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Karimullina E, Guo Y, Khan HM, Emde T, Quade B, Leo RD, Otwinowski Z, Tieleman Peter D, Borek D, Savchenko A. Structural architecture of TolQ-TolR inner membrane protein complex from opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.19.599759. [PMID: 38948712 PMCID: PMC11212960 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.19.599759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria harness the proton motive force (PMF) within their inner membrane (IM) to uphold the integrity of their cell envelope, an indispensable aspect for both division and survival. The IM TolQ-TolR complex is the essential part of the Tol-Pal system, serving as a conduit for PMF energy transfer to the outer membrane. Here we present cryo-EM reconstructions of Acinetobacter baumannii TolQ in apo and TolR- bound forms at atomic resolution. The apo TolQ configuration manifests as a symmetric pentameric pore, featuring a trans-membrane funnel leading towards a cytoplasmic chamber. In contrast, the TolQ-TolR complex assumes a proton non-permeable stance, characterized by the TolQ pentamer's flexure to accommodate the TolR dimer, where two protomers undergo a translation-based relationship. Our structure-guided analysis and simulations support the rotor-stator mechanism of action, wherein the rotation of the TolQ pentamer harmonizes with the TolR protomers' interplay. These findings broaden our mechanistic comprehension of molecular stator units empowering critical functions within the Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope. Teaser Apo TolQ and TolQ-TolR structures depict structural rearrangements required for cell envelope organization in bacterial cell division.
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Mamaeva AA, Frolova AY, Kakuev DL, Martynov VI, Deyev SM, Pakhomov AA. Co-expression of different proteins in Escherichia coli using plasmids with identical origins of replication. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 641:57-60. [PMID: 36521286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the use of two different plasmids with the identical origins of replication in bacteria is not desirable due to their "incompatibility". The utilization of the same bacterial enzymatic apparatus for replication of different plasmids is thought to cause a significant redistribution in favor of one of them. In the present work, examining co-expression of two different fluorescent proteins in Escherichia coli, we have shown that the use of highly homologous plasmids with identical origins of replication and providing resistance to different antibiotics results in high representation of both plasmids in bacteria. Meanwhile, the level of gene expression and the amount of proteins produced may differ and is determined mostly by their sequence rather than by the "incompatibility" of the plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia A Mamaeva
- M.M.Shemyakin-Y.A.Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya Yu Frolova
- M.M.Shemyakin-Y.A.Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation; A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry L Kakuev
- M.M.Shemyakin-Y.A.Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I Martynov
- M.M.Shemyakin-Y.A.Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- M.M.Shemyakin-Y.A.Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Pakhomov
- M.M.Shemyakin-Y.A.Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation; A.N.Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Wu D, Gao N, Lin J. Reconstitution of Multi-Protein Complexes through Ribozyme-Assisted Polycistronic Co-Expression. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 12:136-143. [PMID: 36512506 PMCID: PMC9872166 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In living cells, proteins often exert their functions by interacting with other proteins forming protein complexes. Obtaining homogeneous samples of protein complexes with correct fold and stoichiometry is critical for its biochemical and biophysical characterization as well as functional investigation. Here, we developed a Ribozyme-Assisted Polycistronic co-expression system (pRAP) for heterologous co-production and in vivo assembly of multi-subunit complexes. In the pRAP system, a polycistronic mRNA transcript is co-transcriptionally converted into individual mono-cistrons in vivo. Each cistron can initiate translation with comparable efficiency, resulting in balanced production for all subunits, thus permitting faithful protein complex assembly. With pRAP polycistronic co-expression, we have successfully reconstituted large functional multi-subunit complexes involved in mammalian translation initiation. Our invention provides a valuable tool for studying the molecular mechanisms of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan
Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zihan Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan
Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Damu Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for
Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ning Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking-Tsinghua Joint Center for
Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinzhong Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan
Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China,. Tel.: +86-21-31246764
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Expression of the Heterotrimeric GP2/GP3/GP4 Spike of an Arterivirus in Mammalian Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040749. [PMID: 35458479 PMCID: PMC9030998 DOI: 10.3390/v14040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine arteritis virus (EAV), an enveloped positive-strand RNA virus, is an important pathogen of horses and the prototype member of the Arteiviridae family. Unlike many other enveloped viruses, which possess homotrimeric spikes, the spike responsible for cellular tropism in Arteriviruses is a heterotrimer composed of 3 glycoproteins: GP2, GP3, and GP4. Together with the hydrophobic protein E they are the minor components of virus particles. We describe the expression of all 3 minor glycoproteins, each equipped with a different tag, from a multi-cassette system in mammalian BHK-21 cells. Coprecipitation studies suggest that a rather small faction of GP2, GP3, and GP4 form dimeric or trimeric complexes. GP2, GP3, and GP4 co-localize with each other and also, albeit weaker, with the E-protein. The co-localization of GP3-HA and GP2-myc was tested with markers for ER, ERGIC, and cis-Golgi. The co-localization of GP3-HA was the same regardless of whether it was expressed alone or as a complex, whereas the transport of GP2-myc to cis-Golgi was higher when this protein was expressed as a complex. The glycosylation pattern was also independent of whether the proteins were expressed alone or together. The recombinant spike might be a tool for basic research but might also be used as a subunit vaccine for horses.
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Matsui Y, Abe Y, Uno K, Miyano S. RoDiCE: robust differential protein co-expression analysis for cancer complexome. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:1269-1276. [PMID: 34529752 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The full spectrum of abnormalities in cancer-associated protein complexes remains largely unknown. Comparing the co-expression structure of each protein complex between tumor and healthy cells may provide insights regarding cancer-specific protein dysfunction. However, the technical limitations of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, including contamination with biological protein variants, causes noise that leads to non-negligible over- (or under-) estimating co-expression. RESULTS We propose a robust algorithm for identifying protein complex aberrations in cancer based on differential protein co-expression testing. Our method based on a copula is sufficient for improving identification accuracy with noisy data compared to conventional linear correlation-based approaches. As an application, we use large-scale proteomic data from renal cancer to show that important protein complexes, regulatory signaling pathways and drug targets can be identified. The proposed approach surpasses traditional linear correlations to provide insights into higher-order differential co-expression structures. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://github.com/ymatts/RoDiCE. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsui
- Biomedical and Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 461-8673 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, 461-8673 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Abe
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 464-0021 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kohei Uno
- Biomedical and Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 461-8673 Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Department of Integrated Data Science, M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan
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Grose C, Putman Z, Esposito D. A review of alternative promoters for optimal recombinant protein expression in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 186:105924. [PMID: 34087362 PMCID: PMC8266756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Generating recombinant proteins in insect cells has been made possible via the use of the Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS). Despite the success of many proteins via this platform, some targets remain a challenge due to issues such as cytopathic effects, the unpredictable nature of co-infection and co-expressions, and baculovirus genome instability. Many promoters have been assayed for the purpose of expressing diverse proteins in insect cells, and yet there remains a lack of implementation of those results when reviewing the landscape of commercially available baculovirus vectors. In advancing the platform to produce a greater variety of proteins and complexes, the development of such constructs cannot be avoided. A better understanding of viral gene regulation and promoter options including viral, synthetic, and insect-derived promoters will be beneficial to researchers looking to utilize BEVS by recruiting these intricate mechanisms of gene regulation for heterologous gene expression. Here we summarize some of the developments that could be utilized to improve the expression of recombinant proteins and multi-protein complexes in insect cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Grose
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Zoe Putman
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Dominic Esposito
- Protein Expression Laboratory, NCI RAS Initiative, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
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Nguyen DH, You SH, Vo ATN, Ngo HTT, Van Nguyen K, Duong MTQ, Choy HE, Song M, Hong Y, Min JJ. Optimized Doxycycline-Inducible Gene Expression System for Genetic Programming of Tumor-Targeting Bacteria. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 24:82-92. [PMID: 34403085 PMCID: PMC8760206 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the programming of tumor-targeting bacteria, various therapeutic or reporter genes are expressed by different gene-triggering strategies. Previously, we engineered pJL87 plasmid with an inducible bacterial drug delivery system that simultaneously co-expressed two genes for therapy and imaging by a bidirectional tet promoter system only in response to the administration of exogenous doxycycline (Doxy). In this multi-cassette expression approach, tetA promoter (PtetA) was 100-fold higher in expression strength than tetR promoter (PtetR). In the present study, we developed pJH18 plasmid with novel Doxy-inducible gene expression system based on a tet promoter. PROCEDURES In this system, Tet repressor (TetR) expressed by a weak constitutive promoter binds to tetO operator, resulting in the tight repression of gene expressions by PtetA and PtetR, and Doxy releases TetR from tetO to de-repress PtetA and PtetR. RESULTS In Salmonella transformed with pJH18, the expression balance of bidirectional tet promoters in pJH18 was remarkably improved (PtetA:PtetR = 4~6:1) compared with that of pJL87 (PtetA:PtetR = 100:1) in the presence of Doxy. Also, the expression level by novel tet system was much higher in Salmonella transformed with pJH18 than in those with pJL87 (80-fold in rluc8 and 5-fold in clyA). Interestingly, pJH18 of the transformed Salmonella was much more stably maintained than pJL87 in antibiotic-free tumor-bearing mice (about 41-fold), because only pJH18 carries bom sequence with an essential role in preventing the plasmid-free population of programmed Salmonella from undergoing cell division. CONCLUSIONS Overall, doxycycline-induced co-expression of two proteins at similar expression levels, we exploited bioluminescence reporter proteins with preclinical but no clinical utility. Future validation with clinically compatible reporter systems, for example, suitable for radionuclide imaging, is necessary to develop this system further towards potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Huy Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan You
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - An-Trang Ngoc Vo
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hien Thi-Thu Ngo
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Khuynh Van Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Mai Thi-Quynh Duong
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon E Choy
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Miryoung Song
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Yeongjin Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine (BrainKorea21 Plus), Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Pan L, Lu Y, Zuo Y, Qu K, Ma W, Liu J. Production of integrin αIIbβ3 in stably transfected and clonal Chinese hamster ovary cells for functional and structural studies. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:907-909. [PMID: 32445462 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yongmei Zuo
- Heilongjiang Institute of Animal Health Inspection, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Kechang Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenlei Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiafu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Wiltschi B, Cernava T, Dennig A, Galindo Casas M, Geier M, Gruber S, Haberbauer M, Heidinger P, Herrero Acero E, Kratzer R, Luley-Goedl C, Müller CA, Pitzer J, Ribitsch D, Sauer M, Schmölzer K, Schnitzhofer W, Sensen CW, Soh J, Steiner K, Winkler CK, Winkler M, Wriessnegger T. Enzymes revolutionize the bioproduction of value-added compounds: From enzyme discovery to special applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 40:107520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Ménil S, Petit J, Courvoisier‐Dezord E, Debard A, Pellouin V, Reignier T, Sergent M, Deyris V, Duquesne K, Berardinis V, Alphand V. Tuning of the enzyme ratio in a neutral redox convergent cascade: A key approach for an efficient one‐pot/two‐step biocatalytic whole‐cell system. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2852-2863. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidiky Ménil
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Jean‐Louis Petit
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRSUniversite Evry, Université Paris‐Saclay Evry France
| | | | - Adrien Debard
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRSUniversite Evry, Université Paris‐Saclay Evry France
| | - Virginie Pellouin
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRSUniversite Evry, Université Paris‐Saclay Evry France
| | - Thomas Reignier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Michelle Sergent
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
| | - Valérie Deyris
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Katia Duquesne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Véronique Berardinis
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRSUniversite Evry, Université Paris‐Saclay Evry France
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11
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Xu J, Kato T, Park EY. Development of SpyTag/SpyCatcher-Bacmid Expression Vector System (SpyBEVS) for Protein Bioconjugations Inside of Silkworms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174228. [PMID: 31470538 PMCID: PMC6747175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein conjugations at post-translational levels are known to be essential to protein stability and function. Recently, it has been proven that the split protein CnaB2 (SpyTag/SpyCatcher, ST/SC) from Streptococcus pyogenes can induce covalent conjugation rapidly and efficiently under various conditions. The protein of interest fused with the split protein SC/ST could be assembled spontaneously. In light of this finding, we introduced the ST/SC protein coupling concept into the silkworm-bacmid protein expression system (SpyBEVS). As a proof of concept, we first examined and confirmed that a competent ligation occurred between ST/SC-fused protein partners in vitro in cultured silkworm cells and in vivo in silkworm larvae by co-infection of several recombinant baculoviruses. The protein conjugation could be also achieved sufficiently by a simple one-step mixture of purified ST/SC-tagged peptide-protein pairs in vitro. Given the flexibility and robustness of silkworm-BEVS, our results on SpyBEVS show an alternative method for enabling the production of protein decorations in vitro and inside of silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Enoch Y Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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12
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Goldbeck O, Seibold GM. Construction of pOGOduet - An inducible, bicistronic vector for synthesis of recombinant proteins in Corynebacterium glutamicum. Plasmid 2018; 95:11-15. [PMID: 29331350 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Gram-positive Corynebacterium glutamicum is widely known for its application in the industrial production of amino acids and as a non-pathogenic model organism for cell wall biosynthesis in the group of CMN bacteria. For biotechnological and physiological studies often co-expression of recombinant genes is required, however for C. glutamicum no vector for the independent co-expression of two genes was described. We here created the novel expression vector pOGOduet for C. glutamicum, which carries the ColE1 replicon of E. coli and the pBL1 replicon of C. glutamicum and two independently inducible promoters Ptac and Ptet each followed by unique multiple cloning sites. Functionality of pOGOduet is tested by coexpression of genes for the fluorescent proteins eCFP and mVenus; fluorescence of the reporters varies in dependence of the inducer concentrations present in the culture broth. These experiments demonstrate that the vector pOGOduet fulfills the task for individually inducible expression of two genes of interest in C. glutamicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Goldbeck
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerd M Seibold
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ackermann
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, Centre of Magnetic Resonance and EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Scotland
| | - Bela E. Bode
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, Centre of Magnetic Resonance and EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Scotland
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14
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Progress in programming spatiotemporal patterns and machine-assembly in cell-free protein expression systems. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Yamashita A, Nango E, Ashikawa Y. A large-scale expression strategy for multimeric extracellular protein complexes using Drosophila S2 cells and its application to the recombinant expression of heterodimeric ligand-binding domains of taste receptor. Protein Sci 2017; 26:2291-2301. [PMID: 28833672 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Many of the extracellular proteins or extracellular domains of plasma membrane proteins exist or function as homo- or heteromeric multimer protein complexes. Successful recombinant production of such proteins is often achieved by co-expression of the components using eukaryotic cells via the secretory pathway. Here we report a strategy addressing large-scale expression of hetero-multimeric extracellular domains of plasma membrane proteins and its application to the extracellular domains of a taste receptor. The target receptor consists of a heterodimer of T1r2 and T1r3 proteins, and their extracellular ligand binding domains (LBDs) are responsible for the perception of major taste substances. However, despite the functional importance, recombinant production of the heterodimeric proteins has so far been unsuccessful. We achieved the successful preparation of the heterodimeric LBD by use of Drosophila S2 cells, which have a high secretory capacity, and by the establishment of a stable high-expression clone producing both subunits at a comparable level. The method overcame the problems encountered in the conventional transient expression of the receptor protein in insect cells using baculovirus or vector lipofection, which failed in the proper heterodimer production because of the biased expression of T1r3LBD over T1r2LBD. The large-scale expression methodology reported here may serve as one of the considerable strategies for the preparation of multimeric extracellular protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Yamashita
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Eriko Nango
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yuji Ashikawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
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16
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Han T, Ming H, Deng L, Zhu H, Liu Z, Zhang J, Song Y. A novel expression vector for the improved solubility of recombinant scorpion venom in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:120-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Sporny M, Guez-Haddad J, Waterman DG, Isupov MN, Opatowsky Y. Molecular symmetry-constrained systematic search approach to structure solution of the coiled-coil SRGAP2 F-BARx domain. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 72:1241-1253. [PMID: 27917825 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798316016697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SRGAP2 (Slit-Robo GTPase-activating protein 2) is a cytoplasmic protein found to be involved in neuronal branching, restriction of neuronal migration and restriction of the length and density of dendritic postsynaptic spines. The extended F-BAR (F-BARx) domain of SRGAP2 generates membrane protrusions when expressed in COS-7 cells, while most F-BARs induce the opposite effect: membrane invaginations. As a first step to understand this discrepancy, the F-BARx domain of SRGAP2 was isolated and crystallized after co-expression with the carboxy domains of the protein. Diffraction data were collected from two significantly non-isomorphous crystals in the same monoclinic C2 space group. A correct molecular-replacment solution was obtained by applying a molecular symmetry-constrained systematic search approach that took advantage of the conserved biological symmetry of the F-BAR domains. It is shown that similar approaches can solve other F-BAR structures that were previously determined by experimental phasing. Diffraction data were reprocessed with a high-resolution cutoff of 2.2 Å, chosen using less strict statistical criteria. This has improved the outcome of multi-crystal averaging and other density-modification procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sporny
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Julia Guez-Haddad
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | | | | | - Yarden Opatowsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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18
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Tekewe A, Fan Y, Tan E, Middelberg APJ, Lua LHL. Integrated molecular and bioprocess engineering for bacterially produced immunogenic modular virus-like particle vaccine displaying 18 kDa rotavirus antigen. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:397-406. [PMID: 27497268 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A high global burden of rotavirus disease and the unresolved challenges with the marketed rotavirus vaccines, particularly in the developing world, have ignited efforts to develop virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines for rotavirus. While rotavirus-like particles comprising multiple viral proteins can be difficult to process, modular VLPs presenting rotavirus antigenic modules are promising alternatives in reducing process complexity and cost. In this study, integrated molecular and bioprocess engineering approaches were used to simplify the production of modular murine polyomavirus capsomeres and VLPs presenting a rotavirus 18 kDa VP8* antigen. A single construct was generated for dual expression of non-tagged murine polyomavirus capsid protein VP1 and modular VP1 inserted with VP8*, for co-expression in Escherichia coli. Co-expressed proteins assembled into pentameric capsomeres in E. coli. A selective salting-out precipitation and a polishing size exclusion chromatography step allowed the recovery of stable modular capsomeres from cell lysates at high purity, and modular capsomeres were successfully translated into modular VLPs when assembled in vitro. Immunogenicity study in mice showed that modular capsomeres and VLPs induced high levels of VP8*-specific antibodies. Our results demonstrate that a multipronged synthetic biology approach combining molecular and bioprocess engineering enabled simple and low-cost production of highly immunogenic modular capsomeres and VLPs presenting conformational VP8* antigenic modules. This strategy potentially provides a cost-effective production route for modular capsomere and VLP vaccines against rotavirus, highly suitable to manufacturing economics for the developing world. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 397-406. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Tekewe
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnoloy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- Protein Expression Facility, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Emilyn Tan
- Protein Expression Facility, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Anton P J Middelberg
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnoloy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Linda H L Lua
- Protein Expression Facility, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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19
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Tekewe A, Connors NK, Middelberg APJ, Lua LHL. Design strategies to address the effect of hydrophobic epitope on stability and in vitro assembly of modular virus-like particle. Protein Sci 2016; 25:1507-16. [PMID: 27222486 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) and capsomere subunits have shown promising potential as safe and effective vaccine candidates. They can serve as platforms for the display of foreign epitopes on their surfaces in a modular architecture. Depending on the physicochemical properties of the antigenic modules, modularization may affect the expression, solubility and stability of capsomeres, and VLP assembly. In this study, three module designs of a rotavirus hydrophobic peptide (RV10) were synthesized using synthetic biology. Among the three synthetic modules, modularization of the murine polyomavirus VP1 with a single copy of RV10 flanked by long linkers and charged residues resulted in the expression of stable modular capsomeres. Further employing the approach of module titration of RV10 modules on each capsomere via Escherichia coli co-expression of unmodified VP1 and modular VP1-RV10 successfully translated purified modular capomeres into modular VLPs when assembled in vitro. Our results demonstrate that tailoring the physicochemical properties of modules to enhance modular capsomeres stability is achievable through synthetic biology designs. Combined with module titration strategy to avoid steric hindrance to intercapsomere interactions, this allows bioprocessing of bacterially produced in vitro assembled modular VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Tekewe
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Centre for Biomolecular Engineering, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Natalie K Connors
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Centre for Biomolecular Engineering, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Anton P J Middelberg
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Centre for Biomolecular Engineering, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Linda H L Lua
- The University of Queensland, UQ Protein Expression Facility, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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20
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Celie PHN, Parret AHA, Perrakis A. Recombinant cloning strategies for protein expression. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 38:145-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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An efficient method for the preparation of preferentially heterodimerized recombinant S100A8/A9 coexpressed in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 6:94-100. [PMID: 28955868 PMCID: PMC5600424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now known that multicomponent protein assemblies strictly regulate many protein functions. The S100 protein family is known to play various physiological roles, which are associated with alternative complex formations. To prepare sufficient amounts of heterodimeric S100A8 and S100A9 proteins, we developed a method for bicistronic coexpression from a single-vector system using Escherichia coli cells as a host. The complex formation between S100A8 and S100A9 appears to be dependent on the thermodynamic stability of the protein during expression. The stable S100A8/A9 heterodimer complex spontaneously formed during coexpression, and biologically active samples were purified by cation-exchange chromatography. Semi-stable homodimers of S100A8 and S100A9 were also formed when expressed individually. These results suggest that the assembly of S100 protein complexes might be regulated by expression levels of partner proteins in vivo. Because protein assembly occurs rapidly after protein synthesis, coexpression of relevant proteins is crucial for the design of multicomponent recombinant protein expression systems. S100A8/A9 heterodimer efficiently formed by coexpression in E. coli. S100A8/A9 heterodimer preferentially assembled as compared to homodimer. Simplified purification procedure for recombinant S100A8/A9 without fusion of affinity tag. Convenient recombination method for construction of coexpression vector.
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22
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Baser B, Spehr J, Büssow K, van den Heuvel J. A method for specifically targeting two independent genomic integration sites for co-expression of genes in CHO cells. Methods 2016; 95:3-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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23
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Baser B, van den Heuvel J. Assembling Multi-subunit Complexes Using Mammalian Expression. ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROTEIN COMPLEX PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016; 896:225-38. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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24
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Vincentelli R, Romier C. Complex Reconstitution and Characterization by Combining Co-expression Techniques in Escherichia coli with High-Throughput. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 896:43-58. [PMID: 27165318 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Single protein expression technologies have strongly benefited from the Structural Genomics initiatives that have introduced parallelization at the laboratory level. Specifically, the developments made in the wake of these initiatives have revitalized the use of Escherichia coli as major host for heterologous protein expression. In parallel to these improvements for single expression, technologies for complex reconstitution by co-expression in E. coli have been developed. Assessments of these co-expression technologies have highlighted the need for combinatorial experiments requiring automated protocols. These requirements can be fulfilled by adapting the high-throughput approaches that have been developed for single expression to the co-expression technologies. Yet, challenges are laying ahead that further need to be addressed and that are only starting to be taken into account in the case of single expression. These notably include the biophysical characterization of the samples at the small-scale level. Specifically, these approaches aim at discriminating the samples at an early stage of their production based on various biophysical criteria leading to cost-effectiveness and time-saving. This chapter addresses these various issues to provide the reader with a broad and comprehensive overview of complex reconstitution and characterization by co-expression in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Vincentelli
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (A.F.M.B), UMR7257 CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288, Marseille cedex 9, France.
| | - Christophe Romier
- Département de Biologie Structurale Intégrative, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UDS), CNRS, INSERM, 1 rue Laurent Fries, B.P. 10142, 67404, Illkirch Cedex, France.
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25
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Hempel F, Maier UG. Microalgae as Solar-Powered Protein Factories. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 896:241-62. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27216-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Chen S. Alternative Strategies for Expressing Multicomponent Protein Complexes in Insect Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1350:317-26. [PMID: 26820865 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3043-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Expression of recombinant proteins in insect cells infected with baculoviruses is commonplace. This system provides an easy way to generate a significant amount of properly folded, functional protein with proper posttranslational modifications and can be used to effectively produce multi-protein complexes. This chapter describes an alternative method of expressing high order protein complexes in insect cell culture. Specific examples involving the expression of 5- and 8-protein complexes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chen
- Biological Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA.
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27
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Yao P, Wang L, Yuan J, Cheng L, Jia R, Xie M, Feng J, Wang M, Wu Q, Zhu D. Efficient Biosynthesis of Ethyl (R)-3-Hydroxyglutarate through a One-Pot Bienzymatic Cascade of Halohydrin Dehalogenase and Nitrilase. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Zhang B, Rapolu M, Liang Z, Han Z, Williams PG, Su WW. A dual-intein autoprocessing domain that directs synchronized protein co-expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8541. [PMID: 25712612 PMCID: PMC4339811 DOI: 10.1038/srep08541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Being able to coordinate co-expression of multiple proteins is necessary for a variety of important applications such as assembly of protein complexes, trait stacking, and metabolic engineering. Currently only few options are available for multiple recombinant protein co-expression, and most of them are not applicable to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts. Here, we report a new polyprotein vector system that is based on a pair of self-excising mini-inteins fused in tandem, termed the dual-intein (DI) domain, to achieve synchronized co-expression of multiple proteins. The DI domain comprises an Ssp DnaE mini-intein N159A mutant and an Ssp DnaB mini-intein C1A mutant connected in tandem by a peptide linker to mediate efficient release of the flanking proteins via autocatalytic cleavage. Essentially complete release of constituent proteins, GFP and RFP (mCherry), from a polyprotein precursor, in bacterial, mammalian, and plant hosts was demonstrated. In addition, successful co-expression of GFP with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, and thioredoxin with RFP, respectively, further substantiates the general applicability of the DI polyprotein system. Collectively, our results demonstrate the DI-based polyprotein technology as a highly valuable addition to the molecular toolbox for multi-protein co-expression which finds vast applications in biotechnology, biosciences, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Madhusudhan Rapolu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Zhibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Zhenlin Han
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Philip G. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Wei Wen Su
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
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29
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Characterization and production of protein complexes by co-expression in Escherichia coli. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1261:63-89. [PMID: 25502194 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2230-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The functional units within cells are often macromolecular complexes rather than single species. Production of these complexes as assembled homogenous samples is a prerequisite for their biophysical and structural characterization and hence an understanding of their function in molecular terms. Co-expression in Escherichia coli has been used routinely to decipher the subunit composition, assembly, and production of whole protein complexes. Such complexes can then be used to reconstitute protein/nucleic acid complexes in vitro. In this chapter we present protocols for the widely utilized ACEMBL and pET-MCN/pET-MCP vector series which enable the rapid and automated co-expression of protein complexes in Escherichia coli.
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30
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Higo T, Suka N, Ehara H, Wakamori M, Sato S, Maeda H, Sekine SI, Umehara T, Yokoyama S. Development of a hexahistidine-3× FLAG-tandem affinity purification method for endogenous protein complexes in Pichia pastoris. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS 2014; 15:191-9. [PMID: 25398586 PMCID: PMC4237914 DOI: 10.1007/s10969-014-9190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We developed a method for efficient chromosome tagging in Pichia pastoris, using a useful tandem affinity purification (TAP) tag. The TAP tag, designated and used here as the THF tag, contains a thrombin protease cleavage site for removal of the TAP tag and a hexahistidine sequence (6× His) followed by three copies of the FLAG sequence (3× FLAG) for affinity purification. Using this method, THF-tagged RNA polymerases I, II, and III were successfully purified from P. pastoris. The method also enabled us to purify the tagged RNA polymerase II on a large scale, for its crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis. The method described here will be widely useful for the rapid and large-scale preparation of crystallization grade eukaryotic multi-subunit protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Higo
- Department of Supramolecular Biology, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Noriyuki Suka
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Meisei University, 2-1-1 Hodokubo, Hino, Tokyo 191-8506 Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ehara
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Wakamori
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Shin Sato
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Hideaki Maeda
- Department of Supramolecular Biology, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Sekine
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
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31
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Go MK, Zhang WC, Lim B, Yew WS. Glycine Decarboxylase Is an Unusual Amino Acid Decarboxylase Involved in Tumorigenesis. Biochemistry 2014; 53:947-56. [DOI: 10.1021/bi4014227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maybelle Kho Go
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597
| | - Wen Cai Zhang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672
| | - Bing Lim
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- Department
of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597
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32
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Xu L, Wang G, Wang W, Lv X, Li Q, Yan A. Development of a prokaryotic-like polycistronic expression system based on a virus-originated internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in industrial eukaryotic microorganisms. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07679f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A prokaryotic-like polycistronic expression system was developed inPichia pastorisandAcremonium chrysogenum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing, China
| | - Wenya Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lv
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis
- Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing, China
| | - Aixia Yan
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing, China
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33
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Eschenfeldt WH, Makowska-Grzyska M, Stols L, Donnelly M, Jedrzejczak R, Joachimiak A. New LIC vectors for production of proteins from genes containing rare codons. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS 2013; 14:135-44. [PMID: 24057978 PMCID: PMC3933008 DOI: 10.1007/s10969-013-9163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the effort to produce proteins coded by diverse genomes, structural genomics projects often must express genes containing codons that are rare in the production strain. To address this problem, genes expressing tRNAs corresponding to those codons are typically coexpressed from a second plasmid in the host strain, or from genes incorporated into production plasmids. Here we describe the modification of a series of LIC pMCSG vectors currently used in the high-throughput (HTP) production of proteins to include crucial tRNA genes covering rare codons for Arg (AGG/AGA) and Ile (AUA). We also present variants of these new vectors that allow analysis of ligand binding or co-expression of multiple proteins introduced through two independent LIC steps. Additionally, to accommodate the cloning of multiple large proteins, the size of the plasmids was reduced by approximately one kilobase through the removal of non-essential DNA from the base vector. Production of proteins from core vectors of this series validated the desired enhanced capabilities: higher yields of proteins expressed from genes with rare codons occurred in most cases, biotinylated derivatives enabled detailed automated ligand binding analysis, and multiple proteins introduced by dual LIC cloning were expressed successfully and in near balanced stoichiometry, allowing tandem purification of interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Eschenfeldt
- Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Magdalena Makowska-Grzyska
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Computational Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60667
| | - Lucy Stols
- Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Mark Donnelly
- Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Robert Jedrzejczak
- Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Computational Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60667
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34
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Co-expression for intracellular processing in microbial protein production. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 36:427-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Hacker DL, Kiseljak D, Rajendra Y, Thurnheer S, Baldi L, Wurm FM. Polyethyleneimine-based transient gene expression processes for suspension-adapted HEK-293E and CHO-DG44 cells. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 92:67-76. [PMID: 24021764 PMCID: PMC7129890 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A brief overview of principles of TGE using mammalian cells. Description of TGE processes for HEK293 and CHO cells. Description of orbitally shaken bioreactors for suspension cell cultivation. Description of polyethylenime-based transfection processes.
Transient gene expression (TGE) from mammalian cells is an increasingly important tool for the rapid production of recombinant proteins for research applications in biochemistry, structural biology, and biomedicine. Here we review methods for the transfection of human embryo kidney (HEK-293) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in suspension culture using the cationic polymer polyethylenimine (PEI) for gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Hacker
- Protein Expression Core Facility, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Cellular Biotechnology, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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36
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Jiang SN, Park SH, Lee HJ, Zheng JH, Kim HS, Bom HS, Hong Y, Szardenings M, Shin MG, Kim SC, Ntziachristos V, Choy HE, Min JJ. Engineering of bacteria for the visualization of targeted delivery of a cytolytic anticancer agent. Mol Ther 2013; 21:1985-95. [PMID: 23922014 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of recent reports have demonstrated that attenuated Salmonella typhimurium are capable of targeting both primary and metastatic tumors. The use of bacteria as a vehicle for the delivery of anticancer drugs requires a mechanism that precisely regulates and visualizes gene expression to ensure the appropriate timing and location of drug production. To integrate these functions into bacteria, we used a repressor-regulated tetracycline efflux system, in which the expression of a therapeutic gene and an imaging reporter gene were controlled by divergent promoters (tetAP and tetRP) in response to extracellular tetracycline. Attenuated S. typhimurium was transformed with the expression plasmids encoding cytolysin A, a therapeutic gene, and renilla luciferase variant 8, an imaging reporter gene, and administered intravenously to tumor-bearing mice. The engineered Salmonella successfully localized to tumor tissue and gene expression was dependent on the concentration of inducer, indicating the feasibility of peripheral control of bacterial gene expression. The bioluminescence signal permitted the localization of gene expression from the bacteria. The engineered bacteria significantly suppressed both primary and metastatic tumors and prolonged survival in mice. Therefore, engineered bacteria that carry a therapeutic and an imaging reporter gene for targeted anticancer therapy can be designed as a theranostic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Jiang
- 1] Laboratory of In Vivo Molecular Imaging, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea [2] Department of Nuclear Medicine, Haikou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, China
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37
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Daube SS, Bar-Ziv RH. Protein nanomachines assembly modes: cell-free expression and biochip perspectives. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:613-28. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirley S. Daube
- Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - Roy H. Bar-Ziv
- Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
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Vincentelli R, Romier C. Expression in Escherichia coli: becoming faster and more complex. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2013; 23:326-34. [PMID: 23422067 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2013.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the major expression host for the production of homogeneous protein samples for structural studies. The introduction of high-throughput technologies in the last decade has further revitalized E. coli expression, with rapid assessment of different expression strategies and successful production of an ever-increasing number of proteins. In addition, miniaturization of biophysical characterizations should soon help choosing expression strategies based on quantitative and qualitative observations. Since many proteins form larger assemblies in vivo, dedicated co-expression systems for E. coli are now addressing the reconstitution of protein complexes. Yet, co-expression approaches show an increasing experimental combinatorial intricacy when considering larger complexes. The current combination of high-throughput and co-expression technologies paves the way, however, for tackling larger and more complex macromolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Vincentelli
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, UMR7257 CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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Abstract
The rational engineering of proteins is driven by contemporary needs for new and altered biomolecular forms. Utilizing manipulative procedures of molecular biology, it is relatively straightforward to alter protein structure and function to create mutated or fused sequences. We here give an overview of procedures and strategies for site-directed mutagenesis, construction of fusion proteins, and insertion of tags. The design of new protein constructs as well as their over-expression as recombinant products is considered. We also summarize approaches for the engineering of protein complexes by co-expression, a valuable route to generate bioactive multicomponent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Sobti
- Structural and Computational Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
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40
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Masutani M, Machida K, Kobayashi T, Yokoyama S, Imataka H. Reconstitution of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 by co-expression of the subunits in a human cell-derived in vitro protein synthesis system. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 87:5-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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41
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Zheng N, Huang X, Yin B, Wang D, Xie Q. An effective system for detecting protein-protein interaction based on in vivo cleavage by PPV NIa protease. Protein Cell 2012; 3:921-8. [PMID: 23096592 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of protein-protein interaction can provide valuable information for investigating the biological function of proteins. The current methods that applied in protein-protein interaction, such as co-immunoprecipitation and pull down etc., often cause plenty of working time due to the burdensome cloning and purification procedures. Here we established a system that characterization of protein-protein interaction was accomplished by co-expression and simply purification of target proteins from one expression cassette within E. coli system. We modified pET vector into co-expression vector pInvivo which encoded PPV NIa protease, two cleavage site F and two multiple cloning sites that flanking cleavage sites. The target proteins (for example: protein A and protein B) were inserted at multiple cloning sites and translated into polyprotein in the order of MBP tag-protein A-site F-PPV NIa protease-site F-protein B-His(6) tag. PPV NIa protease carried out intracellular cleavage along expression, then led to the separation of polyprotein components, therefore, the interaction between protein A-protein B can be detected through one-step purification and analysis. Negative control for protein B was brought into this system for monitoring interaction specificity. We successfully employed this system to prove two cases of reported protien-protein interaction: RHA2a/ANAC and FTA/FTB. In conclusion, a convenient and efficient system has been successfully developed for detecting protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoyan Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
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42
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Co-expression of α and β subunits of the 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:1185-91. [PMID: 22805839 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile bacterium that can grow using citronellol or leucine as sole carbon source. For both compounds the degradation pathways converge at the key enzyme 3-methylcrotonyl coenzyme-A carboxylase (MCCase). This enzyme is a complex formed by two subunits (α and β), encoded by the liuD and liuB genes, respectively; both are essential for enzyme function. Previously, both subunits had been separately expressed and then the complex re-constituted, however this methodology is laborious and produces low yield of active enzyme. In this work, the MCCase subunits were co-expressed in the same plasmid and purified in one step by affinity chromatography using the LiuD-His tag protein, interacting with the LiuB-S tag recombinant protein. The purified enzyme lost most of the activity within few hours of storage. The co-expressed subunits formed an (αβ)(4) complex that suffered a modification of its oligomerization state after storage, which probably contributed to the loss on activity observed. The recombinant MCCase enzyme presented optimum pH and temperature values of 9.0 and 30º C, respectively. Functionally, MCCase showed Michaelian kinetics behavior with a K(m) for its substrate and V(max) of 168 μM and 430 nmoles mg(-1)min(-1), respectively. The results suggest that the co-expression and co-purification of the subunits is a suitable procedure to obtain the active complex of the MCCase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a single step.
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Trowitzsch S, Klumpp M, Thoma R, Carralot JP, Berger I. Light it up: highly efficient multigene delivery in mammalian cells. Bioessays 2011; 33:946-55. [PMID: 22002169 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multigene delivery and expression systems are emerging as key technologies for many applications in contemporary biology. We have developed new methods for multigene delivery and expression in eukaryotic hosts for a variety of applications, including production of protein complexes for structural biology and drug development, provision of multicomponent protein biologics, and cell-based assays. We implemented tandem recombineering to facilitate rapid generation of multicomponent gene expression constructs for efficient transformation of mammalian cells, resulting in homogenous cell populations. Analysis of multiple parameters in living cells may require co-expression of fluorescently tagged sensors simultaneously in a single cell, at defined and ideally controlled ratios. Our method enables such applications by overcoming currently limiting challenges. Here, we review recent multigene delivery and expression strategies and their exploitation in mammalian cells. We discuss applications in drug discovery assays, interaction studies, and biologics production, which may benefit in the future from our novel approach.
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Correa A, Oppezzo P. Tuning different expression parameters to achieve soluble recombinant proteins in E. coli: advantages of high-throughput screening. Biotechnol J 2011; 6:715-30. [PMID: 21567962 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are the main reagents for structural, biomedical, and biotechnological studies; however, some important challenges remain concerning protein solubility and stability. Numerous strategies have been developed, with some success, to mitigate these challenges, but a universal strategy is still elusive. Currently, researchers face a plethora of alternatives for the expression of the target protein, which generates a great diversity of conditions to be evaluated. Among these, different promoter strength, diverse expression host and constructs, or special culture conditions have an important role in protein solubility. With the arrival of automated high-throughput screening (HTS) systems, the evaluation of hundreds of different conditions within reasonable cost and time limits is possible. This technology increases the chances to obtain the target protein in a pure, soluble, and stable state. This review focuses on some of the most commonly used strategies for the expression of recombinant proteins in the enterobacterium Escherichia coli, including the use of HTS for the production of soluble proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Correa
- Recombinant Protein Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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