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Teng L, Qin Q, Zhou Z, Zhou F, Cao C, Yang J, Ding J. Glutamate secretion by embryonic stem cells as an autocrine signal to promote proliferation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19069. [PMID: 37925518 PMCID: PMC10625544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, has also been found to play a role in embryonic stem (ES) cells. However, the exact mechanism and function of glutamatergic signaling in ES cells remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified a glutamatergic transmission circuit in ES cells that operates through an autocrine mechanism and regulates cell proliferation. We performed biological analyses to identify the key components involved in glutamate biosynthesis, packaging for secretion, reaction, and reuptake in ES cells, including glutaminase, vesicular glutamate transporter, glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, and cell membrane excitatory amino-acid transporter (EAAT). We directly quantified the released glutamate signal using microdialysis-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MD-HPLC-MS-MS). Pharmacological inhibition of endogenous glutamate release and the resulting tonic activation of NMDA receptors significantly affected ES cell proliferation, suggesting that ES cells establish a glutamatergic autocrine niche via releasing and responding to the transmitter for their own regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital/The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, No. 183 Yiling Road, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microencironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital/The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, No. 183 Yiling Road, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital/The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, No. 183 Yiling Road, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital/The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, No. 183 Yiling Road, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
| | - Chunyu Cao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microencironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital/The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, No. 183 Yiling Road, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Yichang Central People's Hospital/The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, No. 183 Yiling Road, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, China.
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Zaki M, Loubidi M, Bilgiç T, Birim D, Akssira M, Dagcı T, Berteina-Raboin S, Saso L, Khouili M, Armagan G. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Tomentosin Derivatives in NMDA-Induced Excitotoxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040421. [PMID: 35455419 PMCID: PMC9027110 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor stimulation may lead to excitotoxicity, which triggers neuronal death in brain disorders. In addition to current clinical therapeutic approaches, treatment strategies by phytochemicals or their derivatives are under investigation for neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, novel amino and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of tomentosin were prepared and tested for their protective and anti-apoptotic effects in NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Amino-tomentosin derivatives were generated through a diastereoselective conjugate addition of several secondary amines to the α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone function, while the 1,2,3-triazolo-tomentosin was prepared by a regioselective Michael-type addition carried out in the presence of trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3) and the α-methylene-γ-lactone function. The intermediate key thus obtained underwent 1,3-dipolar Huisgen cycloaddition using a wide range of terminal alkynes. The possible effects of the derivatives on cell viability and free-radical production following NMDA treatment were measured by Water-Soluble Tetrazolium Salts (WST-1) and Dichlorofluorescein Diacetate (DCF-DA) assays, respectively. The alterations in apoptosis-related proteins were examined by Western blot technique. Our study provides evidence that synthesized triazolo- and amino-tomentosin derivatives show neuroprotective effects by increasing cellular viability, decreasing ROS production, and increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. The findings highlight particularly 2e, 2g, and 6d as potential regulators and neuroprotective agents in NMDA overactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zaki
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Pôle de Chimie, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.Z.); (M.L.)
- Department of Science, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Moulay Ismail University, BP. 3104, Toulal, Meknés 50000, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique & Biotechnologie des Biomolécules et des Matériaux, Université Hassan II Casablanca, FST, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco;
| | - Mohammed Loubidi
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Pôle de Chimie, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.Z.); (M.L.)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique & Biotechnologie des Biomolécules et des Matériaux, Université Hassan II Casablanca, FST, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco;
| | - Tuğçe Bilgiç
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (T.B.); (T.D.)
| | - Derviş Birim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique & Biotechnologie des Biomolécules et des Matériaux, Université Hassan II Casablanca, FST, BP 146, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco;
| | - Taner Dagcı
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey; (T.B.); (T.D.)
| | - Sabine Berteina-Raboin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique ICOA, Pôle de Chimie, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, Rue de Chartres-BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orléans, France; (M.Z.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.B.-R.); (G.A.); Tel.: +33-238494856 (S.B.-R.); +90-5323830693 (G.A.); Fax: +90-2323885258 (G.A.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mostafa Khouili
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, Matériaux et Catalyse, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, Campus Mghilla, BP 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco;
| | - Güliz Armagan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (S.B.-R.); (G.A.); Tel.: +33-238494856 (S.B.-R.); +90-5323830693 (G.A.); Fax: +90-2323885258 (G.A.)
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Tideglusib Ameliorates Ischemia/Reperfusion Damage by Inhibiting GSK-3β and Apoptosis in Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106349. [PMID: 35152130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine protein kinase, gets activated and worsen stroke outcome after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by inducing inflammation and apoptosis. In this study, tideglusib, a selective irreversible and non-ATP competitive inhibitor of GSK-3β, was explored in cerebral I/R damage using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS MCAo was done for 90 min in male Wistar rats (250-280 g) using doccol suture. In pre-treatment group, tideglusib (50 mg/kg) was administered once daily for 2 days and on the day of surgery, 30 min before MCAo. Next day, rats were examined for neurobehavioral parameters and MRI was performed to assess brain damage. In post-treatment group, tideglusib was started at 30 min after MCAo and continued for the next 2 days. After 72 h of MCAo, behavioral parameters and brain damage by MRI were assessed. Further, oxidative stress markers (MDA and GSH), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-10) and expression levels of pGSK-3β S9, Bcl-2 and Bax were estimated in pre-treatment group. RESULTS Tideglusib pre-treatment but not post-treatment significantly improved neurobehavioral parameters (p < 0.05) and reduced brain damage (p < 0.01) when compared with MCAo group. I/R induced changes in MDA (p < 0.01), TNF-α and IL-1β (p < 0.05) were significantly attenuated by pre-treatment. Further, tideglusib pre-treatment ameliorated MCAo induced altered expressions of pGSK-3β S9, Bcl-2 and Bax. CONCLUSION The results of our exploratory study indicated prophylactic potential of tideglusib in I/R injury by modulating pGSK-3β S9, apoptosis and neuro-inflammation.
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Zaiter J, Hibot A, Hafid A, Khouili M, Neves CMB, Simões MMQ, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Dagci T, Saso L, Armagan G. Evaluation of the cellular protection by novel spiropyrazole compounds in dopaminergic cell death. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113140. [PMID: 33454549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The loss of neurons is strongly correlated with aging and aging-associated disorders. In this study, cell viability assays and mitochondrial function were performed to evaluate the effect of new spiro-pyrazole derivatives, prepared from aldehydes and 3-amino-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one, on neuroprotection in an in vitro model of dopaminergic cell death induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). The percentages of neuroprotection by derivatives were found between 21.26% and 52.67% at selected concentrations (10-50 μM) with compound 4d exerting the best neuroprotective effect. The results show that the studied spiropyrazolones perform important roles in dopaminergic neuroprotection and can be used for potential new therapies in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Zaiter
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, BP 523, 23000, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Achraf Hibot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, BP 523, 23000, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Abderrafia Hafid
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, BP 523, 23000, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Khouili
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, BP 523, 23000, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Claudia M B Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mário M Q Simões
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Graça P M S Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Taner Dagci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Güliz Armagan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Armagan G, Sevgili E, Gürkan FT, Köse FA, Bilgiç T, Dagcı T, Saso L. Regulation of the Nrf2 Pathway by Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in MPP⁺-Induced Cell Damage. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071377. [PMID: 30965670 PMCID: PMC6480928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, nuclear translocation and stability of nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) have gained increasing attention in the prevention of oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to evaluate the regulatory role of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibition by tideglusib through the Nrf2 pathway in a cellular damage model. Gene silencing (siRNA-mediated) was performed to examine the responses of Nrf2-target genes (i.e., heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase1) to siRNA depletion of Nrf2 in MPP⁺-induced dopaminergic cell death. Nrf2 and its downstream regulated genes/proteins were analyzed using Real-time PCR and Western Blotting techniques, respectively. Moreover, free radical production, the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, total glutathione, and glutathione-S-transferase were examined. The possible contribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) to tideglusib-mediated neuroprotection was evaluated. The number of viable cells and mitochondrial membrane potential were increased following GSK-3β enzyme inhibition against MPP⁺. HO-1, NQO1 mRNA/protein expressions and Nrf2 nuclear translocation significantly triggered by tideglusib. Moreover, the neuroprotection by tideglusib was not observed in the presence of siRNA Nrf2. Our study supports the idea that GSK-3β enzyme inhibition may modulate the Nrf2/ARE pathway in cellular damage and the inhibitory role of tideglusib on GSK-3β along with PPARγ activation may be responsible for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güliz Armagan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Elvin Sevgili
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Fulya Tuzcu Gürkan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Fadime Aydın Köse
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Tuğçe Bilgiç
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Taner Dagcı
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Wary A, Wary N, Baruah J, Mastej V, Wary KK. Chromatin-modifying agents convert fibroblasts to OCT4+ and VEGFR-2+ capillary tube-forming cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176496. [PMID: 28467484 PMCID: PMC5415225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The human epigenome is plastic. The goal of this study was to address if fibroblast cells can be epigenetically modified to promote neovessel formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we used highly abundant human adult dermal fibroblast cells (hADFCs) that were treated with the chromatin-modifying agents 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A, and subsequently subjected to differentiation by activating Wnt signaling. Our results show that these epigenetically modified hADFCs increasingly expressed β-catenin, pluripotency factor octamer-binding transcription factor-4 (OCT4, also known as POU5F1), and endothelial cell (EC) marker called vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2, also known as Fetal Liver Kinase-1). In microscopic analysis, β-catenin localized to cell-cell contact points, while OCT4 was found to be localized primarily to the nucleus of these cells. Furthermore, in a chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment, OCT4 bound to the VEGFR-2/FLK1 promoter. Finally, these modified hADFCs also transduced Wnt signaling. Importantly, on a two-dimensional (2D) gel substrate, a subset of the converted cells formed vascular network-like structures in the presence of VEGF. CONCLUSION Chromatin-modifying agents converted hADFCs to OCT4+ and VEGFR-2+ capillary tube-forming cells in a 2D matrix in VEGF-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Wary
- York Community High School, Elmhurst, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Neil Wary
- Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy, Aurora, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jugajyoti Baruah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Victoria Mastej
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kishore K. Wary
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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de Matos AM, de Macedo MP, Rauter AP. Bridging Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Assembling the Puzzle Pieces in the Quest for the Molecules With Therapeutic and Preventive Potential. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:261-324. [PMID: 28422298 DOI: 10.1002/med.21440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two age-related amyloid diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Broadly supported by epidemiological data, the higher incidence of AD among type 2 diabetic patients led to the recognition of T2D as a tangible risk factor for the development of AD. Indeed, there is now growing evidence on brain structural and functional abnormalities arising from brain insulin resistance and deficiency, ultimately highlighting the need for new approaches capable of preventing the development of AD in type 2 diabetic patients. This review provides an update on overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms and pathways in T2D and AD, such as amyloidogenic events, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, aberrant enzymatic activity, and even shared genetic background. These events will be presented as puzzle pieces put together, thus establishing potential therapeutic targets for drug discovery and development against T2D and diabetes-induced cognitive decline-a heavyweight contributor to the increasing incidence of dementia in developed countries. Hoping to pave the way in this direction, we will present some of the most promising and well-studied drug leads with potential against both pathologies, including their respective bioactivity reports, mechanisms of action, and structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marta de Matos
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.,CEDOC Chronic Diseases, Nova Medical School, Rua Câmara Pestana n 6, 6-A, Ed. CEDOC II, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula de Macedo
- CEDOC Chronic Diseases, Nova Medical School, Rua Câmara Pestana n 6, 6-A, Ed. CEDOC II, 1150-082, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Amélia Pilar Rauter
- Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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KVANDOVÁ M, MAJZÚNOVÁ M, DOVINOVÁ I. The Role of PPARγ in Cardiovascular Diseases. Physiol Res 2016; 65:S343-S363. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) belong to the nuclear superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARγ acts as a nutrient sensor that regulates several homeostatic functions. Its disruption can lead to vascular pathologies, disorders of fatty acid/lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. PPARγ can modulate several signaling pathways connected with blood pressure regulation. Firstly, it affects the insulin signaling pathway and endothelial dysfunction by modulation of expression and/or phosphorylation of signaling molecules through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS or MAPK/ET-1 pathways. Secondly, it can modulate gene expression of the renin- angiotensin system – cascade proteins, which potentially slow down the progression of atherosclerosis and hypertension. Thirdly, it can modulate oxidative stress response either directly through PPAR or indirectly through Nrf2 activation. In this context, activation and functioning of PPARγ is very important in the regulation of several disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and/or metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I. DOVINOVÁ
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Mathuram TL, Ravikumar V, Reece LM, Karthik S, Sasikumar CS, Cherian KM. Tideglusib induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma IMR32 cells, provoking sub-G0/G1 accumulation and ROS generation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 46:194-205. [PMID: 27490211 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common tumor amongst children amounting to nearly 15% of cancer deaths. This cancer is peculiar in its characteristics, exhibiting differentiation, maturation and metastatic transformation leading to poor prognosis and low survival rates among children. Chemotherapy, though toxic to normal cells, has shown to improve the survival of the patient with emphasis given more towards targeting angiogenesis. Recently, Tideglusib was designed as an 'Orphan Drug' to target the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease and gained significant momentum in its function during clinical trials. Duffy et al. recently reported a reduction in cell viability of human IMR32 neuroblastoma cells when treated with Tideglusib at varying concentrations. We investigated the effects of Tideglusib, at various concentrations, compared to Lithium chloride at various concentrations, on IMR32 cells. Lithium, a known GSK-3 inhibitor, was used as a standard to compare the efficiency of Tideglusib in a dose-dependent manner. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The stages of apoptosis were evaluated by AO/EB staining and nuclear damage was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were assessed by DCFDA dye and Rhodamine-123 dye, respectively. Tideglusib reported a significant dose-dependent increase in pro-apoptotic proteins (PARP, Caspase-9, Caspase-7, Caspase-3) and tumor-related genes (FasL, TNF-α, Cox-2, IL-8, Caspase-3). Anti-GSK3 β, pGSK3 β, Bcl-2, Akt-1, p-Akt1 protein levels were observed with cells exposed to Tideglusib and Lithium chloride. No significant dose-dependent changes were observed for the mRNA expression of collagenase MMP-2, the tumor suppressor p53, or the cell cycle protein p21. Our study also reports Tideglusib reducing colony formation and increasing the level of sub-G0/G1 population in IMR32 cells. Our investigations report the significance of Tideglusib as a promising apoptotic inducer in human neuroblastoma IMR32 cells. Our study also reports that LiCl reduced cell viability in IMR32 cells inducing apoptosis mediated by ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Lemuel Mathuram
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Frontier Mediville (A Unit of Frontier Lifeline and Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 601201, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vilwanathan Ravikumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lisa M Reece
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Vaccine Research, Evaluation and Training on Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Selvaraju Karthik
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Changam Sheela Sasikumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biochemistry, Frontier Mediville (A Unit of Frontier Lifeline and Dr. K. M. Cherian Heart Foundation), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 601201, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wang H, Huang S, Yan K, Fang X, Abussaud A, Martinez A, Sun HS, Feng ZP. Tideglusib, a chemical inhibitor of GSK3β, attenuates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2076-85. [PMID: 27378458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-ischemia is an important cause of brain injury and neurological morbidity in the newborn infants. The activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is up-regulated following neonatal stroke. Tideglusib is a GSK-3β inhibitor which has neuroprotective effects against neurodegenerative diseases in clinical trials. However, the effect of tideglusib on hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury in neonates is still unknown. METHODS Postnatal day 7 (P7) mouse pups subjected to unilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by 1h of hypoxia or sham surgery was performed. HI animals were administered tideglusib (5mg/kg) or vehicle intraperitoneally 20min prior to the onset of ischemia. The brain infarct volume and whole brain images, were used in conjunction with Nissl staining to evaluate the protective effects of tideglusib. Protein levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Notch1, cleaved caspase-3/9, phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), GSK-3β and protein kinase B (Akt) were detected to identify potentially involved molecules. RESULTS Tideglusib significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume at both 24h and 7days after HI injury. Tideglusib also increased phosphorylated GSK-3β(Ser9) and Akt(Ser473), and reduced the expression of GFAP and p-STAT3(Tyr705). In addition, pretreatment with tideglusib also enhanced the protein level of Notch1. Moreover, tideglusib reduced the cleavage of pro-apoptotic signal caspase proteins, including caspase 3 and caspase 9 following HI. CONCLUSION These results indicate that tideglusib shows neuroprotection against hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Tideglusib is a potential compound for the prevention or treatment of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sammen Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kuipo Yan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Fang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abussaud
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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