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Wen S, Jiang Y, Liang S, Cheng Z, Zhu X, Guo Q. Opioids Regulate the Immune System: Focusing on Macrophages and Their Organelles. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:814241. [PMID: 35095529 PMCID: PMC8790028 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.814241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are the most widely used analgesics and therefore have often been the focus of pharmacological research. Macrophages are the most plastic cells in the hematopoietic system. They show great functional diversity in various organism tissues and are an important consideration for the study of phagocytosis, cellular immunity, and molecular immunology. The expression of opioid receptors in macrophages indicates that opioid drugs act on macrophages and regulate their functions. This article reviewed the collection of research on effects of opioids on macrophage function. Studies show that opioids, both endogenous and exogenous, can affect the function of macrophages, effecting their proliferation, chemotaxis, transport, phagocytosis, expression of cytokines and chemokine receptors, synthesis and secretion of cytokines, polarization, and apoptosis. Many of these effects are closely associated with mitochondrial function and functions of other organelles in macrophages. Therefore, in depth research into effects of opioids on macrophage organelles may lead to some interesting new discoveries. In view of the important role of macrophages in HIV infection and tumor progression, this review also discusses effects of opioids on macrophages in these two pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhigang Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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2
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Wang H, Li Y, Zhang X, Xu Z, Zhou J, Shang W. DPP-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin Ameliorates Oxidized LDL-Induced THP-1 Macrophage Foam Cell Formation and Inflammation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:3929-3940. [PMID: 33061298 PMCID: PMC7524190 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s249846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerosis is one of the major causes of cardiovascular diseases. Lipid uptake and accumulation in macrophages play a major role in atherosclerotic plaque formation from its initiation to advanced atheroma formation. The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor Linagliptin is commonly used to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes patients. Recent studies report that Linagliptin has cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory effects. Methods THP-1 macrophage cells were treated with 100 nM PMA for 72 hour to induce foam cell formation. The differentiated cells were exposed to 100 μg/mL ox-LDL in the presence or absence of the DPP-4 inhibitor Linagliptin. The expression levels of DPP-4 and inflammatory cytokines were detected by RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot experiments. The cellular ROS level was measured by staining the cells with the fluorescent probe DCFH-DA. The separation of lipoprotein fractions was achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cells were labeled with fluorescent-labeled cholesterol to measure cholesterol efflux, and lipid droplets were revealed by Nile red staining. Results The presence of Linagliptin significantly reduced ox-LDL-induced cytokine production (IL-1β and IL-6) and ROS production. Linagliptin ameliorated ox-LDL-induced lipid accumulation and impaired cholesterol efflux in macrophages. Mechanistically, this study showed that Linagliptin mitigated ox-LDL-induced expression of the scavenger receptors CD36 and LOX-1, but not SRA. Furthermore, Linagliptin increased the expression of the cholesterol transporter ABCG1, but not ABCA1. Conclusion Linagliptin possesses a potent inhibitory effect on THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cell formation in response to ox-LDL. This effect could be mediated through a decrease in the expression of CD36 and LOX-1 on macrophages and an increase in the expression of the cholesterol transporter ABCG1. This study indicates that the DPP-4 inhibitor Linagliptin plays a critical role in preventing foam cell formation in vitro. However, future research using an atherosclerotic animal model is necessary to determine its effectiveness and to prove its potential implication in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400700, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shang
- Department of Cardiology, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400700, People's Republic of China
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3
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Gein SV, Baeva TA. [Endomorphins: structure, localization, immunoregulatory activity]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:78-86. [PMID: 33351316 DOI: 10.14341/probl10364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphins – endogenous tetrapeptides with the highest affinity for the µ-opioid receptor. Currently, two tetrapeptides that differ in one amino acid residue have been isolated and characterized. The structure of endomorphins differs from the structure of members of three main families of opioid peptides: endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins, which contain the same N-terminal sequence. In the central nervous system, endomorphins are distributed everywhere, where they are primarily responsible for antinociception. Distribution of endomorphins in the immune system, similar to that of other opioid peptides, has allowed to suggest their active participation in the processes of immune regulation. This review summarizes modern views on the structure of endomorphins, their localization, possible intracellular mechanisms of signal transmission and their effects on the processes of activation, proliferation and differentiation of cells of innate and adaptive immunity. Endomorphins actively modulate the functions of the cells of the immune system. Peptides predominantly suppress adaptive immunity reactions. There effects on the functions of innate immunity cells (granulocytes, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells) depending on the conditions and can have either an inhibitory or stimulating orientation. Thus, endomorphins can be promising compounds that can effectively regulate both nociceptive signals and processes in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Gein
- Institute of ecology and genetics of microorganisms - branch of the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Perm State University
| | - Tatyana A Baeva
- Institute of ecology and genetics of microorganisms - branch of the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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4
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Cataldi M, Cignarelli A, Giallauria F, Muscogiuri G, Barrea L, Savastano S, Colao A. Cardiovascular effects of antiobesity drugs: are the new medicines all the same? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2020; 10:14-26. [PMID: 32714509 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-020-0015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Waiting for a definite answer from well-designed randomized prospective clinical trials, the impact of the new antiobesity drugs -liraglutide, bupropion/naltrexone, phentermine/topiramate and lorcaserin- on cardiovascular outcomes remains uncertain. What has been learned from previous experience with older medicines is that antiobesity drugs may influence cardiovascular health not only causing weight reduction but also through direct actions on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, in the present review, we examine what is known, mainly from preclinical investigations, about the cardiovascular pharmacology of the new antiobesity medicines with the aim of highlighting potential mechanistic differences. We will show that the two active substances of the bupropion/naltrexone combination both exert beneficial and unwanted cardiovascular effects. Indeed, bupropion exerts anti-inflammatory effects but at the same time it does increase heart rate and blood pressure by potentiating catecholaminergic neurotransmission, whereas naltrexone reduces TLR4-dependent inflammation and has potential protective effects in stroke but also impairs cardiac adaption to ischemia and the beneficial opioid protective effects mediated in the endothelium. On the contrary, with the only exception of a small increase in heat rate, liraglutide only exerts favorable cardiovascular effects by protecting myocardium and brain from ischemic damage, improving heart contractility, lowering blood pressure and reducing atherogenesis. As far as the phentermine/topiramate combination is concerned, no direct cardiovascular beneficial effect is expected for phentermine (as this drug is an amphetamine derivative), whereas topiramate may exert cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects in ischemia and anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic actions. Finally, lorcaserin, a selective 5HT2C receptor agonist, does not seem to exert significant direct effects on the cardiovascular system though at very high concentrations this drug may also interact with other serotonin receptor subtypes and exert unwanted cardiovascular effects. In conclusion, the final effect of the new antiobesity drugs on cardiovascular outcomes will be a balance between possible (but still unproved) beneficial effects of weight loss and "mixed" weight-independent drug-specific effects. Therefore comparative studies will be required to establish which one of the new medicines is more appropriate in patients with specific cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cataldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, Division of Pharmacology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giallauria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Internal Medicine (Metabolic and Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit), Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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5
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Gater DL, Widatalla N, Islam K, AlRaeesi M, Teo JCM, Pearson YE. Quantification of sterol-specific response in human macrophages using automated imaged-based analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:242. [PMID: 29237459 PMCID: PMC5729278 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transformation of normal macrophage cells into lipid-laden foam cells is an important step in the progression of atherosclerosis. One major contributor to foam cell formation in vivo is the intracellular accumulation of cholesterol. METHODS Here, we report the effects of various combinations of low-density lipoprotein, sterols, lipids and other factors on human macrophages, using an automated image analysis program to quantitatively compare single cell properties, such as cell size and lipid content, in different conditions. RESULTS We observed that the addition of cholesterol caused an increase in average cell lipid content across a range of conditions. All of the sterol-lipid mixtures examined were capable of inducing increases in average cell lipid content, with variations in the distribution of the response, in cytotoxicity and in how the sterol-lipid combination interacted with other activating factors. For example, cholesterol and lipopolysaccharide acted synergistically to increase cell lipid content while also increasing cell survival compared with the addition of lipopolysaccharide alone. Additionally, ergosterol and cholesteryl hemisuccinate caused similar increases in lipid content but also exhibited considerably greater cytotoxicity than cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS The use of automated image analysis enables us to assess not only changes in average cell size and content, but also to rapidly and automatically compare population distributions based on simple fluorescence images. Our observations add to increasing understanding of the complex and multifactorial nature of foam-cell formation and provide a novel approach to assessing the heterogeneity of macrophage response to a variety of factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Gater
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Namareq Widatalla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kinza Islam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- New York University, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maryam AlRaeesi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jeremy C M Teo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yanthe E Pearson
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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6
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Chistiakov DA, Bobryshev YV, Orekhov AN. Macrophage-mediated cholesterol handling in atherosclerosis. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 20:17-28. [PMID: 26493158 PMCID: PMC4717859 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of foam cells is a hallmark at the initial stages of atherosclerosis. Monocytes attracted by pro-inflammatory stimuli attach to the inflamed vascular endothelium and penetrate to the arterial intima where they differentiate to macrophages. Intimal macrophages phagocytize oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL). Several scavenger receptors (SR), including CD36, SR-A1 and lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), mediate oxLDL uptake. In late endosomes/lysosomes of macrophages, oxLDL are catabolysed. Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) hydrolyses cholesterol esters that are enriched in LDL to free cholesterol and free fatty acids. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) in turn catalyses esterification of cholesterol to store cholesterol esters as lipid droplets in the ER of macrophages. Neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolases nCEH and NCEH1 are involved in a secondary hydrolysis of cholesterol esters to liberate free cholesterol that could be then out-flowed from macrophages by cholesterol ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 and SR-BI. In atherosclerosis, disruption of lipid homoeostasis in macrophages leads to cholesterol accumulation and formation of foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Faculty of Medicine and St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.,Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Lanuti M, Talamonti E, Maccarrone M, Chiurchiù V. Activation of GPR55 Receptors Exacerbates oxLDL-Induced Lipid Accumulation and Inflammatory Responses, while Reducing Cholesterol Efflux from Human Macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126839. [PMID: 25970609 PMCID: PMC4430319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor GPR55 has been proposed as a new cannabinoid receptor associated with bone remodelling, nervous system excitability, vascular homeostasis as well as in several pathophysiological conditions including obesity and cancer. However, its physiological role and underlying mechanism remain unclear. In the present work, we demonstrate for the first time its presence in human macrophages and its increased expression in ox-LDL-induced foam cells. In addition, pharmacological activation of GPR55 by its selective agonist O-1602 increased CD36- and SRB-I-mediated lipid accumulation and blocked cholesterol efflux by downregulating ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1, as well as enhanced cytokine- and pro-metalloprotease-9 (pro-MMP-9)-induced proinflammatory responses in foam cells. Treatment with cannabidiol, a selective antagonist of GPR55, counteracted these pro-atherogenic and proinflammatory O-1602-mediated effects. Our data suggest that GPR55 could play deleterious role in ox-LDL-induced foam cells and could be a novel pharmacological target to manage atherosclerosis and other related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Lanuti
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC), IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Talamonti
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC), IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC), IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (VC); (MM)
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC), IRCCS, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (VC); (MM)
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8
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Chiurchiù V, Lanuti M, Catanzaro G, Fezza F, Rapino C, Maccarrone M. Detailed characterization of the endocannabinoid system in human macrophages and foam cells, and anti-inflammatory role of type-2 cannabinoid receptor. Atherosclerosis 2014; 233:55-63. [PMID: 24529123 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cannabinoid receptors are activated in murine macrophages upon exposure to oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), and type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) is considered as a risk factor in atherosclerosis, because it promotes cholesterol accumulation and release of inflammatory mediators. Conversely, accumulated evidence suggests a protective role for type-2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R). Here, we sought to ascertain whether different elements of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) were activated in human lipid-laden macrophages, and whether CB2R played any role in atherogenesis and inflammation of these cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Human macrophages were exposed to oxLDL in order to obtain lipid-laden foam cells. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to measure the production of the endocannabinoids in both macrophages and foam cells, and radiometric assays were performed to measure cannabinoid receptor binding and activity of endocannabinoid metabolizing enzymes. OxLDL accumulation was investigated by confocal imaging, and cytokine production and release were measured by means of flow cytometry and ELISA. The results showed that human macrophages possess a fully functional ECS, which was modulated by oxLDL. Selective CB2R activation reduced cellular oxLDL accumulation, which was associated with decreased expression of CD36 scavenger receptor, and decreased production of TNFα, IL-12 and IL-10. These anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects were reverted by the selective CB2R antagonist SR144528. CONCLUSIONS A fully active ECS is present in human macrophages and macrophage-derived foam cells. Selective activation of CB2R reduces CD36-dependent oxLDL accumulation and modulates production of inflammatory cytokines, thus representing a potential therapeutic strategy to combat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Chiurchiù
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Mirko Lanuti
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Catanzaro
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Filomena Fezza
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Rapino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Center of Integrated Research, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Yu XH, Fu YC, Zhang DW, Yin K, Tang CK. Foam cells in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 424:245-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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10
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Diamandis T, Gonzales-Portillo C, Gonzales-Portillo GS, Staples M, Borlongan MC, Hernandez D, Acosta S, Borlongan CV. Diabetes insipidus contributes to traumatic brain injury pathology via CD36 neuroinflammation. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:936-9. [PMID: 24021616 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Each year, over one million people in the United States are affected by traumatic brain injury (TBI). Symptoms of both acute and chronic neuroinflammation follow TBI, coinciding with a robust immune response and activation of the brain's endogenous repair mechanisms. TBI can lead to endocrine failure as a result of damage to the thalamic region of the brain, evidenced by excessive thirst and polyuria often accompanying TBI. These symptoms indicate the presence of diabetes insipidus (DI), a disruption of water homeostasis due to antidiuretic hormone deficiency. This deficiency accompanies a mechanical or neuroinflammatory damage to the thalamic region during TBI, evidenced by increased expression of inflammatory microglial marker MHCII in this brain region. Excessive thirst and urinations, which are typical DI symptoms, in our chronic TBI rats also suggest a close connection between TBI and DI. We seek to bridge this gap between TBI and DI through investigation of the Cluster of Differentiation 36 (CD36) receptor. This receptor is associated with Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) deregulation, pro-inflammatory events, and innate immunity regulation. We posit that CD36 exacerbates TBI through immune activation and subsequent neuroinflammation. Indeed, scientific evidence already supports pathological interaction of CD36 in other neurological disorders including stroke and Alzheimer's disease. We propose that DI contributes to TBI pathology via CD36 neuroinflammation. Use of CD36 as a biomarker may provide insights into treatment and disease pathology of TBI and DI. This unexplored avenue of research holds potential for a better understanding and treatment of TBI and DI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Diamandis
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chiara Gonzales-Portillo
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Gabriel S Gonzales-Portillo
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Meaghan Staples
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mia C Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Diana Hernandez
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Sandra Acosta
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
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11
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Izzi V, Chiurchiù V, Doldo E, Palumbo C, Tresoldi I, Bei R, Albonici L, Modesti A. Interleukin-17 Produced by Malignant Mesothelioma-Polarized Immune Cells Promotes Tumor Growth and Invasiveness. EUR J INFLAMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1301100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a highly fatal tumor of inner body membranes, the extensive growth of which is supported by both a weak immunogenicity and the ability to reprogram surrounding immune cells towards tumor-supporting phenotypes. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a major inflammatory cytokine which is now accepted as the paradigmatic cytokine of many autoimmune diseases; however, its role in tumor immunology has only been partially unraveled, and no data exist regarding its possible involvement in MM. Thus, in this work we evaluated the ability of MM to induce IL-17 production in immune cells and the effects of IL-17 on MM growth and invasiveness. Our data show for the first time that macrophages and CD4+ T-cells are polarized by MM to produce IL-17, and that this cytokine exerts multiple tumor-supporting effects on both cell growth and invasiveness. These data provide novel evidence of the crosstalk occurring between MM and immune cells and suggest potential targets for the development of new pharmacological approaches for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Izzi
- Center for Cell-Matrix Research and Biocenter Oulu, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - V. Chiurchiù
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
| | - E. Doldo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - C. Palumbo
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - I. Tresoldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - R. Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Albonici
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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12
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-fourth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2011 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-third consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2010 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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