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Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Akram A, Yasmin I, Sharif HR, Nayik GA, Ramniwas S, Siddiqui SA. Compositional profiling and bioefficacy studies of pulses-supplemented isocaloric designer biscuits for recently diagnosed diabetic individuals. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101305. [PMID: 38559441 PMCID: PMC10978483 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study addresses global concerns about diabetes mellitus by exploring a novel approach to manage hyperglycemia through pulses-supplemented designer biscuits. Control and designer biscuits were prepared with varying proportions of wheat flour and pulses (chickpea, mungbean). The pulses-supplemented biscuits exhibited increased protein content and reduced readily available carbohydrates. Selected designer biscuits, with 12.5 % incorporation of chickpea and mungbean pulse flour, demonstrated significantly lower glycemic index (69.17 ± 5.01) and higher satiety index (122.19 ± 8.85) compared to control biscuits. These showed 13 % less glycemic index and 9 % higher satiety index as compared to control biscuits. A four-week bio-efficacy trial involving diabetic subjects consuming these biscuits as a routine snack resulted in an 11.45 % decrease in fasting blood glucose and a 19.15 % reduction in random blood glucose levels. Insulin and HDL levels also significantly improved. The study concludes that these designer biscuits possess a hypoglycemic effect, offering a potential dietary intervention for managing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- Kauser Abdulla Malik School of Life Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Akram
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies (ICBS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Yasmin
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Rizwan Sharif
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Ahmad Nayik
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Government Degree College Shopian, 192303 Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL e.V.), Prof.-von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610, Quakenbrück, Germany
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Nugraheni M, Purwanti S, Ekawatiningsih P. Impact of Analog Rice Derived from Different Composite Flours from Tubers, Germinated Legumes, and Cereals on Improving Serum Markers in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:296-306. [PMID: 34737990 PMCID: PMC8531424 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.3.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of four types of analog rice made from different composite flours in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups and fed different food for six weeks: normal standard food (NSF), diabetic standard food (DSF), diabetic commercial rice (DCR), and diabetic analog rice (DAR) I∼IV. Total phenolic, dietary fiber, and resistant starch contents were evaluated in every analog and commercial type of rice. The parameters studied were fasting blood glucose, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance (IR), HOMA β, lipid profile, atherogenic indexes (AI), weight changes, serum insulin and antioxidant activities. Total phenol, dietary fiber, and resistant starch were higher for analog rice IV than the other three analog rice. In addition, analog rice IV had a greater ability to lower fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels. High density lipoprotein levels increased in all groups fed analog rice, and all diabetic rats fed four types of analog rice had improved weight, antioxidant activity, serum insulin levels, HOMA IR, HOMA β, and AI. Commercial rice consumption did not improve glucose or lipids profiles, antioxidant activity, serum insulin level, HOMA IR, HOMA β, or AI in diabetic mice. These results show that the four types of analog rice significantly improved serum markers in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutiara Nugraheni
- Culinary Art Vocational Education, Faculty of Engineering, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Sutriyati Purwanti
- Culinary Art Vocational Education, Faculty of Engineering, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Prihastuti Ekawatiningsih
- Culinary Art Vocational Education, Faculty of Engineering, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Okaiyeto K, Falade AO, Oguntibeju OO. Traditional Uses, Nutritional and Pharmacological Potentials of Clerodendrum volubile. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091893. [PMID: 34579425 PMCID: PMC8472598 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clerodendrum volubile is an underutilized leafy vegetable consumed in some parts of Nigeria. The interest in C. volubile has continued to increase due to its multipurpose values, including traditional uses, nutritional properties, and some therapeutic potentials; however, the pharmacological prospects of the plant are yet to be fully explored. Therefore, in the present review, different databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, etc. were explored to retrieve publications used to write this review. The pharmacological potentials of C. volubile, such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and anti-hypertensive properties, were highlighted. The toxicological potential of the plant is also discussed. Proposed mechanisms that underline its biological activities include modulation of redox homeostasis, leading to decreased oxidative stress; down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression; inhibition of key enzymes implicated in diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and neurological diseases; and inhibition of oxidative burst and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the prospect of endophytes from C. volubile as a bioresource to produce novel therapeutic agents, as well as the development of nanotherapeutics from the plant extracts and its phytoconstituents, are discussed. In conclusion, C. volubile possesses an enormous number of possible pharmacological properties and therapeutic potentials waiting to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunle Okaiyeto
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ayodeji Osmund Falade
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo 351101, Ondo State, Nigeria;
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
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Erukainure OL, Islam MS. Vernonia amygdalina stimulates muscle glucose uptake and modulates redox activities and functional chemistry in oxidative hepatic injury. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13794. [PMID: 34057221 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous extracts sequentially obtained from the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina were investigated for their antidiabetic and antioxidant protective effect in oxidative hepatic injury. The extracts showed significant (p < .05) free radical scavenging and reducing power activities. They significantly (p < .05) elevated reduced glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities, with concomitant depletion of malondialdehyde level. The ethanol and aqueous extracts caused a removal of oxidative-included chemical functional group at 1,500-1,200 (amide II)/cm region, with the inclusion of a functional group at 3,000-2,800 (carboxylic acid)/cm region. The extracts significantly (p < .05) inhibited the activities of α-glucosidase and α-amylase and stimulated glucose uptake in rat muscles. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis revealed phytol as the predominant compound, with ethanol having the highest concentration. Based on the IC50 values, the ethanol extract exhibited the best activities, followed by the ethyl acetate extract, while the aqueous extract was the least. These results suggest the antioxidative and antidiabetic properties of V. amygdalina as evident by their modulation of antioxidant biomarkers and oxidative-induced chemistry changes and stimulate muscle glucose uptake. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) is amongst the common leafy vegetables in West Africa reported for its various medicinal and nutritional properties. It is utilized as a food ingredient as well as supplement for the treatment and management of type 2 diabetes. The ability of its extracts to stimulate glucose uptake and protect against diabetic-induced changes in the chemical functional groups of the liver gives more credence to its reported antidiabetic properties. Being a common leafy vegetable, V. amygdalina can be a cheap source of nutraceutical for the treatment and management of type 2 diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Xiao X, Erukainure OL, Sanni O, Koorbanally NA, Islam MS. Phytochemical properties of black tea ( Camellia sinensis) and rooibos tea ( Aspalathus linearis); and their modulatory effects on key hyperglycaemic processes and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:4345-4354. [PMID: 33087948 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The comparative phytochemicals, antioxidative and antidiabetic activities of Camellia sinensis (black tea) and Aspalathus linearis (rooibos tea) were studied in vitro and ex vivo. Concentrated infusions of the teas showed significant free radical scavenging activities in vitro. They significantly increased the glutathione level, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities in oxidative hepatic injury, while concomitantly depleting malondialdehyde level. The teas significantly inhibited intestinal glucose absorption and α-amylase activities, and elevated muscle glucose uptake. LCMS phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of hydroxycaffeic acid, l-threonate, caffeine, vanillic acid, n-acetylvaline, and spinacetin 3-glucoside in C. sinensis. While quinolinic acid, coumestrol, phloroglucinol, 8-hydroxyquercetagetin, umbelliferone, and ajoene were identified in A. linearis. These results portray the antioxidant and antidiabetic potencies of both teas, with A. linearis showed better activity compared to C. sinensis. These teas may thus be used as functional foods in the management of diabetes and other oxidative stress related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000 South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300 South Africa
| | - Olakunle Sanni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Neil A Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000 South Africa
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Erukainure OL, Ijomone OM, Chukwuma CI, Xiao X, Salau VF, Islam MS. Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam modulates glucose metabolism, cholinergic activities and Nrf2 expression, while suppressing oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 255:112744. [PMID: 32165174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dacryodes edulis L. is an evergreen tree indigenous to western and eastern Africa which is utilized for nutritional and medicinal purposes. Folklorically, different parts of the tree are used in treating and managing diabetes and its complications. AIMS The antidiabetic effect of the butanol fraction of D. edulis ethanol extract (BFDE) was studied in fructose-streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS The ethanol extract was fractionated to yield the hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions. The in vitro antidiabetic activities of the fractions were determined by their ability to inhibit α-glucosidase activity. BDFE was the most active and showed no cytotoxic effect while stimulating glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thus, selected for in vivo study. Diabetic rats were grouped into 4. The negative control group was administered water only, another group was treated with metformin (200 mg/kg bodyweight), while the other groups were administered BDFE at 150 and 300 mg/kg bodyweight respectively. Two other groups consisting of normal rats were given water and BFDE (300 mg/kg bodyweight) respectively, with the former serving as normal control. After 6 weeks of intervention, the rats were humanely sacrificed using appropriate anaesthesia. RESULTS Treatment with the fraction significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the blood glucose level of the diabetic rats, with concomitant increase in serum insulin secretion. It also caused significant (p < 0.05) elevation of reduced glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, catalase, α-amylase, and ATPase activities, with concomitant depletion in myeloperoxidase activity, NO and MDA levels of the serum and pancreas. The pancreatic morphology and β-cell function were significantly improved in BFDE-treated rats, with restoration of the pancreatic capillary networks. Treatment with BFDE significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the activities of glycogen phosphorylase, fructose 1,6 biphosphatase, glucose 6 phosphatase, and acetylcholinesterase, while suppressing the expression of Nrf2. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, and (-)-epicatechin in the fraction. CONCLUSION These results portray the antidiabetic and antioxidative properties of BFDE, which may be a synergistic consequence of the identified phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | | | - Chika I Chukwuma
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Veronica F Salau
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, (Westville Campus), Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Erukainure OL, Chukwuma CI, Sanni O, Matsabisa MG, Islam MS. Histochemistry, phenolic content, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activities of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract. J Food Biochem 2018; 43:e12737. [PMID: 31353661 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vernonia amygdalina leaves were investigated for their histochemical properties and antidiabetic activities. Histochemical analysis of the leaf revealed distributions of acidic lipid, mucilage, and pectin, lipids, polyphenols, and alkaloids at the mid rib, glandular trichome, and epidermis. HPLC analysis of the leaves hot water infusion revealed the presence of quercetin and (-)-epi-catechin. The infusion had significant (p < 0.05) 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Ex vivo antioxidative analysis revealed the ability of the infusion to increase glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities, while concomitantly depleting malondialdehyde level and DNA fragmentation in Fe2+ -induced hepatic injury. The infusion showed significant (p < 0.05) inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. It also inhibited intestinal glucose absorption and enhanced muscle glucose uptake, respectively. The ability of the infusion to abate oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation and stimulate muscle glucose uptake may suggest the antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, and insulin-sensitizing activity of V. amygdalina. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) is among the common leafy vegetables in West Africa reported for its various medicinal and nutritional properties. It is utilized as a food ingredient as well as supplement for the treatment and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Its ability to inhibit intestinal glucose absorption, enhance muscle glucose uptake, and protect against hepatic oxidative stress gives more credence to its reported antidiabetic properties. Being a common leafy vegetable, V. amygdalina can be a cheap source of nutraceutical for the treatment and management of T2D and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa.,Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Chika I Chukwuma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Olakunle Sanni
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
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Erukainure OL, Narainpersad N, Singh M, Olakunle S, Islam MS. Clerodendrum volubile inhibits key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes but induces cytotoxicity in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells via exacerbated oxidative stress and proinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1144-1152. [PMID: 30119181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity and safety associated with the use of medicinal plants remains a major concern. In this study, the antidiabetic properties of the dichloromethane (DCM) fraction of C. volubile leaves were investigated in vitro. Its cytotoxic effect and mechanism of toxicity were also investigated in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293) cells. The fraction was subjected to in vitro antioxidant assays using the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) protocols. Its enzyme-inhibitory properties were investigated on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis were used to identify its phytoconstituents. Cytotoxicity was determined via MTT assay. The treated cells were assayed for reduced glutathione (GSH), non-protein thiol, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), catalase, myeloperoxidase and ATPase activities. Cell apoptosis and/or morphological changes were determined using the acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining method. The fraction showed significant (p < 0.05) antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory activity. It showed significant (p < 0.05) cytotoxic effect against HEK293 cells with concomitant depletion of antioxidative and elevation of proinflammatory biomarkers. Morphological changes were examined in the cells with an apoptotic index of 0.84. 1,1-Dodecanediol, diacetate was identified as the most predominant compound, while aromatics and amines as the most functional groups present in the fraction. These results suggest the antidiabetic and cytotoxic effects of C. volubile leaves. The toxicity can be attributed to induced oxidative stress and proinflammation with concomitant depletion of ATP leading to apoptosis of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa; Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nicholisha Narainpersad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sanni Olakunle
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Methanolic extract of Celosia argentea var. crista leaves modulates glucose homeostasis and abates oxidative hepatic injury in diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 27:1065-1071. [PMID: 30008637 PMCID: PMC6018588 DOI: 10.1007/s00580-018-2702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Celosia argentea commonly known as cockscomb plant is widely used in folkloric medicine in the treatment and management of diabetes mellitus. The effect of methanolic extract of Celosia argentea var. cristata L. (CAVCL) leaves on blood glucose level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were evaluated in diabetic rats. Five groups of male albino rats consisting of 5 animals each were used for the present study. They were grouped as normal control, diabetic control, diabetic administered with 250 and 750 mg/kg b.w C. argentea, and 5 mg/kg b.w glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced with alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally at 120 mg/kg b.w. The control and diabetic groups were given distilled water and rat chow for 21 days. Blood glucose level of each group was estimated every week, and at the end of the experiment, SOD, CAT, MDA and serum ALP, and AST and ALT activities were assayed in the liver and serum respectively of the experimental animals. The results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum AST, ALP, and ALT activities and reduction in SOD and CAT activities compared with normal control groups. The extract at both doses significantly lowered the high levels of the serum enzymes and increased the level of CAT and SOD. These results indicate an anti-hyperglycemia and antioxidative protective effect of C. argentea leaves.
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Erukainure OL, Hafizur RM, Kabir N, Choudhary MI, Atolani O, Banerjee P, Preissner R, Chukwuma CI, Muhammad A, Amonsou EO, Islam MS. Suppressive Effects of Clerodendrum volubile P Beauv. [Labiatae] Methanolic Extract and Its Fractions on Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:8. [PMID: 29449808 PMCID: PMC5799276 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is the most prominent of all diabetes types, contributing to global morbidity and mortality. Availability and cost of treatment with little or no side effect especially in developing countries, remains a huge burden. This has led to the search of affordable alternative therapies especially from medicinal plants. In this study, the antidiabetic effect of the methanolic extract, dichloromethane (DCM), butanol (BuOH) and aqueous fractions of Clerodendrum volubile leaves were investigated in type 2 diabetic rats for their effect on glucose homeostasis, serum insulin level and hepatic biomarkers, lipid profile, pancreatic redox balance and Ca2+ levels, and β-cell distribution and function. The DCM was further fractionated to isolate the active compounds, biochanin and 5,7,4'-trimethoxykaempferol. They were investigated for their toxicity and ADMET properties, α-glucosidase and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities in silico. There were significant (p < 0.05) decrease in blood glucose, cholesterol, LDL-C, vLDL-C, triglyceride, AST and ALT levels in all treated groups, with DCM fraction showing the best activity. All treated rats showed significantly (p < 0.05) improved anti-oxidative activities. Treatment with the DCM fraction led to significant (p < 0.05) increased serum insulin and pancreatic Ca2+ levels, as well as improved β-cell distribution and function. DCM fraction also showed improved glucose tolerance. DCM fraction dose-dependently inhibited ACE activity. The toxicity class of the isolated compounds was predicted to be 5. They were also predicted to be potent inhibitors of cytochrome P (CYPs) 1A2, 2D6 and 3A4. They docked well with α-glucosidase and ACE. These results indicate the therapeutic potential of the plant against type 2 diabetes, with the DCM fraction being the most potent which may be attributed to the isolated flavones. It further suggests antihypertensive potentials of the DCM fraction. However, inhibition of CYPs by the flavones may suggest caution in usage with other prescribed drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L. Erukainure
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rahman M. Hafizur
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nurul Kabir
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Olubunmi Atolani
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Physiology, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Physiology, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Preissner
- Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute for Physiology, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chika I. Chukwuma
- Department of Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Campus, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Eric O. Amonsou
- Department of Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Campus, Durban, South Africa
| | - Md. Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa
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Dacryodes edulis enhances antioxidant activities, suppresses DNA fragmentation in oxidative pancreatic and hepatic injuries; and inhibits carbohydrate digestive enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Erukainure OL, Hafizur RM, Choudhary MI, Adhikari A, Mesaik AM, Atolani O, Banerjee P, Preissner R, Muhammad A, Islam MS. Anti-diabetic effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of Clerodendrum volubile: protocatechuic acid suppresses phagocytic oxidative burst and modulates inflammatory cytokines. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 86:307-315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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13
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Aggarwal D, Sabikhi L, Lamba H, Chaudhary N, Kapila R. Whole grains and resistant starch rich, reduced-calorie biscuit diet as a hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic and insulin stimulator in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Aggarwal
- Dairy Technology Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal 132001 Haryana India
| | - Latha Sabikhi
- Dairy Technology Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal 132001 Haryana India
| | - Heena Lamba
- Dairy Technology Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal 132001 Haryana India
| | - Neha Chaudhary
- Dairy Technology Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal 132001 Haryana India
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division; National Dairy Research Institute; Karnal 132001 Haryana India
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Ma M, Mu T. Anti-diabetic effects of soluble and insoluble dietary fibre from deoiled cumin in low-dose streptozotocin and high glucose-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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15
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Erukainure OL, Okafor JNC, Ogunji A, Ukazu H, Okafor EN, Eboagwu IL. Bambara-wheat composite flour: rheological behavior of dough and functionality in bread. Food Sci Nutr 2016; 4:852-857. [PMID: 27826435 PMCID: PMC5090649 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rheological behavior and functional properties of doughs from bambara–wheat composite flour was investigated. Bambara–wheat composite flour was prepared by substituting wheat with 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of bambara flour. The rheological behavior of their dough was analyzed with Mixolab. Breads produced from the flour were analyzed for physical characteristics. Organoleptic analysis was carried out by 20 panelists. Mixolab analysis revealed, except for stability time, depreciating values for dough consistency (C1), protein weakening (C2), starch gelatinization (C3), amylase activity (C4), and retrogradation (C5) as the inclusion of bambara flour increased. Physical characteristics of the loaves revealed significant (P < 0.05) decreasing bread volume and increasing specific volume, respectively, as bambara inclusion increased. There was significant (P < 0.05) difference between wheat bread and the bambara–wheat composites in all the studied quality attributes. 15% bambara–wheat composite bread was the most accepted amongst the composite breads. Inclusion of bambara flour improved the protein behavior of the composite, but did not evidently show benefits in the baking characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L Erukainure
- Department of Food Technology Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi Lagos Nigeria
| | - Jane N C Okafor
- Department of Food Technology Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi Lagos Nigeria
| | - Akinyele Ogunji
- Department of Food Technology Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi Lagos Nigeria
| | - Happiness Ukazu
- Department of Food Technology Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi Lagos Nigeria; Department of Food Technology Yaba College of Technology Yaba Lagos Nigeria
| | - Ebele N Okafor
- Department of Food Technology Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi Lagos Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma L Eboagwu
- Department of Food Technology Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi Lagos Nigeria
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16
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Erukainure OL, Ebuehi OAT, Adeboyejo FO, Oladunmoye OO, Aliyu M, Obode OC, Olasehinde T, Elemo GN. Short-Term Feeding of Fibre-Enriched Biscuits: Protective Effect against Hepatotoxicity in Diabetic Rats. Biochem Res Int 2015; 2015:868937. [PMID: 26713163 PMCID: PMC4680109 DOI: 10.1155/2015/868937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of fibre-enriched biscuit on biomarkers associated with hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate. Treatment lasted for 14 days after which the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum was analyzed to determine hepatic function enzymes. The liver was also analyzed to determine hepatic lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes. Induction of diabetes led to elevated levels of ALP, AST, and ALT. These were, however, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the fibre-enriched biscuit fed (treated) group. There was no significant difference in the serum bilirubin and total protein levels of the studied groups. Reduced albumin level was observed in the diabetic group; this was further lowered on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuits. Induction of diabetes led to increased hepatic level of cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and lipid peroxidation and decreased activities of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and HDL level. These were significantly (p < 0.05) reversed on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuit. This study portrays the protective effect of fibre-enriched biscuit on increased oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in hepatic tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko L. Erukainure
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi 100261, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Folasade O. Adeboyejo
- Product Development Programme, Nigeria Institute of Horticultural Research, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Muhammad Aliyu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Okukwe C. Obode
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi 100261, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tosin Olasehinde
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi 100261, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Gloria N. Elemo
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi 100261, Lagos, Nigeria
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Erukainure OL, Okafor O, Ajayi A, Obode O, Ogunji A, Okporua T, Suberu Y, Oke O, Ozumba A, Oluwole O, Elemo G. Developed beverage from roselle calyx and selected fruits modulates β-cell function, improves insulin sensitivity, and attenuates hyperlipidaemia in diabetic rats. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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