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Soberanes-Chávez P, Trujillo-Barrera J, de Gortari P. Circadian Synchronization of Feeding Attenuates Rats' Food Restriction-Induced Anxiety and Amygdalar Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Downregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5857. [PMID: 38892044 PMCID: PMC11172148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is a common comorbidity of obesity, resulting from prescribing long-term caloric restriction diets (CRDs); patients with a reduced food intake lose weight but present anxious behaviors, poor treatment adherence, and weight regain in the subsequent 5 years. Intermittent fasting (IF) restricts feeding time to 8 h during the activity phase, reducing patients' weight even with no caloric restriction; it is unknown whether an IF regime with ad libitum feeding avoids stress and anxiety development. We compared the corticosterone blood concentration between male Wistar rats fed ad libitum or calorie-restricted with all-day or IF food access after 4 weeks, along with their anxiety parameters when performing the elevated plus maze (EPM). As the amygdalar thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is believed to have anxiolytic properties, we evaluated its expression changes in association with anxiety levels. The groups formed were the following: a control which was offered food ad libitum (C-adlib) or 30% of C-adlib's energy requirements (C-CRD) all day, and IF groups provided food ad libitum (IF-adlib) or 30% of C-adlib's requirements (IF-CRD) with access from 9:00 to 17:00 h. On day 28, the rats performed the EPM and, after 30 min, were decapitated to analyze their amygdalar TRH mRNA expression by in situ hybridization and corticosterone serum levels. Interestingly, circadian feeding synchronization reduced the body weight, food intake, and animal anxiety levels in both IF groups, with ad libitum (IF-adlib) or restricted (IF-CRD) food access. The anxiety levels of the experimental groups resulted to be negatively associated with TRH expression, which supported its anxiolytic role. Therefore, the low anxiety levels induced by synchronizing feeding with the activity phase would help patients who are dieting to improve their diet therapy adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Soberanes-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (P.S.-C.); (J.T.-B.)
| | - Jariz Trujillo-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (P.S.-C.); (J.T.-B.)
- Escuela de Dietética y Nutrición del ISSSTE, Ciudad de México 14070, Mexico
| | - Patricia de Gortari
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (P.S.-C.); (J.T.-B.)
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2
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Ramot Y, Rottenberg Y, Domb AJ, Kubek MJ, Williams KD, Nyska A. Preclinical In-Vivo Safety of a Novel Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Loaded Biodegradable Nanoparticles After Intranasal Administration in Rats and Primates. Int J Toxicol 2023:10915818231152613. [PMID: 36634266 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231152613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and TRH-like peptides carry a therapeutic potential for neurological conditions. Nanoparticles (NP) made of the biodegradable polymer, Poly(Sebacic Anhydride) (PSA), have been developed to carry TRH, intended for intranasal administration to patients. There is limited information on the safety of biodegradable polymers when given intranasally, and therefore, we have performed two preclinical safety and toxicity studies in cynomolgus monkeys and rats using TRH-PSA nanoparticles. The rats and monkeys were dosed intranasally for 42 days or 28 days, respectively, and several animals were followed for additional 14 days. Animals received either placebo, vehicle (PSA), or different concentrations of TRH-PSA. No systemic adverse effects were seen. Changes in T3 or T4 concentrations were observed in some TRH-PSA-treated animals, which did not have clinical or microscopic correlates. No effect was seen on TSH or prolactin concentrations. In the monkey study, microscopic changes in the nasal turbinates were observed, which were attributed to incidental mechanical trauma caused during administration. Taken together, the TRH-loaded PSA NPs have proven to be safe, with no local or systemic adverse effects attributed to the drug loaded nanoparticles. These findings provide additional support to the growing evidence of the safety of peptide-loaded NPs for intranasal delivery and pave the way for future clinical trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- Faculty of Medicine, 54621Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, 58884Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yakir Rottenberg
- Faculty of Medicine, 54621Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- School of Pharmacy-Faculty of Medicine, 54621The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michael J Kubek
- 12250Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin D Williams
- Consultant in Toxicology, WKM Consulting, LLC, Waunakee, WI, USA
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology, 26745Tel Aviv and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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3
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Chitre AS, Hebda-Bauer EK, Blandino P, Bimschleger H, Nguyen KM, Maras P, Li F, Ozel AB, Pan Y, Polesskaya O, Cheng R, Flagel SB, Watson SJ, Li J, Akil H, Palmer AA. Genome-wide association study in a rat model of temperament identifies multiple loci for exploratory locomotion and anxiety-like traits. Front Genet 2023; 13:1003074. [PMID: 36712851 PMCID: PMC9873817 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1003074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Common genetic factors likely contribute to multiple psychiatric diseases including mood and substance use disorders. Certain stable, heritable traits reflecting temperament, termed externalizing or internalizing, play a large role in modulating vulnerability to these disorders. To model these heritable tendencies, we selectively bred rats for high and low exploration in a novel environment [bred High Responders (bHR) vs. Low Responders (bLR)]. To identify genes underlying the response to selection, we phenotyped and genotyped 538 rats from an F2 cross between bHR and bLR. Several behavioral traits show high heritability, including the selection trait: exploratory locomotion (EL) in a novel environment. There were significant phenotypic and genetic correlations between tests that capture facets of EL and anxiety. There were also correlations with Pavlovian conditioned approach (PavCA) behavior despite the lower heritability of that trait. Ten significant and conditionally independent loci for six behavioral traits were identified. Five of the six traits reflect different facets of EL that were captured by three behavioral tests. Distance traveled measures from the open field and the elevated plus maze map onto different loci, thus may represent different aspects of novelty-induced locomotor activity. The sixth behavioral trait, number of fecal boli, is the only anxiety-related trait mapping to a significant locus on chromosome 18 within which the Pik3c3 gene is located. There were no significant loci for PavCA. We identified a missense variant in the Plekhf1 gene on the chromosome 1:95 Mb QTL and Fancf and Gas2 as potential candidate genes that may drive the chromosome 1:107 Mb QTL for EL traits. The identification of a locomotor activity-related QTL on chromosome 7 encompassing the Pkhd1l1 and Trhr genes is consistent with our previous finding of these genes being differentially expressed in the hippocampus of bHR vs. bLR rats. The strong heritability coupled with identification of several loci associated with exploratory locomotion and emotionality provide compelling support for this selectively bred rat model in discovering relatively large effect causal variants tied to elements of internalizing and externalizing behaviors inherent to psychiatric and substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva S. Chitre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elaine K. Hebda-Bauer
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Peter Blandino
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hannah Bimschleger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Khai-Minh Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pamela Maras
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Fei Li
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - A. Bilge Ozel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yanchao Pan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Oksana Polesskaya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Riyan Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shelly B. Flagel
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Stanley J. Watson
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Huda Akil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Abraham A. Palmer,
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4
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Pekary AE, Sattin A. A resveratrol derivative modulates
TRH
and
TRH
‐like peptide expression throughout the brain and peripheral tissues of male rats. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2022; 5:e356. [PMID: 35875858 PMCID: PMC9471588 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Eugene Pekary
- Research VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles California USA
- Center for Ulcer Research and Education VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Medicine University of California Los Angeles California USA
| | - Albert Sattin
- Research VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles California USA
- Psychiatry Services VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences University of California Los Angeles California USA
- Brain Research Institute University of California Los Angeles California USA
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TRH and TRH-like peptide levels covary with caloric restriction and oral metformin in rat heart and testis. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2022.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Dopamine Function and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Activity in Major Depressed Patients with Suicidal Behavior. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12050621. [PMID: 35625008 PMCID: PMC9139537 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Involvement of the dopaminergic (DA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) systems in suicidal behavior is still poorly understood. We assessed multihormonal responses to apomorphine (APO; a short acting DA receptor agonist) and 8 AM and 11 PM protirelin (TRH) tests in 30 medication-free DSM-5 euthyroid major depressed inpatients with suicidal behavior disorder (SBD) (current, n = 14; in early remission, n = 16) and 18 healthy hospitalized control subjects (HCs). Compared to HCs, responses to APO and TRH tests were unaltered in SBDs in early remission. However, current SBDs exhibited increased APO-induced growth hormone (GH) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) stimulation, and reduced 11 PM thyrotropin (TSH) and ∆∆TSH values (difference between 11 PM and 8 AM TRH-TSH responses). In current SBDs, the association between high APO-GH concentrations and low ∆∆TSH values was more common in recent suicide attempters than in past suicide attempters. These preliminary results suggest that co-occurring alterations in the DA and HPT systems (i.e., DA receptor hyperresponsiveness associated with decreased hypothalamic TRH drive) may contribute to the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior. Conversely, normalization of DA and TRH functions might reflect a process of recovery from suicidality. Thus, our findings suggest that drugs targeting the DAergic and TRH systems could be relevant in suicide prevention.
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7
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Pekary AE, Sattin A. Rifaximin modulates TRH and TRH-like peptide expression throughout the brain and peripheral tissues of male rats. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:9. [PMID: 35189807 PMCID: PMC8862550 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The TRH/TRH-R1 receptor signaling pathway within the neurons of the dorsal vagal complex is an important mediator of the brain-gut axis. Mental health and protection from a variety of neuropathologies, such as autism, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, major depression, migraine and epilepsy are influenced by the gut microbiome and is mediated by the vagus nerve. The antibiotic rifaximin (RF) does not cross the gut-blood barrier. It changes the composition of the gut microbiome resulting in therapeutic benefits for traveler’s diarrhea, hepatic encephalopathy, and prostatitis. TRH and TRH-like peptides, with the structure pGlu-X-Pro-NH2, where “X” can be any amino acid residue, have reproduction-enhancing, caloric-restriction-like, anti-aging, pancreatic-β cell-, cardiovascular-, and neuroprotective effects. TRH and TRH-like peptides occur not only throughout the CNS but also in peripheral tissues. To elucidate the involvement of TRH-like peptides in brain-gut-reproductive system interactions 16 male Sprague–Dawley rats, 203 ± 6 g, were divided into 4 groups (n = 4/group): the control (CON) group remained on ad libitum Purina rodent chow and water for 10 days until decapitation, acute (AC) group receiving 150 mg RF/kg powdered rodent chow for 24 h providing 150 mg RF/kg body weight for 200 g rats, chronic (CHR) animals receiving RF for 10 days; withdrawal (WD) rats receiving RF for 8 days and then normal chow for 2 days. Results Significant changes in the levels of TRH and TRH-like peptides occurred throughout the brain and peripheral tissues in response to RF. The number of significant changes in TRH and TRH-like peptide levels in brain resulting from RF treatment, in descending order were: medulla (16), piriform cortex (8), nucleus accumbens (7), frontal cortex (5), striatum (3), amygdala (3), entorhinal cortex (3), anterior (2), and posterior cingulate (2), hippocampus (1), hypothalamus (0) and cerebellum (0). The corresponding ranking for peripheral tissues were: prostate (6), adrenals (4), pancreas (3), liver (2), testis (1), heart (0). Conclusions The sensitivity of TRH and TRH-like peptide expression to RF treatment, particularly in the medulla oblongata and prostate, is consistent with the participation of these peptides in the therapeutic effects of RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Eugene Pekary
- Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Bldg. 114, Rm. 229B, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA. .,Center for Ulcer Research and Education, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
| | - Albert Sattin
- Research Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Bldg. 114, Rm. 229B, 11301 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.,Psychiatry Services, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, CA, 90073, Los Angeles, USA
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8
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Birt IA, Hagenauer MH, Clinton SM, Aydin C, Blandino P, Stead JD, Hilde KL, Meng F, Thompson RC, Khalil H, Stefanov A, Maras P, Zhou Z, Hebda-Bauer EK, Goldman D, Watson SJ, Akil H. Genetic Liability for Internalizing Versus Externalizing Behavior Manifests in the Developing and Adult Hippocampus: Insight From a Meta-analysis of Transcriptional Profiling Studies in a Selectively Bred Rat Model. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 89:339-355. [PMID: 32762937 PMCID: PMC7704921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For more than 16 years, we have selectively bred rats for either high or low levels of exploratory activity within a novel environment. These bred high-responder (bHR) and bred low-responder (bLR) rats model temperamental extremes, exhibiting large differences in internalizing and externalizing behaviors relevant to mood and substance use disorders. METHODS We characterized persistent differences in gene expression related to bHR/bLR phenotype across development and adulthood in the hippocampus, a region critical for emotional regulation, by meta-analyzing 8 transcriptional profiling datasets (microarray and RNA sequencing) spanning 43 generations of selective breeding (postnatal day 7: n = 22; postnatal day 14: n = 49; postnatal day 21: n = 21; adult: n = 46; all male). We cross-referenced expression differences with exome sequencing within our colony to pinpoint candidates likely to mediate the effect of selective breeding on behavioral phenotype. The results were compared with hippocampal profiling from other bred rat models. RESULTS Genetic and transcriptional profiling results converged to implicate multiple candidate genes, including two previously associated with metabolism and mood: Trhr and Ucp2. Results also highlighted bHR/bLR functional differences in the hippocampus, including a network essential for neurodevelopmental programming, proliferation, and differentiation, centering on Bmp4 and Mki67. Finally, we observed differential expression related to microglial activation, which is important for synaptic pruning, including 2 genes within implicated chromosomal regions: C1qa and Mfge8. CONCLUSIONS These candidate genes and functional pathways may direct bHR/bLR rats along divergent developmental trajectories and promote a widely different reactivity to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle A. Birt
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Megan H. Hagenauer
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Cigdem Aydin
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter Blandino
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - John D.H. Stead
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada
| | - Kathryn L. Hilde
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Fan Meng
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Robert C. Thompson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Huzefa Khalil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alex Stefanov
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Pamela Maras
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhifeng Zhou
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elaine K. Hebda-Bauer
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David Goldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stanley J. Watson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Huda Akil
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Panek M, Kawalec P, Pilc A, Lasoń W. Developments in the discovery and design of intranasal antidepressants. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1145-1164. [PMID: 32567398 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1776697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression remains a major cause of morbidity worldwide; consequently, there is a need in neuropsychiatry for new antidepressants with a rapid onset of action. Intranasal administration of antidepressants is an attractive and promising approach to the treatment of mental disorders, as this route is noninvasive, offers a fast onset of action and improved drug bioavailability, allows a drug dose reduction, as well as gives the possibility to bypass the blood-brain barrier and reduce the number of systemic side effects. AREAS COVERED This review is a comprehensive discussion of the available intranasal drugs that have found application as antidepressants. The results of relevant clinical studies are presented. Additionally, the use of nanotechnology-based formulations for enhancing the intranasal delivery of antidepressants is briefly described. EXPERT OPINION Intranasal drug delivery has a huge potential for antidepressant administration, but its use in the treatment of central nervous system disorders is currently very limited. The nasal route of antidepressant delivery is noninvasive, improves drug bioavailability, as well as allows to overcome the problem with the blood-brain barrier, gastrointestinal absorption, and first-pass metabolism. In our opinion, fast-acting intranasal antidepressants will be widely used in the treatment of mental disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Panek
- Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture , Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Kawalec
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków, Poland.,Drug Management Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków, Poland.,Drug Management Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University , Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysław Lasoń
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków, Poland
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10
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Charli JL, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Hernández-Ortega K, Cote-Vélez A, Uribe RM, Jaimes-Hoy L, Joseph-Bravo P. The Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone-Degrading Ectoenzyme, a Therapeutic Target? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:640. [PMID: 32457627 PMCID: PMC7225337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH: Glp-His-Pro-NH2) is a peptide mainly produced by brain neurons. In mammals, hypophysiotropic TRH neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus integrate metabolic information and drive the secretion of thyrotropin from the anterior pituitary, and thus the activity of the thyroid axis. Other hypothalamic or extrahypothalamic TRH neurons have less understood functions although pharmacological studies have shown that TRH has multiple central effects, such as promoting arousal, anorexia and anxiolysis, as well as controlling gastric, cardiac and respiratory autonomic functions. Two G-protein-coupled TRH receptors (TRH-R1 and TRH-R2) transduce TRH effects in some mammals although humans lack TRH-R2. TRH effects are of short duration, in part because the peptide is hydrolyzed in blood and extracellular space by a M1 family metallopeptidase, the TRH-degrading ectoenzyme (TRH-DE), also called pyroglutamyl peptidase II. TRH-DE is enriched in various brain regions but is also expressed in peripheral tissues including the anterior pituitary and the liver, which secretes a soluble form into blood. Among the M1 metallopeptidases, TRH-DE is the only member with a very narrow specificity; its best characterized biological substrate is TRH, making it a target for the specific manipulation of TRH activity. Two other substrates of TRH-DE, Glp-Phe-Pro-NH2 and Glp-Tyr-Pro-NH2, are also present in many tissues. Analogs of TRH resistant to hydrolysis by TRH-DE have prolonged central efficiency. Structure-activity studies allowed the identification of residues critical for activity and specificity. Research with specific inhibitors has confirmed that TRH-DE controls TRH actions. TRH-DE expression by β2-tanycytes of the median eminence of the hypothalamus allows the control of TRH flux into the hypothalamus-pituitary portal vessels and may regulate serum thyrotropin secretion. In this review we describe the critical evidences that suggest that modification of TRH-DE activity in tanycytes, and/or in other brain regions, may generate beneficial consequences in some central and metabolic disorders and identify potential drawbacks and missing information needed to test these hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Charli
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
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11
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McGowan JC, Hill C, Mastrodonato A, LaGamma CT, Kitayev A, Brachman RA, Narain NR, Kiebish MA, Denny CA. Prophylactic ketamine alters nucleotide and neurotransmitter metabolism in brain and plasma following stress. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1813-1821. [PMID: 29599484 PMCID: PMC6046049 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that ketamine given prior to stress exposure protects against the development of depressive-like behavior in mice. These data suggest that it may be possible to prevent the induction of affective disorders before they develop by administering prophylactic pharmaceuticals, a relatively nascent and unexplored strategy for psychiatry. Here, we performed metabolomics analysis of brain and plasma following prophylactic ketamine treatment in order to identify markers of stress resilience enhancement. We administered prophylactic ketamine in mice to buffer against fear expression. Following behavioral analyses, untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed on both hemispheres of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HPC), and plasma. We found that prophylactic ketamine attenuated learned fear. Eight metabolites were changed in the PFC and HPC upon ketamine treatment. Purine and pyrimidine metabolism were most significantly changed in the HPC, PFC, and, interestingly, plasma of mice two weeks after prophylactic administration. Moreover, most precursors to inhibitory neurotransmitters were increased whereas precursors to excitatory neurotransmitters were decreased. Strikingly, these long-term metabolomic changes were not observed when no stressor was administered. Our results suggest that prophylactic treatment differentially affects purine and pyrimidine metabolism and neurotransmission in brain and plasma following stress, which may underlie the long-lasting resilience to stress induced by a single injection of ketamine. These data may provide novel targets for prophylactic development, and indicate an interaction effect of prophylactic ketamine and stress. To our knowledge, this is the first study that identifies metabolomic alterations and biomarker candidates for prophylactic ketamine efficacy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C McGowan
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alessia Mastrodonato
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. (RFMH)/New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina T LaGamma
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. (RFMH)/New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Christine A Denny
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. (RFMH)/New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, USA.
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Cote-Vélez A, Martínez Báez A, Lezama L, Uribe RM, Joseph-Bravo P, Charli JL. A screen for modulators reveals that orexin-A rapidly stimulates thyrotropin releasing hormone expression and release in hypothalamic cell culture. Neuropeptides 2017; 62:11-20. [PMID: 28173961 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the paraventricular nucleus of the mammalian hypothalamus, hypophysiotropic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) neurons integrate metabolic information and control the activity of the thyroid axis. Additional populations of TRH neurons reside in various hypothalamic areas, with poorly defined connections and functions, albeit there is evidence that some may be related to energy balance. To establish extracellular modulators of TRH hypothalamic neurons activity, we performed a screen of neurotransmitters effects in hypothalamic cultures. Cell culture conditions were chosen to facilitate the full differentiation of the TRH neurons; these conditions had permitted the characterization of the effects of known modulators of hypophysiotropic TRH neurons. The major end-point of the screen was Trh mRNA levels, since they are generally rapidly (0.5-3h) modified by synaptic inputs onto TRH neurons; in some experiments, TRH cell content or release was also analyzed. Various modulators, including histamine, serotonin, β-endorphin, met-enkephalin, and melanin concentrating hormone, had no effect. Glutamate, as well as ionotropic agonists (kainate and N-Methyl-d-aspartic acid), increased Trh mRNA levels. Baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, and dopamine enhanced Trh mRNA levels. An endocannabinoid receptor 1 inverse agonist promoted TRH release. Somatostatin increased Trh mRNA levels and TRH cell content. Orexin-A rapidly increased Trh mRNA levels, TRH cell content and release, while orexin-B decreased Trh mRNA levels. These data reveal unaccounted regulators, which exert potent effects on hypothalamic TRH neurons in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonieta Cote-Vélez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mor. 62271, Mexico
| | - Anabel Martínez Báez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mor. 62271, Mexico
| | - Leticia Lezama
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mor. 62271, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Uribe
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mor. 62271, Mexico
| | - Patricia Joseph-Bravo
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mor. 62271, Mexico
| | - Jean-Louis Charli
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mor. 62271, Mexico.
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Liu G, Phillips P, Yuan TF. Detection of Alzheimer's Disease by Three-Dimensional Displacement Field Estimation in Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:233-48. [PMID: 26682696 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within the past decade, computer scientists have developed many methods using computer vision and machine learning techniques to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) in its early stages. OBJECTIVE However, some of these methods are unable to achieve excellent detection accuracy, and several other methods are unable to locate AD-related regions. Hence, our goal was to develop a novel AD brain detection method. METHODS In this study, our method was based on the three-dimensional (3D) displacement-field (DF) estimation between subjects in the healthy elder control group and AD group. The 3D-DF was treated with AD-related features. The three feature selection measures were used in the Bhattacharyya distance, Student's t-test, and Welch's t-test (WTT). Two non-parallel support vector machines, i.e., generalized eigenvalue proximal support vector machine and twin support vector machine (TSVM), were then used for classification. A 50 × 10-fold cross validation was implemented for statistical analysis. RESULTS The results showed that "3D-DF+WTT+TSVM" achieved the best performance, with an accuracy of 93.05 ± 2.18, a sensitivity of 92.57 ± 3.80, a specificity of 93.18 ± 3.35, and a precision of 79.51 ± 2.86. This method also exceled in 13 state-of-the-art approaches. Additionally, we were able to detect 17 regions related to AD by using the pure computer-vision technique. These regions include sub-gyral, inferior parietal lobule, precuneus, angular gyrus, lingual gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, third ventricle, superior parietal lobule, thalamus, middle temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, superior occipital gyrus, cingulate gyrus, culmen, and insula. These regions were reported in recent publications. CONCLUSIONS The 3D-DF is effective in AD subject and related region detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuihua Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology & School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yudong Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology & School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Translational Imaging Division & MRI Unit, Columbia University & New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Preetha Phillips
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, USA
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- School of Computer Science and Technology & School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Zarif H, Petit-Paitel A, Heurteaux C, Chabry J, Guyon A. TRH modulates glutamatergic synaptic inputs on CA1 neurons of the mouse hippocampus in a biphasic manner. Neuropharmacology 2016; 110:69-81. [PMID: 27060411 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) is a tripeptide that induces the release of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in the blood. Besides its role in the thyroid system, TRH has been shown to regulate several neuronal systems in the brain however its role in hippocampus remains controversial. Using electrophysiological recordings in acute mouse brain slices, we show that TRH depresses glutamate responses at the CA3-CA1 synapse through an action on NMDA receptors, which, as a consequence, decreases the ability of the synapse to establish a long term potentiation (LTP). TRH also induces a late increase in AMPA/kainate responses. Together, these results suggest that TRH plays an important role in the modulation of hippocampal neuronal activities, and they contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which TRH impacts synaptic function underlying emotional states, learning and memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zarif
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, CNRS, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Agnès Petit-Paitel
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, CNRS, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Catherine Heurteaux
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, CNRS, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Joëlle Chabry
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, CNRS, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, Valbonne, France
| | - Alice Guyon
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275, CNRS, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, Valbonne, France.
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15
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Zhang Y, Wang S. Detection of Alzheimer's disease by displacement field and machine learning. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1251. [PMID: 26401461 PMCID: PMC4579022 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. Recently, computer scientists have developed various methods for early detection based on computer vision and machine learning techniques. Method. In this study, we proposed a novel AD detection method by displacement field (DF) estimation between a normal brain and an AD brain. The DF was treated as the AD-related features, reduced by principal component analysis (PCA), and finally fed into three classifiers: support vector machine (SVM), generalized eigenvalue proximal SVM (GEPSVM), and twin SVM (TSVM). The 10-fold cross validation repeated 50 times. Results. The results showed the "DF + PCA + TSVM" achieved the accuracy of 92.75 ± 1.77, sensitivity of 90.56 ± 1.15, specificity of 93.37 ± 2.05, and precision of 79.61 ± 2.21. This result is better than or comparable with not only the other proposed two methods, but also ten state-of-the-art methods. Besides, our method discovers the AD is related to following brain regions disclosed in recent publications: Angular Gyrus, Anterior Cingulate, Cingulate Gyrus, Culmen, Cuneus, Fusiform Gyrus, Inferior Frontal Gyrus, Inferior Occipital Gyrus, Inferior Parietal Lobule, Inferior Semi-Lunar Lobule, Inferior Temporal Gyrus, Insula, Lateral Ventricle, Lingual Gyrus, Medial Frontal Gyrus, Middle Frontal Gyrus, Middle Occipital Gyrus, Middle Temporal Gyrus, Paracentral Lobule, Parahippocampal Gyrus, Postcentral Gyrus, Posterior Cingulate, Precentral Gyrus, Precuneus, Sub-Gyral, Superior Parietal Lobule, Superior Temporal Gyrus, Supramarginal Gyrus, and Uncus. Conclusion. The displacement filed is effective in detection of AD and related brain-regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuihua Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Equipment and Manufacturing, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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