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Zygmunt M, Ślusarczyk M, Jankowska A, Świerczek A, Bryła A, Mogilski S, Kazek G, Sapa J, Wyska E, Chłoń-Rzepa G. Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of purine-2,6-dione-based TRPA1 antagonists with PDE4/7 inhibitory activity. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:982-997. [PMID: 35930193 PMCID: PMC9584878 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background To verify the validity of the proposed pain treatment approach, which is based on concomitant blocking of the Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) 4B/7A activity, we continued our pharmacological studies on 8-alkoxypurine-2,6-diones selected based on previous in vitro screening. Methods Derivatives 17, 31, and 36 were pharmacologically evaluated in vivo using the formalin test and oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain: the von Frey and the cold plate tests, and in the carrageenan-induced edema model. Compound 36, which turned out to be the most promising, was further evaluated in the collagen-induced arthritis model. The pharmacokinetic parameters of this compound were also estimated. Results All the tested compounds exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Compound 36 was additionally characterized by an antiarthritic effect and showed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in rats. Conclusion The compounds evaluated in this study represent a new class of derivatives with analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities that involve TRPA1 antagonism and PDE4/7 inhibition. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43440-022-00397-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Zygmunt
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marietta Ślusarczyk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jankowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Świerczek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adrian Bryła
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szczepan Mogilski
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kazek
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str., 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic effects of new 8-aminopurine-2,6-dione-based phosphodiesterase inhibitors as promising anti-asthmatic agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105409. [PMID: 34749117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are currently an extensively studied group of compounds that can bring many benefits in the treatment of various inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, including asthma. Herein, we describe a series of novel N'-phenyl- or N'-benzylbutanamide and N'-arylidenebutanehydrazide derivatives of 8-aminopurine-2,6-dione (27-43) and characterized them as prominent pan-PDE inhibitors. Most of the compounds exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophages RAW264.7. The most active compounds (32-35 and 38) were evaluated in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) derived from asthmatics. To better map the bronchial microenvironment in asthma, HBECs after exposure to selected 8-aminopurine-2,6-dione derivatives were incubated in the presence of two proinflammatory and/or profibrotic factors: transforming growth factor type β (TGF-β) and interleukin 13 (IL-13). Compounds 32-35 and 38 significantly reduced both IL-13- and TGF-β-induced expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators, respectively. Detailed analysis of their inhibition preferences for selected PDEs showed high affinity for isoenzymes important in the pathogenesis of asthma, including PDE1, PDE3, PDE4, PDE7, and PDE8. The presented data confirm that structural modifications within the 7 and 8 positions of the purine-2,6-dione core result in obtaining preferable pan-PDE inhibitors which in turn exert an excellent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effect in the bronchial epithelial cells derived from asthmatic patients. This dual-acting pan-PDE inhibitors constitute interesting and promising lead structures for further anti-asthmatic agent discovery.
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Chłoń-Rzepa G, Ślusarczyk M, Jankowska A, Gawalska A, Bucki A, Kołaczkowski M, Świerczek A, Pociecha K, Wyska E, Zygmunt M, Kazek G, Sałat K, Pawłowski M. Novel amide derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxopurin-7-yl-alkylcarboxylic acids as multifunctional TRPA1 antagonists and PDE4/7 inhibitors: A new approach for the treatment of pain. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:517-533. [PMID: 30245393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel amide derivatives of 1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxopurin-7-yl-alkylcarboxylic acids designed using a structure-based computational approach was synthesized and assayed to evaluate their ability to block human TRPA1 channel and inhibit PDE4B/7A activity. We identified compounds 16 and 27 which showed higher potency against TRPA1 compared to HC-030031. In turn, compound 36 was the most promising multifunctional TRPA1 antagonist and PDE4B/7A dual inhibitor with IC50 values in the range of that of the reference rolipram and BRL-50481, respectively. Compound 36 as a combined TRPA1/PDE4B/PDE7A ligand was characterized by a distinct binding mode in comparison to 16 and 27, in the given protein targets. The inhibition of both cAMP-specific PDE isoenzymes resulted in a strong anti-TNF-α effect of 36in vivo. Moreover, the potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy of 36 was observed in animal models of pain and inflammation (formalin test in mice and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats). This compound also displayed significant antiallodynic properties in the early phase of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice. In turn, the pure TRPA1 antagonists 16 and 27 revealed a statistically significant antiallodynic effect in the formalin test and in the von Frey test performed in both phases of oxaliplatin-induced allodynia. Antiallodynic activity of the test compounds 16, 27 and 36 was observed at a dose range comparable to that of the reference drug - pregabalin. In conclusion, the proposed approach of pain treatment based on the concomitant blocking of TRPA1 channel and PDE4B/7A inhibitory activity appears to be interesting research direction for the future search for novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marietta Ślusarczyk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jankowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Gawalska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Bucki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Świerczek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zygmunt
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kazek
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Pawłowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna str, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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Arshia, Jabeen A, Faheem A, Khan KM, Shah S, Perveen S. Benzophenone Esters and Sulfonates: Synthesis and their Potential as Antiinflammatory Agents. Med Chem 2018; 15:162-174. [PMID: 30081790 DOI: 10.2174/1573406414666180806114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a biological rejoinder of vascular tissues against destructive agents e.g. irritants, damaged cell or pathogens. During inflammation, respiratory burst occurs by activated phagocytes which help to destroy invading pathogens. Phagocytic cells such as neutrophils and macrophages are one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Normally, the redox environment is maintained by various antioxidant defense systems, however, these reactive oxygen species may be destructive and can lead to various pathological conditions. METHODS Benzophenone esters and sulfonates (1-18) were synthesized through one pot synthesis by reacting 4-hydroxy benzophenone either different benzoyl chloride or sulfonyl chloride. These synthetic compounds were evaluated for their in vitro immunosuppressive potential on two parameters of innate immune response including inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). ROS were induced in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) isolated from human whole blood by serum opsonized zymosan stimulation, whereas NO were produced in J774.2 cells by lipopolysachharides (LPS) stimulation. Moreover, cytotoxicity of compounds was also determined using NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells (ATCC, Manassas, USA) was evaluated by using the standard MTT colorimetric assay. RESULTS All compounds inhibited the production of ROS at various extent among which compounds 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13 and 16 were found to be the potent inhibitors of ROS with IC50 values ranging between (1.0 - 2.2 µg/mL) as compared to ibuprofen (IC50 = 2.5 ± 0.6 µg/mL) as the standard drug. Compounds 2, 7, 11, 13, 14 and 18 showed good inhibition of NO production with % inhibition values ranging between (63.6% - 76.7%) at concentration of 25 µg/mL as compared to NG-monomethyl-Larginine (L-NMMA 65.6 ± 1.1 µg/mL) as the standard. All other derivatives showed moderate to low level of inhibition on both tested parameters. Cytotoxicity activity also showed nontoxicity of synthetic compounds. Structures of all the synthetic compounds were confirmed through 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EI-MS and HREI-MS spectroscopic techniques. CONCLUSION Compounds 2 and 13 were found to be good dual antiinflammatory (ROS and NO) agent. However, compounds 5, 6, 8, 10 and 16 were found to be selectively active for ROS inhibitory studies. Compounds 7, 11, 14 and 18 were discriminatory active at NO inhibition assay. These initial findings of antiinflammatory activity concluded that these compounds might have the potential to develop a novel non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), non-acidic antiinflammatory agent. Most active compounds 2, 5-8, 10, 13, 14 and 16 showed nontoxicity of synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshia
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Faheem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Shah
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi-75280, Pakistan
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5
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Chłoń-Rzepa G, Jankowska A, Ślusarczyk M, Świerczek A, Pociecha K, Wyska E, Bucki A, Gawalska A, Kołaczkowski M, Pawłowski M. Novel butanehydrazide derivatives of purine-2,6-dione as dual PDE4/7 inhibitors with potential anti-inflammatory activity: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:381-394. [PMID: 29407965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel butanehydrazide derivatives of purine-2,6-dione designed using a ligand-based approach were synthesized and their in vitro activity against both PDE4B and PDE7A isoenzymes was assessed. The 7,8-disubstituted purine-2,6-dione derivatives 31, 34, 37, and 40 appeared to be the most potent PDE4/7 inhibitors with IC50 values in the range of that of the reference rolipram and BRL-50481, respectively. Moreover, docking studies explained the importance of N-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzylidene)butanehydrazide substituent in position 7 of purine-2,6-dione core for dual PDE4/7 inhibitory properties. The inhibition of both the cAMP-specific PDE isoenzymes resulted in a strong anti-TNF-α effect. Compounds 31, 34, and 37 in the in vivo study in rats with LPS-induced endotoxemia decreased the maximum concentration of this proinflammatory cytokine by 53, 84 and 88%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Jankowska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marietta Ślusarczyk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Świerczek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Bucki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Gawalska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Pawłowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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Marć MA, Domínguez-Álvarez E, Słoczyńska K, Żmudzki P, Chłoń-Rzepa G, Pękala E. In Vitro Biotransformation, Safety, and Chemopreventive Action of Novel 8-Methoxy-Purine-2,6-Dione Derivatives. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017. [PMID: 28624999 PMCID: PMC5756575 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic stability, mutagenicity, antimutagenicity, and the ability to scavenge free radicals of four novel 8-methoxy-purine-2,6-dione derivatives (compounds 1–4) demonstrating analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties were determined. Metabolic stability was evaluated in Cunninghamella and microsomal models, mutagenic and antimutagenic properties were assessed using the Ames and the Vibrio harveyi tests, and free radical scavenging activity was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. In the Cunninghamella model, compound 2 did not undergo any biotransformation; whereas 3 and 4 showed less metabolic stability: 1–9 and 53–88% of the parental compound, respectively, underwent biotransformation reactions in different Cunninghamella strains. The metabolites detected after the biotransformation of 3 and 4 were aromatic hydroxylation and N-dealkylation products. On the other hand, the N-dealkylation product was the only metabolite formed in microsome assay. Additionally, these derivatives do not possess mutagenic potential in microbiological models (Vibrio harveyi and Salmonella typhimurium) considered. Moreover, all compounds showed a strong chemopreventive activity in the modified Vibrio harveyi strains BB7X and BB7M. However, radical scavenging activity was not the mechanism which explained the observed chemopreventive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Anna Marć
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Enrique Domínguez-Álvarez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.,Institute of General Organic Chemistry, Spanish National Research Council (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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Chłoń-Rzepa G, Jankowska AW, Zygmunt M, Pociecha K, Wyska E. Synthesis of 8-alkoxy-1,3-dimethyl-2, 6-dioxopurin-7-yl-substituted acetohydrazides and butanehydrazides as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2015-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA series of new 8-alkoxy-1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxopurin-7-yl-substituted acetohydrazides and butanehydrazides 6–12 was synthesized and evaluated for the analgesic activity in two in vivo models: the writhing syndrome and the hot-plate tests. Among the investigated derivatives, compounds with N′-arylidenehydrazide moiety 9–12 show analgesic activity significantly higher than that of acetylsalicylic acid, which may indicate the importance of this structural element for analgesic properties. The lack of the activity in the hot-plate test may suggest that the analgesic activity of the newly synthesized compounds is mediated by a peripheral mechanism. The selected compounds 7 and 12 inhibit tumor necrosis factor α production in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia, similarly to theophylline, which may confirm their anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka W. Jankowska
- 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zygmunt
- 2Department of Pharmacological Screening, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pociecha
- 3Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- 3Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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