-shaped relationship not previously documented, is presented. PEGylation enhancement of uricase stability at a pH lower than that commonly found in the liver, can be explored by dynamic dissociation of uricase using ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography.
Key findings
The results suggest the role of PEGylation in enhanced pH stability is via inhibition of subunit disintegration. The mechanism of this effect is characterized by the wrapping of PEG chains around uricase, providing a flexible shell preventing subunit disintegration. The presence of notable PEGylation-induced changes in uricase supports this mechanism and include improved enzyme-substrate affinity and elevated thermal stability.
Conclusions
Characterization of PEGylated uricase provides a basis for the rational design of therapeutic PEGylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbing Yao
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Liu Z, Lu D, Yin L, Li J, Cui Y, Chen W, Liu Z. Strengthening the Stability of a Tunnel-Shaped Homotetramer Protein with Nanogels. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:8875-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108941f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Diannan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ling Yin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yuanchen Cui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogens and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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25
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Dmytruk KV, Smutok OV, Dmytruk OV, Schuhmann W, Sibirny AA. Construction of uricase-overproducing strains of Hansenula polymorpha and its application as biological recognition element in microbial urate biosensor. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:58. [PMID: 21612631 PMCID: PMC3128571 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The detection and quantification of uric acid in human physiological fluids is of great importance in the diagnosis and therapy of patients suffering from a range of disorders associated with altered purine metabolism, most notably gout and hyperuricaemia. The fabrication of cheap and reliable urate-selective amperometric biosensors is a challenging task. Results A urate-selective microbial biosensor was developed using cells of the recombinant thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha as biorecognition element. The construction of uricase (UOX) producing yeast by over-expression of the uricase gene of H. polymorpha is described. Following a preliminary screening of the transformants with increased UOX activity in permeabilized yeast cells the optimal cultivation conditions for maximal UOX yield namely a 40-fold increase in UOX activity were determined. The UOX producing cells were coupled to horseradish peroxidase and immobilized on graphite electrodes by physical entrapment behind a dialysis membrane. A high urate selectivity with a detection limit of about 8 μM was found. Conclusion A strain of H. polymorpha overproducing UOX was constructed. A cheap urate selective microbial biosensor was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostyantyn V Dmytruk
- Institute of Cell Biology, NAS of Ukraine, Drahomanov Street 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine.
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26
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High-yield expression, purification, characterization, and structure determination of tag-free Candida utilis uricase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:529-37. [PMID: 21573940 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the successful high-yield expression of Candida utilis uricase in Escherichia coli and the establishment of an efficient three-step protein purification protocol. The purity of the recombinant protein, which was confirmed to be C. utilis uricase by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer analysis, was >98% and the specific activity was 38.4 IU/mg. Crystals of C. utilis uricase were grown at 18°C using 25% polyethylene glycol 3350 as precipitant. Diffraction by the crystals extends to 1.93 Å resolution, and the crystals belong to the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit cell parameters a = 69.16 Å, b = 139.31 Å, c = 256.33 Å, and α = β = γ = 90°. The crystal structure of C. utilis uricase shares a high similarity with other reported structures of the homologous uricases from other species in protein database, demonstrating that the three-dimensional structure of the protein defines critically to the catalytic activities.
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27
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Cloning, purification, and partial characterization of Bacillus subtilis urate oxidase expressed in Escherichia coli. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:674908. [PMID: 20168977 PMCID: PMC2820260 DOI: 10.1155/2010/674908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urate oxidase (EC 1.7.3.3) is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism which is used in the treatment of gout and as diagnostic reagent for detection of uric acid. In order to produce this enzyme in large quantities for biotechnological purposes, the gene coding for the Bacillus subtilis urate oxidase was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Time course induction in E. coli showed an induced protein with an apparent molecular mass of ∼60 kDa. Soluble recombinant enzyme was purified in a single-step procedure using Ni-NTA column. The enzyme was purified 2.1-fold with a yield of 56% compared to the crude extract. MALDI-TOF analysis revealed an ion with a mass of 58675 Da which is in agreement with the expected mass of the recombinant protein. The purified enzyme showed an optimal pH and temperature of 8.0 and 37°C, respectively, and retained 90% of its activity after 72 hours of incubation at −20°C and 4°C.
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28
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Liu Z, Lu D, Li J, Chen W, Liu Z. Strengthening intersubunit hydrogen bonds for enhanced stability of recombinant urate oxidase from Aspergillus flavus: molecular simulations and experimental validation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 11:333-40. [PMID: 19088989 DOI: 10.1039/b811496j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to obtain molecular insight into the deactivation of recombinant urate oxidase (uricase, UOX, EC 1.7.3.3) (rUOX) from Aspergillus flavus. The enzyme is a tunnel-shaped homotetramer and has important clinical applications. By means of molecular dynamics simulations, multidimensional structural characterization and enzyme activity assays, we concluded that the thermal deactivation of UOX at neutral pH was associated with the loss of intersubunit hydrogen (H) bonds. This mechanism could also explain the deactivation of dilute aqueous UOX. Thermal deactivation of aqueous UOX due to dissociation of its subunits was ruled out. Displacement of H(2)O from the surface of UOX by less polar solvents such as methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was proposed as an approach for strengthening intersubunit H bonds and consequently UOX stability. The effectiveness of this method was validated by both in silico and in vitro experiments. The results mentioned above provide insights for improving the stability of UOX and extending its applications. They may also be helpful for understanding the properties of other multimeric proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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29
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Chen M, Cai L, Fang Z, Tian H, Gao X, Yao W. Site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into urate oxidase in Escherichia coli. Protein Sci 2008; 17:1827-33. [PMID: 18596202 DOI: 10.1110/ps.034587.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Urate oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid with poor solubility to produce 5-hydroxyisourate and allantoin. Since allantoin is excreted in vivo, urate oxidase has the potential to be a therapeutic target for the treatment of gout. However, its severe immunogenicity limits its clinical application. Furthermore, studies on the structure-function relationships of urate oxidase have proven difficult. We developed a method for genetically incorporating p-azido-L-phenylalanine into target protein in Escherichia coli in a site-specific manner utilizing a tyrosyl suppressor tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase system. We substituted p-azido-L-phenylalanine for Phe(170) or Phe(281) in urate oxidase. The products were purified and their enzyme activities were analyzed. In addition, we optimized the system by adding a "Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence" and tandem suppressor tRNA. This method has the benefit of site-specifically modifying urate oxidase with homogeneous glycosyl and PEG derivates, which can provide new insights into structure-function relationships and improve pharmacological properties of urate oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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30
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Chen Z, Wang Z, He X, Guo X, Li W, Zhang B. Uricase production by a recombinant Hansenula polymorpha strain harboring Candida utilis uricase gene. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 79:545-54. [PMID: 18437374 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Uricase is an important medical enzyme which can be used to determine urate in clinical analysis, to therapy gout, hyperuricemia, and tumor lysis syndrome. Uricase of Candida utilis was successfully expressed in Hansenula polymorpha under the control of methanol oxidase promoter using Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-factor signal peptide as the secretory sequence. Recombinant H. polymorpha MU200 with the highest extracellular uricase production was characterized with three copies of expression cassette and selected for process optimization for the production of recombinant enzyme. Among the parameters investigated in shaking flask cultures, the pH value of medium and inoculum size had great influence on the recombinant uricase production. The maximum extracellular uricase yield of 2.6 U/ml was obtained in shaking flask culture. The yield of recombinant uricase was significantly improved by the combined use of a high cell-density cultivation technique and a pH control strategy of switching culture pH from 5.5 to 6.5 in the induction phase. After induction for 58 h, the production of recombinant uricase reached 52.3 U/ml (about 2.1 g/l of protein) extracellularly and 60.3 U/ml (about 2.4 g/l) intracellularly in fed-batch fermentation, which are much higher than those expressed in other expression systems. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the heterologous expression of uricase in H. polymorpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Chen
- Laboratory of Yeast Molecular Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Beijing, PR China
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