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Hou S, Chen C, He H, Yang H, Li R, Bai J, Li S, Xie J. High purity of human secreted phospholipase A2 group IIE in Pichia pastoris using basal salts medium comparison with YPD medium. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:239-246. [PMID: 37578156 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2220043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Secreted phospholipase A2s (sPLA2s) are a group of enzymes with 6-8 disulfide bonds that participate in numerous physiological processes by catalyzing the hydrolysis of phospholipids at the sn-2 position. Due to their high content of disulfide bonds and hydrolytic activity toward cell membranes, obtaining the protein of sPLA2s in the soluble and active form is challenging, which hampers their functional study. In this study, one member of recombinant human sPLA2s, tag-free group IIE (GIIE), was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The protein GIIE was purified from the crude culture supernatant by a two-step chromatography procedure, a combination of cation exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. In the shake flask fermentation, Protein of GIIE with higher purity was successfully obtained, using basal salts medium (BSM) instead of YPD medium. In the large-scale fermentation, each liter of BSM produced a final yield of 1.2 mg pure protein GIIE. This protocol will facilitate further research of GIIE and provide references for the production of other sPLA2 members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Hou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huili He
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haishan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruining Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Junping Bai
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell Regeneration, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Hou S, Xu T, Xu J, Qu L, Xu Y, Chen L, Liu J. Structural basis for functional selectivity and ligand recognition revealed by crystal structures of human secreted phospholipase A 2 group IIE. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10815. [PMID: 28883454 PMCID: PMC5589937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted phospholipases A2s (sPLA2s) are involved in various pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Many inhibitors were developed and studied in clinical trials, but none have reached the market yet. This failure may be attributed to the lack of subtype selectivity for these inhibitors. Therefore, more structural information for subtype sPLA2 is needed to guide the selective inhibitor development. In this study, the crystal structure of human sPLA2 Group IIE (hGIIE), coupled with mutagenesis experiments, proved that the flexible second calcium binding site and residue Asn21 in hGIIE are essential to its enzymatic activity. Five inhibitor bound hGIIE complex structures revealed the key residues (Asn21 and Gly6) of hGIIE that are responsible for interacting with inhibitors, and illustrated the difference in the inhibitor binding pocket with other sPLA2s. This will facilitate the structure-based design of sPLA2's selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Linbing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Institute of Chemical Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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Gupta H, Badarudeen B, George A, Thomas GE, Gireesh KK, Manna TK. Human SAS-6 C-Terminus Nucleates and Promotes Microtubule Assembly in Vitro by Binding to Microtubules. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6413-22. [PMID: 26422590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Centrioles are essential components of the animal centrosome and play crucial roles in the formation of cilia and flagella. They are cylindrical structures composed of nine triplet microtubules organized around a central cartwheel. Recent studies have identified spindle assembly abnormal protein SAS-6 as a critical component necessary for formation of the cartwheel. However, the molecular details of how the cartwheel participates in centriolar microtubule assembly have not been clearly understood. In this report, we show that the C-terminal tail (residues 470-657) of human SAS-6, HsSAS-6 C, the region that has been shown to extend toward the centriolar wall where the microtubule triplets are organized, nucleated and induced microtubule polymerization in vitro. The N-terminus (residues 1-166) of HsSAS-6, the domain known to be involved in formation of the central hub of the cartwheel, did not, however, exert any effect on microtubule polymerization. HsSAS-6 C bound to the microtubules and localized along the lengths of the microtubules in vitro. Microtubule pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments with S-phase synchronized HeLa cell lysates showed that the endogenous HsSAS-6 coprecipitated with the microtubules, and it mediated interaction with tubulin. Isothermal calorimetry titration and size exclusion chromatography showed that HsSAS-6 C bound to the αβ-tubulin dimer in vitro. The results demonstrate that HsSAS-6 possesses an intrinsic microtubule assembly promoting activity and further implicate that its outer exposed C-terminal tail may play critical roles in microtubule assembly and stabilizing microtubule attachment with the centriolar cartwheel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hindol Gupta
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , CET Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695016, Kerala, India
| | - Binshad Badarudeen
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , CET Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695016, Kerala, India
| | - Athira George
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , CET Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695016, Kerala, India
| | - Geethu Emily Thomas
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , CET Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695016, Kerala, India
| | - K K Gireesh
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , CET Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695016, Kerala, India
| | - Tapas K Manna
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram , CET Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695016, Kerala, India
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Fry BG, Scheib H, Junqueira de Azevedo IDL, Silva DA, Casewell NR. Novel transcripts in the maxillary venom glands of advanced snakes. Toxicon 2012; 59:696-708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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