1
|
Sun B, Wang L, Guo W, Chen S, Ma Y, Wang D. New treatment methods for myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1251669. [PMID: 37840964 PMCID: PMC10569499 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1251669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, cardiovascular clinicians have focused their research on coronary atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and acute myocardial infarction due to their high morbidity, high mortality, high disability rate, and limited treatment options. Despite the continuous optimization of the therapeutic methods and pharmacological therapies for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, the incidence rate of heart failure continues to increase year by year. This situation is speculated to be caused by the current therapies, such as reperfusion therapy after ischemic injury, drugs, rehabilitation, and other traditional treatments, that do not directly target the infarcted myocardium. Consequently, these therapies cannot fundamentally solve the problems of myocardial pathological remodeling and the reduction of cardiac function after myocardial infarction, allowing for the progression of heart failure after myocardial infarction. Coupled with the decline in mortality caused by acute myocardial infarction in recent years, this combination leads to an increase in the incidence of heart failure. As a new promising therapy rising at the beginning of the twenty-first century, cardiac regenerative medicine provides a new choice and hope for the recovery of cardiac function and the prevention and treatment of heart failure after myocardial infarction. In the past two decades, regeneration engineering researchers have explored and summarized the elements, such as cells, scaffolds, and cytokines, required for myocardial regeneration from all aspects and various levels day and night, paving the way for our later scholars to carry out relevant research and also putting forward the current problems and directions for us. Here, we describe the advantages and challenges of cardiac tissue engineering, a contemporary innovative therapy after myocardial infarction, to provide a reference for clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Air Force Characteristic Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Beijing Dawanglu Emergency Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenmin Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Air Force Characteristic Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixuan Chen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Air Force Characteristic Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Zhengzhou Central Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Recent developments in miRNA based recombinant protein expression in CHO. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:671-681. [PMID: 35507207 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the growing demand for recombinant therapeutic proteins has led to the expansion of the biopharmaceutical industry and the development of strategies to increase recombinant protein production in mammalian cell lines such as SP2/0 HEK and particularly Chinese hamster ovary cells. For a long time now, most investigations have been focused on increasing host cell productivity using genetic manipulating of cellular processes like cell cycle, apoptosis, cell growth, protein secretory and other pathways. In recent decades MicroRNAs beside different genetic engineering tools (e.g., TALEN, ZFN, and Crisper/Cas) have attracted further attention as a tool in the genetic engineering of host cells to increase protein expression levels. Their ability to simultaneously target multiple mRNAs involved in one or more cellular processes made them a favorable tool in this field. Accordingly, this study aimed to review the methods of selecting target miRNA for cell line engineering, miRNA gain- or loss-of-function strategies, examples of laboratory and pilot studies in this field and discussed advantages and disadvantages of this technology.
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu D, Wan A, Peng L, Chen Y, He Y, Yang J, Jin J. Production of human mutant biologically active hepatocyte growth factor in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:489-495. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2016.1275010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Aini Wan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang He
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Ministry of Education Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu D, Wan A, Zhang J, Peng L, Chen Y, He Y, Yang J, Jin J. Inhibition of the ubiquitin ligase activity improves the production of biologically active fusion protein HSA-HGF in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Bioengineered 2016; 8:256-264. [PMID: 27753513 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2016.1227898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent multi-functional protein that stimulates proliferation, survival, motility, scattering and differentiation during growth and development, and has been considered to be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of a number of intractable diseases. The aim of this study was to enhance the expression of recombinant fusion protein HSA-HGF (R494E) in CHO cells by inhibiting the intracellular ubiquitin ligase activity. The high stable expression sub-clones with different signal peptides were selected by western blot (WB) analysis and used for suspension culture. We found that the expression of fusion protein HSA-HGF (R494E) on day 3 achieved 50 mg/L during the 8 day culture process, a large number of fusion proteins were intracellular degradated by ubiquitination pathway during day 4 to day 8. Furthermore, ubiquitin ligase inhibitor, thalidomide, was added in culture process, and resulted in efficient and stable secretion of HSA-HGF (R494E) in CHO cells. According to biological activity assays, HSA-HGF (R494E) possessed various biological activities similar to native HGF. In conclusion, innhibition of intracellular ubiquitin ligase activity was successfully improve the expression of biologically active fusion protein HSA-HGF (R494E) in CHO cells. Our data may be beneficial to enhance the production of other therapeutic proteins in fed-batch culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Xu
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education , School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.,b Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Aini Wan
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education , School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China.,b Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- b Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Lin Peng
- a The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education , School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Yun Chen
- b Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Yang He
- c Jiangsu Institute of Hematology , the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- d Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Ministry of Education Engineering Center of Hematological Disease , Soochow University , Suzhou , China
| | - Jian Jin
- b Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mitchell AC, Briquez PS, Hubbell JA, Cochran JR. Engineering growth factors for regenerative medicine applications. Acta Biomater 2016; 30:1-12. [PMID: 26555377 PMCID: PMC6067679 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors are important morphogenetic proteins that instruct cell behavior and guide tissue repair and renewal. Although their therapeutic potential holds great promise in regenerative medicine applications, translation of growth factors into clinical treatments has been hindered by limitations including poor protein stability, low recombinant expression yield, and suboptimal efficacy. This review highlights current tools, technologies, and approaches to design integrated and effective growth factor-based therapies for regenerative medicine applications. The first section describes rational and combinatorial protein engineering approaches that have been utilized to improve growth factor stability, expression yield, biodistribution, and serum half-life, or alter their cell trafficking behavior or receptor binding affinity. The second section highlights elegant biomaterial-based systems, inspired by the natural extracellular matrix milieu, that have been developed for effective spatial and temporal delivery of growth factors to cell surface receptors. Although appearing distinct, these two approaches are highly complementary and involve principles of molecular design and engineering to be considered in parallel when developing optimal materials for clinical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Growth factors are promising therapeutic proteins that have the ability to modulate morphogenetic behaviors, including cell survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation. However, the translation of growth factors into clinical therapies has been hindered by properties such as poor protein stability, low recombinant expression yield, and non-physiological delivery, which lead to suboptimal efficacy and adverse side effects. To address these needs, researchers are employing clever molecular and material engineering and design strategies to both improve the intrinsic properties of growth factors and effectively control their delivery into tissue. This review highlights examples of interdisciplinary tools and technologies used to augment the therapeutic potential of growth factors for clinical applications in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Priscilla S Briquez
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA.
| | - Jennifer R Cochran
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo H, Hong H, Slater MR, Graves SA, Shi S, Yang Y, Nickles RJ, Fan F, Cai W. PET of c-Met in Cancer with ⁶⁴Cu-Labeled Hepatocyte Growth Factor. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:758-63. [PMID: 25840981 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.154690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, c-Met, are actively involved in tumor progression and metastasis and are closely associated with a poor prognostic outcome for cancer patients. Thus, the development of PET agents that can assess c-Met expression would be extremely useful for diagnosing cancer and subsequently monitoring response to c-Met-targeted therapies. Here, we report the characterization of recombinant human HGF (rh-HGF) as a PET tracer for detection of c-Met expression in vivo. METHODS rh-HGF was expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. The concentrated rh-HGF was conjugated to 2-S-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid and labeled with (64)Cu. c-Met binding evaluation by flow cytometry was performed on both U87MG and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, which have a high level and a low level, respectively, of c-Met. PET imaging and biodistribution studies were performed on nude mice bearing U87MG and MDA-MB-231 xenografted tumors. RESULTS The rh-HGF expression yield was 150-200 μg of protein per 5 × 10(6) cells after a 48-h transfection, with purity of approximately 85%-90%. Flow cytometry examination confirmed that rh-HGF had a strong and specific capacity to bind to c-Met. After (64)Cu labeling, PET imaging revealed specific and prominent uptake of (64)Cu-NOTA-rh-HGF in c-Met-positive U87MG tumors (percentage injected dose per gram, 6.8 ± 1.8 at 9 h after injection) and significantly lower uptake in c-Met-negative MDA-MB-231 tumors (percentage injected dose per gram, 1.8 ± 0.6 at 9 h after injection). The fact that sonication-denatured rh-HGF had significantly lower uptake in U87MG tumors, along with histology analysis, confirmed the c-Met specificity of (64)Cu-NOTA-rh-HGF. CONCLUSION This study provided initial evidence that (64)Cu-NOTA-rh-HGF visualizes c-Met expression in vivo, an application that may prove useful for c-Met-targeted cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Luo
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Stephen A Graves
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sixiang Shi
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Yunan Yang
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Robert J Nickles
- Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | | | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ross J, Gherardi E, Mallorqui-Fernandez N, Bocci M, Sobkowicz A, Rees M, Rowe A, Ellmerich S, Massie I, Soeda J, Selden C, Hodgson H. Protein engineered variants of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor promote proliferation of primary human hepatocytes and in rodent liver. Gastroenterology 2012; 142:897-906. [PMID: 22178588 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) stimulates hepatocyte DNA synthesis and protects against apoptosis; in vivo it promotes liver regeneration and reduces fibrosis. However, its therapeutic value is limited by its complex domain structure, high cost of production, instability, and poor tissue penetration due to sequestration by heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). METHODS Using protein engineering techniques, we created a full-length form of HGF/SF (called HP21) and a form of the small, naturally occurring HGF/SF fragment, NK1 (called 1K1), which have reduced affinity for HSPG. We characterized the stability and proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects of these variants in primary human hepatocytes and in rodents. RESULTS Analytical ultracentrifugation showed that 1K1 and NK1 were more stable than the native, full-length protein. All 4 forms of HGF/SF induced similar levels of DNA synthesis in human hepatocytes; 1K1 and NK1 required heparin, an HSPG analogue, for full agonistic activity. All the proteins reduced levels of Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis, reducing the activity of caspase-3/7 and cleavage of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase. 1K1 was more active than NK1 in rodents; in healthy mice, 1K1 significantly increased hepatocyte DNA synthesis, and in mice receiving carbon tetrachloride, it reduced fibrosis. In rats, after 70% partial hepatectomy, daily administration of 1K1 for 5 days significantly increased liver mass and the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index compared with mice given NK1. CONCLUSIONS 1K1, an engineered form of the small, naturally occurring HGF/SF fragment NK1, has reduced affinity for HSPG and exerts proliferative and antiapoptotic effects in cultured hepatocytes. In rodents, 1K1 has antifibrotic effects and promotes liver regeneration. The protein has better stability and is easier to produce than HGF/SF and might be developed as a therapeutic for acute and chronic liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ross
- UCL Hepatology, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, England, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|