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Salatto CT, Miller RA, Cameron KO, Cokorinos E, Reyes A, Ward J, Calabrese MF, Kurumbail RG, Rajamohan F, Kalgutkar AS, Tess DA, Shavnya A, Genung NE, Edmonds DJ, Jatkar A, Maciejewski BS, Amaro M, Gandhok H, Monetti M, Cialdea K, Bollinger E, Kreeger JM, Coskran TM, Opsahl AC, Boucher GG, Birnbaum MJ, DaSilva-Jardine P, Rolph T. Selective Activation of AMPK β1-Containing Isoforms Improves Kidney Function in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:303-311. [PMID: 28289077 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy remains an area of high unmet medical need, with current therapies that slow down, but do not prevent, the progression of disease. A reduced phosphorylation state of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been correlated with diminished kidney function in both humans and animal models of renal disease. Here, we describe the identification of novel, potent, small molecule activators of AMPK that selectively activate AMPK heterotrimers containing the β1 subunit. After confirming that human and rodent kidney predominately express AMPK β1, we explore the effects of pharmacological activation of AMPK in the ZSF1 rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Chronic administration of these direct activators elevates the phosphorylation of AMPK in the kidney, without impacting blood glucose levels, and reduces the progression of proteinuria to a greater degree than the current standard of care, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril. Further analyses of urine biomarkers and kidney tissue gene expression reveal AMPK activation leads to the modulation of multiple pathways implicated in kidney injury, including cellular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. These results support the need for further investigation into the potential beneficial effects of AMPK activation in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Salatto
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Russell A Miller
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Kimberly O Cameron
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Emily Cokorinos
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Allan Reyes
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Jessica Ward
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Matthew F Calabrese
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Ravi G Kurumbail
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Francis Rajamohan
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - David A Tess
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Andre Shavnya
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Nathan E Genung
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - David J Edmonds
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Aditi Jatkar
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin S Maciejewski
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Marina Amaro
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Harmeet Gandhok
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Mara Monetti
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Katherine Cialdea
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Eliza Bollinger
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - John M Kreeger
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Timothy M Coskran
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Alan C Opsahl
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Germaine G Boucher
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Morris J Birnbaum
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Paul DaSilva-Jardine
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Tim Rolph
- CVMET Research Unit (C.T.S., R.A.M., E.C., A.R., J.W., A.J., B.S.M., M.A., H.G., M.M., K.C., E.B., M.J.B., P.D.-J., T.R.), Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (K.O.C., D.J.E.), and Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism (A.S.K., D.A.T.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry (M.C., R.K., F.R., A.S., N.E.G.), and Drug Safety Research and Development (J.M.K., T.M.C., A.C.O., G.G.B.), Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut
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