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Li J, Liu J, Peng L, Liu J, Xu L, He J, Sun L, Shen G, He L. Functional analysis of SDR112C1 associated with fenpropathrin tolerance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval). INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38926942 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) are ubiquitously distributed across diverse organisms and play pivotal roles in the growth, as well as endogenous and exogenous metabolism of various substances, including drugs. The expression levels of SDR genes are reportedly upregulated in the fenpropathrin (FEN)-resistant (FeR) strain of Tetranychus cinnabarinus. However, the functions of these SDR genes in acaricide tolerance remain elusive. In this study, the activity of SDRs was found to be significantly higher (2.26-fold) in the FeR strain compared to the susceptible strain (SS) of T. cinnabarinus. A specific upregulated SDR gene, named SDR112C1, exhibited significant overexpression (3.13-fold) in the FeR population compared with that in the SS population. Furthermore, the expression of SDR112C1 showed a significant increase in the response to FEN induction. Additionally, knockdown of the SDR112C1 gene resulted in decreased SDR activity and reduced mite viability against FEN. Importantly, heterologous expression and in vitro incubation assays confirmed that recombinant SDR112C1 could effectively deplete FEN. Moreover, the overexpression of the SDR112C1 gene in Drosophila melanogaster significantly decreased the toxicity of FEN to transgenic fruit flies. These findings suggest that the overexpression of SDR SDR112C1 is a crucial factor contributing to FEN tolerance in T. cinnabarinus. This discovery not only enhances our understanding of SDR-mediated acaricide tolerance but also introduces a new family of detoxification enzymes to consider in practice, beyond cytochrome P450s, carboxyl/choline esterases and glutathione S-transferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialu Liu
- Key Scientific Research Base of Pest and Mold Control of Heritage Collection (Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum), State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Chongqing, China
| | - Lishu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangmao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Ren M, Wang Y, Duan Y, Gao Y, Liu Z, Zhang P, Fan R, Zhou X. The development of an egg-soaking method for delivering dsRNAs into spider mites. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105905. [PMID: 38685227 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the first sprayable RNAi biopesticide, Ledprona, against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, has been registered at the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae), a group of destructive agricultural and horticultural pests, are notorious for rapid development of insecticide/acaricide resistance. The management options, on the other hand, are extremely limited. RNAi-based biopesticides offer a promising control alternative to address this emerging issue. In this study, we i) developed an egg-soaking dsRNA delivery method; ii) evaluated the factors influencing RNAi efficiency, and finally iii) investigated the potential mode of entry of this newly developed egg-soaking RNAi method. In comparison to other dsRNA delivery methods, egg-soaking method was the most efficient, convenient/practical, and cost-effective method for delivering dsRNAs into spider mites. RNAi efficiency of this RNAi method was affected by target genes, dsRNA concentration, developmental stages, and mite species. In general, the hawthorn spider mite, Amphitetranychus viennensis, is more sensitive to RNAi than the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, and both of them have dose-dependent RNAi effect. For different life stages, egg and larvae are the most sensitive life stages to dsRNAs. For different target genes, there is no apparent association between the suppression level and the resultant phenotype. Finally, we demonstrated that this egg-soaking RNAi method acts as both stomach and contact toxicity. Our combined results demonstrate the effectiveness of a topically applied dsRNA delivery method, and the potential of a spray induced gene silencing (SIGS) method as a control alternative for spider mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yuying Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhonghuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meifeng Ren
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanpeng Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yue Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhongfang Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Pengjiu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Renjun Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, School of Integrative Biology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA..
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Li Z, Wang L, Yi T, Liu D, Li G, Jin DC. The nuclear receptor gene E75 plays a key role in regulating the molting process of the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 92:1-11. [PMID: 38112881 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor gene Ecdysone-induced protein 75 (E75), as the component of ecdysone response genes in the ecdysone signaling pathway, has important regulatory function for insect molting. However, the regulatory function of E75 during the molting process of spider mites is not yet clear. In this study, the expression pattern of E75 in the molting process of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae was analyzed. The results showed that there was a peak at 8 h post-molting, followed by a decline 8 h after entering each respective quiescent stage across various developmental stages. During the deutonymph stage, the expression dynamics of E75, observed at 4-h intervals, indicated that the transcript levels of TuE75 peaked at 24 h, coinciding with the onset of molting in the mites. To investigate the function of TuE75 during the molting process, silencing TuE75 through dsRNA injection into deutonymph mites at the age of 8 h yielded a notable outcome: 78% of the deutonymph mites were unable to progress to the adult stage. Among these phenotypic mites, 37% were incapable of transitioning into the quiescent state and eventually succumbed after a certain period. An additional 41% of the mites successfully entered the quiescent state but encountered difficulties in shedding the old epidermis, leading to eventual mortality. In summary, these results suggested that TuE75 plays a key role in the molting process of T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tianci Yi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Dao-Chao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Smeele ZE, Baty JW, Lester PJ. Effects of Deformed Wing Virus-Targeting dsRNA on Viral Loads in Bees Parasitised and Non-Parasitised by Varroa destructor. Viruses 2023; 15:2259. [PMID: 38005935 PMCID: PMC10674661 DOI: 10.3390/v15112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Varroa destructor mite is a devastating parasite of honey bees; however the negative effects of varroa parasitism are exacerbated by its role as an efficient vector of the honey bee pathogen, Deformed wing virus (DWV). While no direct treatment for DWV infection is available for beekeepers to use on their hives, RNA interference (RNAi) has been widely explored as a possible biopesticide approach for a range of pests and pathogens. This study tested the effectiveness of three DWV-specific dsRNA sequences to lower DWV loads and symptoms in honey bees reared from larvae in laboratory mini-hives containing bees and varroa. The effects of DWV-dsRNA treatment on bees parasitised and non-parasitised by varroa mites during development were investigated. Additionally, the impact of DWV-dsRNA on viral loads and gene expression in brood-parasitising mites was assessed using RNA-sequencing. Bees parasitised during development had significantly higher DWV levels compared to non-parasitised bees. However, DWV-dsRNA did not significantly reduce DWV loads or symptoms in mini-hive reared bees, possibly due to sequence divergence between the DWV variants present in bees and varroa and the specific DWV-dsRNA sequences used. Varroa mites from DWV-dsRNA treated mini-hives did not show evidence of an elevated RNAi response or significant difference in DWV levels. Overall, our findings show that RNAi is not always successful, and multiple factors including pathogen diversity and transmission route may impact its efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E. Smeele
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; (J.W.B.); (P.J.L.)
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Wei P, Zeng X, Han H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, He L. Alternative splicing of a carboxyl/choline esterase gene enhances the fenpropathrin tolerance of Tetranychus cinnabarinus. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1255-1266. [PMID: 36544383 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Detoxification plays a crucial role in agricultural pests to withstand pesticides, and cytochrome P450s, carboxyl/choline esterases (CCEs), and glutathione-S-transferases are the main proteins responsible for their detoxification ability. The activity of CCEs can be upregulated, downregulated, or modified by mutation. However, few studies have examined the role of alternative splicing in altering the properties of CCEs. We identified 2 variants of TcCCE23 in Tetranychus cinnabarinus: a long version (CCE23-V1) and a short version that is 18 nucleotides shorter than CCE23-V1 (CCE23-V2). Whether splicing affects the activity of TcCCE23 remains unclear. Overexpression of CCE23-V2 in fenpropathrin-resistant T. cinnabarinus revealed that splicing affected the detoxification of fenpropathrin by CCE23-V2. The mortality of mites was significantly higher when the expression of CCE23-V2 was knocked down (43.2% ± 3.3%) via injection of CCE23-dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) compared with the control group injected with green fluorescent protein-dsRNA under fenpropathrin exposure; however, the downregulation of CCE23-V1 (61.3% ± 6.3%) by CCE23-small interfering RNA had no such effect, indicating CCE23-V2 plays a greater role in xenobiotic metabolism than CCE23-V1. The tolerance of flies overexpressing CCE23-V2 to fenpropathrin (50% lethal dose [LD50 ] = 19.47 μg/g) was significantly higher than that of Gal4/UAS-CCE23-V1 transgenic flies (LD50 = 13.11 μg/g). Molecular docking analysis showed that splicing opened a "gate" that enlarges the substrate binding cavity of CCE23-V2, might enhance the ability of CCE23-V2 to harbor fenpropathrin molecules. These findings suggest that splicing might enhance the detoxifying capability of TcCCE23. Generally, our data improve the understanding of the diversity and complexity of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinying Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haonan Han
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Wang L, Li Z, Yi T, Li G, Smagghe G, Jin D. Ecdysteroid Biosynthesis Halloween Gene Spook Plays an Important Role in the Oviposition Process of Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14797. [PMID: 37834248 PMCID: PMC10573261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In insects, the ecdysteroid hormone regulates development and reproduction. However, its function in the reproduction process of spider mites is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of the Halloween gene Spook on the oviposition of the reproduction process in a spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. The expression patterns of the ecdysteroid biosynthesis and signaling pathway genes, as analyzed by RT-qPCR, showed that the expression pattern of the Halloween genes was similar to the oviposition pattern of the female mite and the expression patterns of the vitellogenesis-related genes TuVg and TuVgR, suggesting that the Halloween genes are involved in the oviposition of spider mites. To investigate the function of the ecdysteroid hormone on the oviposition of the reproduction process, we carried out an RNAi assay against the Halloween gene Spook by injection in female mites. Effective silencing of TuSpo led to a significant reduction of oviposition. In summary, these results provide an initial study on the effect of Halloween genes on the reproduction in T. urticae and may be a foundation for a new strategy to control spider mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tianci Yi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Gang Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Daochao Jin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (T.Y.); (G.S.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
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Das J, Kumar R, Shah V, Sharma AK. Functional characterization of chitin synthesis pathway genes, HaAGM and HaUAP, reveal their crucial roles in ecdysis and survival of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105273. [PMID: 36464378 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The chitin metabolic pathway is one of the most lucrative targets for designing pest management regimes. Inhibition of the chitin synthesis pathway causes detrimental effects on the normal growth and development of insects. Phospho-N-acetylglucosamine mutase (AGM) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP) are two key chitin biosynthesis enzymes in insects including Helicoverpa armigera, a pest of global significance. In the present study, we have identified, cloned and recombinantly expressed AGM and UAP from H. armigera (HaAGM and HaUAP). Biochemical characterization of recombinant HaAGM and HaUAP exhibited high affinities for their natural substrates N-acetyl glucosamine-6-phosphate (Km 38.72 ± 2.41) and N-acetyl glucosamine-1-phosphate (Km 3.66 ± 0.13), respectively. In the coupled enzyme-catalytic assay, HaAGM and HaUAP yielded the end-products, inorganic pyrophosphate and UDP-GlcNAc, confirming their active participation in the chitin synthesis pathway of H. armigera. Gene expression profiling revealed that HaAGM and HaUAP genes were expressed in all developmental stages and key tissues. These genes also showed substantial responses towards the moulting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone and chitin biosynthesis inhibitor, novaluron. Remarkably, the RNAi-mediated knockdown of either HaAGM or HaUAP led to severe developmental deformities and significant mortality ranging from 65.61 to 72.54%. Overall findings suggest that HaAGM and HaUAP play crucial roles in the ecdysis and survival of H. armigera. Further, these genes could serve as potential targets for designing pest management strategies for H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Das
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek Shah
- ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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Bensoussan N, Milojevic M, Bruinsma K, Dixit S, Pham S, Singh V, Zhurov V, Grbić M, Grbić V. Localized efficacy of environmental RNAi in Tetranychus urticae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14791. [PMID: 36042376 PMCID: PMC9427735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental RNAi has been developed as a tool for reverse genetics studies and is an emerging pest control strategy. The ability of environmental RNAi to efficiently down-regulate the expression of endogenous gene targets assumes efficient uptake of dsRNA and its processing. In addition, its efficiency can be augmented by the systemic spread of RNAi signals. Environmental RNAi is now a well-established tool for the manipulation of gene expression in the chelicerate acari, including the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Here, we focused on eight single and ubiquitously-expressed genes encoding proteins with essential cellular functions. Application of dsRNAs that specifically target these genes led to whole mite body phenotypes—dark or spotless. These phenotypes were associated with a significant reduction of target gene expression, ranging from 20 to 50%, when assessed at the whole mite level. Histological analysis of mites treated with orally-delivered dsRNAs was used to investigate the spatial range of the effectiveness of environmental RNAi. Although macroscopic changes led to two groups of body phenotypes, silencing of target genes was associated with the distinct cellular phenotypes. We show that regardless of the target gene tested, cells that displayed histological changes were those that are in direct contact with the dsRNA-containing gut lumen, suggesting that the greatest efficiency of the orally-delivered dsRNAs is localized to gut tissues in T. urticae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bensoussan
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.,Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, 33882, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Maja Milojevic
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kristie Bruinsma
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Sameer Dixit
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.,National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sean Pham
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Miodrag Grbić
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vojislava Grbić
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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