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Lopes APR, Andrade AL, Pinheiro ADA, de Sousa LS, Malveira EA, Oliveira FFM, de Albuquerque CC, Teixeira EH, de Vasconcelos MA. Lippia grata Essential Oil Acts Synergistically with Ampicillin Against Staphylococcus aureus and its Biofilm. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:176. [PMID: 38755426 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a global challenge as microorganisms evolve to withstand the effects of antibiotics. In addition, the improper use of antibiotics significantly contributes to the AMR acceleration. Essential oils have garnered attention for their antimicrobial potential. Indeed, essential oils extracted from plants contain compounds that exhibit antibacterial activity, including against resistant microorganisms. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the essential oil (EO) extracted from Lippia grata and its combination with ampicillin against Staphylococcus aureus strains (ATCC 25923, ATCC 700698, and JKD6008). The plant material (leaves) was gathered in Mossoro, RN, and the EO was obtained using the hydrodistillation method with the Clevenger apparatus. The antimicrobial activity of the EO was assessed through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Antibiofilm activity was evaluated by measuring biomass using crystal violet (CV) staining, viable cell counting, and analysis of preformed biofilms. In addition, the synergistic effects of the EO in combination with ampicillin were examined by scanning electron and confocal microscopy. The EO displayed a MIC value of 2.5 mg/mL against all tested S. aureus strains and an MBC only against S. aureus JKD6008 at 2.5 mg/mL. L. grata EO caused complete biofilm inhibition at concentrations ranging from 10 to 0.312 mg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and 10 to 1.25 mg/mL against S. aureus ATCC 700698 and S. aureus JKD6008. In the viable cell quantification assay, there was a reduction in CFU ranging from 1.0 to 8.0 logs. The combination of EO with ampicillin exhibited a synergistic effect against all strains. Moreover, the combination showed a significantly inhibiting biofilm formation and eradicating preformed biofilms. Furthermore, the EO and ampicillin (individually and in combination) altered the cellular morphology of S. aureus cells. Regarding the mechanism, the results revealed that L. grata EO increased membrane permeability and caused significant membrane damage. Concerning the synergy mechanism, the results revealed that the combination of EO and ampicillin increases membrane permeability and causes considerable membrane damage, further inhibiting bacteria synergistically. The findings obtained here suggest that L. grata EO in combination with ampicillin could be a viable treatment option against S. aureus infections, including MRSA strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Lopes Andrade
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia E Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Aryane de Azevedo Pinheiro
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia E Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Centro Universitário Inta - UNINTA, Itapipoca, CE, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Silva de Sousa
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia E Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ellen Araújo Malveira
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia E Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson Holanda Teixeira
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia E Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mayron Alves de Vasconcelos
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas E Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia E Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Educação de Itapipoca, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Itapipoca, CE, Brazil.
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Iobbi V, Parisi V, Lanteri AP, Maggi N, Giacomini M, Drava G, Minuto G, Minuto A, Tommasi ND, Bisio A. NMR Metabolite Profiling for the Characterization of Vessalico Garlic Ecotype and Bioactivity against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1170. [PMID: 38732385 PMCID: PMC11085173 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The Italian garlic ecotype "Vessalico" possesses distinct characteristics compared to its French parent cultivars Messidor and Messidrôme, used for sowing, as well as other ecotypes in neighboring regions. However, due to the lack of a standardized seed supply method and cultivation protocol among farmers in the Vessalico area, a need to identify garlic products that align with the Vessalico ecotype arises. In this study, an NMR-based approach followed by multivariate analysis to analyze the chemical composition of Vessalico garlic sourced from 17 different farms, along with its two French parent cultivars, was employed. Self-organizing maps allowed to identify a homogeneous subset of representative samples of the Vessalico ecotype. Through the OPLS-DA model, the most discriminant metabolites based on values of VIP (Variable Influence on Projections) were selected. Among them, S-allylcysteine emerged as a potential marker for distinguishing the Vessalico garlic from the French parent cultivars by NMR screening. Additionally, to promote sustainable agricultural practices, the potential of Vessalico garlic extracts and its main components as agrochemicals against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, responsible for black rot disease, was explored. The crude extract exhibited a MIC of 125 μg/mL, and allicin demonstrated the highest activity among the tested compounds (MIC value of 31.25 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Iobbi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Anna Paola Lanteri
- CERSAA Centro di Sperimentazione e Assistenza Agricola, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy; (A.P.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Norbert Maggi
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Science, University of Genova, via Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy; (N.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mauro Giacomini
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Science, University of Genova, via Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy; (N.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Giuliana Drava
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Giovanni Minuto
- CERSAA Centro di Sperimentazione e Assistenza Agricola, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy; (A.P.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Minuto
- CERSAA Centro di Sperimentazione e Assistenza Agricola, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy; (A.P.L.); (G.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Angela Bisio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (G.D.)
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Hakalová E, Tekielska DA, Wohlmuth J, Čechová J. Management of bacterial blight of carrots by phenolic compounds treatment. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299105. [PMID: 38557606 PMCID: PMC10984397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial blight is a serious disease of carrot production worldwide. Under favorable conditions, the causal organism Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae causes serious loss especially in seed production because of its seed-borne character. Unlike fungal diseases, the treatment of bacterial diseases is limited and methods such as hot water or sodium hypochlorite (bleach) treatment are mainly used by seed companies. Here, we compared the efficacy of hot water treatment, sodium hypochlorite treatment and treatment with three phenolic compounds-carvacrol, thymol and eugenol, to eliminate Xanthomonas growth in vitro and subsequently in vivo on seeds of Xhc low, medium and highly infested carrot seed lots. The complete elimination of Xhc from germinated plants was obtained only for Xhc low infested seed lot with 1% sodium hypochlorite and carvacrol solutions in concentrations of 0.0196%- 0.313%. The significant reduction of Xhc presence in germinated plants of Xhc medium infested seed lot was achieved with 1% sodium hypochlorite treatment and hot water treatment. However, hot water treatment resulted in a significant reduction of seed germination percentage as well. Considering the elimination of Xhc infection from germinated plants and the effect on seed germination and plant vigor, 0.0196% carvacrol solution was suggested as an alternative to 1% sodium hypochlorite treatment regarding additional costs related to the liquidation of used treated water and to hot water treatment that has been proved to be insufficient to obtain disease-free plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Hakalová
- Mendeleum–Department of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Dorota A. Tekielska
- Mendeleum–Department of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Wohlmuth
- Mendeleum–Department of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Čechová
- Mendeleum–Department of Genetics, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Lednice, Czech Republic
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Rodrigues TC, Gois IB, Fernandes RPM, Blank AF, Sandes RDD, Leite Neta MTS, Narain N, Arrigoni-Blank MDF. Chemical characterization and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Croton grewioides Baill. accessions on the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105454. [PMID: 37248000 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Croton grewioides Baill. is an aromatic species with proven bioactive properties. Considering the potential of the species, the aim of this study was to chemically characterize and evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of the essential oils of C. grewioides on Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. The essential oils of the accessions of C. grewioides were extracted by the hydrodistillation method and analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. For determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the essential oils and of the compound eugenol, the microdilution method was used at concentrations that ranged from 125 to 4000 μg.mL-1. Streptomycin sulfate was used as a positive control (12.5 to 100 μg.mL-1). Growth kinetics and the membrane permeability trial were evaluated for the concentrations 2×, 1×, 1/2×, 1/4×, and 1/8× MIC of the essential oil CGR-108. The major compounds identified in the essential oils were eugenol, methyl eugenol, and methyl chavicol. The essential oil of the accession CGR-108 had a lower MIC (> 500 and < 1000 μg.mL-1) and MBC equal to <2000 μg.mL-1. For eugenol, MIC was obtained with contractions >250 and < 500 μg.mL-1 and MBC with >500 μg.mL-1 and < 1000 μg.mL-1. A loss of cell viability of the bacteria was observed after 30 min of exposure to the essential oil of the accession CGR-108 at the concentrations of 2× and 1× MIC, which was proven by the fluorescence intensity with propidium iodide. The essential oils of Croton grewioides Baill. and the compound eugenol show antibacterial potential on Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taíse Conceição Rodrigues
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, 4100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Itamara Bomfim Gois
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, 4100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Arie Fitzgerald Blank
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, 4100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Rafael Donizete Dutra Sandes
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, 4100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Narendra Narain
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, 4100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Arrigoni-Blank
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon s/n, 4100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil.
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Lin H, Liang Y, Kaliaperumal K, Xiong Q, Duan S, Jiang Y, Zhang J. Linoleic acid from the endophytic fungus Diaporthe sp. HT-79 inhibits the growth of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri by destructing the cell membrane and producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:105423. [PMID: 37105613 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Citrus canker disease caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac) severely influences the quality and quantity of citrus fruits. The current management of this disease mainly relies on the application of copper-associated chemicals, which poses a threat to human health and the environment. The present study isolated an endophytic fungus HT-79 from the healthy navel orange tree, whose crude fermentation product significantly inhibited the growth of Xac. The strain HT-79 was identified as a species of the Diaporthe genus. The petroleum ether extract (PEE) of the crude fermentation product of HT-79 exhibited remarkable activity against Xac with a MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) value of 0.0625 mg/mL, significantly better than the positive control CuSO4 (MIC = 0.125 mg/mL). Bioassay-guided isolation of PEE resulted in the discovery of one highly potent anti-Xac subfraction, namely fraction 5 (MIC = 0.0156 mg/mL). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that fraction 5 mainly consisted of palmitic acid (18.17%), ethyl palmitate (15.66%), linoleic acid (6.80%), oleic acid (18.32%), ethyl linoleate (21.58%), ethyl oleate (15.87%), and ethyl stearate (3.60%). Among these seven compounds, linoleic acid (MIC = 0.0078 mg/mL) was found to be the most potent against Xac, followed by oleic acid (MIC = 0.0156 mg/mL), while all others were less pronounced than CuSO4. Linoleic acid highly inhibited the growth of Xac via the destruction of the cell membrane and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A preliminary in vivo experiment revealed that linoleic acid was effective in the control of citrus canker disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Kumaravel Kaliaperumal
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Qin Xiong
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shuo Duan
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Navel Orange, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China; South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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Liu Z, Wang H, Wang J, Lv J, Xie B, Luo S, Wang S, Zhang B, Li Z, Yue Z, Yu J. Physical, chemical, and biological control of black rot of brassicaceae vegetables: A review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1023826. [PMID: 36504826 PMCID: PMC9726911 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1023826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the important sources of human nutrition, Brassicaceae vegetables are widely grown worldwide. Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) seriously affects the quality and yield of Brassicaceae vegetables. Therefore, it is important to study control methods of Xcc for Brassicaceae vegetable production. This paper reviews the physical, chemical, and biological control methods of Xcc in Brassicaceae vegetables developed in recent years, and the underlying mechanisms of control methods are also discussed. Based on our current knowledge, future research directions for Xcc control are also proposed. This review also provides a reference basis for the control of Xcc in the field cultivation of Brassicaceae vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Institute of Biology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bojie Xie
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shilei Luo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaozhuang Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Yue
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jihua Yu,
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Liu Z. A review of plant antipathogenic constituents: Source, activity and mechanism. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105225. [PMID: 36464345 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Green prevention and control of plant pathogens is a development direction of sustainable and low-carbon agriculture given the limitation of traditional chemicals. Plant-derived antipathogenic constituents (PAPCs) exhibit the advantages of being environmental benign and a broad spectrum of target pathogens over traditional chemicals. Here, we review the research advances on plant sources, chemical compositions, activities of antipathogenic constituents in the past 20 years. Reported PAPCs are classified into categories of phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and antimicrobial peptides. Angiosperms, gymnosperms and some lower plants are the main plant source of detected PAPCs. The PAPCs act on pathogens through multiple pathways including destroying cell structures, blocking key composition synthesis and inhibiting cell metabolism. The development trends of PAPCs are finally prospected. This review serves as a comprehensive review on the study of plant antipathogenic constituents and a key reference for forecasting the source, characteristic and activity of PAPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Wang
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongdong Xu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Laboratory of Environment-Enhancing Energy (E2E), Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Hakalová E, Čechová J, Tekielska DA, Eichmeier A, Pothier JF. Combined effect of thyme and clove phenolic compounds on Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and biocontrol of black rot disease on cabbage seeds. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1007988. [PMID: 36386705 PMCID: PMC9650141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1007988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The seed-borne bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) as a causal organism of black rot disease remains the most serious bacterial problem of agricultural production of cruciferous plants worldwide. The eradication of a primary inoculum originating in seeds is available, but no treatment is totally effective. With the threat of developing chemical resistance and increasing pressure for sustainable disease management, biocontrol methods represent one of the main strategies currently applied in agriculture. Natural antimicrobials, including essential oils, are promising tools in disease management with low risks of environmental pollution and impact on human health. Thyme and clove essential oils were demonstrated to be highly effective in Xanthomonas studies in vitro; therefore, their application in black rot control was evaluated in this study. From five phenolic substances originating from thyme and clove essential oils (carvacrol, eugenol, linalool, p-cymene and thymol), the most promising in vitro results were observed with carvacrol, for which 0.0195% led to the death of all Xcc cells in 30 min. Moreover, a synergistic antibacterial effect of carvacrol and thymol solutions decreased the minimal inhibition concentration to 0.0049% and 0.0195% for carvacrol and thymol, respectively. Using the quadruple bactericidal values, the complete elimination of Xcc from the surface of infested cabbage seeds was obtained for both carvacrol and thymol solutions and their combined mixture at 2 MIC value. The elimination of bacterial infection from germinated cabbage plants was observed for both plate counting and quantitative real-time PCR methods. We also evaluated the effect of the application of phenolic treatment on the seed germination and germinated plants. Our results suggest a high potential of the application of carvacrol and thymol in vegetable seed production, specifically for cabbage, thus representing a suitable alternative to cupric derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Hakalová
- Mendeleum – Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Eliška Hakalová,
| | - Jana Čechová
- Mendeleum – Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Ales Eichmeier
- Mendeleum – Institute of Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Joël F. Pothier
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Wädenswil, Switzerland
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Thymol Disrupts Cell Homeostasis and Inhibits the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:8743096. [PMID: 36034206 PMCID: PMC9392601 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8743096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a typical kind of symbiotic bacteria, which can cause human pneumonia, food poisoning, and other health problems. Nowadays, the corresponding prevention and treatment have been a hot issue of general concern in related research areas. However, the mechanism of action against S. aureus is not well understood. In order to tackle such problem, we used broth microdilution to discuss the antibacterial effect of 5-methyl-2-isopropylphenol and determine inhibitory concentration. In addition, membrane potential and lipid peroxidation levels were also measured under experimental conditions. The experimental results suggested that 300 μg/mL thymol might cause cell membrane damage and decrease of NADPH concentration and increase of NADP+ and lipid peroxidation level. In such condition, thymol has the potential to result in membrane rupture and disruption of cellular homeostasis. Furthermore, we also found that NOX2 is involved in maintaining the balance of NADPH/NADP+ in cells. Finally, our work confirms that NOX2 is a potential downstream target for thymol in the cell. Such target can provide specific guidance and recommendations for its application in antifungal activity. Meanwhile, our study also provides a new inspiration for the molecular mechanism of thymol's bacteriostatic action.
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Şahin B, Aydin R, Soylu S, Türkmen M, Kara M, Akkaya A, Çetin H, Ayyıldız E. The effect of thymus syriacus plant extract on the main physical and antibacterial activities of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by SILAR method. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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de Jesús Calva-Cruz O, Badillo-Larios NS, De León-Rodríguez A, Espitia-Rangel E, González-García R, Turrubiartes-Martinez EA, Castro-Gallardo A, Barba de la Rosa AP. Lippia graveolens HBK oleoresins, extracted by supercritical fluids, showed bactericidal activity against multidrug resistance Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus strains. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:1546-1555. [PMID: 34791982 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.2008417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to characterize Lippia graveolens oleoresins, obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), from crops collected at different locations in Mexico. The antimicrobial effect of oleoresins was tested in reference strains and clinical isolates of susceptible and multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. SIGNIFICANCE The increasing of MDR strains is becoming a global public health problem that has led to the search for new treatments, and essential oils have resurged as a source of compounds with bactericidal functions. Oregano essential oil has attracted attention recently, however, this oil is mainly obtained by hydro-distillation (uses large amounts of water) or solvents extraction (potential contaminant). SFE has gained popularity as it represents an environmentally friendly technology. METHODS L. graveolens oleoresins were obtained by SFE, total phenol contents were quantified by Folin-Ciocalteu method, the identification of compounds and thymol and carvacrol quantification was carried out by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity was tested by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). RESULTS SFE showed higher yields compared with the hydro-distillation process. L. graveolens grown in different Mexican locations showed differences in oleoresin composition and a slightly different antimicrobial capacity against clinical isolates. CONCLUSIONS It was demonstrated that SFE is an efficient technology for extracting L. graveolens oleoresins. Additionally, the solvent-free extraction method and the observed antimicrobial effect, increases the applications of these oleoresins in fields such as cosmetics, food industry, medicine, amongst others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar de Jesús Calva-Cruz
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78216, México
| | - Nallely S Badillo-Larios
- CICSaB, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78212, México
| | - Antonio De León-Rodríguez
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78216, México
| | - Eduardo Espitia-Rangel
- INIFAP, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias. Campo Experimental Valle de México, km 13.5 Carr. Los Reyes-Texcoco, Coatlinchán, Texcoco Estado de México, C.P. 56250, México
| | - Raúl González-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78210, México
| | - Edgar Alejandro Turrubiartes-Martinez
- CICSaB, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona 550, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78212, México.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78210, México
| | - Arnulfo Castro-Gallardo
- Centro de Investigación para los Recursos Naturales, Antigua Normal Rural de Salaices, Municipio de López, Chihuahua, C.P. 33943, México
| | - Ana Paulina Barba de la Rosa
- IPICYT, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., C.P. 78216, México
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12
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Mo F, Hu X, Ding Y, Li R, Long Y, Wu X, Li M. Naturally produced magnolol can significantly damage the plasma membrane of Rhizoctonia solani. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104942. [PMID: 34446208 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight is a destructive fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. To find a safe and green measure, the biological activity of six plant extracts against R. solani was determined by mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that magnolol possessed better antifungal activities against R. solani, with an EC50 value of 7.47 mg/L. further action mechanism of magnolol against R. solani was carried out. Studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the morphology of R. solani mycelia was deformation and surface folds. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation on treated R. solani showed that magnolol could induce cytoplasmic membrane rupture and cytoplasmic membrane even disappeared completely accompanied with cellular debris was covered around this fungal, and the mycelia treated with magnolol showed fluorescence after PI staining. Further study showed that the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and relative conductivity of mycelia were increased, while the content of soluble protein and activities of catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and NAD-malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH) were significantly decreased. These results indicated that magnolol could significantly damage the plasma membrane of R. solani, and interfere with cell respiratory metabolism, thus inhibiting the growth of mycelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixu Mo
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xianfeng Hu
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Youhua Long
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaomao Wu
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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13
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Oliveira TNS, Silva-Filho CMS, Malveira EA, Aguiar TKB, Santos HS, Albuquerque CC, Morais MB, Teixeira EH, Vasconcelos MA. Antifungal and antibiofilm activities of the essential oil of leaves from Lippia gracilis Schauer against phytopathogenic fungi. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1117-1129. [PMID: 32961612 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal and antibiofilm effects of essential oil (EO) from leaves of Lippia gracilis and its major constituents, thymol and carvacrol, against phytopathogenic fungi. METHODS AND RESULTS The leaves of L. gracilis were hydrodistilled to obtain the EO and the chemical composition was determined by GC/MS analysis. The antifungal activity of EO of L. gracilis was evaluated on the vegetative and mycelial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. In addition, the ability of the oil to inhibit fungal biofilm formation was assessed by total biomass quantification using crystal violet staining, analysis of metabolic activity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover the antifungal and antibiofilm activities of the monoterpenes, thymol and carvacrol, present in EO of L. gracilis were evaluated against F. oxysporum. The analysis of the chemical composition of EO extracted from L. gracilis, revealed the presence of monoterpenes (94·13%), which included carvacrol (48·57%) and thymol (7·78%), and 4 sesquiterpenes (3·74%). In general, EO showed significant antifungal activity and inhibited the formation of fungal biofilms. Furthermore, thymol and carvacrol showed significant antifungal and antibiofilm activities against F. oxysporum. SEM images showed structural changes in fungal morphology upon treatment with EO of L. gracilis. CONCLUSION The results presented in this study showed promising antifungal and antibiofilm effects of EO of L. gracilis and its major components, carvacrol and thymol. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings indicate that the EO extracted from L. gracilis, and the monoterpenes, carvacrol and thymol have a great potential as antifungal and antibiofilm agents. Furthermore, this is the first report of the antibiofilm activity of the EO of L. gracilis and its major components against phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N S Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - C M S Silva-Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - E A Malveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - T K B Aguiar
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - H S Santos
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Sobral, CE, Brazil.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Crato, CE, Brazil.,Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - C C Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - M B Morais
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - E H Teixeira
- Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - M A Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Naturais, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.,Laboratório Integrado de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.,Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Unidade de Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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14
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Studies on the anti-proliferative and anti-quorum sensing potentials of Myrtus communis L. essential oil for the improved microbial stability of salmon-based products. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Da Silva RS, De Oliveira MMG, Silva KP, Da Silva Vasconcelos Rodrigues I, Dos Santos Pinto V, Blank AF, Fernandes RPM. Synergistic effect of Cordia curassavica Jacq. essential oils association against the phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4376-4389. [PMID: 31832936 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of pesticides applied to treat diseases caused by bacteria has caused serious environmental problems. There are few fungicides/bactericides for the treatment of plant diseases caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), and only two natural products with general bactericidal/fungicidal use are available on the market. Thus, this study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs), and their combinations, from five distinct genotypes of Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult (Syn. Varronia curassavica Jacq.) (CCUR) against Xcc. GC/MS chemical analysis revealed α-pinene, sabinene, (E)-caryophyllene, ar-curcumene, β-sesquiphellandrene, 7-cyclodecen-1-one, and ar-Turmerone as the major compounds of the five EOs of CCUR. All EOs showed growth inhibition of Xcc with minimum inhibitory concentration between 500 and 1000 μg mL-1. The associations between two EOs from different CCUR genotypes showed that 70% of the total combinations had an additive effect. However, the combinations between CCUR-002 × (-302, -202) and CCUR-302 × (-601) showed a synergistic effect, with mean fractional inhibitory concentration FIC50 values of 0.28, 0.42, and 0.40, respectively. This study demonstrates that combinations of C. curassavica EOs have antimicrobial activity and a potential to be used in the control of black rot. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Salomão Da Silva
- Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Kleiton Paulo Silva
- Laboratório de Enzimologia, Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Vanderson Dos Santos Pinto
- Laboratório de Recursos Genéticos e Óleos Essenciais, Departamento de Engenharia Agronômica, Universidade federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Arie Fitzgerald Blank
- Laboratório de Recursos Genéticos e Óleos Essenciais, Departamento de Engenharia Agronômica, Universidade federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, 49100-000, Brazil
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Zahović I, Rončević Z, Đuran J, Mitrović I, Grahovac J, Dodić S. Production of biobactericides for crucifers Black rot control: Effect of nitrogen sources. FOOD AND FEED RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.5937/ffr2001013z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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