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Soberanes-Chávez P, Trujillo-Barrera J, de Gortari P. Circadian Synchronization of Feeding Attenuates Rats' Food Restriction-Induced Anxiety and Amygdalar Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Downregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5857. [PMID: 38892044 PMCID: PMC11172148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is a common comorbidity of obesity, resulting from prescribing long-term caloric restriction diets (CRDs); patients with a reduced food intake lose weight but present anxious behaviors, poor treatment adherence, and weight regain in the subsequent 5 years. Intermittent fasting (IF) restricts feeding time to 8 h during the activity phase, reducing patients' weight even with no caloric restriction; it is unknown whether an IF regime with ad libitum feeding avoids stress and anxiety development. We compared the corticosterone blood concentration between male Wistar rats fed ad libitum or calorie-restricted with all-day or IF food access after 4 weeks, along with their anxiety parameters when performing the elevated plus maze (EPM). As the amygdalar thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is believed to have anxiolytic properties, we evaluated its expression changes in association with anxiety levels. The groups formed were the following: a control which was offered food ad libitum (C-adlib) or 30% of C-adlib's energy requirements (C-CRD) all day, and IF groups provided food ad libitum (IF-adlib) or 30% of C-adlib's requirements (IF-CRD) with access from 9:00 to 17:00 h. On day 28, the rats performed the EPM and, after 30 min, were decapitated to analyze their amygdalar TRH mRNA expression by in situ hybridization and corticosterone serum levels. Interestingly, circadian feeding synchronization reduced the body weight, food intake, and animal anxiety levels in both IF groups, with ad libitum (IF-adlib) or restricted (IF-CRD) food access. The anxiety levels of the experimental groups resulted to be negatively associated with TRH expression, which supported its anxiolytic role. Therefore, the low anxiety levels induced by synchronizing feeding with the activity phase would help patients who are dieting to improve their diet therapy adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Soberanes-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (P.S.-C.); (J.T.-B.)
| | - Jariz Trujillo-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (P.S.-C.); (J.T.-B.)
- Escuela de Dietética y Nutrición del ISSSTE, Ciudad de México 14070, Mexico
| | - Patricia de Gortari
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (P.S.-C.); (J.T.-B.)
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Pekary AE, Sattin A. A resveratrol derivative modulates
TRH
and
TRH
‐like peptide expression throughout the brain and peripheral tissues of male rats. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2022; 5:e356. [PMID: 35875858 PMCID: PMC9471588 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Eugene Pekary
- Research VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles California USA
- Center for Ulcer Research and Education VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Medicine University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Albert Sattin
- Research VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles California USA
- Psychiatry Services VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences University of California Los Angeles California USA
- Brain Research Institute University of California Los Angeles California USA
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TRH and TRH-like peptide levels covary with caloric restriction and oral metformin in rat heart and testis. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2022.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Pekary AE, Sattin A. Rifaximin modulates TRH and TRH-like peptide expression throughout the brain and peripheral tissues of male rats. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:9. [PMID: 35189807 PMCID: PMC8862550 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The TRH/TRH-R1 receptor signaling pathway within the neurons of the dorsal vagal complex is an important mediator of the brain-gut axis. Mental health and protection from a variety of neuropathologies, such as autism, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, major depression, migraine and epilepsy are influenced by the gut microbiome and is mediated by the vagus nerve. The antibiotic rifaximin (RF) does not cross the gut-blood barrier. It changes the composition of the gut microbiome resulting in therapeutic benefits for traveler’s diarrhea, hepatic encephalopathy, and prostatitis. TRH and TRH-like peptides, with the structure pGlu-X-Pro-NH2, where “X” can be any amino acid residue, have reproduction-enhancing, caloric-restriction-like, anti-aging, pancreatic-β cell-, cardiovascular-, and neuroprotective effects. TRH and TRH-like peptides occur not only throughout the CNS but also in peripheral tissues. To elucidate the involvement of TRH-like peptides in brain-gut-reproductive system interactions 16 male Sprague–Dawley rats, 203 ± 6 g, were divided into 4 groups (n = 4/group): the control (CON) group remained on ad libitum Purina rodent chow and water for 10 days until decapitation, acute (AC) group receiving 150 mg RF/kg powdered rodent chow for 24 h providing 150 mg RF/kg body weight for 200 g rats, chronic (CHR) animals receiving RF for 10 days; withdrawal (WD) rats receiving RF for 8 days and then normal chow for 2 days. Results Significant changes in the levels of TRH and TRH-like peptides occurred throughout the brain and peripheral tissues in response to RF. The number of significant changes in TRH and TRH-like peptide levels in brain resulting from RF treatment, in descending order were: medulla (16), piriform cortex (8), nucleus accumbens (7), frontal cortex (5), striatum (3), amygdala (3), entorhinal cortex (3), anterior (2), and posterior cingulate (2), hippocampus (1), hypothalamus (0) and cerebellum (0). The corresponding ranking for peripheral tissues were: prostate (6), adrenals (4), pancreas (3), liver (2), testis (1), heart (0). Conclusions The sensitivity of TRH and TRH-like peptide expression to RF treatment, particularly in the medulla oblongata and prostate, is consistent with the participation of these peptides in the therapeutic effects of RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Eugene Pekary
- Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Bldg. 114, Rm. 229B, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA. .,Center for Ulcer Research and Education, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
| | - Albert Sattin
- Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Bldg. 114, Rm. 229B, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.,Psychiatry Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, CA, 90073, Los Angeles, USA
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Yang Y, Chen Y, Chen J, Zhang D, Wang J, Mao X, Wei X, Li X, Ma X, Liu C, Wang K. The Adverse Effects of Thyrotropin Absence on Pancreatic β Cell Function in Mice. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9536032. [PMID: 31179344 PMCID: PMC6501250 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9536032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyrotropin (TSH) is a modulator of glucose metabolism by binding to its receptor on pancreatic cells. We used thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) knockout mice (Tshr -/-) as a model of TSH deletion to study its function in pancreatic β cells. Tshr -/- mice had a similar body weight at birth compared with Tshr +/+ mice, but grew at a significantly slower rate until adulthood with adequate thyroxine supplementation. TSH deletion led to lower fasting and postprandial blood glucose, insulin secretion impairment, and atrophy of islets in adult mice. Transcription factors and markers of pancreatic β cell maturation, Pdx1, Nkx6.1, Glut2, and insulin, together with cell proliferation marker Ki67 showed no differences at the mRNA level between the two groups. However, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was remarkably elevated in Tshr -/- mice at both mRNA and protein levels. We hypothesized that pancreatic cell apoptosis, rather than abnormal cell proliferation and maturation, is associated with pancreatic dysfunction and glucose intolerance in the absence of TSH modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Danyu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaodong Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xingjia Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xianghua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
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Pekary AE, Sattin A, Lloyd RL. Ketamine modulates TRH and TRH-like peptide turnover in brain and peripheral tissues of male rats. Peptides 2015; 69:66-76. [PMID: 25882008 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Major depression is the largest single healthcare burden with treatments of slow onset and often limited efficacy. Ketamine, a NMDA antagonist used extensively as a pediatric and veterinary anesthetic, has recently been shown to be a rapid acting antidepressant, making it a potential lifesaver for suicidal patients. Side effects and risk of abuse limit the chronic use of ketamine. More complete understanding of the neurobiochemical mechanisms of ketamine should lead to safer alternatives. Some of the physiological and pharmacological actions of ketamine are consistent with increased synthesis and release of TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2), and TRH-like peptides (pGlu-X-Pro-NH2) where "X" can be any amino acid residue. Moreover, TRH-like peptides are themselves potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of major depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, epilepsy, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. For these reasons, male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with 162 mg/kg ip ketamine and then infused intranasally with 20 μl of sterile saline containing either 0 or 5 mg/ml Glu-TRH. One, 2 or 4h later, the brain levels of TRH and TRH-like peptides were measured in various brain regions and peripheral tissues. At 1h in brain following ketamine only, the levels of TRH and TRH-like peptides were significantly increased in 52 instances (due to increased biosynthesis and/or decreased release) or decreased in five instances. These changes, listed by brain region in order of decreasing number of significant increases (↑) and/or decreases (↓), were: hypothalamus (9↑); piriform cortex (8↑); entorhinal cortex (7↑); nucleus accumbens (7↑); posterior cingulate (5↑); striatum (4↑); frontal cortex (2↑,3↓); amygdala (3↑); medulla oblongata (1↑,2↓); cerebellum (2↑); hippocampus (2↑); anterior cingulate (2↑). The corresponding changes in peripheral tissues were: adrenals (8↑); epididymis (4↑); testis (1↑,3↓); pancreas (1↑); prostate (1↑). We conclude that TRH and TRH-like peptides may be downstream mediators of the rapid antidepressant actions of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eugene Pekary
- Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States; Center for Ulcer Research and Education, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States.
| | - Albert Sattin
- Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States; Psychiatry Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States; Departments of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States; Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, United States
| | - Robert L Lloyd
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 332 Bohannon Hall, 10 University Drive, Duluth, MN 55812-2494, United States
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