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Serov D, Tankanag A, Astashev M. Low-frequency oscillations of murine skin microcirculations and periodic changes of [Ca 2+ ] i and [NO] i levels in murine endotheliocytes: An effect of provocative tests. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:427-442. [PMID: 34882893 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The five frequency intervals of skin blood oscillation were described: cardiac, respiratory, myogenic, neurogenic, and endothelial. The endothelial interval is derived into NO-independent and NO-dependent. The exact molecular, cell, or systemic mechanisms of endothelial oscillations generation are unclear. We proposed that oscillations of Ca2+ and NO in endotheliocytes may be possible sources of skin blood perfusion (SBP) oscillations in endothelial interval. To examine our hypothesis we compared the oscillations of cytoplasmic Ca2+ and NO ([Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i ) concentration in cultured murine microvascular endotheliocytes and SBP oscillations in mice. Local heating test and model hypoxia were used as tools to evaluate an interconnection of studied parameters. [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i were measured simultaneously by Fura-2 AM and DAF-FM. The SBP was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. The [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i oscillations at 0.005-0.01 Hz were observed in endotheliocytes, that coincides the ranges of NO-independent endothelial interval. Heating decreased amplitude of [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i oscillations in cells in NO-independent endothelial interval, while amplitudes of SBP oscillations increased in NO-independent and NO-dependent intervals. Hypoxia reduced the [NO]i oscillations amplitude. Heating test during hypoxia increased NO-independent endothelial SBP oscillations and decreased myogenic ones, did not effect on [NO]i oscillations, and shifted [Ca2+ ]i oscillations peak from 0.005-0.01 Hz to 0.01-0.018 Hz. We observed the [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i oscillations synchronization within a cell and between cells for the first time. Heating abolished these synchronizations. Therefore low-frequency [Ca2+ ]i and [NO]i oscillations in endotheliocytes may be considered as modulators of low-frequency endothelial SBP oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Serov
- Institute of Cell Biophisics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Biophotonics Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arina Tankanag
- Institute of Cell Biophisics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Maksim Astashev
- Institute of Cell Biophisics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Biophotonics Center, Moscow, Russia
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Savarese G, Butler J, Lund LH, Bhatt DL, Anker SD. CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF NON-INSULIN GLUCOSE-LOWERING AGENTS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF TRIAL EVIDENCE AND POTENTIAL CARDIOPROTECTIVE MECHANISMS. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2231-2252. [PMID: 34390570 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly prevalent and associated with a 2-fold increased mortality, mostly explained by cardiovascular diseases. Trial evidence on older glucose-lowering agents such as metformin and sulfonylureas is limited in terms of cardiovascular efficacy. Since 2008, after rosiglitazone was observed to increase the risk of myocardial infarction and heart failure (HF), cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT) have been required by regulators for licensing new glucose-lowering agents. In the following CVOTs, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) have been shown to be safe but not to improve morbidity/mortality, except for saxagliptin which increased the risk of HF. Several glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-Ra) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. SGLT2i have shown a class effect for the reduction in risk of HF events in patients with T2DM, leading to trials testing their efficacy/safety in HF regardless of T2DM. In the DAPA-HF and the EMPEROR-Reduced trials dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, respectively, improved cardiovascular mortality/morbidity in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), with and without T2DM. Therefore, these drugs are now key part of HFrEF pharmacotherapy. In the SOLOIST-WHF, sotagliflozin reduced cardiovascular mortality/morbidity in patients with T2DM and a recent acute episode of HF regardless of EF. The DELIVER and the EMPEROR-Preserved are testing dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, respectively, in patients with HF with mildly reduced and preserved EF. A strong renal protective role of SGLT2i has also emerged in trials enrolling patients with and without T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Savarese
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javed Butler
- University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, MI, USA
| | - Lars H Lund
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deepak L Bhatt
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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Bray JJH, Foster-Davies H, Salem A, Hoole AL, Obaid DR, Halcox JPJ, Stephens JW. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists improve biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:1806-1822. [PMID: 33830637 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review to examine the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on clinical biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined changes with GLP-1RAs in a priori selected biomarkers of inflammation: C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, interleukin-6, leptin; and of oxidative stress: malondialdehyde (MDA); 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α; and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). RESULTS We included 40 eligible RCTs (n = 6749) with a median follow-up of 6 months, a mean participant age of 53.1 years, 56.3% females, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 55.6 mmol/mol, body mass index 28.8 kg/m2 and diabetes duration 7.46 years. Analysis of GLP-1RAs versus standard diabetes therapies or placebo revealed significant reductions in CRP, TNFα and MDA, and significant increases in adiponectin for (mean difference -0.54 mg/L [-0.75, -0.34]; standard mean difference [SMD] -0.39 [-0.62, -0.15]; SMD -0.84 [-1.61, -0.06] and SMD 0.30 [0.12, 0.49], respectively [95% confidence intervals]). Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly and was significantly and strongly correlated with a reduction in CRP. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was also significantly correlated with a reduction in CRP, but HbA1c was not. CONCLUSIONS There is strong evidence supporting clinically relevant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of GLP-1RAs. This may be used to guide future targeted clinical use of GLP-1RAs and the development of medications seeking to target the cardioprotective properties of GLP-1RAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J H Bray
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
- Institute of Life Sciences-2, Swansea Bay University Health Board and Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Harri Foster-Davies
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - Ahmed Salem
- Institute of Life Sciences-2, Swansea Bay University Health Board and Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Amy L Hoole
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - Daniel R Obaid
- Institute of Life Sciences-2, Swansea Bay University Health Board and Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Julian P J Halcox
- Institute of Life Sciences-2, Swansea Bay University Health Board and Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Stephens
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
- Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Aung MM, Slade K, Freeman LAR, Kos K, Whatmore JL, Shore AC, Gooding KM. Locally delivered GLP-1 analogues liraglutide and exenatide enhance microvascular perfusion in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1701-1711. [PMID: 31203378 PMCID: PMC6677680 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues reduce the risk of macrovascular disease in diabetes; however, little is known about their microvascular effects. This research examined the microvascular actions of the GLP-1 analogues liraglutide and exenatide in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (study 1). It also explored the involvement of the GLP-1 receptor (study 2) and the nitric oxide pathway in mediating the microvascular effects of the analogues. METHODS Trial design: Studies 1 and 2 had a randomised, controlled, double-blind study design. Study 1 participants, intervention and methods: three participant groups were recruited: individuals with well-controlled type 2 diabetes, and obese and lean individuals without diabetes (21 participants per group). Liraglutide (0.06 mg), exenatide (0.5 μg) and saline (154 mmol/l NaCl; 0.9%) control were microinjected into separate sites in the dermis (forearm) in a randomised order, blinded to operator and participant. Skin microvascular perfusion was assessed by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Outcomes were stabilised response (mean skin perfusion between 7.5 and 10 min post microinjection) and total response (AUC, normalised for baseline perfusion). Perfusion response to GLP-1 analogues was compared with saline within each group as well as between groups. Study 2 participants, intervention and methods: in healthy individuals (N = 16), liraglutide (0.06 mg) and saline microinjected sites were pretreated with saline or the GLP-1 receptor blocker, exendin-(9,39), in a randomised order, blinded to participant and operator. Outcomes were as above (stabilised response and total perfusion response). Perfusion response to liraglutide was compared between the saline and the exendin-(9,39) pretreated sites. In vitro study: the effects of liraglutide and exenatide on nitrate levels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation (activation) were examined using human microvascular endothelial cells. RESULTS Study 1 results: both analogues increased skin perfusion (stabilised response and total response) in all groups (n = 21 per group, p < 0.001), with the microvascular responses similar across groups (p ≥ 0.389). Study 2 results: liraglutide response (stabilised response and total response) was not influenced by pretreatment with exendin-(9,39) (70 nmol/l) (N = 15, one dataset excluded) (p ≥ 0.609). Liraglutide and exenatide increased nitrate production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation (p ≤ 0.020). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Liraglutide and exenatide increased skin microvascular perfusion in individuals with and without well-controlled diabetes, potentially mediated, at least in part, by NO. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01677104. FUNDING This work was supported by Diabetes UK (grant numbers: 09/0003955 and 12/0004600 [RW and JM Collins Legacy, Funded Studentship]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Myo Myo Aung
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - Kate Slade
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | | | - Katarina Kos
- Obesity Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Angela C Shore
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Kim M Gooding
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK.
- National Institute of Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.
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Garczorz W, Gallego-Colon E, Kosowska A, Siemianowicz K, Kłych-Ratuszny A, Woźniak M, Aghdam MRF, Francuz T, Dorecka M. Exenatide modulates expression of metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in TNF-α stimulated human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 71:175-182. [PMID: 30554037 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and the leading cause of acquired blindness in adults. In diabetic patients hyperglycemia induces complex metabolic abnormalities affecting retinal homeostasis, and promotes retinal inflammation and angiogenesis. Incretin mimetic drugs such exenatide, are a relatively new group of drugs used in the treatment of diabetes. We investigated the potential direct effects of exenatide on human retinal pigment epithelium (HRPE). METHODS cAMP production was measured after stimulation of HRPE cells with GLP-1 and exenatide. Intracellular signaling pathways were also examined. HRPE cells were stimulated with TNF-α and subsequently incubated with exenatide. The concentration of metalloproteinases, MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 were evaluated. Viability, cytotoxicity and caspase 3/7 activation were determined. Activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), an enzyme involved in GLP-1 inactivation, was also determined. RESULTS Both GLP-1 and exenatide stimulation in HRPE cells caused no effect in cAMP levels suggesting alternative signaling pathways. Signaling pathway analysis showed that exenatide reduced phosphorylation of Akt-Ser473, PRAS40, SAPK/JNK, Bad, and S6 proteins but not Akt-Thr308. Exenatide also decreased MMP-1, MMP-9, and TIMP-2 protein levels whereas MMP-2 level in HRPE cells was increased. Finally, we show that exenatide decreased the activity of DPP-4 in TNF-α stimulated HRPE cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that exenatide modulates regulation of extracellular matrix components involved in retinal remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Garczorz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Enrique Gallego-Colon
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kosowska
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Siemianowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kłych-Ratuszny
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Woźniak
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mohammad Reza F Aghdam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mariola Dorecka
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Garczorz W, Gallego-Colon E, Kosowska A, Kłych-Ratuszny A, Woźniak M, Marcol W, Niesner KJ, Francuz T. Exenatide exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and modulates endothelial response to tumor necrosis factor α-mediated activation. Cardiovasc Ther 2018; 36. [PMID: 29283509 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the industrialized world. Incretin-mimetic compounds such as exenatide are currently used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. AIMS We investigated the effects of incretin drugs on apoptosis, adhesion molecule expression, and concentration of extracellular matrix (ECM) metalloproteinases under inflammatory conditions within the context of atherosclerotic plaque formation of both human coronary artery endothelial cells (hCAECs) and human aortic endothelial cells (hAoECs). TNF-α-stimulated hCAEC and hAoEC were treated with exenatide (1 and 10 nmol/L) and GLP-1 (10 and 100 nmol/L) then evaluated for caspase 3/7 activity and assayed for protein levels of adhesion molecules sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and P-selectin. Concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and their inhibitors-tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), TIMP-1, TIMP-2 were also measured to evaluate the effects on extracellular matrix turnover within an inflammatory environment. Intracellular signaling pathways were evaluated via transfection of endothelial cells with a GFP vector under the NF-κB promoter. RESULTS Our experimental data suggest that GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists downregulate activation of NF-κB and adhesion molecules ICAM and VCAM, but not P-selectin, in both endothelial cell lines. Exendin-4 and GLP-1 modulate the expression of MMPs and TIMPs, with statistically significant effects observed at high concentrations of both incretins. Expressive modulation may be mediated by NF-κB as observed by activation of the vector when stimulated under inflammatory conditions. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that GLP-1 analogs have anti-inflammatory properties in endothelial cells that may play an important role in preventing atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Garczorz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Enrique Gallego-Colon
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kosowska
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kłych-Ratuszny
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Woźniak
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wiesław Marcol
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - K J Niesner
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Kosowska A, Gallego-Colon E, Garczorz W, Kłych-Ratuszny A, Aghdam MRF, Woz Niak M, Witek A, Wróblewska-Czech A, Cygal A, Wojnar J, Francuz T. Exenatide modulates tumor-endothelial cell interactions in human ovarian cancer cells. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:856-865. [PMID: 29042458 PMCID: PMC5682419 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and cancer are prevalent diseases whose incidence is increasing globally. Diabetic women have a moderate risk increase in ovarian cancer, suggested to be due to an interaction between these two disorders. Furthermore, patients manifesting both diseases have associated worse prognosis, reduced survival and shorter relapse-free survival. According to current recommendations, incretin drugs such as Exenatide, a synthetic analog of Exendin-4, and Liraglutide are used as therapy for the type 2 diabetes (T2D). We studied the effects of GLP-1 and Exendin-4 on migration, apoptosis and metalloproteinase production in two human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3 and CAOV-3). Exendin-4 inhibited migration and promoted apoptosis through caspase 3/7 activation. Exendin-4 also modulated the expression of key metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and their inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2). Vascular endothelial cells, which contribute to the formation and progression of metastasis, were also analyzed. TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells from iliac artery after Exendin-4 treatment showed reduced production of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1). Additionally, incretin treatment inhibited activation of apoptosis in TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells. In the same experiment, MMPs (MMP-1 and MMP-9), which are relevant for tumor development, were also reduced. Our study demonstrated that incretin drugs may reduce cancer cell proliferation and dissemination potential, hence limiting the risk of metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kosowska
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Enrique Gallego-Colon
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Garczorz
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kłych-Ratuszny
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mohammad Reza F Aghdam
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Woz Niak
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Witek
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsSchool of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wróblewska-Czech
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsSchool of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Cygal
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsSchool of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jerzy Wojnar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological ChemotherapySchool of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Kong X, Chen L, Ye P, Wang Z, Zhang J, Ye F, Chen S. The role of HYAL2 in LSS-induced glycocalyx impairment and the PKA-mediated decrease in eNOS-Ser-633 phosphorylation and nitric oxide production. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:3972-3979. [PMID: 27798230 PMCID: PMC5156538 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-04-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) in the endothelial glycocalyx serves as a mechanotransducer for high-shear-stress-stimulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and nitric oxide (NO) production. Low shear stress (LSS) has been shown to contribute to endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis by impairing the barrier and mechanotransduction properties of the glycocalyx. Here we focus on the possible role of hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2) in LSS-induced glycocalyx impairment and the resulting alterations in eNOS phosphorylation and NO production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We show that LSS strongly activates HYAL2 to degrade HA in the glycocalyx. The dephosphorylation of eNOS-Ser-633 under LSS was triggered after HA degradation by hyaluronidase and prevented by repairing the glycocalyx with high-molecular weight hyaluronan. Knocking down HYAL2 in HUVECs protected against HA degradation in the glycocalyx by inhibiting the expression and activity of HYAL2 and further blocked the dephosphorylation of eNOS-Ser-633 and the decrease in NO production in response to LSS. The LSS-induced dephosphorylation of PKA was completely abrogated in HYAL2 siRNA-transfected HUVECs. The LSS-induced dephosphorylation of eNOS-Ser-633 was also reversed by the PKA activator 8-Br-cAMP. We thus suggest that LSS inhibits eNOS-Ser-633 phosphorylation and, at least partially, NO production by activating HYAL2 to degrade HA in the glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangquan Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210001, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Zhimei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210001, China;
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Horecka A, Szpetnar M, Hordyjewska A, Babula D, Gołąb P, Kurzepa J. Actylise treatment does not influence nitric oxide metabolites serum level. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:598-600. [PMID: 26971035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by Nitric Oxide Synthases (NOS), the family of enzymes capable to conduct the conversion of Arginine (Arg) into the NO and Citrulline (Cit). Currently, only the administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is recommended for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treatment. To allow solubility of rtPA, Arg is added as a constituent of the drug. Our purpose was to check the effect of alteplase administration on NO metabolites concentration in the blood. METHODS Eighteen AIS patients were selected into the study. Nine of them received thrombolytic therapy (rtPA group). The serum samples were obtained at 3 time-points for rtPA group (time-point 0: 1st-4th hour of stroke; time-point 1: immediately after rtPA administration; time-point 3: on day 5-7 from stroke onset). Remaining patients (non-rtPA group) had blood collection at two time-points: time-point 1: 1st-10th hour of stroke and time-point 2: on day 5-7 of stroke. Arg and Cit were determined by the automated ion-exchange chromatography using Amino Acids Analyzer. NO serum level was indirectly evaluated with the usage of commercially available kits that measuring the nitrate/nitrite level. RESULTS Significant increase of Arg serum level was noticed at time-point 1, directly after the iv thrombolysis in comparison to non-rtPA group. However, the products of the reaction catalyzed by NOS (NO and Cit) did not rise after the thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS Current study showed that Arg administration simultaneously with rtPA, as a constituent of Actylise, does not affect serum NO metabolites level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Horecka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maria Szpetnar
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Hordyjewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Daniel Babula
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Saint Edvige Provincial Hospital No 2 in Rzeszow, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Piotr Gołąb
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Holy Family Specialist Hospital in Rudna Mala, Głogów, Poland
| | - Jacek Kurzepa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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Exenatide (a GLP-1 agonist) expresses anti-inflammatory properties in cultured human monocytes/macrophages in a protein kinase A and B/Akt manner. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 68:329-37. [PMID: 26922535 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incretin-based therapies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with significant improvements in glycemic control, which are accompanied by a beneficial impact on atherosclerosis. Macrophages are essential in the development of atherosclerotic plaques and may develop features that accelerate atherosclerosis (classically activated macrophages) or protect arterial walls against it (alternatively activated macrophages). Therefore, we explored whether beneficial actions of exenatide are connected with the influence on the macrophages' phenotype and synthesis of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Monocytes/macrophages were harvested from 10 healthy subjects. Cells were cultured in the presence of exenatide, exendin 9-39 (GLP-1 antagonist), LPS, IL-4, PKI (PKA inhibitor) and triciribine (PKB/Akt inhibitor). We measured the effects of the above-mentioned compounds on markers of macrophages' phenotype (inducible nitrous oxide (iNOS), arginase 1 (arg1) and mannose receptors) and concentration of nitrite, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10. RESULTS Exenatide significantly increased the level of IL-10 and decreased both TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-treated monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore exenatide increased the expression of arg1-a marker of classical activation and reduced the LPS-induced expression of iNOS-a marker of classical activation. According to experiments with protein kinases inhibitors we found that proinflammatory markers were protein kinase A dependent, whereas the activation of alternative activation was similarly reliant on protein kinase A and B/Akt. CONCLUSIONS We showed that exenatide skewed the macrophages phenotype toward anti-inflammatory phenotype and this effect is predominantly attributable to protein kinase A and to a less extent to B/Akt activation.
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