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DEMİR N, DALGIÇ S, KAPLAN A. Investigation of Some Bioactivities and Odor Components of Jasminum officinale Linn. (Oleaceae): A Valuable Tool for Cosmetic Product Design. COMMAGENE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.31594/commagene.1203263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, researches were carried out on the protease enzyme activity of Jasminum officinale Linn. flower which grows naturally in Muğla and its surroundings. In addition, fragrance components in the content of jasmine flower were determined. It was aimed to be used in perfume making based on the harmony of white jasmine flower with other flowers and the concept of note. Protease enzyme was purified from J. officinale flower using TPP (Three Phase Partitioning) method. Optimal pH and optimal temperature for the enzyme, Km and Vmax values for casein, azokazaein, gelatin, hemoglobin, and azoalbumin substrates were determined. SDS-PAGE was used to check the purity of the protease enzyme purified from the J. officinale. The molecular weight of the enzyme was calculated as 21.386 kDa using gel filtration chromatography. The phenolic content was also determined. It has been determined that the content of jasmine flower can be used in perfume design which is the most prestigious product of the cosmetic industry.
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Figueiredo L, Santos RB, Figueiredo A. Defense and Offense Strategies: The Role of Aspartic Proteases in Plant-Pathogen Interactions. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:75. [PMID: 33494266 PMCID: PMC7909840 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant aspartic proteases (APs; E.C.3.4.23) are a group of proteolytic enzymes widely distributed among different species characterized by the conserved sequence Asp-Gly-Thr at the active site. With a broad spectrum of biological roles, plant APs are suggested to undergo functional specialization and to be crucial in developmental processes, such as in both biotic and abiotic stress responses. Over the last decade, an increasing number of publications highlighted the APs' involvement in plant defense responses against a diversity of stresses. In contrast, few studies regarding pathogen-secreted APs and AP inhibitors have been published so far. In this review, we provide a comprehensive picture of aspartic proteases from plant and pathogenic origins, focusing on their relevance and participation in defense and offense strategies in plant-pathogen interactions.
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Wang X, Yan X, Li S, Jing Y, Gu L, Zou S, Zhang J, Liu B. Genome-wide identification, evolution and expression analysis of the aspartic protease gene family during rapid growth of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) shoots. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:45. [PMID: 33423665 PMCID: PMC7798191 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspartic proteases (APs) are a class of aspartic peptidases belonging to nine proteolytic enzyme families whose members are widely distributed in biological organisms. APs play essential functions during plant development and environmental adaptation. However, there are few reports about APs in fast-growing moso bamboo. RESULT In this study, we identified a total of 129 AP proteins (PhAPs) encoded by the moso bamboo genome. Phylogenetic and gene structure analyses showed that these 129 PhAPs could be divided into three categories (categories A, B and C). The PhAP gene family in moso bamboo may have undergone gene expansion, especially the members of categories A and B, although homologs of some members in category C have been lost. The chromosomal location of PhAPs suggested that segmental and tandem duplication events were critical for PhAP gene expansion. Promoter analysis revealed that PhAPs in moso bamboo may be involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress. Furthermore, PhAPs showed tissue-specific expression patterns and may play important roles in rapid growth, including programmed cell death, cell division and elongation, by integrating environmental signals such as light and gibberellin signals. CONCLUSION Comprehensive analysis of the AP gene family in moso bamboo suggests that PhAPs have experienced gene expansion that is distinct from that in rice and may play an important role in moso bamboo organ development and rapid growth. Our results provide a direction and lay a foundation for further analysis of plant AP genes to clarify their function during rapid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaqin Wang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation & Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Yan
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation & Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shubin Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yun Jing
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lianfeng Gu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shuangquan Zou
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation & Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, 311300, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Bobin Liu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Fujian Colleges and Universities Engineering Research Institute of Conservation & Utilization of Natural Bioresources, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Biochemical and thermodynamic characteristics of a new serine protease from Mucor subtilissimus URM 4133. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00552. [PMID: 33294402 PMCID: PMC7683317 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A protease from the fungus Mucor subtilissimus URM 4133, capable of producing bioactive peptides from goat casein, was purified. SDS-PAGE and zymography showed a molecular mass of 30 kDa. The enzyme was active and stable in a wide pH range (6.0–10.5) and (5.0–10.5), respectively. Optimum temperature was at 45–50 °C and stability was above 80 % (40 °C/2 h). Activity was not influenced by ions or organic substances (Triton, Tween, SDS and DMSO), but was completely inhibited by PMSF, suggesting that it belongs to the serine protease family. The Km and Vmax were 2.35 mg azocasein.mL-1 and 333.33 U.mg protein-1, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters of irreversible denaturation (40–60 °C) were enthalpy 123.63 – 123.46 kJ.mol-1, entropy 120.24–122.28 kJ.mol-1 and Gibbs free energy 85.97 – 82.45 kJ.mol-1. Any peptide sequences compatible with this protease were found after analysis by MALDI-TOF, which suggests that it is a new serine protease.
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Kangwa M, Salgado JAG, Fernandez-Lahore HM. Identification and characterization of N-glycosylation site on a Mucor circinelloides aspartic protease expressed in Pichia pastoris: effect on secretion, activity and thermo-stability. AMB Express 2018; 8:157. [PMID: 30276572 PMCID: PMC6167268 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylotrophic yeasts have widely been used as model organisms for understanding cellular functions and biochemical activities in lower eukaryotes. The gene encoding an aspartic protease (MCAP) from Mucor circinelloides DSM 2183 was cloned and expressed into Pichia pastoris using both the native M. circinelloides signal peptide (mcSP) and α-factor secretion signal from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (α-MF). When expressed in P. pastoris using α-MF and mcSP, MCAP was secreted into the culture medium at a concentration 200 mg L-1 (410 MCU mL-1) and 110 mg L-1 (249 MCU mL-1), respectively. The SDS-PAGE analysis of each culture shows that the protein was secreted in the media in two forms with molecular weights of approximately 33 and 37 kDa. Upon digestion using endoglycosidase H (Endo H), only one band at 33 kDa was observed, indicating that the protein might be glycosylated. One putative N-glycosylation site was found and a site-directed mutagenesis at position Asn331-Gln of the sequence produce only one form of the protein of 33 kDa, similar to that obtained when digested with Endo H. The optimum temperature and pH activity of the expressed MCAP was found to be at 60 °C and 3.6, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kangwa
- Downstream Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Jose Antonio Gama Salgado
- Downstream Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Hector Marcelo Fernandez-Lahore
- Downstream Bioprocessing Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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Theron LW, Bely M, Divol B. Monitoring the impact of an aspartic protease (MpAPr1) on grape proteins and wine properties. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5173-5183. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Omrane Benmrad M, Moujehed E, Ben Elhoul M, Zaraî Jaouadi N, Mechri S, Rekik H, Kourdali S, El Hattab M, Badis A, Sayadi S, Bejar S, Jaouadi B. A novel organic solvent- and detergent-stable serine alkaline protease from Trametes cingulata strain CTM10101. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:961-72. [PMID: 27296442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A protease-producing fungus was isolated from an alkaline wastewater of chemical industries and identified as Trametes cingulata strain CTM10101 on the basis of the ITS rDNA gene-sequencing. It was observed that the fungus strongly produce extracellular protease grown at 30°C in potato-dextrose-broth (PDB) optimized media (13500U/ml). The pure serine protease isolated by Trametes cingulata (designated SPTC) was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation-dialysis followed by heat-treatment and UNO S-1 FPLC cation-exchange chromatography. The chemical characterization carried on include phisico-chemical determination and spectroscopie analysis. The MALDI-TOF/MS analysis revealed that the purified enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass of 31405.16-Da. The enzyme had an NH2-terminal sequence of ALTTQTEAPWALGTVSHKGQAST, thus sharing high homology with those of fungal-proteases. The optimum pH and temperature values of its proteolytic activity were pH 9 and 60°C, respectively, and its half-life times at 60 and 70°C were 9 and 5-h, respectively. It was completely inhibited by PMSF and DFP, which strongly suggested its belonging to the serine protease family. Compared to Flavourzyme(®)500L from Aspergillus oryzae and Thermolysin typeX from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, SPTC displayed higher levels of hydrolysis, substrate specificity, and catalytic efficiency as well as elevated organic solvent tolerance and considerable detergent stability. Finally, SPTC could potentially be used in peptide synthesis and detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Omrane Benmrad
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Emna Moujehed
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Elhoul
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Zaraî Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Mechri
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Rekik
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Sidali Kourdali
- National Centre for Research and Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CNRDPA) 11, Bd Amirouche PO Box 67, BouIsmaïl, 42415 Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Mohamed El Hattab
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules (LNPCB), University of Blida 1, Road of Soumaâ, PO Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria
| | - Abdelmalek Badis
- National Centre for Research and Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CNRDPA) 11, Bd Amirouche PO Box 67, BouIsmaïl, 42415 Tipaza, Algeria; Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules (LNPCB), University of Blida 1, Road of Soumaâ, PO Box 270, 09000 Blida, Algeria
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, LMI COSYS-Med, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Samir Bejar
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Jaouadi
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Engineering Enzymes (LMBEE), Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, PO Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia.
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