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Phage Display-Based Nanotechnology Applications in Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040843. [PMID: 32075083 PMCID: PMC7071019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage display is a nanotechnology with limitless potential, first developed in 1985 and still awaiting to reach its peak. Awarded in 2018 with the Nobel Prize for Chemistry, the method allows the isolation of high-affinity ligands for diverse substrates, ranging from recombinant proteins to cells, organs, even whole organisms. Personalized therapeutic approaches, particularly in oncology, depend on the identification of new, unique, and functional targets that phage display, through its various declinations, can certainly provide. A fast-evolving branch in cancer research, immunotherapy is now experiencing a second youth after being overlooked for years; indeed, many reports support the concept of immunotherapy as the only non-surgical cure for cancer, at least in some settings. In this review, we describe literature reports on the application of peptide phage display to cancer immunotherapy. In particular, we discuss three main outcomes of this procedure: (i) phage display-derived peptides that mimic cancer antigens (mimotopes) and (ii) antigen-carrying phage particles, both as prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccines, and (iii) phage display-derived peptides as small-molecule effectors of immune cell functions. Preclinical studies demonstrate the efficacy and vast potential of these nanosized tools, and their clinical application is on the way.
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Hoo WPY, Siak PY, In LLA. Overview of Current Immunotherapies Targeting Mutated KRAS Cancers. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2158-2175. [PMID: 31483231 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190904163524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of somatic substitution mutations of the KRAS proto-oncogene is highly prevalent in certain cancer types, which often leads to constant activation of proliferative pathways and subsequent neoplastic transformation. It is often seen as a gateway mutation in carcinogenesis and has been commonly deemed as a predictive biomarker for poor prognosis and relapse when conventional chemotherapeutics are employed. Additionally, its mutational status also renders EGFR targeted therapies ineffective owing to its downstream location. Efforts to discover new approaches targeting this menacing culprit have been ongoing for years without much success, and with incidences of KRAS positive cancer patients being on the rise, researchers are now turning towards immunotherapies as the way forward. In this scoping review, recent immunotherapeutic developments and advances in both preclinical and clinical studies targeting K-ras directly or indirectly via its downstream signal transduction machinery will be discussed. Additionally, some of the challenges and limitations of various K-ras targeting immunotherapeutic approaches such as vaccines, adoptive T cell therapies, and checkpoint inhibitors against KRAS positive cancers will be deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winfrey Pui Yee Hoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pui Yan Siak
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lionel L A In
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Xiao N, Cao J, Zhou H, Ding SQ, Kong LY, Li JN. Identification of three novel B-cell epitopes of VMH protein from Vibrio mimicus by screening a phage display peptide library. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 182:22-28. [PMID: 27863546 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus is the causative agent of ascites disease in fish. The heat-labile hemolytic toxin designated VMH is an immunoprotective antigen of V. mimicus. However, its epitopes have not been well characterized. Here, a commercially available phage displayed 12-mer peptide library was used to screen epitopes of VMH protein using polyclonal rabbit anti-rVMH protein antibodies, and then five positive phage clones were identified by sandwich and competitive ELISA. Sequences analysis showed that the motif of DPTLL displayed on phage clone 15 and the consensus motif of SLDDDST displayed on the clone 4/11 corresponded to the residues 134-138 and 238-244 of VMH protein, respectively, and the synthetic motif peptides could also be recognized by anti-rVMH-HD antibody in peptide-ELISA. Thus, both motifs DPTLL and SLDDDST were identified as minimal linear B-cell epitopes of VMH protein. Although no similarity was found between VMH protein and the consensus motif of ADGLVPR displayed on the clone 2/6, the synthetic peptide ADGLVPR could absorb anti-rVMH-HD antibody and inhibit the antibody binding to rVMH protein in enhanced chemoluminescence Western blotting, whereas irrelevant control peptide did not affect the antibody binding with rVMH. These results revealed that the peptide ADGLVPR was a mimotope of VMH protein. Taken together, three novel B-cell epitopes of VMH protein were identified, which provide a foundation for developing epitope-based vaccine against V. mimicus infection in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ji Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shu-Quan Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ling-Yan Kong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Jin-Nian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Tuccillo FM, Palmieri C, Fiume G, de Laurentiis A, Schiavone M, Falcone C, Iaccino E, Galandrini R, Capuano C, Santoni A, D'Armiento FP, Arra C, Barbieri A, Dal Piaz F, Venzon D, Bonelli P, Buonaguro FM, Scala I, Mallardo M, Quinto I, Scala G. Cancer-associated CD43 glycoforms as target of immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 13:752-62. [PMID: 24356816 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD43 is a sialoglycosylated membrane protein that is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. CD43 glycoforms that are recognized by the UN1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) were expressed in lymphoblastoid T-cell lines and solid tumors, such as breast, colon, gastric, and squamous cell lung carcinomas, while unexpressed in the normal counterparts. The cancer association of UN1/CD43 epitope suggested the possibility to use the UN1 mAb for tumor diagnosis and therapy. In this study, we show that the UN1 mAb was endowed with antitumor activity in vivo because its passive transfer inhibited the growth of UN1-positive HPB-ALL lymphoblastoid T cells in mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that tumor inhibition was due to UN1 mAb-dependent natural killer-mediated cytotoxicity. By screening a phage-displayed random peptide library, we identified the phagotope 2/165 as a mimotope of the UN1 antigen, as it harbored a peptide sequence that was specifically recognized by the UN1 mAb and inhibited the binding of the UN1 mAb to UN1-positive tumor cells. On the basis of sequence homology with the extracellular region of CD43 (amino acids 64 to 83), the 2/165 peptide sequence was likely mimicking the protein core of the UN1/CD43 epitope. When used as vaccine in mice, the 2/165 phagotope raised antibodies against the UN1/CD43 antigen, indicating that the 2/165 phagotope mimicked the UN1 antigen structure, and could represent a novel immunogen for cancer immunotherapy. These findings support the feasibility of using monoclonal antibodies to identify cancer-associated mimotopes for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franca Maria Tuccillo
- Corresponding Authors: Franca Maria Tuccillo, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncogenesis, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale", IRCCS, via Mariano Semmola, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Mohsenzadegan M, Madjd Z, Asgari M, Abolhasani M, Shekarabi M, Taeb J, Shariftabrizi A. Reduced expression of NGEP is associated with high-grade prostate cancers: a tissue microarray analysis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1609-18. [PMID: 23955683 PMCID: PMC11029587 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
New gene expressed in prostate (NGEP) is a newly diagnosed prostate-specific gene that is expressed only in normal prostate and prostate cancer cells. Discovery of tissue-specific markers may promote the development of novel targets for immunotherapy of prostate cancer. In the present study, the staining pattern and clinical significance of NGEP were evaluated in a series of prostate tissues composed of 123 prostate cancer, 19 high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and 44 samples of benign prostate tissue included in tissue microarrays using immunohistochemistry. Our study demonstrated that NGEP localized mainly in the apical and lateral membranes and was also partially distributed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of normal prostate tissue. All of the examined prostate tissues expressed NGEP with a variety of intensities; the level of expression was significantly more in the benign prostate tissues compared to malignant prostate samples (P value <0.001). Among prostate adenocarcinoma samples, a significant and inverse correlation was observed between the intensity of NGEP expression and increased Gleason score (P = 0.007). Taken together, we found that NGEP protein is widely expressed in low-grade to high-grade prostate adenocarcinomas as well as benign prostate tissues, and the intensity of expression is inversely proportional to the level of malignancy. NGEP could be an attractive target for immune-based therapy of prostate cancer patients as an alternative to the conventional therapies particularly in indolent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monireh Mohsenzadegan
- Immunology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Department of Pathology, Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, 14496-14530 Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Asgari
- Department of Pathology, Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, 14496-14530 Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Abolhasani
- Department of Pathology, Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, 14496-14530 Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shekarabi
- Department of Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jaleh Taeb
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shariftabrizi
- Department of Pathology, Oncopathology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Street (Highway), Next to Milad Tower, 14496-14530 Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Danbury Hospital, Yale University, Danbury, CT 06810 USA
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Wang JJ, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Liao KX, Lin F, Wu CT, Cai GF, Yao XQ. Screening peptides binding specifically to colorectal cancer cells from a phage random peptide library. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:377-81. [PMID: 22502705 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.1.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to screen for polypeptides binding specifically to LoVo human colorectal cancer cells using a phage-displayed peptide library as a targeting vector for colorectal cancer therapy. Human normal colorectal mucous epithelial cells were applied as absorber cells for subtraction biopanning with a c7c phage display peptide library. Positive phage clones were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence detection; amino acid sequences were deduced by DNA sequencing. After 3 rounds of screening, 5 of 20 phage clones screened positive, showing specific binding to LoVo cells and a conserved RPM motif. Specific peptides against colorectal cancer cells could be obtained from a phage display peptide library and may be used as potential vectors for targeting therapy for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jiang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Singer J. Cancer vaccines inducing antibody production: more pros than cons. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 10:1281-9. [PMID: 21919618 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To date, passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies is a well-established option in clinical oncology. By contrast, anticancer vaccines are less advanced, with the exception of successfully applied prophylactic vaccines against oncogenic virus infections. The creation of therapeutic vaccines is still a great challenge mostly due to the self-nature of tumor antigens. Therapeutic vaccines may be based on patient-specific material including pulsed effector cells, or tumor-associated antigens and derivatives thereof, such as peptides, mimotopes and nucleic acids. The latter represents a more universal approach, which would set an ideal economic framework resulting in broad patient access. In this article we focus on cancer vaccines for antibody production, in particular mimotope vaccines. The collected evidence suggests that they will open up new treatment options in minimal residual disease and early stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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