1
|
Sun SL, Liu LM. Urotensin II: an inflammatory cytokine. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:JOE-18-0505.R2. [PMID: 30601760 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is a polypeptide molecule with neurohormone-like activity. It has been confirmed that UII is widely distributed in numerous organs of different animal species from fish to mammals, including humans. The UII receptor is orphan G-protein coupled receptor 14, also known as UT. The tissue distribution of UII and UT is highly consistent, and their expression may be regulated by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. In the body, UII has many physiological and pathophysiological activities, such as vasoconstrictor and vasodilatory actions, cell proliferation, pro-fibrosis, neuroendocrine activity, insulin resistance, and carcinogenic and inflammatory effects, which have been recognized only in recent years. In fact, UII is involved in the process of inflammatory injury and plays a key role in the onset and development of inflammatory diseases. In this paper, we will review the roles UII plays in inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Lin Sun
- S Sun, Department of Infection, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang-Ming Liu
- L Liu, Department of Infection, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 201600, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei H, Yu X, Xue X, Liu H, Wang M, Li Y, Wang X, Ding H. Urotensin II receptor as a potential biomarker for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2749-2756. [PMID: 28927036 PMCID: PMC5588126 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urotensin II and the associated urotensin II receptor (UTR) are important in the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the clinical significance of UTR remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate if UTR exhibits the potential to act as a biomarker to predict the prognosis of HCC patients. The effects of UTR on motility and invasion of HCC cells were additionally investigated. UTR expression levels were determined by immunohistochemistry, in 83 HCC patients that previously underwent curative liver resection. The association between UTR levels and clinicopathological data were analyzed. In vitro, the expressions of UTR in QSG-7701, BEL-7402 and MHCC-97H cell lines were determined via western blotting. Small interfering (si)RNA was used to downregulate UTR in BEL-7402 and MHCC-97H cell lines, and the effects of UTR on tumor cell motility were tested by Transwell assay. UTR expression was associated with tumor number, size, histology and tumor node metastasis/Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer HCC stage. UTR expression levels were additionally associated with recurrence-free and overall survival in HCC patients by Kaplan-Meier curve analysis (P<0.0001). In vitro, UTR expression levels were increased in BEL-7402 and MHCC-97H cell lines, compared with QSG-7701 (P<0.05). siRNA-mediated silencing of the UTR gene significantly inhibited cell motility in BEL-7402 and MHCC-97H cells. The results indicated that UTR may be regarded as a novel biomarker to predict outcomes following radical liver resection and as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit invasion and metastasis of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wei
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Xue
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xuejiang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Huiguo Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li YY, Shi ZM, Yu XT, Feng P, Wang XJ. The effects of urotensin II on migration and invasion are mediated by NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in human hepatoma cells. Peptides 2017; 88:106-114. [PMID: 27988353 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Urotensin II (UII) is a vasoactive neuropeptide involved in migration and invasion in various cell types. However, the effects of UII on human hepatoma cells still remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of UII on migration and invasion in human hepatoma cells. METHODS Migration was measured by wound healing assays and a Transwell® methodology, and invasion was analyzed using Matrigel® invasion chambers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using a 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe, and flow cytometry, and protein expression levels were evaluated by western blotting. Cell proliferation and actin polymerization were examined using cell proliferation reagent WST-1 and F-actin immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS Exposure to UII promoted migration and invasion in hepatoma cells compared with that in cells without UII. UII also increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) expression in a time-independent manner. Furthermore, UII markedly enhanced ROS generation and NADPH oxidase subunit expression, and consequently facilitated the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The UT antagonist urantide or the antioxidant/NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin decreased UII-induced ROS production. JNK phosphorylation, migration, invasion, and MMP9/2 expression were also reversed by pretreatment with apocynin. Urantide and JNK inhibitor SP600125 abrogated migration, invasion, or MMP9/2 expression in response to UII. UII induced actin polymerization and fascin protein expression, and could be reversed by apocynin and SP600125. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous UII induced migration and invasion in hepatoma cells that mainly involved NADPH oxidase-derived ROS through JNK activation. UT played an additional role in regulating hepatoma cells migration and invasion. Thus, our data suggested an important effect of UII in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xue-Jiang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Castel H, Desrues L, Joubert JE, Tonon MC, Prézeau L, Chabbert M, Morin F, Gandolfo P. The G Protein-Coupled Receptor UT of the Neuropeptide Urotensin II Displays Structural and Functional Chemokine Features. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:76. [PMID: 28487672 PMCID: PMC5403833 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The urotensinergic system was previously considered as being linked to numerous physiopathological states, including atherosclerosis, heart failure, hypertension, pre-eclampsia, diabetes, renal disease, as well as brain vascular lesions. Thus, it turns out that the actions of the urotensin II (UII)/G protein-coupled receptor UT system in animal models are currently not predictive enough in regard to their effects in human clinical trials and that UII analogs, established to target UT, were not as beneficial as expected in pathological situations. Thus, many questions remain regarding the overall signaling profiles of UT leading to complex involvement in cardiovascular and inflammatory responses as well as cancer. We address the potential UT chemotactic structural and functional definition under an evolutionary angle, by the existence of a common conserved structural feature among chemokine receptorsopioïdergic receptors and UT, i.e., a specific proline position in the transmembrane domain-2 TM2 (P2.58) likely responsible for a kink helical structure that would play a key role in chemokine functions. Even if the last decade was devoted to the elucidation of the cardiovascular control by the urotensinergic system, we also attempt here to discuss the role of UII on inflammation and migration, likely providing a peptide chemokine status for UII. Indeed, our recent work established that activation of UT by a gradient concentration of UII recruits Gαi/o and Gα13 couplings in a spatiotemporal way, controlling key signaling events leading to chemotaxis. We think that this new vision of the urotensinergic system should help considering UT as a chemotactic therapeutic target in pathological situations involving cell chemoattraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Castel
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
- *Correspondence: Hélène Castel,
| | - Laurence Desrues
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Jane-Eileen Joubert
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Christine Tonon
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- CNRS UMR 5203, INSERM U661, Institute of Functional Genomic (IGF), University of Montpellier 1 and 2, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie Chabbert
- UMR CNRS 6214, INSERM 1083, Faculté de Médecine 3, Angers, France
| | - Fabrice Morin
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Pierrick Gandolfo
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, DC2N, Rouen, France
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu DG, Chen J, Wang HX, Li BX. Increased expression of urotensin II is associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4961-4968. [PMID: 28105202 PMCID: PMC5228350 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) and the urotensin II receptor (UT) exhibit mitogenic effects on tumor growth. Our previous study demonstrated that the UII/UT system is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and may enhance the proliferation of human hepatoma cells. However, the clinical significance of UII/UT expression in HCC remains unclear. The present study assessed UII messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in 129 surgical specimens obtained from HCC patients using reverse transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction. The association between UII mRNA expression and clinicopathological parameters and overall survival rates was also investigated. The results revealed that UII and UT mRNA expression was significantly increased in HCC tissue compared with adjacent non-cancerous liver tissue (P<0.001). Furthermore, a significant correlation was identified between UII expression and histological differentiation (P<0.01), tumor size (P<0.01) and tumor stage (P=0.026). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that overall survival time was significantly shorter in patients with high UII expression, compared with those with low UII expression (P<0.001). Multivariate analyses indicated that UII expression was an independent predictor of overall survival (odds ratio, 1.12; P<0.001). In addition, UII mRNA was correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression. Therefore, UII expression is an independent biomarker for the prognosis of patients with HCC and thus, the UII/UT system may present a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Gang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Xia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li YY, Shi ZM, Yu XY, Feng P, Wang XJ. Urotensin II-induced insulin resistance is mediated by NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5769-5779. [PMID: 27433090 PMCID: PMC4932212 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i25.5769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigated the effects of urotensin II (UII) on hepatic insulin resistance in HepG2 cells and the potential mechanisms involved.
METHODS: Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were cultured with or without exogenous UII for 24 h, in the presence or absence of 100 nmol/L insulin for the last 30 min. Glucose levels were detected by the glucose-oxidase method and glycogen synthesis was analyzed by glycogen colorimetric/fluorometric assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected with a multimode reader using a 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe. The protein expression and phosphorylation levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), insulin signal essential molecules such as insulin receptor substrate -1 (IRS-1), protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and glucose transporter-2 (Glut 2), and NADPH oxidase subunits such as gp91phox, p67phox, p47phox, p40phox, and p22phox were evaluated by Western blot.
RESULTS: Exposure to 100 nmol/L UII reduced the insulin-induced glucose consumption (P < 0.05) and glycogen content (P < 0.01) in HepG2 cells compared with cells without UII. UII also abolished insulin-stimulated protein expression (P < 0.01) and phosphorylation of IRS-1 (P < 0.05), associated with down-regulation of Akt (P < 0.05) and GSK-3β (P < 0.05) phosphorylation levels, and the expression of Glut 2 (P < 0.001), indicating an insulin-resistance state in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, UII enhanced the phosphorylation of JNK (P < 0.05), while the activity of JNK, insulin signaling, such as total protein of IRS-1 (P < 0.001), phosphorylation of IRS-1 (P < 0.001) and GSK-3β (P < 0.05), and glycogen synthesis (P < 0.001) could be reversed by pretreatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Besides, UII markedly improved ROS generation (P < 0.05) and NADPH oxidase subunit expression (P < 0.05). However, the antioxidant/NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin could decrease UII-induced ROS production (P < 0.05), JNK phosphorylation (P < 0.05), and insulin resistance (P < 0.05) in HepG2 cells.
CONCLUSION: UII induces insulin resistance, and this can be reversed by JNK inhibitor SP600125 and antioxidant/NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin targeting the insulin signaling pathway in HepG2 cells.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yu X, Wang P, Shi Z, Dong K, Feng P, Wang H, Wang X. Urotensin-II-Mediated Reactive Oxygen Species Generation via NADPH Oxidase Pathway Contributes to Hepatic Oval Cell Proliferation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144433. [PMID: 26658815 PMCID: PMC4676694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII), a somatostatin-like cyclic peptide, is involved in tumor progression due to its mitogenic effect. Our previous study demonstrated that UII and its receptor UT were up-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and exogenous UII promoted proliferation of human hepatoma cell line BEL-7402. Hepatic progenitor cell (HPCs) are considered to be one of the origins of liver cancer cells, but their relationship with UII remains unclear. In this work, we aimed to investigate the effect of UII on ROS generation in HPCs and the mechanisms of UII-induced ROS in promoting cell proliferation. Human HCC samples were used to examine ROS level and expression of NADPH oxidase. Hepatic oval cell line WB-F344 was utilized to investigate the underlying mechanisms. ROS level was detected by dihydroethidium (DHE) or 2’, 7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) fluorescent probe. For HCC samples, ROS level and expression of NADPH oxidase were significantly up-regulated. In vitro, UII also increased ROS generation and expression of NADPH oxidase in WB-F344 cells. NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin pretreatment partially abolished UII-increased phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and ERK, expression of cyclin E/cyclin-dependent kinase 2. Cell cycle was then analyzed by flow cytometry and UII-elevated S phase proportion was inhibited by apocynin pretreatment. Finally, bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) incorporation assay showed that apocynin partially abolished UII induced cell proliferation. In conclusion, this study indicates that UII-increased ROS production via the NADPH oxidase pathway is partially associated with activation of the PI3K/Akt and ERK cascades, accelerates G1/S transition, and contributes to cell proliferation. These results showed that UII plays an important role in growth of HPCs, which provides novel evidence for the involvement of HPCs in the formation and pathogenesis of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XiaoTong Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - PengYan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - ZhengMing Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Dong
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - HongXia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - XueJiang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu XT, Wang PY, Shi ZM, Dong K, Feng P, Wang HX, Wang XJ. Up-regulation of urotensin II and its receptor contributes to human hepatocellular carcinoma growth via activation of the PKC, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Molecules 2014; 19:20768-79. [PMID: 25514221 PMCID: PMC6271171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191220768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) and its receptor (UTR) have mitogenic effects on tumor growth. Our previous study demonstrated that the UII/UTR system is up-regulated in dithyinitrosamine-induced precancerous rat liver lesions. However, its role in human hepatocellular carcinoma remains unknown. In this study, the mRNA and protein expression of UII and its receptor (UTR) in human hepatocellular carcinoma samples and in the BEL-7402 human hepatoma cell line were evaluated. In addition, the effect of exogenous UII on the pathways that regulate proliferation in BEL-7402 cells in vitro were determined. Liver sections were subjected to immunohistochemical staining. mRNA expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, and protein levels were evaluated by western blotting. Proliferating cells were detected by BrdU incorporation. The expression of UII/UT mRNA and protein significantly increased in human hepatocellular carcinoma samples, and in BEL-7402 cells. Administration with UII increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK). Furthermore, GF109203x, PD184352, and SB203580 partially abolished UII-induced proliferation of BEL-7402 cells. These results provide the first evidence that up-regulation of the UII/UT system may enhance proliferation of the human hepatoma cell line at least in part via PKC, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, and may provide novel therapeutic targets for inhibiting human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Peng-Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical Hospital, Beijing 100692, China.
| | - Zheng-Ming Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing 100031, China.
| | - Kun Dong
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Hong-Xia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xue-Jiang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Franco R, Zappavigna S, Gigantino V, Luce A, Cantile M, Cerrone M, Facchini G, Perdonà S, Pignata S, Di Lorenzo G, Chieffi S, Vitale G, De Sio M, Sgambato A, Botti G, Yousif AM, Novellino E, Grieco P, Caraglia M. Urotensin II receptor determines prognosis of bladder cancer regulating cell motility/invasion. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:48. [PMID: 24893613 PMCID: PMC4061920 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-33-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Non Muscle Invasive Bladder Transitional Cancer (NMIBC) and Muscle Invasive Bladder Transitional Cancer (MIBC)/invasive have different gene profile and clinical course. NMIBC prognosis is not completely predictable, since the relapse rate is higher than 20%, even in the form of MIBC. The aim of this study is to evaluate if UTR expression can discriminate between NMIBC and MIBC and predict the risk of relapses in NMIBCs. Methods We have investigated upon urotensin-II (UII) receptor (UTR) expression in vivo in 159 patients affected by NMIBC. The biological role of UTR was also investigated in vitro. UTR expression was evaluated in a tissue-micro-array, consisting of normal, NMIBC and invasive bTCC samples. Results UTR discriminated between NMIBC and MIBC and showed a significant correlation between low UTR expression and shorter disease free survival in NMIBC. The superagonist UPG84 induced growth suppression at nM concentrations on 3/4 cell lines. Bladder cancer cell treatment with the antagonist urantide or the knock-down of UTR with a specific shRNA significantly blocked both the motility and invasion of bladder cancer cells. Conclusions The evaluation of UTR expression can discriminate between NMIBC at high and low risk of relapse. Moreover, our data suggest that UTR is involved in the regulation of motility, invasion and proliferation of bladder cancer cells. High UTR expression is an independent prognostic factor of good prognosis for NMIBC regulating motility and invasion of bladder cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Federico A, Zappavigna S, Romano M, Grieco P, Luce A, Marra M, Gravina AG, Stiuso P, D'Armiento FP, Vitale G, Tuccillo C, Novellino E, Loguercio C, Caraglia M. Urotensin-II receptor is over-expressed in colon cancer cell lines and in colon carcinoma in humans. Eur J Clin Invest 2014; 44:285-94. [PMID: 24372535 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urotensin (U)-II receptor (UTR) has been previously reported to be over-expressed in a number of tumours. Whether UTR-related pathway plays a role in colon carcinogenesis is unknown. METHODS We evaluated UTR protein and mRNA expression in human epithelial colon cancer cell lines and in normal colon tissue, adenomatous polyps and colon cancer. U-II protein expression was assessed in cancer cell lines. Moreover, we evaluated the effects of U-II(4-11) (an UTR agonist), antagonists and knockdown of UTR protein expression through a specific shRNA, on proliferation, invasion and motility of human colon cancer cells. RESULTS Cancer cell lines expressed U-II protein and UTR protein and mRNA. By immunohistochemistry, UTR was expressed in 5-30% of epithelial cells in 45 normal controls, in 30-48% in 21 adenomatous polyps and in 65-90% in 48 colon adenocarcinomas. UTR mRNA expression was increased by threefold in adenomatous polyps and eightfold in colon cancer, compared with normal colon. U-II(4-11) induced a 20-40% increase in cell growth while the blockade of the receptor with specific antagonists caused growth inhibition of 20-40%. Moreover, the knock down of UTR with a shRNA or the inhibition of UTR with the antagonist urantide induced an approximately 50% inhibition of both motility and invasion. CONCLUSIONS UTR appears to be involved in the regulation of colon cancer cell invasion and motility. These data suggest that UTR-related pathway may play a role in colon carcinogenesis and that UTR may function as a target for therapeutic intervention in colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Federico
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|