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Nagy-Fazekas D, Stráner P, Ecsédi P, Taricska N, Borbély A, Nyitray L, Perczel A. A Novel Fusion Protein System for the Production of Nanobodies and the SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD in a Bacterial System. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030389. [PMID: 36978780 PMCID: PMC10045489 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are key proteins of the immune system, and they are widely used for both research and theragnostic applications. Among them, camelid immunoglobulins (IgG) differ from the canonical human IgG molecules, as their light chains are completely missing; thus, they have only variable domains on their heavy chains (VHHs). A single VHH domain, often called a nanobody, has favorable structural, biophysical, and functional features compared to canonical antibodies. Therefore, robust and efficient production protocols relying on recombinant technologies are in high demand. Here, by utilizing ecotin, an Escherichia coli protein, as a fusion partner, we present a bacterial expression system that allows an easy, fast, and cost-effective way to prepare nanobodies. Ecotin was used here as a periplasmic translocator and a passive refolding chaperone, which allowed us to reach high-yield production of nanobodies. We also present a new, easily applicable prokaryotic expression and purification method of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein for interaction assays. We demonstrate using ECD spectroscopy that the bacterially produced RBD is well-folded. The bacterially produced nanobody was shown to bind strongly to the recombinant RBD, with a Kd of 10 nM. The simple methods presented here could facilitate rapid interaction measurements in the event of the appearance of additional SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Nagy-Fazekas
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Stráner
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ecsédi
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Taricska
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adina Borbély
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Perczel
- Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Zhao J, Zhou P, Zhang L, Liu W, Liu W, Zhang Y, Li Y, Shi Z, Gao J. N-region of Cry1Ia: A novel fusion tag for Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. J Biotechnol 2023; 366:54-64. [PMID: 36822476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Secretory signal peptides (SPs) can increase enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression in cytosol. In this study, SPs Iasp (Cry1Ia), Vasp (Vip3A), and their local sequences were used as fusion tags to compare their effects on eGFP expression in Escherichia coli MC4100 and Pichia pastoris GS115. In E coli, the solubility was almost opposite between the proteins encoded by Vegfp and Iegfp. This may be because the overall hydrophobicity of the SPs differed. When the hydrophobic H-region and C-region were removed, the negative effects on eGFP solubility of the N-regions of both SPs (IaN and VN) were significantly reduced without compromise on the expression level. IaN promotes eGFP protein yield 7.1-fold more than Iasp, and using this peptide in tandem (Ia3N) further enhanced fluorescent fusion protein solubility with an efficacy similar to that of a polycationic tag. Furthermore, the GS-IaNeGFP strain produced the highest fluorescent signal intensity when these fusion proteins were expressed in P. pastoris, and the expression was higher than in other strains, including eGFP. In conclusion, we revealed the potential of the N-region of Iasp as a fusion tag in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and further demonstrated the value of the N-regions of abundant SPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanli Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Pu Zhou
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Zongyong Shi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China.
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Malik A, Alshehri MA, Alamery SF, Khan JM. Impact of metal nanoparticles on the structure and function of metabolic enzymes. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:576-585. [PMID: 34400227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of nanoparticles raises many serious concerns about the safety and environmental impact of nanoparticles. Therefore, risk assessments of specific nanoparticles in occupational and environmental exposure are essential before their large-scale production and applications, especially in medicine and for usage in household items. In this study, the effects of five different metal nanoparticles on the structure, stability, and function of four metabolic enzymes were evaluated using various biophysical techniques. Our results show that Cu nanoparticles exhibited the most significant adverse effects on the structures, stability, and activities of all the metabolic enzymes. Zn nanoparticles caused moderate adverse effects on these enzymes. The rest of the metal (Al, Fe, and Ni) nanoparticles had a relatively lower impact on the metabolic enzymes. Our data indicated that Cu nanoparticles promote metal-catalyzed disulfide bond formation in these proteins. In summary, some metal nanoparticles can cause adverse effects on the structure, function, and stability of metabolic enzymes. In addition, metal nanoparticles may affect protein homeostasis in the cytosol or extracellular fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Salman Freeh Alamery
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Masood Khan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Kaur J, Kumar A, Kaur J. Strategies for optimization of heterologous protein expression in E. coli: Roadblocks and reinforcements. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:803-822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kaur J, Kumar A, Kaur J. Strategies for optimization of heterologous protein expression in E. coli: Roadblocks and reinforcements. Int J Biol Macromol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.080 10.1242/jeb.069716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Cheng C, Wu S, Cui L, Wu Y, Jiang T, He B. A novel Ffu fusion system for secretory expression of heterologous proteins in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:231. [PMID: 29268791 PMCID: PMC5740907 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The high level of excretion and rapid folding ability of β-fructofuranosidase (β-FFase) in Escherichia coli has suggested that β-FFase from Arthrobacter arilaitensis NJEM01 can be developed as a fusion partner. Methods Based on the modified Wilkinson and Harrison algorithm and the preliminary verification of the solubility-enhancing ability of β-FFase truncations, three β-FFase truncations (i.e., Ffu209, Ffu217, and Ffu312) with a native signal peptide were selected as novel Ffu fusion tags. Four difficult-to-express protein models; i.e., CARDS TX, VEGFR-2, RVs and Omp85 were used in the assessment of Ffu fusion tags. Results The expression levels and solubility of each protein were markedly enhanced by the Ffu fusion system. Each protein had a favorable Ffu tag. The Ffu fusion tags performed preferably when compared with the well-known fusion tags MBP and NusA. Strikingly, it was confirmed that Ffu fusion proteins were secreted into the periplasm by the periplasmic analysis and N-amino acid sequence analysis. Further, efficient excretion of HV3 with defined anti-thrombin activity was obtained when it was fused with the Ffu312 tag. Moreover, HV3 remained soluble and demonstrated notable anti-thrombin activity after the removal of the Ffu312 tag by enterokinase. Conclusions Observations from this work not only complements fusion technologies, but also develops a novel and effective secretory system to solve key issues that include inclusion bodies and degradation when expressing heterologous proteins in E. coli, especially for proteins that require disulfide bond formation, eukaryotic-secreted proteins, and membrane-associated proteins. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-017-0845-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Wuxi AppTec (Suzhou) Testing Technology Co.,Ltd., 1336 Wuzhong Avenue, Xinzhiyuan Building B, Wuzhong District, Suzhou, 215104, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lupeng Cui
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulu Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyue Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingfang He
- School of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
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Jung SH, Kim CK, Lee G, Yoon J, Lee M. Structural Analysis of Recombinant Human Preproinsulins by Structure Prediction, Molecular Dynamics, and Protein-Protein Docking. Genomics Inform 2017; 15:142-146. [PMID: 29307140 PMCID: PMC5769858 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2017.15.4.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
More effective production of human insulin is important, because insulin is the main medication that is used to treat multiple types of diabetes and because many people are suffering from diabetes. The current system of insulin production is based on recombinant DNA technology, and the expression vector is composed of a preproinsulin sequence that is a fused form of an artificial leader peptide and the native proinsulin. It has been reported that the sequence of the leader peptide affects the production of insulin. To analyze how the leader peptide affects the maturation of insulin structurally, we adapted several in silico simulations using 13 artificial proinsulin sequences. Three-dimensional structures of models were predicted and compared. Although their sequences had few differences, the predicted structures were somewhat different. The structures were refined by molecular dynamics simulation, and the energy of each model was estimated. Then, protein-protein docking between the models and trypsin was carried out to compare how efficiently the protease could access the cleavage sites of the proinsulin models. The results showed some concordance with experimental results that have been reported; so, we expect our analysis will be used to predict the optimized sequence of artificial proinsulin for more effective production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hun Jung
- Department of Biological Science, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
- Theragen Etex Bio Institute, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | | | - Gunhee Lee
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jonghwan Yoon
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- Catholic Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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Deng L, Xue X, Shen C, Song X, Wang C, Wang N. Insulin chains as efficient fusion tags for prokaryotic expression of short peptides. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 138:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Van Noi N, Chung YC. Optimization of expression and purification of recombinant S1 domain of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike (PEDV- S1) protein in Escherichia coli. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1308231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Van Noi
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Life Science, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Yao-Chi Chung
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC
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Malik A. Protein fusion tags for efficient expression and purification of recombinant proteins in the periplasmic space of E. coli. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:44. [PMID: 28330113 PMCID: PMC4742420 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bonds occurred in majority of secreted protein. Formation of correct disulfide bonds are must for achieving native conformation, solubility and activity. Production of recombinant proteins containing disulfide bond for therapeutic, diagnostic and various other purposes is a challenging task of research. Production of such proteins in the reducing cytosolic compartment of E. coli usually ends up in inclusion bodies formation. Refolding of inclusion bodies can be difficult, time and labor consuming and uneconomical. Translocation of these proteins into the oxidative periplasmic compartment provides correct environment to undergo proper disulfide bonds formation and thus achieving native conformation. However, not all proteins can be efficiently translocated to the periplasm with the help of bacterial signal peptides. Therefore, fusion to a small well-folded and stable periplasmic protein is more promising for periplasmic production of disulfide bonded proteins. In the past decades, several full-length proteins or domains were used for enhancing translocation and solubility. Here, protein fusion tags that significantly increase the yields of target proteins in the periplasmic space are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajamaluddin Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Protein Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Mordkovich NN, Okorokova NA, Veiko VP. Structural and functional organization of the signal peptide of pro-enterotoxin B from Staphylococcus aureus. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815060101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Heidari R, Rabiee-Faradonbeh M, Darban-Sarokhalil D, Alvandi A, Abdian N, Aryan E, Soleimani N, Gholipour A. Expression and Purification of the Recombinant Cytochrome P450 CYP141 Protein of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis as a Diagnostic Tool and Vaccine Production. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e23191. [PMID: 26380105 PMCID: PMC4568075 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.23191v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is regarded as a health problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the cause of this disease. Approximately two billion people worldwide are infected by M. tuberculosis and annually about two million individuals die in consequence. Forty million people are estimated to die because of M. tuberculosis over the next 25 years if the measures for controlling this infection are not extensively developed. In the vaccination field, BacillusCalmette–Guérin (BCG) is still the most effective vaccine but it shows no efficacy in adult pulmonary patients. One of the other problems regarding TB is its appropriate diagnosis. Objectives: In this experimental study, the recombinant cytochrome P450 CYP141 protein of M. tuberculosis was expressed and purified to be used as a vaccine candidate and diagnostic purpose in subsequent investigations. Materials and Methods: The optimization of the cytochrome P450 CYP141 protein expression was evaluated in different conditions. Then, this protein was purified with a resin column of nickel–nitrilotriacetic acid and investigated via Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western Blotting. Results: The highest expression of the cytochrome P450 CYP141 protein was obtained by the addition of 1 mM of isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) to the bacterial culture grown to an optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.6, 16 hours after induction. This protein was subsequently purified with a purification of higher than 80%. The results of Western Blotting indicated that the purified protein was specifically detected. Conclusions: In this experimental study, for the first time in Iran the expression and purification of this recombinant protein was done successfully. This recombinant protein could be used as a vaccine candidate and diagnostic purpose in subsequent investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Heidari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | | | - Davood Darban-Sarokhalil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Amirhooshang Alvandi
- Department of Microbiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IR Iran
| | - Narges Abdian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
| | - Ehsan Aryan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Neda Soleimani
- Department of Pathology, Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Abolfazl Gholipour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IR Iran
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Malik A, Alsenaidy AM, Elrobh M, Khan W, Alanazi MS, Bazzi MD. Optimization of expression and purification of HSPA6 protein from Camelus dromedarius in E. coli. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 23:410-9. [PMID: 27081368 PMCID: PMC4818323 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The HSPA6, one of the members of large family of HSP70, is significantly up-regulated and has been targeted as a biomarker of cellular stress in several studies. Herein, conditions were optimized to increase the yield of recombinant camel HSPA6 protein in its native state, primarily focusing on the optimization of upstream processing parameters that lead to an increase in the specific as well as volumetric yield of the protein. The results showed that the production of cHSPA6 was increased proportionally with increased incubation temperature up to 37 °C. Induction with 10 μM IPTG was sufficient to induce the expression of cHSPA6 which was 100 times less than normally used IPTG concentration. Furthermore, the results indicate that induction during early to late exponential phase produced relatively high levels of cHSPA6 in soluble form. In addition, 5 h of post-induction incubation was found to be optimal to produce folded cHSPA6 with higher specific and volumetric yield. Subsequently, highly pure and homogenous cHSPA6 preparation was obtained using metal affinity and size exclusion chromatography. Taken together, the results showed successful production of electrophoretically pure recombinant HSPA6 protein from Camelus dromedarius in Escherichia coli in milligram quantities from shake flask liquid culture.
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Key Words
- 2× LB, double strength Luria–Bertani
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Expression optimization
- FPLC, fast protein liquid chromatography
- Fast protein liquid chromatography
- Heat shock protein
- Hsp70
- IPTG, isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside
- LB, Luria–Bertani
- Molecular chaperone
- NB, nutrient broth
- Ni–NTA, nickel–nitrilotriacetic acid
- OD600, optical density at 600 nm
- PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- Recombinant
- TB, terrific broth
- amp, ampicillin
- rpm, rotations per minute
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajamaluddin Malik
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M Alsenaidy
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elrobh
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University, Abbassia 11381, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wajahatullah Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, PO Box 3660, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Alanazi
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad D Bazzi
- Protein Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Mordkovich NN, Okorokova NA, Veiko VP. Investigation of protein translocation Sec-system with heterologous gene expression in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 bacterium cells. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Expression, purification and characterization of soluble recombinant peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase from Vibrio anguillarum. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 101:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Costa S, Almeida A, Castro A, Domingues L. Fusion tags for protein solubility, purification and immunogenicity in Escherichia coli: the novel Fh8 system. Front Microbiol 2014. [PMID: 24600443 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00063.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are now widely produced in diverse microbial cell factories. The Escherichia coli is still the dominant host for recombinant protein production but, as a bacterial cell, it also has its issues: the aggregation of foreign proteins into insoluble inclusion bodies is perhaps the main limiting factor of the E. coli expression system. Conversely, E. coli benefits of cost, ease of use and scale make it essential to design new approaches directed for improved recombinant protein production in this host cell. With the aid of genetic and protein engineering novel tailored-made strategies can be designed to suit user or process requirements. Gene fusion technology has been widely used for the improvement of soluble protein production and/or purification in E. coli, and for increasing peptide's immunogenicity as well. New fusion partners are constantly emerging and complementing the traditional solutions, as for instance, the Fh8 fusion tag that has been recently studied and ranked among the best solubility enhancer partners. In this review, we provide an overview of current strategies to improve recombinant protein production in E. coli, including the key factors for successful protein production, highlighting soluble protein production, and a comprehensive summary of the latest available and traditionally used gene fusion technologies. A special emphasis is given to the recently discovered Fh8 fusion system that can be used for soluble protein production, purification, and immunogenicity in E. coli. The number of existing fusion tags will probably increase in the next few years, and efforts should be taken to better understand how fusion tags act in E. coli. This knowledge will undoubtedly drive the development of new tailored-made tools for protein production in this bacterial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Costa
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge Porto, Portugal
| | - André Almeida
- Hitag Biotechnology, Lad., Biocant, Parque Technologico de Cantanhede Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - António Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucília Domingues
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, Portugal
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Costa S, Almeida A, Castro A, Domingues L. Fusion tags for protein solubility, purification and immunogenicity in Escherichia coli: the novel Fh8 system. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:63. [PMID: 24600443 PMCID: PMC3928792 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins are now widely produced in diverse microbial cell factories. The Escherichia coli is still the dominant host for recombinant protein production but, as a bacterial cell, it also has its issues: the aggregation of foreign proteins into insoluble inclusion bodies is perhaps the main limiting factor of the E. coli expression system. Conversely, E. coli benefits of cost, ease of use and scale make it essential to design new approaches directed for improved recombinant protein production in this host cell. With the aid of genetic and protein engineering novel tailored-made strategies can be designed to suit user or process requirements. Gene fusion technology has been widely used for the improvement of soluble protein production and/or purification in E. coli, and for increasing peptide's immunogenicity as well. New fusion partners are constantly emerging and complementing the traditional solutions, as for instance, the Fh8 fusion tag that has been recently studied and ranked among the best solubility enhancer partners. In this review, we provide an overview of current strategies to improve recombinant protein production in E. coli, including the key factors for successful protein production, highlighting soluble protein production, and a comprehensive summary of the latest available and traditionally used gene fusion technologies. A special emphasis is given to the recently discovered Fh8 fusion system that can be used for soluble protein production, purification, and immunogenicity in E. coli. The number of existing fusion tags will probably increase in the next few years, and efforts should be taken to better understand how fusion tags act in E. coli. This knowledge will undoubtedly drive the development of new tailored-made tools for protein production in this bacterial system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Costa
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, Portugal ; Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge Porto, Portugal
| | - André Almeida
- Hitag Biotechnology, Lad., Biocant, Parque Technologico de Cantanhede Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - António Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucília Domingues
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho Braga, Portugal
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Li H, Cao W, Chen Z, Acheampong DO, Jin H, Li D, Zhang J, Wang M. The antiangiogenic activity of a soluble fragment of the VEGFR extracellular domain. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 67:599-606. [PMID: 23906761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of pathological angiogenesis and vascular permeability and overexpressed by most solid tumors. VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2 or kinase-insert domain-containing receptor as it is called in human, KDR) is a specific receptor of VEGF with a high binding affinity. A solube recombinant extracellular domain 1-3 of human VEGFR-2 (rKDR1-3) was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. Coli) and purified from the bacterial periplasmic extracts by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and anion exchange chromatography to inhibit the VEGF-induced angiogenesis. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology was adopted to analyze the affinity and kinetics constant between rKDR1-3 and VEGF165. Under the given experimental conditions, the association rate constant Ka was 1.06×10(5)M(-1) S(-1), the dissociation rate Kd was 6.09×10(-3) S(-1), the dissociation constant KD was 5.74×10(-8)M. The effect of rKDR1-3 on VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation was studied using MTT assay, scratch-wound healing assay and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The results showed that rKDR1-3 could inhibit neovascularization and serve as a useful drug candidate in research, diagnostics and therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University), School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Trabucchi A, Guerra LL, Faccinetti NI, Iacono RF, Poskus E, Valdez SN. Expression and characterization of human proinsulin fused to thioredoxin in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 94:1565-76. [PMID: 22139017 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Native proinsulin (PI) belongs to the class of the difficult-to-express proteins in Escherichia coli. Problems mainly arise due to its high proteolytic decay and troubles to reproduce the native disulphide pattern. In the present study, human PI was produced in E. coli as a fusion thioredoxin protein (Trx-PI). Such chimeric protein was obtained from the intracellular soluble fraction, and it was purified in one step by affinity chromatography on immobilized phenylarsine oxide. Trx-PI was also recovered from inclusion bodies and purified by anion exchange chromatography. The product identity and integrity were verified by mass analysis (22,173.5 Da) and mapping with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease. Native PI folding was evaluated by biochemical and also by immunochemical analysis using specific sera from PI antibody-positive diabetic patients that recognise conformational discontinue epitopes. Dose-response curves showed identity between standard PI and Trx-PI. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance technique verified the correct conformation of the recombinant protein. The biochemical and immunochemical assays demonstrated the integrity of the chimera and the epitopes involved in the interaction with antibodies. In conclusion, it was possible to obtain with high-yield purified human PI as a fusion protein in E. coli and useful for analytical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldana Trabucchi
- School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Junín 956, 4to piso (C1113AAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Alvandi A, Farajzadeh A, Ghaforian Borojerdnia M, Jelodar A, Aryan E, Gholipour A, Masjedizadeh A, Makvandi M. Periplasmic expression and one-step purification of urease subunit B of Helicobacter pylori. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Increased expression, folding and enzyme reaction rate of recombinant human insulin by selecting appropriate leader peptide. J Biotechnol 2011; 151:350-6. [PMID: 21219941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Five new expression vectors for recombinant human insulin production (pPT-B5Kpi, pPT-T10Rpi, pPT-T13Rpi, pPT-H27Rpi, pPT-B5Rpi), which have different sizes and leader peptide structure, were constructed and compared based on their expression level, yields of S-sulfonated preproinsulin (SSPPI) and folded proinsulin and enzymatic conversion rate. The ranking of expression level of the five fused proinsulins was H27R≫T10R > B5K >T13R≈B5R. In particular, the expression level of H27R was more than double (60-70%) the level of the other fused proinsulins, and this high expression level led to large amounts of SSPPI, folded proinsulin and insulin. Changes to the leader peptide structure affected not only protein expression level, but also refolding yield because the leader peptide affects protein conformation and hydrophobicity. The refolding yield of H27R was 85% at 500L pilot scale. This high refolding yield was caused by the hydrophilic character of H27R. However, the β-mercaptoethanol concentration needed for refolding and the pH required to precipitate impurities after refolding had to be changed for high refolding yield. To avoid using CNBr, which is used to cleave fusion proteins, we used lysine and arginine linkers to connect the fusion protein and proinsulin. This fusion protein could be simultaneously cleaved by trypsin during enzymatic conversion to eliminate the C-peptide. The length and kind of leader peptide did not affect the enzyme reaction rate. Only the leader peptide linker connecting the B-chain influenced enzyme reaction rate. By testing several leader peptides, we constructed a new strain with 30% increased productivity based on expression level, refolding yield and enzyme reaction.
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Francis DM, Page R. Strategies to optimize protein expression in E. coli. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN PROTEIN SCIENCE 2010; Chapter 5:5.24.1-5.24.29. [PMID: 20814932 PMCID: PMC7162232 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps0524s61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is simple, fast, inexpensive, and robust, with the expressed protein comprising up to 50 percent of the total cellular protein. However, it also has disadvantages. For example, the rapidity of bacterial protein expression often results in unfolded/misfolded proteins, especially for heterologous proteins that require longer times and/or molecular chaperones to fold correctly. In addition, the highly reductive environment of the bacterial cytosol and the inability of E. coli to perform several eukaryotic post-translational modifications results in the insoluble expression of proteins that require these modifications for folding and activity. Fortunately, multiple, novel reagents and techniques have been developed that allow for the efficient, soluble production of a diverse range of heterologous proteins in E. coli. This overview describes variables at each stage of a protein expression experiment that can influence solubility and offers a summary of strategies used to optimize soluble expression in E. coli.
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de Marco A. Strategies for successful recombinant expression of disulfide bond-dependent proteins in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2009; 8:26. [PMID: 19442264 PMCID: PMC2689190 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-8-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are simple and cost effective hosts for producing recombinant proteins. However, their physiological features may limit their use for obtaining in native form proteins of some specific structural classes, such as for instance polypeptides that undergo extensive post-translational modifications. To some extent, also the production of proteins that depending on disulfide bridges for their stability has been considered difficult in E. coli. Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms keep their cytoplasm reduced and, consequently, disulfide bond formation is impaired in this subcellular compartment. Disulfide bridges can stabilize protein structure and are often present in high abundance in secreted proteins. In eukaryotic cells such bonds are formed in the oxidizing environment of endoplasmic reticulum during the export process. Bacteria do not possess a similar specialized subcellular compartment, but they have both export systems and enzymatic activities aimed at the formation and at the quality control of disulfide bonds in the oxidizing periplasm. This article reviews the available strategies for exploiting the physiological mechanisms of bactera to produce properly folded disulfide-bonded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ario de Marco
- Cogentech, IFOM-IEO Campus for Oncogenomic, via Adamello, 16 - 20139, Milano, Italy.
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Paal M, Heel T, Schneider R, Auer B. A novel Ecotin-Ubiquitin-Tag (ECUT) for efficient, soluble peptide production in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2009; 8:7. [PMID: 19159462 PMCID: PMC2649888 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-8-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many protocols for recombinant production of peptides and proteins include secretion into the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli, as they may not properly fold in the cytoplasm. If a signal peptide is not sufficient for translocation, a larger secretion moiety can instead be fused to the gene of interest. However, due to the covalent linkage of the proteins, a protease recognition site needs to be introduced in between, altering the N-terminus of the product. In the current study, we combined the ubiquitin fusion technology, which allows production of authentic peptides and proteins, with secretion by the perpiplasmic protease inhibitor ecotin. Results Different fusion constructs, composed of ecotin, mouse ubiquitin b and a model peptide, were expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). The fusion proteins were translocated into the periplasmic space and the ecotin signal peptide was cleaved off. Under the control of the lacUV5 promoter at 24°C we obtained 18 mg periplasmic recombinant protein per gram dry cell weight. However, vigorous expression with the T7 promoter caused outer membrane permeabilization and leakage of the fusion protein into the culture medium. Target peptides were released from hybrid proteins by the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase-L3 in vitro. MALDI TOF-TOF mass spectroscopy confirmed accurate cleavage. Conclusion This newly described method represents a useful technique for the production of authentic soluble peptides in the periplasm of E. coli. In addition, larger proteins might also be produced with the current system by the use of ubiquitin specific proteases, which can cleave off larger C-terminal extensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Paal
- Austrian Center of Biopharmaceutical Technology, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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