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Wang Y, Kim M, Buckley C, Maynard HD, Langley RJ, Perry JK. Growth hormone receptor agonists and antagonists: From protein expression and purification to long-acting formulations. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4727. [PMID: 37428391 PMCID: PMC10443362 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) and GH receptor antagonists (GHAs) are used clinically to treat a range of disorders associated with GH deficiency or hypersecretion, respectively. However, these biotherapeutics can be difficult and expensive to manufacture with multiple challenges from recombinant protein generation through to the development of long-acting formulations required to improve the circulating half-life of the drug. In this review, we summarize methodologies and approaches used for making and purifying recombinant GH and GHA proteins, and strategies to improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, including PEGylation and fusion proteins. Therapeutics that are in clinical use or are currently under development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Minah Kim
- Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Chantal Buckley
- Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Heather D. Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ries J. Langley
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and PathologyUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Jo K. Perry
- Liggins Institute, University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryAucklandNew Zealand
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2
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Mohanty S, Dabburu GR, Kumar M, Khasa YP. Heterologous expression of novel SUMO proteases from Schizosaccharomyces pombe in E. coli: Catalytic domain identification and optimization of product yields. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1001-1019. [PMID: 35447271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins are efficiently used to target the soluble expression of various difficult-to-express proteins in E. coli. However, its utilization in large scale protein production is restricted by the higher cost of Ulp, which is required to cleave SUMO fusion tag from protein-of-interest to generate an authentic N-terminus. This study identified and characterized two novel SUMO proteases i.e., Ulp1 and Ulp2 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Codon-optimized gene sequences were cloned and expressed in E. coli. The sequence and structure of SpUlp1 and SpUlp2 catalytic domains were deduced using bioinformatics tools. Protein-protein interaction studies predicted the higher affinity of SpUlp1 towards SUMO compared to its counterpart from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScUlp1). The catalytic domain of SpUlp1 was purified using Ni-NTA chromatography with 83.33% recovery yield. Moreover, In vitro activity data further confirmed the fast-acting nature of SpUlp1 catalytic domain, where a 90% cleavage of fusion proteins was obtained within 1 h of incubation, indicating novelty and commercial relevance of S. pombe Ulp1. Biophysical characterization showed 8.8% α-helices, 36.7% β-sheets in SpUlp1SD. From thermal CD and fluorescence data, SpUlp1SD Tm was found to be 45 °C. Further, bioprocess optimization using fed-batch cultivation resulted in 3.5 g/L of SpUlp1SD production with YP/X of 77.26 mg/g DCW and volumetric productivity of 205.88 mg/L/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Govinda Rao Dabburu
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Yogender Pal Khasa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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3
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Singhvi P, Panda AK. Solubilization and Refolding of Inclusion Body Proteins. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2406:371-387. [PMID: 35089569 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1859-2_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Expression of heterologous proteins in E. coli often leads to the formation of protein aggregates known as inclusion bodies (IBs). Inclusion body aggregates pose a major hurdle in the recovery of bioactive proteins from E. coli. Usage of strong denaturing buffers for solubilization of bacterial IBs results in poor recovery of bioactive protein. Structure-function understanding of IBs in the last two decades have led to the development of several mild solubilization buffers, which improve the recovery of bioactive from IBs. Recently, combinatorial mild solubilization methods have paved the way for solubilization of wide range of inclusion bodies with appreciable refolding yield. Here, we describe a simple protocol for solubilization and refolding of an inclusion body protein with appreciable recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Singhvi
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amulya K Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
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4
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Singhvi P, Saneja A, Ahuja R, Panda AK. Solubilization and refolding of variety of inclusion body proteins using a novel formulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:2352-2364. [PMID: 34798190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Formation of protein aggregates as inclusion bodies (IBs) still poses a major hurdle in the recovery of bioactive proteins from E. coli. Despite the development of many mild solubilization buffers in last two decades, high-throughput recovery of functional protein from wide range of IBs is still a challenge at an academic and industrial scale. Herein, a novel formulation for improved recovery of bioactive protein from variety of bacterial IBs is developed. This novel formulation is comprised of 20% trifluoroethanol, 20% n-propanol and 2 M urea at pH 12.5 which disrupts the major dominant forces involved in protein aggregation. An extensive comparative study of novel formulation conducted on different IBs demonstrates its high solubilization and refolding efficiency. The overall yield of bioactive protein from human growth hormone expressed as bacterial IBs is reported to be around 50%. This is attributed to the capability of novel formulation to disrupt the tertiary structure of the protein while protecting the secondary structure of the protein, thereby reducing the formation of soluble aggregates during refolding. Thus, the formulation can eliminate the need of screening and optimizing various solubilization formulation and will improve the efficiency of recovering bioactive protein from variety of IB aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Singhvi
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Ahuja
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Amulya K Panda
- Product Development Cell, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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Liu H, Cao Y, Guo J, Xu X, Long Q, Song L, Xian M. Study on the isoprene-producing co-culture system of Synechococcus elongates-Escherichia coli through omics analysis. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:6. [PMID: 33413404 PMCID: PMC7791884 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of microbial fermentations are currently performed in the batch or fed-batch manner with the high process complexity and huge water consumption. The continuous microbial production can contribute to the green sustainable development of the fermentation industry. The co-culture systems of photo-autotrophic and heterotrophic species can play important roles in establishing the continuous fermentation mode for the bio-based chemicals production. RESULTS In the present paper, the co-culture system of Synechococcus elongates-Escherichia coli was established and put into operation stably for isoprene production. Compared with the axenic culture, the fermentation period of time was extended from 100 to 400 h in the co-culture and the isoprene production was increased to eightfold. For in depth understanding this novel system, the differential omics profiles were analyzed. The responses of BL21(DE3) to S. elongatus PCC 7942 were triggered by the oxidative pressure through the Fenton reaction and all these changes were linked with one another at different spatial and temporal scales. The oxidative stress mitigation pathways might contribute to the long-lasting fermentation process. The performance of this co-culture system can be further improved according to the fundamental rules discovered by the omics analysis. CONCLUSIONS The isoprene-producing co-culture system of S. elongates-E. coli was established and then analyzed by the omics methods. This study on the co-culture system of the model S. elongates-E. coli is of significance to reveal the common interactions between photo-autotrophic and heterotrophic species without natural symbiotic relation, which could provide the scientific basis for rational design of microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yujin Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Qi Long
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Lili Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Yuan X, Lin Y, Qin J, Zhang Y, Yang G, Cai R, Liao Z, Sun C, Li W. Molecular identification, tissue distribution and in vitro functional analysis of growth hormone and its receptors in red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 250:110488. [PMID: 32781031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) is one of the high economic value grouper species, however, the knowledge regarding its growth is limited. In this study, full-length cDNAs of growth hormone (gh) and its receptors (ghr1 and ghr2) were cloned from the pituitary and liver of red-spotted grouper, respectively. Tissue distribution analysis showed that gh mRNA was predominantly expressed in the pituitary. ghr1 mRNA was highly expressed in the liver, muscle, fat and gonad, while ghr2 mRNA expression was ubiquitously high in the peripheral tissues. However, the mRNA expression of both ghr isoforms was relatively low in the central nervous system. Secretory recombinant grouper GH (rgGH) was expressed in yeast Pichia pastoris and verified. HEK293T cells transiently transfected with the GHR isoforms were used to elucidate the receptor-mediated signaling pathways related to growth regulation. rgGH activated rapid phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 through GHR1, but only STAT5 was phosphorylated via GHR2. rgGH strongly activated STAT5 phosphorylation and significantly stimulated ghr1, ghr2 and insulin-like growth factor (igf1, igf2) mRNA expression in primary cultured hepatocytes. Data showed that the recombinant protein rgGH played effects on igf1/2 mRNA expression via GHR-mediated signaling pathways. Our findings provide essential information about GH and GHRs characteristics in red-spotted grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingkai Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yazhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Guokun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ruijian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zongzhen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Caiyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Bacterial Inclusion Bodies: A Treasure Trove of Bioactive Proteins. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:474-486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Tseng CC, Murni L, Han TW, Arfiati D, Shih HT, Hu SY. Molecular Characterization and Heterologous Production of the Bacteriocin Peocin, a DNA Starvation/Stationary Phase Protection Protein, from Paenibacillus ehimensis NPUST1. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132516. [PMID: 31324069 PMCID: PMC6650805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of a bacteriocin-like substance with antimicrobial activity, named peocin, by the probiotic Paenibacillus ehimensis NPUST1 was previously reported by our laboratory. The present study aimed to identify peocin and increase the peocin yield by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Peocin was identified as a DNA starvation/stationary phase protection protein, also called DNA-binding protein from starved cells (Dps), by gel overlay and LC-MS/MS analysis. For mass production of peocin, fed-batch cultivation of E. coli was performed using a pH-stat control system. Purification by simple nickel affinity chromatography and dialysis yielded 45.3 mg of purified peocin from a 20-mL fed-batch culture (49.3% recovery). The biological activity of the purified peocin was confirmed by determination of the MIC and MBC against diverse pathogens. Purified peocin exhibited antimicrobial activity against aquatic, food spoilage, clinical and antibiotic-resistant pathogens. In an in vivo challenge test, zebrafish treated with purified peocin exhibited significantly increased survival rates after A. hydrophila challenge. The present study is the first to show the antimicrobial activity of Dps and provides an efficient strategy for production of bioactive peocin, which will aid the development of peocin as a novel antimicrobial agent with potential applications in diverse industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chih Tseng
- Department of Dentistry, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81357, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Lini Murni
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Tai-Wei Han
- Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Diana Arfiati
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Hui-Tsu Shih
- Department of Clinical pharmacy, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81357, Taiwan.
| | - Shao-Yang Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
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Joachim M, Schäfer JG, Gerlach D, Czermak P. High cell density cultivation of Δgor/ΔtrxB E. coli in a chemically defined minimal medium with an enhanced iron concentration. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Ocłoń E, Solomon G, Hayouka Z, Gertler A. Preparation of biologically active monomeric recombinant zebrafish (Danio rerio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) recombinant growth hormones. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:1215-1222. [PMID: 29777415 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fish growth hormones (GHs) play an important role in regulating growth, metabolism, reproduction, osmoregulation, and immunity and have thus garnered attention for their application in aquaculture. Zebrafish GH (zGH) cDNA or rainbow trout GH (rtGH) cDNA was cloned into the pMon3401 vector, expressed in MON105-competent Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Their biological activity was evidenced by their ability to interact with ovine GH receptor extracellular domain and stimulate GH receptor-mediated proliferation in FDC-P1-3B9 cells stably transfected with rabbit GH receptor. The relative affinity of zGH and rtGH, estimated by IC50, was about 38-fold and 512-fold lower, respectively, than ovine GH. This is likely the reason for the low biological activity in cells with rabbit GH receptor, ~ 36-fold lower for zGH and ~ 107-fold lower for rtGH than for human GH. This was not due to improper refolding, as evidenced by circular dichroism analysis. Predicting the activity of fish GHs is problematic as there is no one single optimal in vitro bioassay; heterologous assays may be ambiguous, and only homologous assays are suitable for measuring activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Ocłoń
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, The University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gili Solomon
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Zvi Hayouka
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Arieh Gertler
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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Gąciarz A, Khatri NK, Velez-Suberbie ML, Saaranen MJ, Uchida Y, Keshavarz-Moore E, Ruddock LW. Efficient soluble expression of disulfide bonded proteins in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli in fed-batch fermentations on chemically defined minimal media. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:108. [PMID: 28619018 PMCID: PMC5471842 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0721-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of recombinant proteins containing disulfide bonds in Escherichia coli is challenging. In most cases the protein of interest needs to be either targeted to the oxidizing periplasm or expressed in the cytoplasm in the form of inclusion bodies, then solubilized and re-folded in vitro. Both of these approaches have limitations. Previously we showed that soluble expression of disulfide bonded proteins in the cytoplasm of E. coli is possible at shake flask scale with a system, known as CyDisCo, which is based on co-expression of a protein of interest along with a sulfhydryl oxidase and a disulfide bond isomerase. With CyDisCo it is possible to produce disulfide bonded proteins in the presence of intact reducing pathways in the cytoplasm. RESULTS Here we scaled up production of four disulfide bonded proteins to stirred tank bioreactors and achieved high cell densities and protein yields in glucose fed-batch fermentations, using an E. coli strain (BW25113) with the cytoplasmic reducing pathways intact. Even without process optimization production of purified human single chain IgA1 antibody fragment reached 139 mg/L and hen avidin 71 mg/L, while purified yields of human growth hormone 1 and interleukin 6 were around 1 g/L. Preliminary results show that human growth hormone 1 was also efficiently produced in fermentations of W3110 strain and when glucose was replaced with glycerol as the carbon source. CONCLUSIONS Our results show for the first time that efficient production of high yields of soluble disulfide bonded proteins in the cytoplasm of E. coli with the reducing pathways intact is feasible to scale-up to bioreactor cultivations on chemically defined minimal media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gąciarz
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Narendar Kumar Khatri
- The Department of Process and Environment Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - M. Lourdes Velez-Suberbie
- The Advanced Center for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Mirva J. Saaranen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Yuko Uchida
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Eli Keshavarz-Moore
- The Advanced Center for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Lloyd W. Ruddock
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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12
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A single amino acid mutation affects elicitor and expansins-like activities of cerato-platanin, a non-catalytic fungal protein. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178337. [PMID: 28542638 PMCID: PMC5444802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerato-platanin (CP) is a non-catalytic, cysteine-rich protein, the first member of the cerato-platanin family. It is a single-domain protein with a double Ψ/β barrel domain resembling the D1 domain of plant and bacterial expansins. Similarly to expansins, CP shows a cell wall-loosening activity on cellulose and can be defined as an expanisin-like protein, in spite of the missing D2 domain, normally present in plant expansins. The weakening activity shown on cellulose may facilitate the CP-host interaction, corroborating the role of CP in eliciting plant defence response. Indeed, CP is an elicitor of primary defences acting as a Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP). So far, structure-function relationship study has been mainly performed on the bacterial BsEXLX1 expansin, probably due to difficulties in expressing plant expansins in heterologous systems. Here, we report a subcloning and purification method of CP in the engineered E. coli SHuffle cells, which proved to be suitable to obtain the properly folded and biologically active protein. The method also enabled the production of the mutant D77A, rationally designed to be inactive. The wild-type and the mutated CP were characterized for cellulose weakening activity and for PAMP activity (i.e. induction of Reactive Oxygen Species synthesis and phytoalexins production). Our analysis reveals that the carboxyl group of D77 is crucial for expansin-like and PAMP activities, thus permitting to establish a correlation between the ability to weaken cellulose and the capacity to induce defence responses in plants. Our results enable the structural and functional characterization of a mono-domain eukaryotic expansin and identify the essential role of a specific aspartic residue in cellulose weakening.
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13
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Hadj Sassi A, Trigui-Lahiani H, Abdeljalil S, Gargouri A. Enhancement of solubility, purification and inclusion-bodies-refolding of an active pectin lyase from Penicillium occitanis expressed in Escherichia coli. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 95:256-262. [PMID: 27845226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pectin lyase (pnl) is the only pectinase able to hydrolyze directly the highly methylated pectin without liberating the toxic methanol and without disturbing ester content responsible for specific aroma of juices. The cDNA of Penicillium occitanis pnl (mature form) was cloned into pET-21a as expression vector and over-expressed into Esherichia coli. Most of recombinant pnl was expressed as inclusion bodies. Pnl activity was confirmed by colorimetric assay. To enhance the solubility yield of the expressed pnl, the effects of induction temperature, host strain and expression level were optimized. Maximal production of functional pnl was obtained after induction by 0.4mM IPTG at 30°C and 150rpm for 16h. Interestingly, the use of Origami host strain, having an oxidized cytoplasm favoring disulfide bonds formation required for the active conformation of the enzyme, has significantly improved the yield of the soluble active form of recombinant pnl. This pnl was successfully purified through a single step purification using His-Trap affinity column chromatography. This work is the first to report pnl expression into Origami strain. Alternatively, the inclusion bodies were isolated, denatured by high concentration of urea and gradually refolded by successive dialysis, leading to their transformation into soluble and active form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Hadj Sassi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Moléculaire des Eucaryotes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, PB1177, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hèla Trigui-Lahiani
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Moléculaire des Eucaryotes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, PB1177, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Salma Abdeljalil
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Moléculaire des Eucaryotes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, PB1177, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Moléculaire des Eucaryotes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, PB1177, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
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