1
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Woeppel K, Dhawan V, Shi D, Cui XT. Nanotopography-enhanced biomimetic coating maintains bioactivity after weeks of dry storage and improves chronic neural recording. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122326. [PMID: 37716282 PMCID: PMC10993103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
We developed a nanoparticle base layer technology capable of maintaining the bioactivity of protein-based neural probe coating intended to improve neural recording quality. When covalently bound on thiolated nanoparticle (TNP) modified surfaces, neural adhesion molecule L1 maintained bioactivity throughout 8 weeks of dry storage at room temperature, while those bound to unmodified surfaces lost 66% bioactivity within 3 days. We tested the TNP + L1 coating in mouse brains on two different neural electrode arrays after two different dry storage durations (3 and 28 days). The results show that dry-stored coating is as good as the freshly prepared, and even after 28 days of storage, the number of single units per channel and signal-to-noise ratio of the TNP + L1 coated arrays were significantly higher by 32% and 40% respectively than uncoated controls over 16 weeks. This nanoparticle base layer approach enables the dissemination of biomolecule-functionalized neural probes to users worldwide and may also benefit a broad range of applications that rely on surface-bound biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Woeppel
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Suite 115, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Dhawan
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Suite 115, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Delin Shi
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Suite 115, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Bioengineering, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Suite 115, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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2
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Chen YL, Xie XX, Zhong N, Sun LC, Lin D, Zhang LJ, Weng L, Jin T, Cao MJ. Research Progresses and Applications of Fluorescent Protein Antibodies: A Review Focusing on Nanobodies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4307. [PMID: 36901737 PMCID: PMC10002328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of fluorescent proteins (FPs), their rich fluorescence spectra and photochemical properties have promoted widespread biological research applications. FPs can be classified into green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its derivates, red fluorescent protein (RFP) and its derivates, and near-infrared FPs. With the continuous development of FPs, antibodies targeting FPs have emerged. The antibody, a class of immunoglobulin, is the main component of humoral immunity that explicitly recognizes and binds antigens. Monoclonal antibody, originating from a single B cell, has been widely applied in immunoassay, in vitro diagnostics, and drug development. The nanobody is a new type of antibody entirely composed of the variable domain of a heavy-chain antibody. Compared with conventional antibodies, these small and stable nanobodies can be expressed and functional in living cells. In addition, they can easily access grooves, seams, or hidden antigenic epitopes on the surface of the target. This review provides an overview of various FPs, the research progress of their antibodies, particularly nanobodies, and advanced applications of nanobodies targeting FPs. This review will be helpful for further research on nanobodies targeting FPs, making FPs more valuable in biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lei Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xie
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ning Zhong
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Le-Chang Sun
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Duanquan Lin
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ling-Jing Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ling Weng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230007, China
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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3
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Cong ATQ, Witter TL, Schellenberg MJ. High-efficiency recombinant protein purification using mCherry and YFP nanobody affinity matrices. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4383. [PMID: 36040252 PMCID: PMC9413470 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cell lines are important expression systems for large proteins and protein complexes, particularly when the acquisition of post-translational modifications in the protein's native environment is desired. However, low or variable transfection efficiencies are challenges that must be overcome to use such an expression system. Expression of recombinant proteins as a fluorescent protein fusion enables real-time monitoring of protein expression, and also provides an affinity handle for one-step protein purification using a suitable affinity reagent. Here, we describe a panel of anti-GFP and anti-mCherry nanobody affinity matrices and their efficacy for purification of GFP/YFP or mCherry fusion proteins. We define the molecular basis by which they bind their target proteins using X-ray crystallography. From these analyses, we define an optimal pair of nanobodies for purification of recombinant protein tagged with GFP/YFP or mCherry, and demonstrate these nanobody-sepharose supports are stable to many rounds of cleaning and extended incubation in denaturing conditions. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the mCherry-tag system by using it to purify recombinant human topoisomerase 2α expressed in HEK293F cells. The mCherry-tag and GFP/YFP-tag expression systems can be utilized for recombinant protein expression individually or in tandem for mammalian protein expression systems where real-time monitoring of protein expression levels and a high-efficiency purification step is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T. Q. Cong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Taylor L. Witter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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4
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Kaveh-Baghbaderani Y, Blank-Shim SA, Koch T, Berensmeier S. Selective release of overexpressed recombinant proteins from E. coli cells facilitates one-step chromatographic purification of peptide-tagged green fluorescent protein variants. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 152:155-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Song CP, Liew PE, Teh Z, Lim SP, Show PL, Ooi CW. Purification of the Recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein Using Aqueous Two-Phase System Composed of Recyclable CO 2-Based Alkyl Carbamate Ionic Liquid. Front Chem 2018; 6:529. [PMID: 30430106 PMCID: PMC6220422 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) with the environmentally friendly and recyclable ionic liquid has been gaining popularity in the field of protein separation. In this study, the ATPSs comprising N,N-dimethylammonium N′,N′-dimethylcarbamate (DIMCARB) and thermo-responsive poly(propylene) glycol (PPG) were applied for the recovery of recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFP) derived from Escherichia coli. The partition behavior of GFP in the PPG + DIMCARB + water system was investigated systematically by varying the molecular weight of PPG and the total composition of ATPS. Overall, GFP was found to be preferentially partitioned to the hydrophilic DIMCARB-rich phase. An ATPS composed of 42% (w/w) PPG 1000 and 4.4% (w/w) DIMCARB gave the optimum performance in terms of GFP selectivity (1,237) and yield (98.8%). The optimal system was also successfully scaled up by 50 times without compromising the purification performance. The bottom phase containing GFP was subjected to rotary evaporation of DIMCARB. The stability of GFP was not affected by the distillation of DIMCARB, and the DIMCARB was successfully recycled in three successive rounds of GFP purification. The potential of PPG + DIMCARB + water system as a sustainable protein purification tool is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cher Pin Song
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Selangor, Malaysia.,Advanced Engineering Platform, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Poh En Liew
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zora Teh
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Schian Pei Lim
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Bioseparation Research Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chien Wei Ooi
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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Modulation of adenylate cyclase signaling in association with MKK3/6 stabilization under combination of SAC and berberine to reduce HepG2 cell survivability. Apoptosis 2018; 22:1362-1379. [PMID: 28836036 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells often have faulty apoptotic pathways resulting in sustenance of survivability, tumour metastasis and resistance to anticancer drugs. Alternate strategies are sought to improve therapeutic efficacy and therefore HepG2 cells were treated with S-allyl-cysteine (SAC) and berberine (BER) to analyze their mechanistic impact upon necroptosis along with its interacting relationship to apoptosis. In the present study we observed that SAC and BER exposure reduced NFκβ nuclear translocation through adenylate cyclase-cAMP-protein kinaseA axis and eventually evaded c-FLIP inhibition. Effective RIP1 k63-polyubiquitination and persistent MKK3/MKK6 expression during drug treatment potentiated caspase8 activity via p53-DISC conformation. Resultant tBid associated lysosomal protease mediated AIF truncation induced DNA fragmentation and persuaded effector caspase mediated scramblase activation resulting induction of necroptosis in parallel to apoptotic events. SAC+BER effectively reduced Rb-phosphorylation resulting insignificant nuclear E2F presence led to ending of cell proliferation. Therefore necroptosis augmented the drug response and may be targeted alongside cell proliferation inhibition in formation of efficient therapeutics against liver cancer.
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7
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Schellenberg MJ, Petrovich RM, Malone CC, Williams RS. Selectable high-yield recombinant protein production in human cells using a GFP/YFP nanobody affinity support. Protein Sci 2018; 27:1083-1092. [PMID: 29577475 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant protein expression systems that produce high yields of pure proteins and multi-protein complexes are essential to meet the needs of biologists, biochemists, and structural biologists using X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. An ideal expression system for recombinant human proteins is cultured human cells where the correct translation and chaperone machinery are present. However, compared to bacterial expression systems, human cell cultures present several technical challenges to their use as an expression system. We developed a method that utilizes a YFP fusion-tag to generate recombinant proteins using suspension-cultured HEK293F cells. YFP is a dual-function tag that enables direct visualization and fluorescence-based selection of high expressing clones for and rapid purification using a high-stringency, high-affinity anti-GFP/YFP nanobody support. We demonstrate the utility of this system by expressing two large human proteins, TOP2α (340 KDa dimer) and a TOP2β catalytic core (260 KDa dimer). This robustly and reproducibly yields >10 mg/L liter of cell culture using transient expression or 2.5 mg/L using stable expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Schellenberg
- Structural Cell Biology Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Robert M Petrovich
- Structural Cell Biology Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Christine C Malone
- Structural Cell Biology Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - R Scott Williams
- Structural Cell Biology Group, Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
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8
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Lo SC, Ramanan RN, Tey BT, Tan WS, Show PL, Ling TC, Ooi CW. Purification of the recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein from Escherichia coli using alcohol + salt aqueous two-phase systems. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Shen K, Zhang L, Chen X, Liu L, Zhang D, Han Y, Chen J, Long J, Luque R, Li Y, Chen B. Ordered macro-microporous metal-organic framework single crystals. Science 2018; 359:206-210. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aao3403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 620] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We constructed highly oriented and ordered macropores within metal-organic framework (MOF) single crystals, opening up the area of three-dimensional–ordered macro-microporous materials (that is, materials containing both macro- and micropores) in single-crystalline form. Our methodology relies on the strong shaping effects of a polystyrene nanosphere monolith template and a double-solvent–induced heterogeneous nucleation approach. This process synergistically enabled the in situ growth of MOFs within ordered voids, rendering a single crystal with oriented and ordered macro-microporous structure. The improved mass diffusion properties of such hierarchical frameworks, together with their robust single-crystalline nature, endow them with superior catalytic activity and recyclability for bulky-molecule reactions, as compared with conventional, polycrystalline hollow, and disordered macroporous ZIF-8.
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10
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Design and applications of a clamp for Green Fluorescent Protein with picomolar affinity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16292. [PMID: 29176615 PMCID: PMC5701241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions are pervasively used to study structures and processes. Specific GFP-binders are thus of great utility for detection, immobilization or manipulation of GFP-fused molecules. We determined structures of two designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins), complexed with GFP, which revealed different but overlapping epitopes. Here we show a structure-guided design strategy that, by truncation and computational reengineering, led to a stable construct where both can bind simultaneously: by linkage of the two binders, fusion constructs were obtained that “wrap around” GFP, have very high affinities of about 10–30 pM, and extremely slow off-rates. They can be natively produced in E. coli in very large amounts, and show excellent biophysical properties. Their very high stability and affinity, facile site-directed functionalization at introduced unique lysines or cysteines facilitate many applications. As examples, we present them as tight yet reversible immobilization reagents for surface plasmon resonance, as fluorescently labelled monomeric detection reagents in flow cytometry, as pull-down ligands to selectively enrich GFP fusion proteins from cell extracts, and as affinity column ligands for inexpensive large-scale protein purification. We have thus described a general design strategy to create a “clamp” from two different high-affinity repeat proteins, even if their epitopes overlap.
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11
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Fitzgerald J, Leonard P, Darcy E, Sharma S, O'Kennedy R. Immunoaffinity Chromatography: Concepts and Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1485:27-51. [PMID: 27730547 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6412-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based separation methods, such as immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), are powerful purification and isolation techniques. Antibodies isolated using these techniques have proven highly efficient in applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. Immunoaffinity chromatography is an efficient antibody separation method which exploits the binding efficiency of a ligand to an antibody. Essential to the successful design of any IAC platform is the optimization of critical experimental parameters such as (a) the biological affinity pair, (b) the matrix support, (c) the immobilization coupling chemistry, and (d) the effective elution conditions. These elements and the practicalities of their use are discussed in detail in this review. At the core of all IAC platforms is the high affinity interactions between antibodies and their related ligands; hence, this review entails a brief introduction to the generation of antibodies for use in immunoaffinity chromatography and also provides specific examples of their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fitzgerald
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul Leonard
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Elaine Darcy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland. .,Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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12
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Xu J, Carrocci TJ, Hoskins AA. Evolution and characterization of a benzylguanine-binding RNA aptamer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:549-52. [PMID: 26538152 PMCID: PMC5020705 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07605f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Repurposing the "protein-labeling toolkit" for RNA research could be a pragmatic approach for developing new RNA-labeling methods. We have evolved an RNA aptamer that tightly binds benzylguanine (bG), the key ligand for the protein SNAP-tag. The aptamer tightly binds bG fluorophores and can be purified from cellular RNA with bG agarose under native conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, U. Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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13
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Mild and cost-effective green fluorescent protein purification employing small synthetic ligands. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1418:83-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li Q, Wang J, Yang L, Gao X, Chen H, Zhao X, Bian L, Zheng X. Estimation of interaction between oriented immobilized green fluorescent protein and its antibody by high performance affinity chromatography and molecular docking. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:438-46. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Lingjian Yang
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Xiaokang Gao
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Liujiao Bian
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- College of Life Sciences; Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 China
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15
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Stone OJ, Biette KM, Murphy PJM. Semi-automated hydrophobic interaction chromatography column scouting used in the two-step purification of recombinant green fluorescent protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108611. [PMID: 25254496 PMCID: PMC4177899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) most commonly requires experimental determination (i.e., scouting) in order to select an optimal chromatographic medium for purifying a given target protein. Neither a two-step purification of untagged green fluorescent protein (GFP) from crude bacterial lysate using sequential HIC and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), nor HIC column scouting elution profiles of GFP, have been previously reported. Methods and Results Bacterial lysate expressing recombinant GFP was sequentially adsorbed to commercially available HIC columns containing butyl, octyl, and phenyl-based HIC ligands coupled to matrices of varying bead size. The lysate was fractionated using a linear ammonium phosphate salt gradient at constant pH. Collected HIC eluate fractions containing retained GFP were then pooled and further purified using high-resolution preparative SEC. Significant differences in presumptive GFP elution profiles were observed using in-line absorption spectrophotometry (A395) and post-run fluorimetry. SDS-PAGE and western blot demonstrated that fluorometric detection was the more accurate indicator of GFP elution in both HIC and SEC purification steps. Comparison of composite HIC column scouting data indicated that a phenyl ligand coupled to a 34 µm matrix produced the highest degree of target protein capture and separation. Conclusions Conducting two-step protein purification using the preferred HIC medium followed by SEC resulted in a final, concentrated product with >98% protein purity. In-line absorbance spectrophotometry was not as precise of an indicator of GFP elution as post-run fluorimetry. These findings demonstrate the importance of utilizing a combination of detection methods when evaluating purification strategies. GFP is a well-characterized model protein, used heavily in educational settings and by researchers with limited protein purification experience, and the data and strategies presented here may aid in development other of HIC-compatible protein purification schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orrin J. Stone
- The Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Colleges of Nursing and Science & Engineering, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. Biette
- The Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Colleges of Nursing and Science & Engineering, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. M. Murphy
- The Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Colleges of Nursing and Science & Engineering, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Sheng S, Kong F. Separation of antigens and antibodies by immunoaffinity chromatography. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:1038-1044. [PMID: 22480305 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.653493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Affinity chromatography is an efficient antibody, antigen and protein separation method based on the interaction between specific immobilized ligands and target antibody, antigen, and so on. Populations of available ligands can be used to separate antibodies or their Fab fragments. Similarly, antigens can be isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) on immobilized antibodies of low affinity. OBJECTIVE This review describes the advantages, the applications, as well as the drawbacks, of IAC in the separation and purification of antibodies and antigens. METHODS The present review discussed all types of purification and isolation of antibodies and antigens by IAC, including purification of antibodies using immobilized and synthetic mimic proteins A, G and L; isolation of Fab fragments of antibodies; separation of antibodies against different antigen forms; isolation of antigens by immobilized antibodies and so on. These methods come from over 60 references compiled from all major databases. RESULTS Purification of antigens with antibodies should choose low-affinity antibodies to avoid denaturation of most proteins. Concern for cost and safety, prompted research activities focused on novel synthetic ligands with improved properties such as lower cost, avoidance of the risk of contamination associated with natural ligands of human or animal origin to isolate antibodies and antigens. CONCLUSION It is anticipated that the improvements of IAC will have impact not only on large-scale production of antibodies but also on the generation of new affinity-based methods for the increasing number of proteins and antibody derivatives available by protein engineering and the proteomics revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sheng
- Department of Hematology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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17
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HIV-TAT-fused FHIT protein functions as a potential pro-apoptotic molecule in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biosci Rep 2012; 32:271-9. [PMID: 21679157 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20110033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that FHIT (fragile histidine triad) is a bona fide tumour suppressor gene in a large fraction of human tumours, including hepatocellular cancer. A virus-based delivery system has been developed to transfer the FHIT gene into many types of cancer cells to inhibit growth or even induce apoptosis. However, a protein-based replacement strategy for FHIT has not been performed in cancer cells. Here, we used HIV-TAT (transactivator of transcription)-derived peptide to transfer the purified FHIT protein into HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) cells and determine the biological effect of this fusion protein in inducing apoptosis. Affinity chromatography was used to purify TAT peptide-fused human FHIT (TAT-FHIT) protein from BL21 Escherichia coli. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis were performed to identify the expression and internalization of TAT-FHIT in HCC cells compared with the purified FHIT protein. Our study showed that TAT-FHIT protein can translocate into cancer cells in 1 h after incubation at 37°C. Furthermore, the results of MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay, Annexin-V staining and Western blotting demonstrated that TAT-FHIT can robustly inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro. In addition, a mechanistic study showed that both exogenous and intrinsic apoptotic pathways were involved in TAT-FHIT-mediated apoptosis and this effect could be attenuated partially by a mitochondrial protector TAT-BH4, indicating that mitochondrion plays a critical role in TAT-FHIT-mediated pro-apoptotic effect in cancer cells. Taken together, our study suggests that TAT-FHIT is a potential pro-apoptotic molecule in HCC cells and strengthen the hypothesis of its therapeutic application against HCC.
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Deponte M. GFP tagging sheds light on protein translocation: implications for key methods in cell biology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1025-33. [PMID: 22349212 PMCID: PMC11115126 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a powerful tool for studying gene expression, protein localization, protein-protein interactions, calcium concentrations, and redox potentials owing to its intrinsic fluorescence. However, GFP not only contains a chromophore but is also tightly folded in a temperature-dependent manner. The latter property of GFP has recently been exploited (1) to characterize the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane and (2) to discriminate between protein transport across and into biomembranes in vivo. I therefore suggest that GFP could be a valuable tool for the general analysis of protein transport machineries and pathways in a variety of organisms. Moreover, results from such studies could be important for the interpretation and optimization of classical experiments using GFP tagging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Deponte
- Department of Parasitology, Ruprecht-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Sonnleitner B. Automated measurement and monitoring of bioprocesses: key elements of the M(3)C strategy. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [PMID: 23179291 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The state-of-routine monitoring items established in the bioprocess industry as well as some important state-of-the-art methods are briefly described and the potential pitfalls discussed. Among those are physical and chemical variables such as temperature, pressure, weight, volume, mass and volumetric flow rates, pH, redox potential, gas partial pressures in the liquid and molar fractions in the gas phase, infrared spectral analysis of the liquid phase, and calorimetry over an entire reactor. Classical as well as new optical versions are addressed. Biomass and bio-activity monitoring (as opposed to "measurement") via turbidity, permittivity, in situ microscopy, and fluorescence are critically analyzed. Some new(er) instrumental analytical tools, interfaced to bioprocesses, are explained. Among those are chromatographic methods, mass spectrometry, flow and sequential injection analyses, field flow fractionation, capillary electrophoresis, and flow cytometry. This chapter surveys the principles of monitoring rather than compiling instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Sonnleitner
- Institute for Chemistry and Biological Chemistry (ICBC), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 29, CH-8820, Waedenswil, Switzerland,
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Nata IF, El-Safory NS, Lee CK. Carbonaceous materials passivation on amine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and its application for metal affinity isolation of recombinant protein. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2011; 3:3342-3349. [PMID: 21830795 DOI: 10.1021/am200453e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with an amine functionalized surface (MH) were passivated with carbonaceous materials (MH@C) by carbonization of glucose under hydrothermal reaction conditions. The carboxylate groups in carbonaceous shell could be enriched to 0.285 mmol/g when acrylic acid was added as a functional monomer in the carbonization reaction (MH@C-Ac). The carbonaceous shell not only protected the magnetic core from acidic erosion but also showed a high adsorption capacity toward Ni(2+) ion. The Ni(2+) ion complexed on MH@C and MH@C-Ac could specifically isolate 6×His tagged recombinant proteins from crude bacterial extracts via metal affinity interaction. The superparamagnetic property facilitates the easy retrieval of the carbonaceous material passivated MNPs from the viscous proteins solutions. Recombinant green fluorescence protein (GFP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) lyase of 9.4 mg and 2.3 mg could be isolated by 1 g of MH@C-Ac-Ni, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryanti F Nata
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Rd Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Chew FN, Tan WS, Ling TC, Tey BT. Optimization of a native gel electrophoretic process for the purification of intracellular green fluorescent protein from intact Escherichia coli cells. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Antibody-based separation methods, such as immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC), are powerful purification and isolation techniques. Antibodies isolated using these techniques have proven highly efficient in applications ranging from clinical diagnostics to environmental monitoring. IAC is an efficient antibody separation method which exploits the binding efficiency of a ligand to an antibody. Essential to the successful design of any IAC platform is the optimisation of critical experimental parameters such as: (a) the biological affinity pair, (b) the matrix support, (c) the immobilisation coupling chemistry, and (d) the effective elution conditions. These elements and the practicalities of their use are discussed in detail in this review. At the core of all IAC platforms is the high-affinity interactions between antibodies and their related ligands; hence, this review entails a brief introduction to the generation of antibodies for use in IAC and also provides specific examples of their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fitzgerald
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhao Y, Tang J, Yao Q, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Zeng X, Shi J, Luo G, Xie X, Zhou S, Liu Z, Lu X, Lin D, Liu J. Fusion of EGFP and porcine α 1,3GT genes decrease GFP expression. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Chew FN, Tan WS, Ling TC, Tey BT. Single-step purification of the recombinant green fluorescent protein from intact Escherichia coli cells using preparative PAGE. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:3017-3023. [PMID: 19685471 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical and non-mechanical breakages of bacterial cells are usually the preliminary steps in intracellular protein purification. In this study, the recombinant green fluorescent protein (GFP) was purified from intact Escherichia coli cells using preparative PAGE. In this purification process, cells disruption step is not needed. The cellular content of E. coli was drifted out electrically from cells and the negatively charged GFP was further electroeluted from polyacrylamide gel column. SEM investigation of the electrophoresed cells revealed substantial structural damage at the cellular level. This integrated purification technique has successfully recovered the intracellular GFP with a yield of 82% and purity of 95%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Few Ne Chew
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Beng Ti Tey
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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