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Salar U, Khan KM, Jabeen A, Faheem A, Naqvi F, Ahmed S, Iqbal E, Ali F, Kanwal, Perveen S. ROS Inhibitory Activity and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Benzoyl, Acetyl, Alkyl Ester, and Sulfonate Ester Substituted Coumarin Derivatives. Med Chem 2021; 16:1099-1111. [PMID: 31448715 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190826153001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including aspirin, indomethacin, ibuprofen, flufenamic acid, and phenylbutazone are being clinically used to treat inflammatory disorders. These NSAIDs are associated with serious side effects such as gastric ulceration, nephrotoxicity, and bleeding. Therefore, the identification of potent and safe therapy for inflammatory disorders is still of great interest to the medicinal chemist. METHODS A series of varyingly substituted benzoyl, acetyl, alkyl ester, and sulfonate ester substituted coumarins 1-64 were screened for the inhibition of ROS, generated from zymosan activated whole blood phagocytes, using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence technique. RESULTS Among all tested compounds, 8 (IC50 = 65.0 ± 3.1 μM), 24 (IC50 = 41.8 ± 1.5 μM), 26 (IC50 = 10.6 ± 2.8 μM), 28 (IC50 = 20.9 ± 1.5 μM), and 41 (IC50 = 4.6 ± 0.3 μM) showed good anti- inflammatory potential as compared to standard antiinflammatory drug ibuprofen (IC50 = 54.3 ± 1.9 μM). Specifically, compounds 24, 26, 28, and 41 showed superior activity than standard antiinflammatory drug. Furthermore, compounds 12 (IC50 = 219.0 ± 1.4 μM), 14 (IC50 = 216.5 ± 6.2 μM), 16 (IC50 = 187.4 ± 2.2 μM), and 20 (IC50 = 196.2 ± 2.0 μM) showed moderate ROS inhibitory activity. Limited SAR study revealed that the hydroxy-substituted compound showed better ROS inhibition potential in case of 3-benzoyl and 3-ethylester coumarin derivatives. Whereas, chloro substitution was found to be important in case of 3-acetyl coumarin derivatives. Similarly, in case of sulfonate ester, chloro, and nitro groups especially at positions -4 and -3 of ring "R" played vital role in ROS inhibition. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of all active compounds was also checked on NIH-3T3 cell line. Compounds 12, 14, and 20 were found to be non-cytotoxic. Whereas, 8, 16, 24, 26, 28, and 41 were found to be very weak cytotoxic as compared to standard cycloheximide (IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.02 μM). CONCLUSION Identified ROS inhibitors offer the possibility of additional modifications that could give rise to lead structures for further research in order to obtain more potent, and safer antiinflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Salar
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of
Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan,Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of
Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Faheem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Farwa Naqvi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of
Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Erum Iqbal
- Industrial Analytical Center (IAC), International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ali
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of
Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of
Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi-75280, Pakistan
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Bano B, Kanwal, Khan KM, Jabeen A, Faheem A, Taha M, Haider SM, Perveen S. Sulfonamides and Sulphonyl Ester of Quinolines as Non-Acidic, Non- Steroidal, Anti-inflammatory Agents. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999201005201308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Quinolines are an important class of heterocyclic compounds possessing a
wide range of biological activities. Previously, we had identified Schiff bases of quinoline as potential
anti-inflammatory agents, thus the current work is the continuation of our previous study.
Objective:
In the current study, 3-, 5-, and 8-sulfonamide and 8-sulfonate derivatives of quinoline
(1-50) were synthesized and their anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated. These synthetic analogs
were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity via ROS (Reactive oxygen species) inhibitory
effect produced from phagocytes from human whole blood.
Methods:
The sulfonamide and sulfonate derivatives of quinoline were synthesized via treating 5-,
3-, 8-amino, and 8-hydroxy quinolines with different substituted sulfonyl chlorides in pyridine. The
synthetic molecules were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques and screened for
their anti-inflammatory potential.
Results:
Among the synthetic derivatives 1-50, six compounds showed good to moderate antiinflammatory
activity. Compounds 47 (IC50 = 2.9 ± 0.5 μg/mL), 36 (IC50 = 3.2 ± 0.2 μg/mL), and
24 (IC50 = 6.7 ± 0.3 μg/mL) exhibited enhanced activity as compared to the standard ibuprofen
(IC50 = 11.2 ± 1.9 μg/mL). Compounds 20 (IC50 = 25.5 ± 0.7 μg/mL), 50 (IC50 = 42.9 ± 5.6 μg/mL),
and 8 (IC50 = 53.9 ± 3.1 μg/mL) were moderately active, however, rest of the compounds were
found to be inactive.
Conclusion:
The sulfonamide and sulfonate derivatives of quinoline were found to have promising
anti-inflammatory activity. Further studies on the modification of these molecules may lead to the
discovery of new and potential anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilquees Bano
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Faheem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Moazzam Haider
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi 75280, Pakistan
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Salar U, Khan KM, Jabeen A, Hussain S, Faheem A, Naqvi F, Perveen S. Diversified Thiazole Substituted Coumarins and Chromones as Non- Cytotoxic ROS and NO Inhibitors. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666190611155218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, aspirin,
indomethacin, flufenamic acid and phenylbutazone are used to treat most of the inflammatory
disorders. These NSAIDs are also associated with serious side effects including gastric ulceration,
nephrotoxicity, and bleeding, mainly due to acidic nature. Hence, there is a need to identify highly
potent and safer treatment for inflammatory disorders.
Methods:
Herein, synthetic hydrazinyl thiazole substituted coumarins and chromones 1-48 were
evaluated for ROS inhibitory activity. ROS were generated from zymosan activated whole blood
phagocytes.
Results:
Among all tested compounds, compounds 1 (IC50 = 38.3 ± 7.1 μM), 2 (IC50 = 5.7 ±
0.2 μM), 5 (IC50 = 28.3 ± 3.5 μM), 23 (IC50 = 12.5 ± 3.1 μM), 27 (IC50 = 32.8 ± 1.1 μM), 39 (IC50 =
20.2 ± 1.6 μM), and 42 (IC50 = 43.2 ± 3.8 μM) showed potent ROS inhibition as compared to
standard ibuprofen (IC50 = 54.3 ± 1.9 μM). Whereas, compounds 3 (IC50 = 134.7 ± 1.0 μM), 16
(IC50 = 75.4 ± 7.2 μM), 24 (IC50 = 102.4 ± 1.0 μM), and 31 (IC50 = 86.6 ± 1.5 μM) were found to be
moderately active. Compounds 1, 2, 5, 23, 27, 39, and 42, having potent ROS inhibitory activity
were also screened for their nitric oxide (NO) inhibition. Cytotoxicity was also checked for all active
compounds on NIH-3T3 cell line. Cyclohexamide (IC50 = 0.13 ± 0.02 μM) was used as standard.
Conclusion:
Identified active compounds from these libraries may serve as lead candidates for future
research in order to obtain a more potent, and safer anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Salar
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shafquat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Baltistan, Skardu, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Faheem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Farwa Naqvi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi-75280, Pakistan
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Iqbal S, Khan MA, Ansari Z, Jabeen A, Faheem A, Fazal-Ur-Rehman S, Basha FZ. Synthesis of new bicarbazole-linked triazoles as non-cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitors. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1620281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Iqbal
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maria A. Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Almas Jabeen
- PCMD, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Faheem
- PCMD, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Fatima Z. Basha
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Shah S, Arshia, Kazmi NS, Jabeen A, Faheem A, Dastagir N, Ahmed T, Khan KM, Ahmed S, Raza A, Perveen S. Diclofenac 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives; Biology-Oriented Drug Synthesis (BIODS) in Search of Better Non-Steroidal, Non-Acid Antiinflammatory Agents. Med Chem 2018; 14:674-687. [PMID: 29564980 DOI: 10.2174/1573406414666180321141555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is defined as the response of immune system cells to damaged or injured tissues. The major symptoms of inflammation include increased blood flow, cellular influx, edema, elevated cellular metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) nitric oxide (NO) and vasodilation. This normally protective mechanism against harmful agents when this normal mechanism becomes dysregulated that can cause serious illnesses including ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, sepsis, and chronic pulmonary inflammation. METHOD In this study synthetic transformations on diclofenac were carried out in search of better non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), non-acidic, antiinflammatory agents. For this purpose diclofenac derivatives (2-20) were synthesized from diclofenac (1). All derivatives (2-20) and parent diclofenac (1) were evaluated for their antiinflammatory effect using different parameters including suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by whole blood phagocytes, produced by neutrophils, and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production from J774.2 macrophages. The most active compound also evaluated for cytotoxicity activity. RESULTS Diclofenac (1) inhibited the ROS with an IC50 of 3.9 ± 2.8, 1.2 ± 0.0 µg/mL respectively and inhibited NO with an IC50 of 30.01 ± 0.01 µg/mL. Among its derivatives 4, 5, 11, 16, and 20, showed better antiinflammatory potential. The compound 5 was found to be the most potent inhibitor of intracellular ROS as well as NO with IC50 values of 1.9 ± 0.9, 1.7 ± 0.4 µg/mL respectively and 7.13 ± 1.0 µg/mL, respectively, and showed good inhibitory activity than parent diclofenac. The most active compounds were tested for their toxic effect on NIH-3T3 cells where all compounds were found to be non-toxic compared to the standard cytotoxic drug cyclohexamide. CONCLUSION Five derivatives were found to be active. Compound 5 was found to be the most potent inhibitor of ROS and NO compared to parent diclofenac 1 and standard drugs ibuprofen and L-NMMA, respectively. The most active compounds 1, 4, 5, 11 and 20 were found to be non-toxic on NIH-3T3 cells. Compound 4, 5, and 20 also showed good antiinflammatory potential, compound 11 and 16 showed moderate and low level of inhibition, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Shah
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Art, Science and Technology, Pakistan
| | - Arshia
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Nida Siraj Kazmi
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Faheem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Nida Dastagir
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ahmed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Industrial Analytical Center at H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi- 75270, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Raza
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi-75280, Pakistan
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Arshia, Jabeen A, Faheem A, Khan KM, Shah S, Perveen S. Benzophenone Esters and Sulfonates: Synthesis and their Potential as Antiinflammatory Agents. Med Chem 2018; 15:162-174. [PMID: 30081790 DOI: 10.2174/1573406414666180806114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a biological rejoinder of vascular tissues against destructive agents e.g. irritants, damaged cell or pathogens. During inflammation, respiratory burst occurs by activated phagocytes which help to destroy invading pathogens. Phagocytic cells such as neutrophils and macrophages are one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Normally, the redox environment is maintained by various antioxidant defense systems, however, these reactive oxygen species may be destructive and can lead to various pathological conditions. METHODS Benzophenone esters and sulfonates (1-18) were synthesized through one pot synthesis by reacting 4-hydroxy benzophenone either different benzoyl chloride or sulfonyl chloride. These synthetic compounds were evaluated for their in vitro immunosuppressive potential on two parameters of innate immune response including inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). ROS were induced in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) isolated from human whole blood by serum opsonized zymosan stimulation, whereas NO were produced in J774.2 cells by lipopolysachharides (LPS) stimulation. Moreover, cytotoxicity of compounds was also determined using NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells (ATCC, Manassas, USA) was evaluated by using the standard MTT colorimetric assay. RESULTS All compounds inhibited the production of ROS at various extent among which compounds 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13 and 16 were found to be the potent inhibitors of ROS with IC50 values ranging between (1.0 - 2.2 µg/mL) as compared to ibuprofen (IC50 = 2.5 ± 0.6 µg/mL) as the standard drug. Compounds 2, 7, 11, 13, 14 and 18 showed good inhibition of NO production with % inhibition values ranging between (63.6% - 76.7%) at concentration of 25 µg/mL as compared to NG-monomethyl-Larginine (L-NMMA 65.6 ± 1.1 µg/mL) as the standard. All other derivatives showed moderate to low level of inhibition on both tested parameters. Cytotoxicity activity also showed nontoxicity of synthetic compounds. Structures of all the synthetic compounds were confirmed through 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EI-MS and HREI-MS spectroscopic techniques. CONCLUSION Compounds 2 and 13 were found to be good dual antiinflammatory (ROS and NO) agent. However, compounds 5, 6, 8, 10 and 16 were found to be selectively active for ROS inhibitory studies. Compounds 7, 11, 14 and 18 were discriminatory active at NO inhibition assay. These initial findings of antiinflammatory activity concluded that these compounds might have the potential to develop a novel non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), non-acidic antiinflammatory agent. Most active compounds 2, 5-8, 10, 13, 14 and 16 showed nontoxicity of synthetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshia
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Faheem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazia Shah
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi-75280, Pakistan
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Mehtab R, Ibrahim M, Naz A, Faiyaz A, Faheem A, Rasheed M, Saify ZS. Immunomodulatory activity and chemical characterization of fixed oils obtained from different parts of Oxytropis glabra DC. Pak J Pharm Sci 2018; 31:755-762. [PMID: 29716852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxytropis glabra DC. is a plant with enormous therapeutic vitality. In the present study a comparison of lipophilic profiling of different parts of O. glabra has been carried out by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 32 compounds have been identified from this plant, amongst which 31 have been identified for the first time. These compounds have been further confirmed from their Van den Dool and Kratz (I) Indices. Out of these 32 compounds, 18 have been identified from flower (80.94%), 15 from fruit (85.36%), 11 from leaves (66.35%) and 11 from root (45.96%). The major class of metabolite identified from different parts is fatty acid. Hydrocarbons have also been detected in flower and fruit but not in root and leaves. The extracts were screened for their immunomodulatory activity on whole blood cells. The root oil was found to be moderately active (IC50 32.3 μg/mL). At present only limited data is available on the phytochemical composition of O. glabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Mehtab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan / Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority, Pakistan Secretariat, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asia Naz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Faiyaz
- Department of Biochemistry, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Faheem
- Dr. Panjwani Centre for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research Centre, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Munawwer Rasheed
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Saeed Saify
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Yousuf S, Khan KM, Salar U, Jabeen A, Ahmed S, Muhammad MT, Faheem A, Perveen S. New Bis-Pyrazolones as Potential Leads for ROS Inhibition; Environment Friendly Green Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and In Vitro Studies. Med Chem 2018; 14:536-548. [PMID: 29332595 DOI: 10.2174/1573406414666180112122001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyrazolones have identified as significant antioxidant agents and many marketed and clinically prescribed NSAIDs have pyrazolone ring as main scaffold. METHOD Keeping in consideration the antioxidant potential of pyrazolone scaffold, new bispyrazolones 3-30 were synthesized by a green and enviroment friendly reaction route, in which two equivalents of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol were treated with one equivalent of benzaldehyde derivatives without any catalyst. All compounds were structurally characterzied by 1H-NMR and FAB analysis. 13C-NMR of selected compounds was also recorded. All compounds gave satisfactory elemental analyses and found in good agreement with calculated values. RESULTS Synthetic bis-pyrazolones 3-30 were evaluated for their oxidative burst inhibitory effect of zymosan stimulated whole blood phagocytes by using luminol enhanced chemilluminescence technique. All molecules demonstrated the potent ROS inhibition activity in the range of IC50 = 1.2 ± 0.1-48.8 ± 3.9 µM as compared to the standard ibuprofen (IC50 = 54.2 ± 9.2 μM). The purity of active compounds was checked by HPLC. CONCLUSION This study has identified a number of non-acidic lead molecules for future research on ROS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Yousuf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uzma Salar
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Munira T Muhammad
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Faheem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi-75280, Pakistan
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Oladimeji AO, Oladosu IA, Jabeen A, Faheem A, Mesaik MA, Ali MS. Immunomodulatory activities of isolated compounds from the root-bark of Cussonia arborea. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:2240-2247. [PMID: 29141487 PMCID: PMC6130543 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1400078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cussonia arborea Hochst. ex A. Rich (Araliaceae) is a folk medicine used to treat various diseases. However, there is no report of the root phytochemistry. OBJECTIVE This study isolates and identifies the immunomodulatory compounds from root-bark of C. arborea. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methanol extract (18 g) was subjected to repeated column chromatography resulting in isolation of five compounds (1-5). Structure determination was achieved by analysis of their 1 D and 2 D NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The compounds (100-1.0 μg/mL) were examined immunomodulatory for effect on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from whole blood phagocytes and on proliferation of T-cells. The compounds cytotoxicity (100-1.0 μg/mL) was evaluated on NIH-3T3 normal fibroblast cells. RESULTS Three pentacyclic triterpenoids [3, 23-dihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid (1), 3β-hydroxylolean-12-en-28-oic (2) and 23-hydoxy-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (5)], two phytosterols: [stigmasterol (3)] and [3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl stigmasterol (4)] were all isolated from the methanol soluble extract. All the tested compounds (1-4) were found to be nontoxic on NIH-3T3 cells. Compound 1 and 2 moderately inhibited the production of ROS (IC50 = 24.4 ± 4.3 and 37.5 ± 0.1 μg/mL, respectively) whereas compound 2 exhibited the highest inhibitory effect (IC50 = 12.6 ± 0.4 μg/mL) on proliferation of phytoheamagglutinin (PHA) activated T-cells. CONCLUSIONS The isolated compounds (1-5) are reported for the first time from this species. In addition, compound 2 with suppressive potential on production of intracellular ROS and proliferation of T-cells could be of immense value in control of autoimmune diseases as well as in immune compromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkabir Oladele Oladimeji
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Industrial Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Nigeria
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Adebayo Oladosu
- Organic and Medicinal Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Faheem
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Ahmed Mesaik
- Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk (UT), Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shaiq Ali
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Bano B, Khan KM, Jabeen A, Hameed A, Faheem A, Taha M, Perveen S, Iqbal S. Aminoquinoline Schiff Bases as Non-Acidic, Non-Steroidal, Anti-Inflammatory Agents. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilquees Bano
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry; International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences; University of Karachi; Karachi- 75270 Pakistan
| | - Khalid M. Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry; International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences; University of Karachi; Karachi- 75270 Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research; International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences; University of Karachi; Karachi- 75270 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hameed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry; International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences; University of Karachi; Karachi- 75270 Pakistan
| | - Aisha Faheem
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research; International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences; University of Karachi; Karachi- 75270 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC); Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University; Dammam P.O. Box 31441 Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex; Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui Karachi-75280 Pakistan
| | - Sarosh Iqbal
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Government College University; Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
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