1
|
Li Q, Meng D, You C. An artificial multi-enzyme cascade biocatalysis for biomanufacturing of nicotinamide mononucleotide from starch and nicotinamide in one-pot. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 162:110122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
2
|
Li G, Wei X, Wu R, Zhou W, Li Y, Zhu Z, You C. Stoichiometric Conversion of Maltose for Biomanufacturing by In Vitro Synthetic Enzymatic Biosystems. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9806749. [PMID: 37850132 PMCID: PMC10521662 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9806749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Maltose is a natural α-(1,4)-linked disaccharide with wide applications in food industries and microbial fermentation. However, maltose has scarcely been used for in vitro biosynthesis, possibly because its phosphorylation by maltose phosphorylase (MP) yields β-glucose 1-phosphate (β-G1P) that cannot be utilized by α-phosphoglucomutase (α-PGM) commonly found in in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystems previously constructed by our group. Herein, we designed an in vitro synthetic enzymatic reaction module comprised of MP, β-phosphoglucomutase (β-PGM), and polyphosphate glucokinase (PPGK) for the stoichiometric conversion of each maltose molecule to two glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) molecules. Based on this synthetic module, we further constructed two in vitro synthetic biosystems to produce bioelectricity and fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP), respectively. The 14-enzyme biobattery achieved a Faraday efficiency of 96.4% and a maximal power density of 0.6 mW/cm2, whereas the 5-enzyme in vitro FDP-producing biosystem yielded 187.0 mM FDP from 50 g/L (139 mM) maltose by adopting a fed-batch substrate feeding strategy. Our study not only suggests new application scenarios for maltose but also provides novel strategies for the high-efficient production of bioelectricity and value-added biochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 1038 Dagu Nanlu, Hexi District, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xinlei Wei
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Ranran Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308China
| | - Chun You
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shi P, Wu R, Wang J, Ma C, Li Z, Zhu Z. Biomass sugar-powered enzymatic fuel cells based on a synthetic enzymatic pathway. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 144:108008. [PMID: 34902664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.108008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biomass stores a tremendous amount of chemical energy and is considered as an abundant and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the use of biomass to produce mW-level electricity for portable devices suffers from its structural complexity and therefore low energy conversion efficiency. In this study, we design an enzymatic pathway that could co-utilize and completely oxidize glucose and xylose from biomass hydrolysate to achieve high energy density in EFC. Faraday efficiency of 92% and maximum power density of 0.14 mW cm-2 are achieved in this EFC. After the systematically optimization of enzyme loading and temperature as well as the removal of enzyme inhibitor from biomass hydrolysate by activated charcoal, the biomass sugar-powered EFC could reach a maximum power density of 0.5 mW cm-2 and remain 60% of the initial value after 10 days. These results offer a feasible way to extract the energy stored in biomass as much as possible without the side effects of biomass hydrolysate on EFC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peikang Shi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ranran Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Chunling Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Zehua Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Study of ALDH from Thermus thermophilus-Expression, Purification and Characterisation of the Non-Substrate Specific, Thermophilic Enzyme Displaying Both Dehydrogenase and Esterase Activity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123535. [PMID: 34944041 PMCID: PMC8699947 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), found in all kingdoms of life, form a superfamily of enzymes that primarily catalyse the oxidation of aldehydes to form carboxylic acid products, while utilising the cofactor NAD(P)+. Some superfamily members can also act as esterases using p-nitrophenyl esters as substrates. The ALDHTt from Thermus thermophilus was recombinantly expressed in E. coli and purified to obtain high yields (approximately 15–20 mg/L) and purity utilising an efficient heat treatment step coupled with IMAC and gel filtration chromatography. The use of the heat treatment step proved critical, in its absence decreased yield of 40% was observed. Characterisation of the thermophilic ALDHTt led to optimum enzymatic working conditions of 50 °C, and a pH of 8. ALDHTt possesses dual enzymatic activity, with the ability to act as a dehydrogenase and an esterase. ALDHTt possesses broad substrate specificity, displaying activity for a range of aldehydes, most notably hexanal and the synthetic dialdehyde, terephthalaldehyde. Interestingly, para-substituted benzaldehydes could be processed efficiently, but ortho-substitution resulted in no catalytic activity. Similarly, ALDHTt displayed activity for two different esterase substrates, p-nitrophenyl acetate and p-nitrophenyl butyrate, but with activities of 22.9% and 8.9%, respectively, compared to the activity towards hexanal.
Collapse
|
5
|
Puzorjov A, Dunn KE, McCormick AJ. Production of thermostable phycocyanin in a mesophilic cyanobacterium. Metab Eng Commun 2021; 13:e00175. [PMID: 34168957 PMCID: PMC8209669 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2021.e00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycocyanin (PC) is a soluble phycobiliprotein found within the light-harvesting phycobilisome complex of cyanobacteria and red algae, and is considered a high-value product due to its brilliant blue colour and fluorescent properties. However, commercially available PC has a relatively low temperature stability. Thermophilic species produce more thermostable variants of PC, but are challenging and energetically expensive to cultivate. Here, we show that the PC operon from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 (cpcBACD) is functional in the mesophile Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Expression of cpcBACD in an 'Olive' mutant strain of Synechocystis lacking endogenous PC resulted in high yields of thermostable PC (112 ± 1 mg g-1 DW) comparable to that of endogenous PC in wild-type cells. Heterologous PC also improved the growth of the Olive mutant, which was further supported by evidence of a functional interaction with the endogenous allophycocyanin core of the phycobilisome complex. The thermostability properties of the heterologous PC were comparable to those of PC from T. elongatus, and could be purified from the Olive mutant using a low-cost heat treatment method. Finally, we developed a scalable model to calculate the energetic benefits of producing PC from T. elongatus in Synechocystis cultures. Our model showed that the higher yields and lower cultivation temperatures of Synechocystis resulted in a 3.5-fold increase in energy efficiency compared to T. elongatus, indicating that producing thermostable PC in non-native hosts is a cost-effective strategy for scaling to commercial production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Puzorjov
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Katherine E. Dunn
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Alistair J. McCormick
- SynthSys & Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang R, Xu X, Yao X, Tang H, Ju X, Li L. Enhanced isomerization of rare sugars by ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A from Ochrobactrum sp. CSL1. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 148:109789. [PMID: 34116752 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A (RpiA) is of great importance in biochemistry research, however its application in biotechnology has not been fully explored. In this study the activity of RpiA from Ochrobactrum sp. CSL1 (OsRpiA) towards D-allose was engineered based on sequential and structural analyses. Strategies of alanine scanning, rational design and saturated mutagenesis were employed to create three mutant libraries. A single mutant of K124A showed a 45 % activity improvement towards D-allose. The reaction properties of the mutant were analyzed, and a shift of optimal pH and higher thermal stability at low reaction temperatures were identified. The conversion of D-allose was also improved by 40 % using K124A, and higher activities on major substrates were found in the mutant's substrate scope, implying its application potential in rare sugar preparation. Kinetics analysis revealed that Km of K124A mutant decreased by 12 % and the catalytic efficiency increased by 65 % towards D-allose. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulation illustrated the binding of substrate and K124A was more stable than that of the wild-type. The shorter distance and more relax bond angle between the catalytic residue of K124A and D-allose explained the activity improvement in detail. This study highlights the potential of OsRpiA as a biocatalyst for rare sugar preparation, and provides distinct evidences for its catalytic mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Xinqi Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, College of Biosciences and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, PR China
| | - Xuemei Yao
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Hengtao Tang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China
| | - Xin Ju
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China.
| | - Liangzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang H, Ju X, Zhao J, Li L. Engineering ribose-5-phosphate isomerase B from a central carbon metabolic enzyme to a promising sugar biocatalyst. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:509-523. [PMID: 33394147 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase B (RpiB) was first identified in the pentose phosphate pathway responsible for the inter-conversion of ribose-5-phosphate and ribulose-5-phosphate. Though there are seldom key enzymes in central carbon metabolic system developed as useful biocatalysts, RpiB with the advantages of wide substrate scope and high stereoselectivity has become a potential biotechnological tool to fulfill the demand of rare sugars currently. In this review, the pivotal roles of RpiB in carbon metabolism are summarized, and their sequence identity and structural similarity are discussed. Substrate binding and catalytic mechanisms are illustrated to provide solid foundations for enzyme engineering. Interesting differences in origin, physiological function, structure, and catalytic mechanism between RpiB and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase A are introduced. Moreover, enzyme engineering efforts for rare sugar production are stressed, and prospects of future development are concluded briefly in the viewpoint of biocatalysis. Aided by the progresses of structural and computational biology, the application of RpiB will be promoted greatly in the preparation of valuable molecules. KEY POINTS: • Detailed illustration of RpiB's vital function in central carbon metabolism. • Potential of RpiB in sequence, substrate scope, and mechanism for application. • Enzyme engineering efforts to promote RpiB in the preparation of rare sugars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengtao Tang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99 Xuefu Rd., Huqiu district, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ju
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99 Xuefu Rd., Huqiu district, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No.99 Xuefu Rd., Huqiu district, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang F, Ji X, Chen M, Guo J, Deng X, Lin L. Rapid purification of bacteriophage endolysin TSPphg and its exogenous treatment could act as an alternative bacterial cell disruption method. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 148:54-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
9
|
Wu R, Ma C, Zhang YHP, Zhu Z. Complete Oxidation of Xylose for Bioelectricity Generation by Reconstructing a Bacterial Xylose Utilization Pathway in vitro. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201702018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 West 7 Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Chunling Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 West 7 Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Y.-H. Percival Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 West 7 Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 West 7 Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu Z, Ma C, Percival Zhang YH. Co-utilization of mixed sugars in an enzymatic fuel cell based on an in vitro enzymatic pathway. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
11
|
Zhu Z, Zhang YHP. In vitro metabolic engineering of bioelectricity generation by the complete oxidation of glucose. Metab Eng 2017; 39:110-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
12
|
|
13
|
Moustafa HMA, Kim EJ, Zhu Z, Wu CH, Zaghloul TI, Adams MWW, Zhang YHP. Water Splitting for High-Yield Hydrogen Production Energized by Biomass Xylooligosaccharides Catalyzed by an Enzyme Cocktail. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M. A. Moustafa
- Biological Systems Engineering Department; Virginia Tech; 304 Seitz Hall Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
- Biotechnology Department; Institute of Graduate Studies and Research; Alexandria University; 163 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Chatby Alexandria 21526 Egypt
| | - Eui-Jin Kim
- Biological Systems Engineering Department; Virginia Tech; 304 Seitz Hall Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Cell Free Bioinnovations, Inc.; 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222 Blacksburg Virginia 24060 USA
| | - Chang-Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Taha I. Zaghloul
- Biotechnology Department; Institute of Graduate Studies and Research; Alexandria University; 163 El-Horreya Avenue, El-Chatby Alexandria 21526 Egypt
| | - Michael W. W. Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia 30602 USA
| | - Y.-H. Percival Zhang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department; Virginia Tech; 304 Seitz Hall Blacksburg Virginia 24061 USA
- Cell Free Bioinnovations, Inc.; 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222 Blacksburg Virginia 24060 USA
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area Tianjin 300308 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou W, You C, Ma H, Ma Y, Zhang YHP. One-Pot Biosynthesis of High-Concentration α-Glucose 1-Phosphate from Starch by Sequential Addition of Three Hyperthermophilic Enzymes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1777-1783. [PMID: 26832825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
α-Glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) is synthesized from 5% (w/v) corn starch and 1 M phosphate mediated by α-glucan phosphorylase (αGP) from the thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima at pH 7.2 and 70 °C. To increase G1P yield from corn starch containing branched amylopectin, a hyper-thermostable isoamylase from Sulfolobus tokodaii was added for simultaneous starch gelatinization and starch-debranching hydrolysis at 85 °C and pH 5.5 before αGP use. The pretreatment of isoamylase increased G1P titer from 120 mM to 170 mM. To increase maltose and maltotriose utilization, the third thermostable enzyme, 4-glucanotransferase (4GT) from Thermococcus litoralis, was added during the late stage of G1P biotransformation, further increasing G1P titer to 200 mM. This titer is the highest G1P level obtained on starch or its derived products (maltodextrin and soluble starch). This study suggests that in vitro multienzyme biotransformation has an advantage of great engineering flexibility in terms of space and time compared with microbial fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Chun You
- Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc. , 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Hongwu Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Y-H Percival Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc. , 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech , 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Identification and Functional Characterization of a Fructooligosaccharides-Forming Enzyme from Aspergillus aculeatus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:497-513. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
16
|
Zhang YHP. Production of biofuels and biochemicals by in vitro synthetic biosystems: Opportunities and challenges. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1467-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
17
|
Myung S, Rollin J, You C, Sun F, Chandrayan S, Adams MW, Zhang YHP. In vitro metabolic engineering of hydrogen production at theoretical yield from sucrose. Metab Eng 2014; 24:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
18
|
Zhu Z, Kin Tam T, Sun F, You C, Percival Zhang YH. A high-energy-density sugar biobattery based on a synthetic enzymatic pathway. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3026. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
19
|
Novel Hydrogen Bioreactor and Detection Apparatus. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 152:35-51. [PMID: 25022362 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In vitro hydrogen generation represents a clear opportunity for novel bioreactor and system design. Hydrogen, already a globally important commodity chemical, has the potential to become the dominant transportation fuel of the future. Technologies such as in vitro synthetic pathway biotransformation (SyPaB)-the use of more than 10 purified enzymes to catalyze unnatural catabolic pathways-enable the storage of hydrogen in the form of carbohydrates. Biohydrogen production from local carbohydrate resources offers a solution to the most pressing challenges to vehicular and bioenergy uses: small-size distributed production, minimization of CO2 emissions, and potential low cost, driven by high yield and volumetric productivity. In this study, we introduce a novel bioreactor that provides the oxygen-free gas phase necessary for enzymatic hydrogen generation while regulating temperature and reactor volume. A variety of techniques are currently used for laboratory detection of biohydrogen, but the most information is provided by a continuous low-cost hydrogen sensor. Most such systems currently use electrolysis for calibration; here an alternative method, flow calibration, is introduced. This system is further demonstrated here with the conversion of glucose to hydrogen at a high rate, and the production of hydrogen from glucose 6-phosphate at a greatly increased reaction rate, 157 mmol/L/h at 60 °C.
Collapse
|
20
|
Martín del Campo JS, Chun Y, Kim JE, Patiño R, Zhang YHP. Discovery and characterization of a novel ATP/polyphosphate xylulokinase from a hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 40:661-9. [PMID: 23584458 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-013-1265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Xylulokinase (XK, E.C. 2.7.1.17) is one of the key enzymes in xylose metabolism and it is essential for the activation of pentoses for the sustainable production of biocommodities from biomass sugars. The open reading frame (TM0116) from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima MSB8 encoding a putative xylulokinase were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 Star (DE3) in the Luria-Bertani and auto-inducing high-cell-density media. The basic biochemical properties of this thermophilic XK were characterized. This XK has the optimal temperature of 85 °C. Under a suboptimal condition of 60 °C, the k cat was 83 s⁻¹, and the K(m) values for xylulose and ATP were 1.24 and 0.71 mM, respectively. We hypothesized that this XK could work on polyphosphate possibly because this ancestral thermophilic microorganism utilizes polyphosphate to regulate the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and its substrate-binding residues are somewhat similar to those of other ATP/polyphosphate-dependent kinases. This XK was found to work on low-cost polyphosphate, exhibiting 41 % of its specific activity on ATP. This first ATP/polyphosphate XK could have a great potential for xylose utilization in thermophilic ethanol-producing microorganisms and cell-free biosystems for low-cost biomanufacturing without the use of ATP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Martín del Campo
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Myung S, Zhang YHP. Non-complexed four cascade enzyme mixture: simple purification and synergetic co-stabilization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61500. [PMID: 23585905 PMCID: PMC3621832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free biosystems comprised of synthetic enzymatic pathways would be a promising biomanufacturing platform due to several advantages, such as high product yield, fast reaction rate, easy control and access, and so on. However, it was essential to produce (purified) enzymes at low costs and stabilize them for a long time so to decrease biocatalyst costs. We studied the stability of the four recombinant enzyme mixtures, all of which originated from thermophilic microorganisms: triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) from Thermus thermophiles, fructose bisphosphate aldolase (ALD) from Thermotoga maritima, fructose bisphosphatase (FBP) from T. maritima, and phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) from Clostridium thermocellum. It was found that TIM and ALD were very stable at evaluated temperature so that they were purified by heat precipitation followed by gradient ammonia sulfate precipitation. In contrast, PGI was not stable enough for heat treatment. In addition, the stability of a low concentration PGI was enhanced by more than 25 times in the presence of 20 mg/L bovine serum albumin or the other three enzymes. At a practical enzyme loading of 1000 U/L for each enzyme, the half-life time of free PGI was prolong to 433 h in the presence of the other three enzymes, resulting in a great increase in the total turn-over number of PGI to 6.2×109 mole of product per mole of enzyme. This study clearly suggested that the presence of other proteins had a strong synergetic effect on the stabilization of the thermolabile enzyme PGI due to in vitro macromolecular crowding effect. Also, this result could be used to explain why not all enzymes isolated from thermophilic microorganisms are stable in vitro because of a lack of the macromolecular crowding environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suwan Myung
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Y-H Percival Zhang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Gate Fuels Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cell-free Biosystems in the Production of Electricity and Bioenergy. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 137:125-52. [PMID: 23748347 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
: Increasing needs of green energy and concerns of climate change are motivating intensive R&D efforts toward the low-cost production of electricity and bioenergy, such as hydrogen, alcohols, and jet fuel, from renewable sugars. Cell-free biosystems for biomanufacturing (CFB2) have been suggested as an emerging platform to replace mainstream microbial fermentation for the cost-effective production of some biocommodities. As compared to whole-cell factories, cell-free biosystems comprised of synthetic enzymatic pathways have numerous advantages, such as high product yield, fast reaction rate, broad reaction condition, easy process control and regulation, tolerance of toxic compound/product, and an unmatched capability of performing unnatural reactions. However, issues pertaining to high costs and low stabilities of enzymes and cofactors as well as compromised optimal conditions for different source enzymes need to be solved before cell-free biosystems are scaled up for biomanufacturing. Here, we review the current status of cell-free technology, update recent advances, and focus on its applications in the production of electricity and bioenergy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhu Z, Sun F, Zhang X, Zhang YHP. Deep oxidation of glucose in enzymatic fuel cells through a synthetic enzymatic pathway containing a cascade of two thermostable dehydrogenases. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 36:110-5. [PMID: 22521942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic enzymatic pathway was designed for the deep oxidation of glucose in enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs). Polyphosphate glucokinase converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate using low-cost, stable polyphosphate rather than costly ATP. Two NAD-dependent dehydrogenases (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) that were immobilized on the bioanode were responsible for generating two NADH per glucose-6-phosphate (i.e., four electrons were generated per glucose via a diaphorase-vitamin K(3) electron shuttle system at the anode). Additionally, to prolong the enzyme lifetime and increase the power output, all of the recombinant enzymes that originated from thermophiles were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. The maximum power density of the EFC with two dehydrogenases was 0.0203 mW cm(-2) in 10 mM glucose at room temperature, which was 32% higher than that of an EFC with one dehydrogenase, suggesting that the deep oxidation of glucose had occurred. When the temperature was increased to 50°C, the maximum power density increased to 0.322 mW cm(-2), which was approximately eight times higher than that based on mesophilic enzymes at the same temperature. Our results suggest that the deep oxidation of glucose could be achieved by using multiple dehydrogenases in synthetic cascade pathways and that high power output could be achieved by using thermostable enzymes at elevated temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Zhu
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
You C, Zhang YHP. Cell-free biosystems for biomanufacturing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 131:89-119. [PMID: 23111502 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although cell-free biosystems have been used as a tool for investigating fundamental aspects of biological systems for more than 100 years, they are becoming an emerging biomanufacturing platform in the production of low-value biocommodities (e.g., H(2), ethanol, and isobutanol), fine chemicals, and high-value protein and carbohydrate drugs and their precursors. Here we would like to define the cell-free biosystems containing more than three catalytic components in a single reaction vessel, which although different from one-, two-, or three-enzyme biocatalysis can be regarded as a straightforward extension of multienzymatic biocatalysis. In this chapter, we compare the advantages and disadvantages of cell-free biosystems versus living organisms, briefly review the history of cell-free biosystems, highlight a few examples, analyze any remaining obstacles to the scale-up of cell-free biosystems, and suggest potential solutions. Cell-free biosystems could become a disruptive technology to microbial fermentation, especially in the production of high-impact low-value biocommodities mainly due to the very high product yields and potentially low production costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun You
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|