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Shad S, Lynch I, Shah SWH, Bashir N. Remediation of Water Using a Nanofabricated Cellulose Membrane Embedded with Silver Nanoparticles. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1035. [PMID: 36363590 PMCID: PMC9699521 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The removal of pesticide pollution is imperative, because of their high environmental load and persistence, and their potential for bioaccumulation in, and toxicity to the environment. Most pesticides are found to be toxic even at trace levels. AgNPs can be effectively used for the adsorption of pesticides, and the incorporation of the AgNPs onto a support polymeric membrane enhances their effectiveness and reduces the potential unwanted consequences of intentionally adding free nanoparticles to the environment. Here, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a reliable, eco-friendly, and one-step "green" method, by reacting Mentha Piperita (mint) extract with AgNO3 aqueous solution at 60 °C in a microwave. The resulting high surface area nanoparticles are both economic and effective environmental remediation agents, playing a promising role in the elimination of aquatic pesticide pollution. Embedding the nanoparticles into a cellulose membrane at a low concentration (0.1 g) of AgNPs was shown to result in effectively adsorption of representative pesticides (Cypermethrin, Paraquat, and Cartap) within 60 min, while increasing the concentration of nanoparticles incorporated into the membrane further enhanced the removal of the exemplar pesticides from water. The high adsorption capacity makes the cellulose-AgNPs membrane an excellent substrate for the remediation of pesticide-polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Shad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Nadia Bashir
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
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2
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Yan J, Xu P, Zhang F, Huang X, Cao Y, Zhang S. The effects of aqueous extract from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) peel on the growth and physiological characteristics of Dolichospermum flos-aquae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8086. [PMID: 35577831 PMCID: PMC9110734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the increasing Dolichospermum (Anabaena) blooms pose a major threat to the aquatic environment and public health worldwide. The use of naturally derived chemicals from plants to control cyanobacteria blooms has recently received a tremendous amount of attention. This study investigates the possibility of transforming watermelon peel (WMP) into a biological resource to allelopathically inhibit Dolichospermum flos-aquae blooms. The results demonstrated that the growth of D. flos-aquae was efficiently restricted by the aqueous extract of watermelon peel (WMPAE) in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell viability decreased quickly, intracellular structural damage occurred, chlorophyll a in algal cells degraded, and photosynthesis was clearly inhibited. At the same time, the levels of reactive oxygen species in viable cells increased significantly, as did malondialdehyde levels, indicating that WMPAE elucidated strong oxidative stress and corresponding damage to D. flos-aquae. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) levels increased in all treatment groups, which represents an adaptive response indicative of the development of resistance to WMPAE stress and oxidative damage. Despite this, WMPAE had clear inhibitory effects on D. flos-aquae. These findings provide fundamental information on an allelopathic system that could be a novel and attractive approach for suppressing D. flos-aquae blooms in small aquatic environments, especially aquaculture ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengrui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yanmin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Conversion and Pollution Control of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Singh Y, Singh G, Singh D, Khattar J. A checklist of blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria) from Punjab, India. JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2022. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.6754.14.3.20758-20772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A checklist of Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae) has been made by reviewing available literature in order to contribute to the knowledge of biodiversity of algae in the Punjab state of India. The list records 317 taxa of the phylum Cyanobacteria distributed among 74 genera, 32 families, and six orders. The order Oscillatoriales has 115 taxa, followed by Nostocales (84), Synechococcales (60), Chroococcales (49), Spirulinales (8), and Pleurocapsales (1). The family Nostocaceae has the maximum number of genera followed by Microcoleaceae, Chroococcaceae, Oscillatoriaceae and other reported families. The genera with the highest number of species were Phormidium (39 species), Lyngbya (15 species), Oscillatoria (14 species), and Leptolyngbya & Scytonema (13 species each). The checklist revealed a high degree of species richness within phylum Cyanobacteria found in Punjab. This checklist can provide a baseline for future floristic studies with taxonomically updated/accepted name of genera/species of cyanobacteria.
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Corrigendum to ‘Removal efficiency of marine filamentous Cyanobacteria for Pyrethroids and their effects on the biochemical parameters and growth’ [Algal Res. 60 (2021) 102546]. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Removal efficiency of marine filamentous Cyanobacteria for Pyrethroids and their effects on the biochemical parameters and growth. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Kaur I, Agnihotri S, Goyal D. Fabrication of chitosan-alginate nanospheres for controlled release of cartap hydrochloride. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:025701. [PMID: 34614488 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2d4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide cartap hydrochloride (C) was fabricated as nanospheres by a two-step method of ionic gelification and polyelectrolyte complexation of alginate (ALG) and chitosan (CS) to undermine its adverse effects on environment. Nanospheres were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectra and x-ray diffraction. The size of cartap hydrochloride entrapped chitosan alginate nanospheres (C-CS-ALG nps) was in range of 107.58-173.07 nm. Cartap hydrochloride nanospheres showed encapsulation efficiency of 76.19% and were stable for 30 d at ambient temperature. Release of cartap from nanospheres fitted best with first order linear kinetics followed by Hixson and Higuchi model suggesting super case II transport release. With the application of such control release nanoformulations, it is possible to reduce the frequency of field application of insecticide due to its slow release to the target organism, which is economical as well as environmentally safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, 147001, Punjab, India
| | - Shekhar Agnihotri
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat-131028, Haryana, India
| | - Dinesh Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology (Deemed to be University), Patiala, 147001, Punjab, India
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de Luna MDG, Rabongue A, Garcia-Segura S, Lu MC. Cartap removal from simulated water matrices by fluidized-bed Fenton process: optimization of process parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40587-40597. [PMID: 32588302 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cartap is a thiocarbamate pesticide widely-used to protect rice crops, one of the most mass-produced cereals worldwide. Effluents containing cartap pose serious environment and health risks due to the acute toxicity of this emerging contaminant. This work evaluates the capabilities of the Fenton process to efficiently remove cartap from water matrices. Process parameters such as hydrogen peroxide dosage, ferrous ion concentration and operating pH were optimized using Box-Behnken design. Results showed complete cartap removal with Fenton oxidation in a fluidized-bed reactor while eliminating sludge generation during treatment. Fluidized-bed Fenton process had improved reduction in chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon due to the contribution of heterogeneous Fenton catalysis to the overall degradation of cartap species compared to conventional Fenton in a batch reactor. Furthermore, competitive reactions and scavenging effects in complex natural water matrices were simulated with the use of inorganic ions such as nitrate, chloride, and phosphate. Results demonstrated the detrimental effect of phosphate ions on Fenton oxidation due to the precipitation of soluble catalysts as iron phosphates, which stops the catalytic Fenton cycle and thus the production of oxidants for contaminant degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Daniel G de Luna
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Anamie Rabongue
- Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, 1101, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Sergi Garcia-Segura
- Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA
| | - Ming-Chun Lu
- Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, 71710, Taiwan.
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8
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Kaur I, Goyal D. Cartap hydrochloride induced stress response in Anabaena variabilis ARM 441. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 177:104904. [PMID: 34301365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cartap hydrochloride is a moderately hazardous nereistoxin analogue insecticide that is predominantly applied in paddy fields of India, at a recommended dose of 10 μg ml-1 to kill chewing and sucking insect pests of rice crop. Toxicity of cartap hydrochloride was studied on non-target free-living nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ARM 441 commonly used as algal biofertilizer in rice cultivation. Anabaena sp. could tolerate commercial grade insecticide up to 30 μg ml-1. However, at the recommended dose of 10 μg ml-1, it caused reduction in algal growth, total nitrogen and heterocyst frequency by 47.28, 24.29 and 17.72% respectively, as well as photosynthetic pigments under pure culture conditions. Scanning electron micrographs revealed cell rupture and breakage in filaments due to cartap exposure with the formation of akinetes. Cartap hydrochloride induced stress, since level of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were increased by 108.57, 187.5 and 117% respectively. Generation of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide were also increased by 152.48 and 34% respectively. Lipid peroxidation was increased by 31.03%, whereas there was decline in ascorbate content by 48.45%, however the glutathione content was increased by 128.57%. Increase in osmolytes such as proline from 8.6 to 32.8% and sucrose from 61.22 to 90.13% indicates their possible role in overcoming cartap induced oxidative stress and can be helpful in assessing its detrimental effect on Anabaena variabilis ARM 441, since cyanobacterial biofertilizers are purposely used in paddy fields as nitrogen contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar institute of engineering and technology, Punjab, India
| | - Dinesh Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar institute of engineering and technology, Punjab, India.
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Li Y, Naman CB, Alexander KL, Guan H, Gerwick WH. The Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Marine Natural Products from Leptolyngbya, a Chemically Endowed Genus of Cyanobacteria. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E508. [PMID: 33036172 PMCID: PMC7600079 DOI: 10.3390/md18100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptolyngbya, a well-known genus of cyanobacteria, is found in various ecological habitats including marine, fresh water, swamps, and rice fields. Species of this genus are associated with many ecological phenomena such as nitrogen fixation, primary productivity through photosynthesis and algal blooms. As a result, there have been a number of investigations of the ecology, natural product chemistry, and biological characteristics of members of this genus. In general, the secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria are considered to be rich sources for drug discovery and development. In this review, the secondary metabolites reported in marine Leptolyngbya with their associated biological activities or interesting biosynthetic pathways are reviewed, and new insights and perspectives on their metabolic capacities are gained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.B.N.); (K.L.A.)
| | - C. Benjamin Naman
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.B.N.); (K.L.A.)
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Kelsey L. Alexander
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.B.N.); (K.L.A.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Huashi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (C.B.N.); (K.L.A.)
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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Gupta K, Baruah PP. Toxicological impact of deltamethrin on growth and nitrogen content of a rice field cyanobacterium Calothrix sp. (GUEco 1002). J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2020; 66:207-214. [PMID: 31983708 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are an important component in the rice field ecosystem and are a well known source of natural biofertilizer. Pesticidal application for the control of pests in rice field soil has led to several environmental problems, and poses a great threat to these beneficial microorganisms. Studies on the impact of pesticides on the diazotrophic growth and survivability of these microorganisms have recently gained much attention. The present paper describes the effects of an iterated use of the insecticide deltamethrin (2.8% EC) on the growth and nitrogen fixation capacity of the filamentous cyanobacterium Calothrix sp. (strain GUEco 1002). This organism has shown a varying degree of sensitivity to the insecticide. For evaluating the deltamethrin toxicity, the test organism was subjected to varying concentrations of deltamethrin i.e. 17.5 ppm, 35 ppm, 70 ppm and 140 ppm based upon LC50 for 20 days. The data obtained in the laboratory revealed that the treatment of the test organism with deltamethrin (17.5-140 ppm) negatively affected its growth, pigments, protein and nitrogen content in a time dose dependent manner. In contrast, carbohydrate content significantly increased with increasing concentrations of deltamethrin, this effect being more prominent at 140 ppm treatment (38%). At this high level (140 ppm), the test organism showed a significant decrease in dry weight biomass (46%), chlorophyll-a (72%), carotenoids (57%), phycocyanin (67%), protein (69%) and nitrogen content (61%) over the control. A little, but insignificant, stimulatory effect on nitrogen content was recorded at 17.5 ppm of the insecticide which however, was the opposite in the case of growth, pigments, carbohydrate and protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P P Baruah
- Department of Botany, Gauhati University
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11
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Zhang K, Yu M, Xu P, Zhang S, Benoit G. Physiological and morphological response of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae to watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) peel aqueous extract. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 225:105548. [PMID: 32593115 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural algaecides are more likely to be specific and biodegradable, and may offer an environmentally friendly method for control of cyanobacterial blooms. We explored, for the first time, the potential for watermelon peel aqueous extract (WMPAE) to control the growth of the harmful blue-green alga Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. The growth inhibition and several physiological parameters of A. flos-aquae, in response to WMPAE, were analyzed. Results showed that WMPAE significantly inhibited the growth of A. flos-aquae in a concentration-dependent way. The highest inhibition reached 94 % after 3 days' treatment with 6 g L-1 of WMPAE and a significant effect was obtained with lower doses and shorter times as well. The cell viability decreased quickly, cell shape changed, and intracellular structural damage occurred. At the same time, the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase CAT and peroxidase POD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels all increased significantly, indicating that WMPAE between 2-6 g L-1 induced severe oxidative stress and damage to A. flos-aquae. Moreover, production of the four pigments chlorophyll a (Chl a), carotenoids, phycocyanin (PC), and allophycocyanin (APC) were all stimulated, though photosynthesis of A. flos-aquae was clearly inhibited. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and the effective quantum yield of photosystem II ( Fv'/Fm') declined sharply, suggesting the decreased photosystem capacity of A. flos-aquae to convert light energy into chemical energy. In addition, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of A. flos-aquae increased after a very short time exposure to WMPAE, and decreased significantly with prolonged exposure time, which indicated the failure of photo protection mechanisms. These results suggest that the loss of cell viability, and increases in oxidative stress, and damage to intracellular structure and photosynthetic systems might be the mechanisms for the inhibitory effects. Our results suggested that WMPAE could be a novel and effective approach for controlling the growth of A. flos-aquae in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mengdie Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Peiyao Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, 06511 CT, United States.
| | - Gaboury Benoit
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, 06511 CT, United States
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Swatch GK, Singh DP, Khattar JS, Mohapatra PK. Interaction of pretilachlor with PS-II activity of the cyanobacterium Desmonostoc muscorum PUPCCC 405.10. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:532-542. [PMID: 32159865 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of pretilachlor with photosystem (PS)-II of the cyanobacterium Desmonostoc muscorum PUPCCC 405.10 has been studied in this paper. Pretilachlor negatively affected growth, chlorophyll a (Chl a), photosynthesis, and carbon dissimilation in a dose-dependent manner. Effects were also observed in PSs, especially PS-II (an 11-35% decrease), as well as the whole photosynthetic electron transport activity. The fluorescence emission spectrum of Chl a revealed a dose-dependent effect of pretilachlor on both the antenna and the core complex of PSs, with more severe effect on the former. Data of O-J-I-P fluorescence transient of Chl a revealed that pretilachlor interfered with electron flow between QA and QB sites of PS-II. It was further observed that pretilachlor decreased maximum fluorescence, variable and relative variable fluorescence, maximum quantum yield, quantum yield of electron transport, the rate of trapped exciton movement, quantum yield of electron transfer, and performance index of primary photochemistry; however, there was a progressive increase in the net rate of PS-II closure, quantum yield of energy dissipation, and effective antenna size per active reaction center. A decrease in photosynthetic activity leads to a decrease in carbon dissimilation, as evidenced by low activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase. Thus, pretilachlor, which is otherwise known to kill weeds by interfering with cell division, affected the growth of the cyanobacteria by interacting with PS-II.
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Dutta J, Baruah P. Evaluating differential effect of deltamethrin and carbofuran on growth characteristics of Westiellopsis prolifica Janet, a dominant nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium of tropical rice field ecosystem. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Zhang S, Benoit G. Comparative physiological tolerance of unicellular and colonial Microcystis aeruginosa to extract from Acorus calamus rhizome. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 215:105271. [PMID: 31470337 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Microcystis blooms and their associated microcystins pose a significant health risk to humans. Microcystis normally occurs as colonies in eutrophic water bodies, and its physiological tolerance to algaecides is dissimilar to that of unicellular forms. However, the differences of physiological response to algaecides between unicellular and colonial Microcystis have been poorly explored. The current study investigated the effects of hexane extract of Acorus calamus rhizome (HEACR) on the physiological and photosynthetic mechanisms of unicellular and colonial M. aeruginosa in the laboratory. We analyzed the cell density, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, photosynthetic pigments, capsular polysaccharide (CPS), and photosystem (PS II) parameters of the two morphological forms of Microcystis. Our results show that HEACR suppresses the growth of both unicellular and colonial M. aeruginosa, increases the intracellular ROS level and cause lipid peroxidation, as well as exerting a detrimental effect on chlorophyll a (chl a) content and photosynthetic efficiency. Almost 100% inhibition was observed for unicellular and colonial M. aeruginosa after 3 d exposure to 50 and 100 mg L-1 HEACR, respectively. The ROS level increase, MDA accumulation, the chl a decrease and carotenoid increase in unicellular M. aeruginosa were all more obvious than that in colonial cells. The fall in photosynthetic efficiency of unicellular M. aeruginosa were also more significant than that of colonial cells. After 3d exposure, the maximum quantum yield of PS II photochemistry (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield of PS II photochemistry (Fv'/Fm') and effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PS II (YII) of unicellular M. aeruginosa was almost totally inhibited by 20 mg L-1 HEACR, while the Fv/Fm, Fv'/Fm' and YII of colonial M. aeruginosa decreased by 43%, 26% and 66% for 100 mg L-1 of HEACR, respectively. Comparing the two morphological forms of Microcystis, colonies show a greater increase in CPS level to more effectively resist the stress of HEACR and to mitigate ROS generation thereby better defending against oxidative damage. Furthermore, colonial M. aeruginosa shows better photoprotection ability than the unicellular form when exposed to HEACR. The colonies also sustain their maximum electron transport rate, increase their tolerance to strong light, and maintain a higher ability to disperse excess energy. These results demonstrated that HEACR can significantly interfere with the growth and physiological processes of both unicellular and colonial M. aeruginosa, but that colonial M. aeruginosa has a greater ability to adjust physiological tolerance to resist the stresses of HEACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Zhang
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, United States; College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Gaboury Benoit
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, United States.
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Singh VP, Kumar J, Singh S, Prasad SM. Dimethoate modifies enhanced UV-B effects on growth, photosynthesis and oxidative stress in mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) seedlings: implication of salicylic acid. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 116:13-23. [PMID: 25454516 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study is aimed to investigate implication of salicylic acid (SA) in regulation of dimethoate (30 and 150 ppm designated as D1 and D2, respectively) and enhanced UV-B radiation (ambient + supplemental; ambient + 4.0 kJ m(-2) and ambient + 8.0 kJ m(-2), designated as UV-B1 and UV-B2, respectively) induced responses in mung bean seedlings. Seeds of Vigna radiata L. cv. Narendra 1 were surface sterilized, washed thoroughly and soaked for 24 h in sterilized distilled water. Soaked seeds were sown in acid washed sterilized sand filled in plastic trays, and incubated in dark at 26 ± 2 °C for 2 days. The seedlings were grown in growth chamber at 26 ± 2 °C with 12 h photoperiod (350 µmol photons m(-2 )s(-1), PAR) and watered regularly. Six day old seedlings of equal size were gently transferred in 0.2 strength Rorison nutrient medium (pH 6.8) for acclimatization. Thereafter, dimethoate (30 and 150 ppm designated as D1 and D2, respectively) and enhanced UV-B radiation treatments were given. On the 12th day, seedlings of each set were harvested and various parameters related to growth, pigments, photosynthesis, oxidative stress and antioxidant system were analyzed. The D2 dose of dimethoate and UV-B1 and UV-B2 alone and together significantly (P < 0.05) declined growth, photosynthetic pigments and photosynthesis (Fv/Fm and qP except NPQ) which were accompanied by significant decrease in SA level. Similarly, D2 and UV-B also enhanced (P < 0.05) accumulation of reactive oxygen species and concomitantly damaging effects on lipids, proteins and membrane stability were observed. In contrast, in SA-pretreated seedlings damaging impacts of D2, UV-B1 and UV-B2 alone and together were significantly (P < 0.05) alleviated. Besides this, interestingly D1 dose of dimethoate alone had stimulatory effect on growth and it also ameliorated damaging effects of both the doses of UV-B. The activity of superoxide dismutase was stimulated by all the combinations. However, catalase, glutathione reductase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities were significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited by D2, UV-B1 and UV-B2 while SA-pretreatment ameliorated D2 and UV-B-induced inhibitions in activities of these enzymes. Total ascorbate and glutathione pools also decreased by D2 and both doses of UV-B; however, in SA-pretreated seedlings their amounts were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than D2, UV-B1 and UV-B2 alone. Interestingly, D1 also alleviated damaging impact of UV-B1 and UV-B2 on total ascorbate and glutathione pools. Results revealed that D2, UV-B1 and UV-B2 might alter SA biosynthesis that results into declined SA level which might be related with their toxicity. However, SA-pretreatment might act as a signal that reduces oxidative stress by triggering up-regulation of antioxidants hence improved growth and photosynthesis noticed. Alleviation of UV-B toxicity by D1 suggests about hormesis that triggers SA biosynthesis and hence protection against both doses of UV-B was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Pratap Singh
- Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, Korea, Chhattisgarh 497335, India.
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, India.
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