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Farzi N, Oloomi M, Bahramali G, Siadat SD, Bouzari S. Antibacterial Properties and Efficacy of LL-37 Fragment GF-17D3 and Scolopendin A2 Peptides Against Resistant Clinical Strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii In Vitro and In Vivo Model Studies. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:796-814. [PMID: 37148452 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10070-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii have emerged as major clinical threats owing to the increasing prevalence of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant strains. The present study aimed to assess the antibacterial effects and efficacy of LL-37 fragment GF-17D3 and synthetic Scolopendin A2 peptides against resistant clinical strains in vitro and in vivo models. P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and A. baumannii were isolated from clinical infections. Their antibiotic resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration were assessed. LL-37 fragment GF-17D3 peptide was selected from available databases. Scolopendin A2 peptide's 6th amino acid (proline) was substituted with lysine and peptides and MICs were determined. The biofilm inhibitory activity was quantified at sub MIC concentrations. Synergetic effects of Scolopendin A2 and imipenem were assessed by checkerboard. After mice nasal infection with P. aeruginosa, peptides LD50 was determined. Isolates harbored complete resistance toward the majority of antibiotics and MIC values ranged between 1 and > 512 µg/ml. The majority of isolates exhibited strong biofilm activity. Synthetic peptides showed lower MIC values than antibiotic agents and the lowest MIC values were obtained for synthetic peptides in combination with antibiotics. The Synergisms effect of Scolopendin A2 with imipenem was also determined. Scolopendin A2 was found to have antibacterial efficacy against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and A. baumannii with MIC 64 µg/ml, 8 µg/ml, and 16 µg/ml, respectively, and LL37 showed antibacterial efficacy against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and A. baumannii with MIC 128 µg/ml, 32 µg/ml, and 32 µg/ml, respectively. Both AMPs decreased biofilms by ≥ 96% at 1 × MIC. The biofilm inhibitory activity was measured at sub MIC concentrations of the peptides and the results demonstrated that Scolopendin A2 exhibited anti-biofilm activity at 1/4 × MIC and 1/2 × MIC concentrations was 47.9 to 63.8%, although LL37 among 1/4 × MIC and 1/2 × MIC concentrations was 21.3 to 49.6% against three pathogens. The combination of Scolopendin A2 and antibiotics demonstrated synergistic activity-resistant strains with FIC values ≤ 0.5 for three pathogens, while LL37 and antibiotics showed synergistic activity FIC values ≤ 0.5 for only P. aeruginosa. Infection model Scolopendin A2 with Imipenem (2 × MIC) was efficacious in vivo, with a 100% survival rate following treatment at 2 × MIC after 120 h. The mRNA expression of biofilm-related genes was decreased for both peptides. Synthesis Scolopendin A2 decreased the expression of biofilm formation genes compared to the control group. Synthetic Scolopendin A2 exhibits antimicrobial activity without causing toxicity on the human epithelial cell line. Based on our findings, it seems that synthetic Scolopendin A2 is an appropriate antimicrobial source. That could be a promising option in combination with antibiotics for a topical medication and in the prevention of acute and chronic infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Nevertheless, additional experiments are required to assess another potential of this novel AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Farzi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mana Oloomi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Bahramali
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS and Blood Borne Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Enninful GN, Kuppusamy R, Tiburu EK, Kumar N, Willcox MDP. Non-canonical amino acid bioincorporation into antimicrobial peptides and its challenges. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3560. [PMID: 38262069 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance and multi-drug resistant pathogens has necessitated explorations for novel antibiotic agents as the discovery of conventional antibiotics is becoming economically less viable and technically more challenging for biopharma. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as a promising alternative because of their particular mode of action, broad spectrum and difficulty that microbes have in becoming resistant to them. The AMPs bacitracin, gramicidin, polymyxins and daptomycin are currently used clinically. However, their susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, toxicity profile, and complexities in large-scale manufacture have hindered their development. To improve their proteolytic stability, methods such as integrating non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) into their peptide sequence have been adopted, which also improves their potency and spectrum of action. The benefits of ncAA incorporation have been made possible by solid-phase peptide synthesis. However, this method is not always suitable for commercial production of AMPs because of poor yield, scale-up difficulties, and its non-'green' nature. Bioincorporation of ncAA as a method of integration is an emerging field geared towards tackling the challenges of solid-phase synthesis as a green, cheaper, and scalable alternative for commercialisation of AMPs. This review focusses on the bioincorporation of ncAAs; some challenges associated with the methods are outlined, and notes are given on how to overcome these challenges. The review focusses particularly on addressing two key challenges: AMP cytotoxicity towards microbial cell factories and the uptake of ncAAs that are unfavourable to them. Overcoming these challenges will draw us closer to a greater yield and an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to make AMPs more druggable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Kuppusamy
- University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Naresh Kumar
- University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark D P Willcox
- University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Jing R, Zhang L, Li R, Yang Z, Song J, Wang Q, Cao N, Han G, Yin H. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles functionalized with anti-tumour necrosis factor-α nanobody and anti-microbial peptide alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12462. [PMID: 38840457 PMCID: PMC11154809 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) manifests clinically with chronic intestinal inflammation and microflora dysbiosis. Although biologics can effectively control inflammation, efficient delivery to the colon and colon epithelial cells remains challenging. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) show promise as an oral delivery tool, however, the ability to load biologics into EV presents challenges to therapeutic applications. Here, we demonstrate that fusing cell-penetrating peptide (TAT) to green fluorescent protein (GFP) enabled biologics loading into EV and protected against degradation in the gastrointestinal environment in vitro and in vivo after oral delivery. Oral administration of EV loaded with anti-tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) nanobody (VHHm3F) (EVVHH) via TAT significantly reduced tissue TNF-α levels and alleviated pathologies in mice with acute UC, compared to VHH alone. In mice with chronic UC, simultaneously introducing VHH and an antimicrobial peptide LL37 into EV (EVLV), then administering orally improved intestinal barrier, inflammation and microbiota balance, resulted in relief of UC-induced depression and anxiety. Collectively, we demonstrated that oral delivery of EVLV effectively alleviated UC in mice and TAT efficiently loaded biologics into EV to confer protection from degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. This therapeutic strategy is promising for UC and is a simple and generalizable approach towards drug-loaded orally-administrable EV treatment for other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Leijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ruibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhongqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Nan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Gang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - HaiFang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology & The Province and Ministry Co‐sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics & Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) & School of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Medical TechnologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
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Dascălu RC, Bărbulescu AL, Stoica LE, Dinescu ȘC, Biță CE, Popoviciu HV, Ionescu RA, Vreju FA. Review: A Contemporary, Multifaced Insight into Psoriasis Pathogenesis. J Pers Med 2024; 14:535. [PMID: 38793117 PMCID: PMC11122105 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic recurrent inflammatory autoimmune pathology with a significant genetic component and several interferences of immunological cells and their cytokines. The complex orchestration of psoriasis pathogenesis is related to the synergic effect of immune cells, polygenic alterations, autoantigens, and several other external factors. The major act of the IL-23/IL-17 axis, strongly influencing the inflammatory pattern established during the disease activity, is visible as a continuous perpetuation of the pro-inflammatory response and keratinocyte activation and proliferation, leading to the development of psoriatic lesions. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) offer a better view of psoriasis pathogenic pathways, with approximately one-third of psoriasis's genetic impact on psoriasis development associated with the MHC region, with genetic loci located on chromosome 6. The most eloquent genetic factor of psoriasis, PSORS1, was identified in the MHC I site. Among the several factors involved in its complex etiology, dysbiosis, due to genetic or external stimulus, induces a burst of pro-inflammatory consequences; both the cutaneous and gut microbiome get involved in the psoriasis pathogenic process. Cutting-edge research studies and comprehensive insights into psoriasis pathogenesis, fostering novel genetic, epigenetic, and immunological factors, have generated a spectacular improvement over the past decades, securing the path toward a specific and targeted immunotherapeutic approach and delayed progression to inflammatory arthritis. This review aimed to offer insight into various domains that underline the pathogenesis of psoriasis and how they influence disease development and evolution. The pathogenesis mechanism of psoriasis is multifaceted and involves an interplay of cellular and humoral immunity, which affects susceptible microbiota and the genetic background. An in-depth understanding of the role of pathogenic factors forms the basis for developing novel and individualized therapeutic targets that can improve disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucsandra Cristina Dascălu
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (R.C.D.); (C.E.B.); (F.A.V.)
| | - Andreea Lili Bărbulescu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Loredana Elena Stoica
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ștefan Cristian Dinescu
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (R.C.D.); (C.E.B.); (F.A.V.)
| | - Cristina Elena Biță
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (R.C.D.); (C.E.B.); (F.A.V.)
| | - Horațiu Valeriu Popoviciu
- Department of Rheumatology, BFK and Medical Rehabilitation, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Mures, Romania;
| | - Răzvan Adrian Ionescu
- Third Internal Medicine Department, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florentin Ananu Vreju
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (R.C.D.); (C.E.B.); (F.A.V.)
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5
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Wang C, Li M, Xia X, Fu Y, Wang Y, Xu W, Wei H, Wei L. Construction of exosome-loaded LL-37 and its protection against zika virus infection. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105855. [PMID: 38460762 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an enveloped, single-stranded and positive-stranded RNA virus of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. ZIKV can cross the placental barrier and infect the fetus, causing microcephaly, congenital ZIKV syndrome, and even fetal death. ZIKV infection can also lead to testicular damage and male sterility. But no effective drugs and vaccines are available up to now. Previous studies have shown that the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 can protect against ZIKV infection. However, LL-37 is a secreted peptide, which can be easily degraded in vivo. We herein constructed exosome-loaded LL-37 (named LL-37-TM-exo and TM-LL-37-exo) using the transmembrane protein TM to load LL-37 onto the membrane of exosome. We found that exosome-loaded LL-37 could significantly inhibit ZIKV infection in vitro and in vivo, and LL-37-TM-exo had stronger antiviral activity than that of TM-LL-37-exo, which could significantly reduce ZIKV-induced testicular injury and sperm injury, and had broad-spectrum antiviral effect. Compared to free LL-37, exosome-loaded LL-37 showed a better serum stability, higher efficiency to cross the placental barrier, and stronger antiviral activity. The mechanism of exosome-loaded LL-37 against ZIKV infection was consistent with that of free LL-37, which could directly inactivate viral particles, reduce the susceptibility of host cells, and act on viral replication stage. Our study provides a novel strategy for the development of LL-37 against viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiaohui Xia
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yuxuan Fu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hongqi Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| | - Lin Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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6
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Rommelaere S, Carboni A, Bada Juarez JF, Boquete JP, Abriata LA, Teixeira Pinto Meireles F, Rukes V, Vincent C, Kondo S, Dionne MS, Dal Peraro M, Cao C, Lemaitre B. A humoral stress response protects Drosophila tissues from antimicrobial peptides. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1426-1437.e6. [PMID: 38484734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
7An efficient immune system must provide protection against a broad range of pathogens without causing excessive collateral tissue damage. While immune effectors have been well characterized, we know less about the resilience mechanisms protecting the host from its own immune response. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small, cationic peptides that contribute to innate defenses by targeting negatively charged membranes of microbes. While protective against pathogens, AMPs can be cytotoxic to host cells. Here, we reveal that a family of stress-induced proteins, the Turandots, protect the Drosophila respiratory system from AMPs, increasing resilience to stress. Flies lacking Turandot genes are susceptible to environmental stresses due to AMP-induced tracheal apoptosis. Turandot proteins bind to host cell membranes and mask negatively charged phospholipids, protecting them from cationic pore-forming AMPs. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Turandot stress proteins mitigate AMP cytotoxicity to host tissues and therefore improve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rommelaere
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alexia Carboni
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juan F Bada Juarez
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Boquete
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luciano A Abriata
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Teixeira Pinto Meireles
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Verena Rukes
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Crystal Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, E1 4NS London, UK
| | - Shu Kondo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 162-8601 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marc S Dionne
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology and Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Matteo Dal Peraro
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chan Cao
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Dong S, Li D, Shi D. Skin barrier-inflammatory pathway is a driver of the psoriasis-atopic dermatitis transition. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1335551. [PMID: 38606161 PMCID: PMC11007107 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1335551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
As chronic inflammatory conditions driven by immune dysregulation are influenced by genetics and environment factors, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) have traditionally been considered to be distinct diseases characterized by different T cell responses. Psoriasis, associated with type 17 helper T (Th17)-mediated inflammation, presents as well-defined scaly plaques with minimal pruritus. AD, primarily linked to Th2-mediated inflammation, presents with poorly defined erythema, dry skin, and intense itching. However, psoriasis and AD may overlap or transition into one another spontaneously, independent of biological agent usage. Emerging evidence suggests that defects in skin barrier-related molecules interact with the polarization of T cells, which forms a skin barrier-inflammatory loop with them. This loop contributes to the chronicity of the primary disease or the transition between psoriasis and AD. This review aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying skin barrier defects in driving the overlap between psoriasis and AD. In this review, the importance of repairing the skin barrier was underscored, and the significance of tailoring biologic treatments based on individual immune status instead of solely adhering to the treatment guidelines for AD or psoriasis was emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitan Dong
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Department of Dermatology/Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Jining No.1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
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8
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Xuan W, Huang L, Xuan Y, Chen S, Tang J, Wei Y, Pan X, Hamblin MR. Use of the traditional Chinese medicine "compound healthy ear agent" to protect against age-related hearing loss in mice: A proteomics study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26914. [PMID: 38434421 PMCID: PMC10907787 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) called "compound healthy ear agent" (CHEA) had anti-apoptosis effects in cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons, and could protect mice hearing against presbycusis or age-related hearing loss (AHL), as well as aminoglycoside antibiotic-induced ototoxicity. Because its mechanisms of action are still unclear, we investigated the mechanism of action of CHEA against AHL in mice using proteomics techniques. Methods Eighteen C57BL/6J mice at 1 month of age were randomly divided into three groups: (A) drinking water until 2 months of age, K2M); (B) drinking water until 7 months of age to induce AHL, K7M; (C) drinking water containing CHEA daily until 7 months of age as treatment group, Z7M. At 2 or 7 months mice were sacrificed and their cochleae were removed for proteomics analysis. Results The numbers of proteins with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 1% were respectively 5873 for qualitative and 5492 for quantitative statistics. The numbers of proteins with differential enrichment at least 1.5-fold (p < 0.05) were respectively 351 for K7M vs K2M groups, 52 for Z7M vs K7M groups, 264 for Z7M vs K2M groups. The differentially expressed proteins in the Z7M group were involved in synaptic molecular transmission, energy metabolism, immune response, antioxidant defenses, and anti-apoptosis. Conclusion The TCM CHEA played a protective role against AHL in mice by regulating the expression of specific proteins and genes in cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons. Besides the pathways expected to be involved (antioxidant and anti-apoptosis), proteins related to immune response is a new finding of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Clinical Medical College and Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, International Zhuang Medical Hospital of Guangxi, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Liyi Huang
- Department of Infection, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Xuan
- School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sizhong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renai Branch Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Junbo Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renai Branch Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yulong Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, Ruikang Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xu Pan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Renai Branch Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
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9
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Moule MG, Benjamin AB, Buger ML, Herlan C, Lebedev M, Lin JS, Koster KJ, Wavare N, Adams LG, Bräse S, Barron AE, Cirillo JD. Peptide-mimetic treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a mouse model of respiratory infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.30.564794. [PMID: 37961726 PMCID: PMC10634950 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The rise of drug resistance has become a global crisis, with >1 million deaths due to resistant bacterial infections each year. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in particular, remains a serious problem with limited solutions due to complex resistance mechanisms that now lead to more than 32,000 multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections and over 2,000 deaths annually. While the emergence of resistant bacteria has become concerningly common, identification of useful new drug classes has been limited over the past 40+ years. We found that a potential novel therapeutic, the peptide-mimetic TM5, is effective at killing P. aeruginosa and displays sufficiently low toxicity for mammalian cells to allow for use in treatment of infections. Interestingly, TM5 kills P. aeruginosa more rapidly than traditional antibiotics, within 30-60 minutes in vitro , and is effective against a range of clinical isolates. In vivo , TM5 significantly reduced bacterial load in the lungs within 24 hours compared to untreated mice and demonstrated few adverse effects. Taken together, these observations suggest that TM5 shows promise as an alternative therapy for MDR P. aeruginosa respiratory infections.
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Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Fazel P, Fallah A, Sedighian H, Kachuei R, Behzadi E, Imani Fooladi AA. Host and Pathogen-Directed Therapies against Microbial Infections Using Exosome- and Antimicrobial Peptide-derived Stem Cells with a Special look at Pulmonary Infections and Sepsis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2166-2191. [PMID: 37495772 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Microbial diseases are a great threat to global health and cause considerable mortality and extensive economic losses each year. The medications for treating this group of diseases (antibiotics, antiviral, antifungal drugs, etc.) directly attack the pathogenic agents by recognizing the target molecules. However, it is necessary to note that excessive use of any of these drugs can lead to an increase in microbial resistance and infectious diseases. New therapeutic methods have been studied recently using emerging drugs such as mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which act based on two completely different strategies against pathogens including Host-Directed Therapy (HDT) and Pathogen-Directed Therapy (PDT), respectively. In the PDT approach, AMPs interact directly with pathogens to interrupt their intrusion, survival, and proliferation. These drugs interact directly with the cell membrane or intracellular components of pathogens and cause the death of pathogens or inhibit their replication. The mechanism of action of MSC-Exos in HDT is based on immunomodulation and regulation, promotion of tissue regeneration, and reduced host toxicity. This review studies the potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes/ATPs therapeutic properties against microbial infectious diseases especially pulmonary infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvindokht Fazel
- Department of Microbiology, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Fallah
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Sedighian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Kachuei
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Chen X, Su S, Yan Y, Yin L, Liu L. Anti- Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity of natural antimicrobial peptides when used alone or in combination with antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1239540. [PMID: 37731929 PMCID: PMC10508351 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1239540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has recently published a list of 12 drug-resistant bacteria that posed a significant threat to human health, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was among them. In China, P. aeruginosa is a common pathogen in hospital acquired pneumonia, accounting for 16.9-22.0%. It is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen that can infect individuals with weakened immune systems, leading to hospital-acquired acute and systemic infections. The excessive use of antibiotics has led to the development of various mechanisms in P. aeruginosa to resist conventional drugs. Thus, there is an emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, posing a major challenge to conventional antibiotics and therapeutic approaches. Antimicrobial peptides are an integral component of host defense and have been found in many living organisms. Most antimicrobial peptides are characterized by negligible host toxicity and low resistance rates, making them become promising for use as antimicrobial products. This review particularly focuses on summarizing the inhibitory activity of natural antimicrobial peptides against P. aeruginosa planktonic cells and biofilms, as well as the drug interactions when these peptides used in combination with conventional antibiotics. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of these antimicrobial peptides against P. aeruginosa strains was mainly related to destroy the membrane structure through interacting with LPS or increasing ROS levels, or targeting cellular components, leaded to cell lysis. Hopefully, this analysis will provide valuable experimental data on developing novel compounds to combat P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Safi R, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Bosch M, Demangel C, Parton RG, Pol A. Defensive-lipid droplets: Cellular organelles designed for antimicrobial immunity. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:113-136. [PMID: 36960679 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have developed many strategies to subvert host organisms, which, in turn, evolved several innate immune responses. As major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotes, lipid droplets (LDs) are an attractive source of nutrients for invaders. Intracellular viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites induce and physically interact with LDs, and the current view is that they "hijack" LDs to draw on substrates for host colonization. This dogma has been challenged by the recent demonstration that LDs are endowed with a protein-mediated antibiotic activity, which is upregulated in response to danger signals and sepsis. Dependence on host nutrients could be a generic "Achilles' heel" of intracellular pathogens and LDs a suitable chokepoint harnessed by innate immunity to organize a front-line defense. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the state of the conflict and discuss potential mechanisms driving the formation of the 'defensive-LDs' functioning as hubs of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Safi
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CMM), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Anand U, Dey A, Chandel AKS, Sanyal R, Mishra A, Pandey DK, De Falco V, Upadhyay A, Kandimalla R, Chaudhary A, Dhanjal JK, Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Pérez de la Lastra JM. Cancer chemotherapy and beyond: Current status, drug candidates, associated risks and progress in targeted therapeutics. Genes Dis 2023; 10:1367-1401. [PMID: 37397557 PMCID: PMC10310991 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an abnormal state of cells where they undergo uncontrolled proliferation and produce aggressive malignancies that causes millions of deaths every year. With the new understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) of disease progression, our knowledge about the disease is snowballing, leading to the evolution of many new therapeutic regimes and their successive trials. In the past few decades, various combinations of therapies have been proposed and are presently employed in the treatment of diverse cancers. Targeted drug therapy, immunotherapy, and personalized medicines are now largely being employed, which were not common a few years back. The field of cancer discoveries and therapeutics are evolving fast as cancer type-specific biomarkers are progressively being identified and several types of cancers are nowadays undergoing systematic therapies, extending patients' disease-free survival thereafter. Although growing evidence shows that a systematic and targeted approach could be the future of cancer medicine, chemotherapy remains a largely opted therapeutic option despite its known side effects on the patient's physical and psychological health. Chemotherapeutic agents/pharmaceuticals served a great purpose over the past few decades and have remained the frontline choice for advanced-stage malignancies where surgery and/or radiation therapy cannot be prescribed due to specific reasons. The present report succinctly reviews the existing and contemporary advancements in chemotherapy and assesses the status of the enrolled drugs/pharmaceuticals; it also comprehensively discusses the emerging role of specific/targeted therapeutic strategies that are presently being employed to achieve better clinical success/survival rate in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Arvind K. Singh Chandel
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rupa Sanyal
- Department of Botany, Bhairab Ganguly College (affiliated to West Bengal State University), Kolkata, West Bengal 700056, India
| | - Amarnath Mishra
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Valentina De Falco
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Arun Upadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandar Sindari, Kishangarh Ajmer, Rajasthan 305817, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana 506007, India
| | - Anupama Chaudhary
- Orinin-BioSystems, LE-52, Lotus Road 4, CHD City, Karnal, Haryana 132001, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- Department of Computational Biology, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi (IIIT-D), Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase III, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Vallamkondu
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology-Warangal, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - José M. Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, IPNA-CSIC, San Cristóbal de La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
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14
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Leite ML, Duque HM, Rodrigues GR, da Cunha NB, Franco OL. The LL-37 domain: a clue to cathelicidin immunomodulatory response? Peptides 2023; 165:171011. [PMID: 37068711 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are naturally occurring polypeptide sequences that, in addition to being active against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other parasites, may stimulate immunomodulatory responses. Cathelicidins, a family of HDPs, are produced by diverse animal species, such as mammals, fish, birds, amphibians, and reptiles, to protect them against pathogen infections. These peptides have variable C-terminal domains responsible for their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities and a highly conserved N-terminal pre-pro region homologous to cathelin. Although cathelicidins are the major components of innate immunity, the molecular basis by which they induce an immune response is still unclear. In this review, we will address the role of the LL-37 domain and its SK-24, IV-20, FK-13 and LL-37 fragments in the immunity response. Other cathelicidins also share structural and functional characteristics with the LL-37 domain, suggesting that these fragments may be responsible for interaction between these peptides and receptors in humans. Fragments of the LL-37 domain can give us clues about how homologous cathelicidins, in general, induce an immune response. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL: No data was used for the research described in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lopes Leite
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Harry Morales Duque
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Gisele Regina Rodrigues
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nicolau Brito da Cunha
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.
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15
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Ciulla MG, Gelain F. Structure-activity relationships of antibacterial peptides. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:757-777. [PMID: 36705032 PMCID: PMC10034643 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides play a crucial role in innate immunity, whose components are mainly peptide-based molecules with antibacterial properties. Indeed, the exploration of the immune system over the past 40 years has revealed a number of natural peptides playing a pivotal role in the defence mechanisms of vertebrates and invertebrates, including amphibians, insects, and mammalians. This review provides a discussion regarding the antibacterial mechanisms of peptide-based agents and their structure-activity relationships (SARs) with the aim of describing a topic that is not yet fully explored. Some growing evidence suggests that innate immunity should be strongly considered for the development of novel antibiotic peptide-based libraries. Also, due to the constantly rising concern of antibiotic resistance, the development of new antibiotic drugs is becoming a priority of global importance. Hence, the study and the understanding of defence phenomena occurring in the immune system may inspire the development of novel antibiotic compound libraries and set the stage to overcome drug-resistant pathogens. Here, we provide an overview of the importance of peptide-based antibacterial sources, focusing on accurately selected molecular structures, their SARs including recently introduced modifications, their latest biotechnology applications, and their potential against multi-drug resistant pathogens. Last, we provide cues to describe how antibacterial peptides show a better scope of action selectivity than several anti-infective agents, which are characterized by non-selective activities and non-targeted actions toward pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gessica Ciulla
- Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering (CNTE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gelain
- Institute for Stem-Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering (CNTE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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16
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Antiviral Peptides in Antimicrobial Surface Coatings—From Current Techniques to Potential Applications. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030640. [PMID: 36992349 PMCID: PMC10051592 DOI: 10.3390/v15030640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of pathogens through contact with contaminated surfaces is an important route for the spread of infections. The recent outbreak of COVID-19 highlights the necessity to attenuate surface-mediated transmission. Currently, the disinfection and sanitization of surfaces are commonly performed in this regard. However, there are some disadvantages associated with these practices, including the development of antibiotic resistance, viral mutation, etc.; hence, a better strategy is necessary. In recent years, peptides have been studied to be utilized as a potential alternative. They are part of the host immune defense and have many potential in vivo applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, immunomodulation, etc. Additionally, the ability of peptides to interact with different molecules and membrane surfaces of microorganisms has made it possible to exploit them in ex vivo applications such as antimicrobial (antibacterial and antiviral) coatings. Although antibacterial peptide coatings have been studied extensively and proven to be effective, antiviral coatings are a more recent development. Therefore, this study aims to highlight antiviral coating strategies and the current practices and application of antiviral coating materials in personal protective equipment, healthcare devices, and textiles and surfaces in public settings. Here, we have presented a review on potential techniques to incorporate peptides in current surface coating strategies that will serve as a guide for developing cost-effective, sustainable and coherent antiviral surface coatings. We further our discussion to highlight some challenges of using peptides as a surface coating material and to examine future perspectives.
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17
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Kayongo A, Robertson NM, Siddharthan T, Ntayi ML, Ndawula JC, Sande OJ, Bagaya BS, Kirenga B, Mayanja-Kizza H, Joloba ML, Forslund SK. Airway microbiome-immune crosstalk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1085551. [PMID: 36741369 PMCID: PMC9890194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1085551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has significantly contributed to global mortality, with three million deaths reported annually. This impact is expected to increase over the next 40 years, with approximately 5 million people predicted to succumb to COPD-related deaths annually. Immune mechanisms driving disease progression have not been fully elucidated. Airway microbiota have been implicated. However, it is still unclear how changes in the airway microbiome drive persistent immune activation and consequent lung damage. Mechanisms mediating microbiome-immune crosstalk in the airways remain unclear. In this review, we examine how dysbiosis mediates airway inflammation in COPD. We give a detailed account of how airway commensal bacteria interact with the mucosal innate and adaptive immune system to regulate immune responses in healthy or diseased airways. Immune-phenotyping airway microbiota could advance COPD immunotherapeutics and identify key open questions that future research must address to further such translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kayongo
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | | | - Trishul Siddharthan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Moses Levi Ntayi
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Josephine Caren Ndawula
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Obondo J. Sande
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bernard S. Bagaya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bruce Kirenga
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses L. Joloba
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sofia K. Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité - Universitatsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany,Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany,*Correspondence: Sofia K. Forslund,
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18
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Fang X, Nong K, Wang Z, Jin Y, Gao F, Zeng Q, Wang X, Zhang H. Human cathelicidin LL-37 exerts amelioration effects against EHEC O157:H7 infection regarding inflammation, enteric dysbacteriosis, and impairment of gut barrier function. Peptides 2023; 159:170903. [PMID: 36370932 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection impairs intestinal barrier function, causing intestinal inflammation and enteric dysbacteriosis. The human cathelicidin LL-37 can regulate excessive inflammatory responses, barrier function, and balance the intestinal microbial community; however, little is known about its effects on inflammation, intestinal barrier function, and microbiota disorders in EHEC O157:H7-infected mice. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of LL-37 against EHEC O157:H7 infection and elucidated the underlying mechanism using a mouse model. LL-37 treatment was found to inhibit body weight loss, restore edema and destruction of the intestinal villi, and significantly reduce epithelial apoptosis (P < 0.05) in EHEC O157:H7-infected mice. Furthermore, inflammatory infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils into the jejunum and colon was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). LL-37 significantly downregulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) (P < 0.05) and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) during EHEC O157:H7 infection. LL-37 increased the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1, ZO-2, claudin-1, and occludin), which are associated with intestinal barrier function, and had a positive effect on EHEC O157:H7-induced microbial disorders, particularly in terms of the inflammation-related microbiota. LL-37 also significantly decreased the E. coli load in the liver and spleen (P < 0.01) and restored the structure of the liver and kidney. Taken together, LL-37 conferred protection in a EHEC O157:H7-induced mouse model by reducing intestinal inflammation, enhancing intestinal barrier function, and restoring the balance of the intestinal microbiota, which indicates the therapeutic potential of LL-37 against pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Keyi Nong
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yuanli Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Qiuyu Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology of Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
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19
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Immune Activated Cellular Therapy for Drug Resistant Infections: Rationale, Mechanisms, and Implications for Veterinary Medicine. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9110610. [PMID: 36356087 PMCID: PMC9695672 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells have intrinsic antimicrobial properties, thus making them attractive as an alternative treatment strategy in chronic, drug-resistant bacterial infections. Recent evidence has suggested that these antimicrobial effects can be significantly enhanced by immune activation just prior to injection. This review examines the potential role for cellular therapies in treatment of drug resistant infections in veterinary medicine, drawing on insights across species and discussing the therapeutic potential of this approach overall in today’s veterinary patients. Abstract Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation both present challenges to treatment of bacterial infections with conventional antibiotic therapy and serve as the impetus for development of improved therapeutic approaches. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy exerts an antimicrobial effect as demonstrated in multiple acute bacterial infection models. This effect can be enhanced by pre-conditioning the MSC with Toll or Nod-like receptor stimulation, termed activated cellular therapy (ACT). The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of MSC with emphasis on enhanced effects through receptor agonism, and data supporting use of ACT in treatment of bacterial infections in veterinary species including dogs, cats, and horses with implications for further treatment applications. This review will advance the field’s understanding of the use of activated antimicrobial cellular therapy to treat infection, including mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic applications.
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20
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Lin J, Bekale LA, Molchanova N, Nielsen JE, Wright M, Bacacao B, Diamond G, Jenssen H, Santa Maria PL, Barron AE. Anti-persister and Anti-biofilm Activity of Self-Assembled Antimicrobial Peptoid Ellipsoidal Micelles. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1823-1830. [PMID: 36018039 PMCID: PMC9469094 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Although persister cells are the root cause of resistance development and relapse of chronic infections, more attention has been focused on developing antimicrobial agents against resistant bacterial strains than on developing anti-persister agents. Frustratingly, the global preclinical antibacterial pipeline does not include any anti-persister drug. Therefore, the central point of this work is to explore antimicrobial peptidomimetics called peptoids (sequence-specific oligo-N-substituted glycines) as a new class of anti-persister drugs. In this study, we demonstrate that one particular antimicrobial peptoid, the sequence-specific pentamer TM5, is active against planktonic persister cells and sterilizes biofilms formed by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, we demonstrate the potential of TM5 to inhibit cytokine production induced by lipopolysaccharides from Gram-negative bacteria. We anticipate that this work can pave the way to the development of new anti-persister agents based on antimicrobial peptoids of this class to simultaneously help address the crisis of bacterial resistance and reduce the occurrence of the relapse of chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer
S. Lin
- Department
of Bioengineering, School of Medicine & School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Laurent A. Bekale
- Department
of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Natalia Molchanova
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Josefine Eilsø Nielsen
- Department
of Bioengineering, School of Medicine & School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States,Department
of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Megan Wright
- Department
of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Brian Bacacao
- Department
of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Gill Diamond
- Department
of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, United States
| | - Håvard Jenssen
- Department
of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Peter L. Santa Maria
- Department
of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States,
| | - Annelise E. Barron
- Department
of Bioengineering, School of Medicine & School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States,
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21
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Ma S, Wang C, Dong Y, Jing W, Wei P, Peng C, Liu Z, Zhao B, Wang Y. Microsphere-Gel Composite System with Mesenchymal Stem Cell Recruitment, Antibacterial, and Immunomodulatory Properties Promote Bone Regeneration via Sequential Release of LL37 and W9 Peptides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38525-38540. [PMID: 35973165 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Various types of biomaterials have been widely used to treat complex bone defects. However, potential infection risks and inappropriate host immune responses induced by biomaterials can adversely affect the final bone repair outcome. Therefore, the development of novel bone biomaterials with antibacterial and immunomodulatory capabilities is conducive to achieving a good interaction between the host and material, thereby creating a local microenvironment favorable for osteogenesis and ultimately accelerating bone regeneration. In this study, we fabricated a porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) hydrogel containing LL37 peptides and polylactic-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres encapsulated with WP9QY(W9) peptide (LL37-W9/PLGA-SIS), which can fill irregular bone defects and exhibits excellent mechanical properties. In vitro experiments showed that the microsphere-gel composite system had sequential drug release characteristics. The LL37 peptide released first had good antibacterial performance and BMSC recruitment ability, which could prevent infection at an early stage and increase the number of BMSCs at the injured site. In addition, it also has immunomodulatory properties, showing both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities, but its early pro-inflammatory properties are more inclined to activate the M1 phenotype of macrophages. Moreover, the subsequently released W9 peptide not only reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes to alleviate inflammation and induced more macrophages to convert to M2 phenotypes but also promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. This finely regulated immune response is considered to be more closely related to the physiological bone healing process. When studying the interaction between macrophages and BMSCs mediated by the material, it was found that the immunomodulatory and osteogenic effects were enhanced. In vivo experiments, we constructed rat skull defect models, which further proved that LL37-W9/PLGA-SIS gel can properly regulate the immune response, and has a good ability to promote osteogenesis in situ. In conclusion, the LL37-W9/PLGA-SIS hydrogel has great application prospects in immune regulation and bone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Ma
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Chuanwen Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30070, China
| | - Yifan Dong
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30070, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
- Foshan (Southern China) Institute for New Materials, Foshan 528220, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30070, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Beijing Biosis Healing Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yonglan Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 30070, China
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22
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Golec M, Lemieszek MK, Dutkiewicz J, Milanowski J, Barteit S. A Scoping Analysis of Cathelicidin in Response to Organic Dust Exposure and Related Chronic Lung Illnesses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168847. [PMID: 36012117 PMCID: PMC9408003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over two billion people worldwide are exposed to organic dust, which can cause respiratory disorders. The discovery of the cathelicidin peptide provides novel insights into the lung’s response to organic dust; however, its role in the lung’s response to organic dust exposure and chronic lung diseases remains limited. We conducted a scoping review to map the current evidence on the role of cathelicidin LL-37/CRAMP in response to organic dust exposure and related chronic lung diseases: hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. We included a total of n = 53 peer-reviewed articles in this review, following the process of (i) a preliminary screening; (ii) a systematic MEDLINE/PubMed database search; (iii) title, abstract and full-text screening; (iv) data extraction and charting. Cathelicidin levels were shown to be altered in all clinical settings investigated; its pleiotropic function was confirmed. It was found that cathelicidin contributes to maintaining homeostasis and participates in lung injury response and repair, in addition to exerting a positive effect against microbial load and infections. In addition, LL-37 was found to sustain continuous inflammation, increase mucus formation and inhibit microorganisms and corticosteroids. In addition, studies investigated cathelicidin as a treatment modality, such as cathelicidin inhalation in experimental HP, which had positive effects. However, the primary focus of the included articles was on LL-37’s antibacterial effect, leading to the conclusion that the beneficial LL-37 activity has not been adequately examined and that further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Golec
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Kinga Lemieszek
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Dutkiewicz
- Department of Biological Health Hazards and Parasitology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Janusz Milanowski
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sandra Barteit
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Liang J, Chen J, Ye Z, Bao D. Cathelicidin LL-37 improves bone metabolic balance in rats with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis via the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Physiol Res 2022; 71:369-377. [PMID: 35616038 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and impaired bone microarchitecture due to the abnormal activity of osteoclasts. Cathelicidins are antimicrobial peptides present in the lysosomes of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. LL-37, a cathelicidin, induces various biological effects, including modulation of the immune system, angiogenesis, wound healing, cancer growth, as well as inflammation, and bone loss. A previous study reported direct involvement of LL-37 suppressing osteoclastogenesis in humans. Here, we examined the role of LL-37 in the treatment of osteoporosis using an ovariectomy (OVX) rat model. Our results showed that LL-37 significantly reduced bone loss and pathological injury in OVX rats with osteoporosis. Furthermore, we found that LL-37 significantly increased the activity of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in OVX rats with osteoporosis, including the increased expression of beta-catenin, Osterix (Osx), and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), whereas XAV-939, an inhibitor of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, significantly blocked the effects of LL-37 on bone loss and abnormal bone metabolism. Altogether, our findings suggested that LL-37 exerted a protective role in regulating bone loss and abnormal bone metabolism in rats with osteoporosis by activating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, China.
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24
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Rezaee M, Rismanchi H, Mohammadi MM, Babajani A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Anti-Neoplastic Agents: New Insight into Anticancer Mechanisms of Stem Cells and Exosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:900418. [PMID: 35874827 PMCID: PMC9298847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.900418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as adult multipotent cells, possess considerable regenerative and anti-neoplastic effects, from inducing apoptosis in the cancer cells to reducing multidrug resistance that bring them up as an appropriate alternative for cancer treatment. These cells can alter the behavior of cancer cells, the condition of the tumor microenvironment, and the activity of immune cells that result in tumor regression. It has been observed that during inflammatory conditions, a well-known feature of the tumor microenvironment, the MSCs produce and release some molecules called “antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)” with demonstrated anti-neoplastic effects. These peptides have remarkable targeted anticancer effects by attaching to the negatively charged membrane of neoplastic cells, disrupting the membrane, and interfering with intracellular pathways. Therefore, AMPs could be considered as a part of the wide-ranging anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs. This review focuses on the possible anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs-derived AMPs and their mechanisms. It also discusses preconditioning approaches and using exosomes to enhance AMP production and delivery from MSCs to cancer cells. Besides, the clinical administration of MSCs-derived AMPs, along with their challenges in clinical practice, were debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Rismanchi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Sorg H, Tilkorn DJ, Hauser J, Ring A. Improving Vascularization of Biomaterials for Skin and Bone Regeneration by Surface Modification: A Narrative Review on Experimental Research. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9070298. [PMID: 35877349 PMCID: PMC9311595 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9070298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial tissue substitutes are of great interest for the reconstruction of destroyed and non-functional skin or bone tissue due to its scarcity. Biomaterials used as scaffolds for tissue regeneration are non-vascularized synthetic tissues and often based on polymers, which need ingrowth of new blood vessels to ensure nutrition and metabolism. This review summarizes previous approaches and highlights advances in vascularization strategies after implantation of surface-modified biomaterials for skin and bone tissue regeneration. The efficient integration of biomaterial, bioactive coating with endogenous degradable matrix proteins, physiochemical modifications, or surface geometry changes represents promising approaches. The results show that the induction of angiogenesis in the implant site as well as the vascularization of biomaterials can be influenced by specific surface modifications. The neovascularization of a biomaterial can be supported by the application of pro-angiogenic substances as well as by biomimetic surface coatings and physical or chemical surface activations. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the geometric properties of the three-dimensional biomaterial matrix play a central role, as they guide or even enable the ingrowth of blood vessels into a biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Sorg
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Marien Hospital Witten, Marienplatz 2, 58452 Witten, Germany;
- Department of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58455 Witten, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Tilkorn
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Hellweg 100, 45276 Essen, Germany; (D.J.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Jörg Hauser
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Hellweg 100, 45276 Essen, Germany; (D.J.T.); (J.H.)
| | - Andrej Ring
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery, St. Rochus Hospital Castrop-Rauxel, Katholische St. Lukas Gesellschaft, Glückaufstraße 10, 44575 Castrop-Rauxel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-2305-294-2801
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26
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Antimicrobial peptides for tackling cystic fibrosis related bacterial infections: a review. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Jin M, Zhu J, Meng Z, Jiang X, Chen Z, Xu J, Gao H, Zhu J, Wu F. TiO 2nanotubes-MoS 2/PDA-LL-37 exhibits efficient anti-bacterial activity and facilitates new bone formation under near-infrared laser irradiation. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35748526 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac6470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2), as one of the titanium (Ti)-based implants, holds a promise for a variety of anti-bacterial application in medical research. In the current study, a functional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/polydopamine (PDA)-LL-37 coating on titanium dioxide (TiO2) implant was prepared. Anodic oxidation and hydrothermal treatment was given to prepare TiO2nanotubes-MoS2/PDA-LL-37 (T-M/P-L). Thein vitroosteogenic effect of T-M/P-L was evaluated by measuring mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization, collagen secretion and osteoblast-specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression. The determination on the anti-bacterial ability of T-M/P-L was followed. Furthermore, the ability of T-M/P-L to promote bone formationin vivowas evaluated. Near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation exposure enabled the T-M/P-L coating-endowed Ti substrates to hold effective anti-bacterial ability. T-M/P-L promoted the adhesion and proliferation of MSCs. In addition, an increase was witnessed regarding the ALP activity, collagen secretion and ECM mineralization, along with the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2, ALP and osteocalcin in the presence of T-M/P-L. Additionally, T-M/P-L could stimulate endothelial cells to secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and promote capillary-like tubule formation. Upon NIR laser irradiation exposure, T-M/P-L not only exhibited efficientin vivoanti-bacterial activity but also facilitated new bone formation. Collectively, T-M/P-L had enhanced anti-bacterial and osteogenic activity under NIR laser irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Jin
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juli Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesheng Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junkun Zhu
- Orthopedics Rehabilitation Department, Lishui Municipal Central Hospital, Lishui 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfeng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Huzhou Shushan Geriatric Hospital, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
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28
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The ratio of serum LL-37 levels to blood leucocyte count correlates with COVID-19 severity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9447. [PMID: 35676519 PMCID: PMC9175165 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBeneficial effects of vitamin D on COVID-19 progression have been discussed in several studies. Vitamin D stimulates the expression of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, and evidence shows that LL-37 can antagonize SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we investigated the association between LL-37 and vitamin D serum levels and the severity of COVID-19. To this end, 78 COVID-19 patients were divided into 5 groups according to disease severity. We determined serum levels of LL-37, vitamin D, and routine laboratory parameters. We demonstrated a correlation of CRP, IL-6, PCT, leukocyte count, and LDH with the severity of COVID-19. Our study did not demonstrate a direct relationship between serum levels of LL-37 and vitamin D and the severity of COVID-19. LL-37 is produced by granulocytes and released at the site of inflammation. Therefore, the analysis of LL-37 in broncho-alvelolar lavage rather than in patient serum seems critical. However, since LL-37 is produced by granulocytes, we determined serum LL-37 levels as a function of leukocyte count. The LL-37/leukocyte count ratio correlates highly significantly inversely proportional with COVID-19 severity. Our results indicate that the LL-37/leukocyte count ratio could be used to assess the risk of COVID-19 progression as early as hospital admission.
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29
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Zhuo H, Zhang X, Li M, Zhang Q, Wang Y. Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Derived from LL-37. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060754. [PMID: 35740160 PMCID: PMC9220503 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is a pathological condition involving tissues around dental implants that are characterized by inflammation of the peri-implant mucosa and progressive loss of supporting bone. We found that the antimicrobial peptide KR-12-3 (KRIVKWIKKFLR) derived from LL-37 had antibacterial properties against Streptococcus gordonii. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities and its underlying mechanisms. We evaluated the antibacterial activities of antimicrobial peptides in planktonic and biofilm states by measuring their minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and biofilm susceptibility. The effects of antimicrobial peptides on the production of IL-6 and IL-8 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and other experiments, and their toxicity to MC3T3-E1 cells was also studied. While maintaining low cytotoxicity, KR-12-3 exhibited growth inhibitory effects on S. gordonii in planktonic and biofilm states. Lower concentrations of KR-12-3 treatment reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.8 cells. The mechanisms underlying the inhibition of biofilm formation and anti-inflammatory effects have been associated with the low expression of related genes. KR-12-3 may be used to develop an antibacterial, anti-infective, and anti-inflammatory drugs for peri-implantitis.
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30
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Jin Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Han T, Chen Y, Wang C. Enhanced Antibacterial Ability and Bioactivity of Polyetherketoneketone Modified with LL-37. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4578-4588. [PMID: 35380840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) is considered to be a potential substitute material for metal bone implants because of its advantageous biocompatibility, chemical stability, and mechanical properties, but clinical application has been severely restricted due to PEKK's lack of antibacterial ability and biological activity. In this study, LL-37, a natural human antimicrobial peptide, was successfully modified on the PEKK surface with polydopamine as the intermediate layer and released continuously for more than 6 days. The results of the MTT assay, colony counts, and Live/Dead staining demonstrated that compared to unmodified PEKK, the LL-37-modified PEKK significantly inhibited the adhesion, vitality, and bacterial biofilm growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in a concentration-dependent way. Furthermore, the LL-37-modified PEKK enhanced biocompatibility (cell adhesion and viability) and promoted osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Our data suggested that LL-37-modified PEKK might be a promising material for use in orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yijin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tianlei Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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31
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Therapeutic Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides for Wound Healing. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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He T, Qu R, Zhang J. Current synthetic chemistry towards cyclic antimicrobial peptides. J Pept Sci 2021; 28:e3387. [PMID: 34931393 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have great potentials for developing novel antibiotics against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. However, the clinical application of AMPs is limited due to their poor protease stability and high hemolytic toxicity. Various strategies have been widely explored to improve the pharmacological properties of natural or artificial antimicrobial peptides, including D- or non-natural amino acid residue replacement, backbone modification, cyclization, PEGlytion, and lipidation. Among others, peptide cyclization, which has been widely applied to enhance the biostability and target selectivity of bioactive peptide, is a very appealing and promising strategy for developing novel antibiotics based on AMPs. Herein, we summarize the current strategies for synthesizing cyclic antimicrobial peptides and the resulting influence of peptide cyclization on the biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong He
- Innovative Drug Research Centre (IDRC), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Qu
- Innovative Drug Research Centre (IDRC), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre (IDRC), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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33
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How to Combat Gram-Negative Bacteria Using Antimicrobial Peptides: A Challenge or an Unattainable Goal? Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121499. [PMID: 34943713 PMCID: PMC8698890 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a promising and effective alternative for combating pathogens, having some advantages compared to conventional antibiotics. However, AMPs must also contend with complex and specialised Gram-negative bacteria envelops. The variety of lipopolysaccharide and phospholipid composition in Gram-negative bacteria strains and species are decisive characteristics regarding their susceptibility or resistance to AMPs. Such biological and structural barriers have created delays in tuning AMPs to deal with Gram-negative bacteria. This becomes even more acute because little is known about the interaction AMP–Gram-negative bacteria and/or AMPs’ physicochemical characteristics, which could lead to obtaining selective molecules against Gram-negative bacteria. As a consequence, available AMPs usually have highly associated haemolytic and/or cytotoxic activity. Only one AMP has so far been FDA approved and another two are currently in clinical trials against Gram-negative bacteria. Such a pessimistic panorama suggests that efforts should be concentrated on the search for new molecules, designs and strategies for combating infection caused by this type of microorganism. This review has therefore been aimed at describing the currently available AMPs for combating Gram-negative bacteria, exploring the characteristics of these bacteria’s cell envelop hampering the development of new AMPs, and offers a perspective regarding the challenges for designing new AMPs against Gram-negative bacteria.
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34
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Gabriel M, Holtappels R. Inactivation of an Enveloped Virus by Immobilized Antimicrobial Peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2480-2484. [PMID: 34755515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by viruses are difficult to treat due to their life cycle, which depends on the replication machinery of the respective host cells. Commonly used antiviral strategies are based upon the application of, e.g., entry inhibitors and other compounds that interfere with virus replication. Besides possible side effects, the rapid occurrence of viral resistance poses a great challenge. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), as a component of the innate immunity, are able to kill bacteria and fungi and, in addition, may inactivate enveloped viruses. Many AMPs exert their biological function by impairing microbial and viral membranes. As a result, membrane integrity is lost, leading to bacterial killing and virus inactivation. Covalently immobilized AMPs have been shown to be biocidal too, which is of special interest when the presence of a soluble agent is to be avoided. Here, we demonstrate the conjugation of the human AMP LL37 to a solid support consisting of cellulose beads and its capability to inactivate murine cytomegalovirus as an example. Virus inactivation was highly reduced by several orders of magnitude when an appropriate coupling strategy was chosen. Coupling the AMP via a long and hydrophilic polyethylene glycol spacer proved to perform less effective compared to LL37 immobilization using a short cross-linker. In addition, it was found that LL37-conjugated beads did not induce hemolysis, a prerequisite for the development of blood contacting applications. Our findings may serve as a basis for the development of an implementable device that is able to reduce the viral load under real-life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gabriel
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Dental Materials and Biomaterial Research, Department of Prosthodontics, Geriatric Dentistry and Craniomandibular Disorders, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, Berlin, DE 10117, Germany
| | - Rafaela Holtappels
- Institute for Virology and Research Center of Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, Mainz, DE 55101, Germany
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Li J, Jin ZH, Li JS, Su LY, Wang YX, Zhang Y, Qin DM, Rao GX, Wang RR. Activity of Compound Agrimony Enteritis Capsules against invasive candidiasis: Exploring the differences between traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions and its main components in the treatment of diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 277:114201. [PMID: 34015365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Compound Agrimony Enteritis Capsules (FFXHC) is an ethnomedicine derived from Yi Nationality Herbal Medicine for the treatment of enteritis. We found that compared to berberine hydrochloride (BBR), a component of this medicine, FFXHC was more efficacious in the mouse model of IC mice in significantly alleviating lung and intestinal lesions. " Our study provides a novel perspective into the pharmacological mechanism of action of the ethnic compound FFXHC. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the underlying mechanism of the superiority of FFXHC over BBR in IC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The susceptibility of Candida albicans to FFXHC was evaluated in vitro. The mouse model of IC was established and the survival rate, weight change, the number of organ colonies, and immune organ coefficient of the mice were determined, the effect of FFXHC on the immune function of mice, including changes in the number of immune cells, levels of the related inflammatory cytokines (INF-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-17A), and the antimicrobial peptide, LL-37 (CRAMP in mice), were determined. Mice feces were collected and changes in the intestinal microecology were studied. RESULTS Our findings indicated that FFXHC was not active against Candida albicans and did not restore the sensitivity of the resistant strain in vitro; however, it had a therapeutic effect that improve survival rate on mice with IC. The number of lymphocytes and neutrophils of mice with IC treated with FFXHC increased significantly. The intestinal microecology of mice was restored and the abundance of the probiotic Bacteroides was increased, which further stimulated the production of the antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, which is required for acquired immunity. Furthermore, the levels of Th cell-related cytokines, including INF-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A were significantly increased, whereas those of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and MCP-1, decreased. With the activation of acquired immunity, the immune function of mice was restored, the body weight and survival rate of mice improved considerably, the coefficients of the thymus and spleen increased, and the number of fungal colonies in the lung and kidney decreased. CONCLUSIONS FFXHC could eliminate fungi by increasing the relative abundance of probiotics in Bacteroides and the number of neutrophils, thereby promoting the production of CRAMP and resulting in a fungicidal effect, leading to acquired immunity. Although BBR has an antifungal effect, we found that it was not as effective as FFXHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ze-Hua Jin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Liu-Yan Su
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ying-Xian Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ding-Mei Qin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Gao-Xiong Rao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China; Engineering Laboratory for National Health Theory and Product of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Zhang QY, Yan ZB, Meng YM, Hong XY, Shao G, Ma JJ, Cheng XR, Liu J, Kang J, Fu CY. Antimicrobial peptides: mechanism of action, activity and clinical potential. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:48. [PMID: 34496967 PMCID: PMC8425997 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of bacterial infections is becoming a major clinical challenge due to the rapid evolution of antibiotic resistant bacteria. As an excellent candidate to overcome antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that are produced from the synthetic and natural sources demonstrate a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with the high specificity and low toxicity. These peptides possess distinctive structures and functions by employing sophisticated mechanisms of action. This comprehensive review provides a broad overview of AMPs from the origin, structural characteristics, mechanisms of action, biological activities to clinical applications. We finally discuss the strategies to optimize and develop AMP-based treatment as the potential antimicrobial and anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue-Ming Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Hong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Shao
- Department of Oncology, The 903rd Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Jie Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu-Rui Cheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Blvd. South, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jian Kang
- Oncogenic Signaling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Cai-Yun Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, No. 928, Street 2, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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Bosch M, Sweet MJ, Parton RG, Pol A. Lipid droplets and the host-pathogen dynamic: FATal attraction? J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202104005. [PMID: 34165498 PMCID: PMC8240858 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202104005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the ongoing conflict between eukaryotic cells and pathogens, lipid droplets (LDs) emerge as a choke point in the battle for nutrients. While many pathogens seek the lipids stored in LDs to fuel an expensive lifestyle, innate immunity rewires lipid metabolism and weaponizes LDs to defend cells and animals. Viruses, bacteria, and parasites directly and remotely manipulate LDs to obtain substrates for metabolic energy, replication compartments, assembly platforms, membrane blocks, and tools for host colonization and/or evasion such as anti-inflammatory mediators, lipoviroparticles, and even exosomes. Host LDs counterattack such advances by synthesizing bioactive lipids and toxic nucleotides, organizing immune signaling platforms, and recruiting a plethora of antimicrobial proteins to provide a front-line defense against the invader. Here, we review the current state of this conflict. We will discuss why, when, and how LDs efficiently coordinate and precisely execute a plethora of immune defenses. In the age of antimicrobial resistance and viral pandemics, understanding innate immune strategies developed by eukaryotic cells to fight and defeat dangerous microorganisms may inform future anti-infective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bosch
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthew J. Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert G. Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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Mirzaee M, Holásková E, Mičúchová A, Kopečný DJ, Osmani Z, Frébort I. Long-Lasting Stable Expression of Human LL-37 Antimicrobial Peptide in Transgenic Barley Plants. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:898. [PMID: 34438948 PMCID: PMC8388648 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides play a crucial role in the innate immune system of multicellular organisms. LL-37 is the only known member of the human cathelicidin family. As well as possessing antibacterial properties, it is actively involved in various physiological responses in eukaryotic cells. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in large-scale, low-cost, and microbial endotoxin-free production of LL-37 recombinant peptides for pharmaceutical applications. As a heterologous expression biofactory, we have previously obtained homologous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as an attractive vehicle for producing recombinant human LL-37 in the grain storage compartment, endosperm. The long-term stability of expression and inheritance of transgenes is necessary for the successful commercialization of recombinant proteins. Here, we report the stable inheritance and expression of the LL-37 gene in barley after six generations, including two consecutive seasons of experimental field cultivation. The transgenic plants showed normal growth and remained fertile. Based on the bacteria viability test, the produced peptide LL-37 retained high antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Mirzaee
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (E.H.); (A.M.); (Z.O.)
| | - Edita Holásková
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (E.H.); (A.M.); (Z.O.)
| | - Alžbeta Mičúchová
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (E.H.); (A.M.); (Z.O.)
| | - David J. Kopečný
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Zhila Osmani
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (E.H.); (A.M.); (Z.O.)
| | - Ivo Frébort
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (E.H.); (A.M.); (Z.O.)
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Morales-Primo AU, Becker I, Zamora-Chimal J. Neutrophil extracellular trap-associated molecules: a review on their immunophysiological and inflammatory roles. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:253-274. [PMID: 34036897 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1921174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a defense mechanism against pathogens. They are composed of DNA and various proteins and have the ability to hinder microbial spreading and survival. However, NETs are not only related to infections but also participate in sterile inflammatory events. In addition to DNA, NETs contain histones, serine proteases, cytoskeletal proteins and antimicrobial peptides, all of which have immunomodulatory properties that can augment or decrease the inflammatory response. Extracellular localization of these molecules alerts the immune system of cellular damage, which is triggered by recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through specific pattern recognition receptors. However, not all of these molecules are DAMPs and may have other immunophysiological properties in the extracellular space. The release of NETs can lead to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (due to TLR2/4/9 and inflammasome activation), the destruction of the extracellular matrix, activation of serine proteases and of matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs), modulation of cellular proliferation, induction of cellular migration and adhesion, promotion of thrombogenesis and angiogenesis and disruption of epithelial and endothelial permeability. Understanding the dynamics of NET-associated molecules, either individually or synergically, will help to unravel their role in inflammatory events and open novel perspectives for potential therapeutic targets. We here review molecules contained within NETS and their immunophysiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham U Morales-Primo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Zamora-Chimal
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Significance of Mast Cell Formed Extracellular Traps in Microbial Defense. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:160-179. [PMID: 34024033 PMCID: PMC8140557 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are critically involved in microbial defense by releasing antimicrobial peptides (such as cathelicidin LL-37 and defensins) and phagocytosis of microbes. In past years, it has become evident that in addition MCs may eliminate invading pathogens by ejection of web-like structures of DNA strands embedded with proteins known together as extracellular traps (ETs). Upon stimulation of resting MCs with various microorganisms, their products (including superantigens and toxins), or synthetic chemicals, MCs become activated and enter into a multistage process that includes disintegration of the nuclear membrane, release of chromatin into the cytoplasm, adhesion of cytoplasmic granules on the emerging DNA web, and ejection of the complex into the extracellular space. This so-called ETosis is often associated with cell death of the producing MC, and the type of stimulus potentially determines the ratio of surviving vs. killed MCs. Comparison of different microorganisms with specific elimination characteristics such as S pyogenes (eliminated by MCs only through extracellular mechanisms), S aureus (removed by phagocytosis), fungi, and parasites has revealed important aspects of MC extracellular trap (MCET) biology. Molecular studies identified that the formation of MCET depends on NADPH oxidase-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, we summarize the present state-of-the-art on the biological relevance of MCETosis, and its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. We also provide an overview over the techniques used to study the structure and function of MCETs, including electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy using specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to detect MCET-associated proteins such as tryptase and histones, and cell-impermeant DNA dyes for labeling of extracellular DNA. Comparing the type and biofunction of further MCET decorating proteins with ETs produced by other immune cells may help provide a better insight into MCET biology in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders as well as microbial defense.
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Li L, Peng Y, Yuan Q, Sun J, Zhuang A, Bi X. Cathelicidin LL37 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation in vitro and Bone Regeneration in vivo. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:638494. [PMID: 34012955 PMCID: PMC8126666 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.638494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Different types of biomaterials have been used to repair the defect of bony orbit. However, exposure and infections are still critical risks in clinical application. Biomaterials with characteristics of osteogenesis and antibiosis are needed for bone regeneration. In this study, we aimed to characterize the antimicrobial effects of cathelicidin-LL37 and to assess any impacts on osteogenic activity. Furthermore, we attempted to demonstrate the feasibility of LL37 as a potential strategy in the reconstruction of clinical bone defects. Human adipose-derived mesenchyme stem cells (hADSCs) were cultured with different concentrations of LL37 and the optimum concentration for osteogenesis was selected for further in vitro studies. We then evaluated the antibiotic properties of LL37 at the optimum osteogenic concentration. Finally, we estimated the efficiency of a PSeD/hADSCs/LL37 combined scaffold on reconstructing bone defects in the rat calvarial defect model. The osteogenic ability on hADSCs in vitro was shown to be dependent on the concentration of LL37 and reached a peak at 4 μg/ml. The optimum concentration of LL37 showed good antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus anurans. The combination scaffold of PSeD/hADSCs/LL37 showed superior osteogenic properties compared to the PSeD/hADSCs, PSeD, and control groups scaffolds, indicating a strong bone reconstruction effect in the rat calvarial bone defect model. In Conclusion, LL37 was shown to promote osteogenic differentiation in vitro as well as antibacterial properties. The combination of PSeD/hADSCs/LL37 was advantageous in the rat calvarial defect reconstruction model, showing high potential in clinical bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunhao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyu Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyue Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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Li CH, Chen J, Nie L, Chen J. MOSPD2 is a receptor mediating the LEAP-2 effect on monocytes/macrophages in a teleost, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris. Zool Res 2021; 41:644-655. [PMID: 33124217 PMCID: PMC7671916 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) is a cationic peptide that plays an important role in a host's innate immune system. We previously demonstrated that mudskipper ( Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) LEAP-2 (BpLEAP-2) induces chemotaxis and activation of monocytes/ macrophages (MO/MФ). However, the molecular mechanism by which BpLEAP-2 regulates MO/MΦ remains unclear. In this study, we used yeast two-hybrid cDNA library screening to identify mudskipper protein(s) that interacted with BpLEAP-2, and characterized a sequence encoding motile sperm domain-containing protein 2 (BpMOSPD2). The interaction between BpLEAP-2 and BpMOSPD2 was subsequently confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Sequence analyses revealed that the predicted BpMOSPD2 contained an N-terminal extracellular portion composed of a CRAL-TRIO domain and a motile sperm domain, a C-terminal transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that BpMOSPD2 grouped tightly with fish MOSPD2 homologs and was most closely related to that of the Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). The recombinant BpMOSPD2 was produced by prokaryotic expression and the corresponding antibody was prepared for protein concentration determination. RNA interference was used to knockdown BpMOSPD2 expression in the mudskipper MO/MФ, and the knockdown efficiency was confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. Knockdown of BpMOSPD2 significantly inhibited BpLEAP-2-induced chemotaxis of mudskipper MO/MФ and BpLEAP-2-induced bacterial killing activity. Furthermore, knockdown of BpMOSPD2 inhibited the effect of BpLEAP-2 on mRNA expression levels of BpIL-10, BpTNFα, BpIL-1β, and BpTGFβ in MO/MФ. In general, BpMOSPD2 directly interacted with BpLEAP-2, and mediated the effects of BpLEAP-2 on chemotaxis and activation of mudskipper MO/MФ. This is the first identification of MOSPD2 as a receptor for LEAP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China.,College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Li Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China. E-mail:
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Krawiec P, Pac-Kożuchowska E. Cathelicidin - A Novel Potential Marker of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:163-174. [PMID: 33519224 PMCID: PMC7837565 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s288742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cathelicidin is a multifunctional host defense peptide which may also exert pro-inflammatory signals and contribute to the development of autoimmune disorders. We aimed to assess serum concentration of cathelicidin in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared to healthy controls and to evaluate its relationship with disease activity and phenotype. Patients and Methods The study group included 68 children with IBD. The control group comprised 20 children with functional abdominal pain. All patients and controls were tested for complete blood count, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and cathelicidin. Stool samples were collected to assess calprotectin. Results Cathelicidin was significantly increased in patients with ulcerative colitis (1073.39±214.52 ng/mL) and Crohn’s disease (1057.63±176.03 ng/mL) patients compared to controls (890.56±129.37 ng/mL) (H=16.28; p=0.0003). Cathelicidin was significantly elevated in children with active IBD (1044.90±176.17 ng/mL) and IBD remission (1098.10±227.87 ng/mL) compared to controls (Z=3.21; p=0.001; Z=−4.12; p<0.0001, respectively). Negative correlation between cathelicidin and calprotectin in children with ulcerative colitis was found (R=−0.39; p=0.02). Cathelicidin exhibited AUC of 0.815 for differentiation children with ulcerative colitis from the control group. Conclusion Serum cathelicidin is increased in children with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis regardless of clinical activity of the disease suggesting that it may be a potential biomarker of IBD. Inverse correlation between cathelicidin and fecal calprotectin may imply a disparate role of these molecules in the pathophysiology of pediatric ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Krawiec
- Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Antipseudomonal and Immunomodulatory Properties of Esc Peptides: Promising Features for Treatment of Chronic Infectious Diseases and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020557. [PMID: 33429882 PMCID: PMC7826692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infections, such as those provoked by the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, can induce inflammation with lung tissue damage and progressive alteration of respiratory function. Therefore, compounds having both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities are certainly of great advantage in fighting infectious diseases and chronic inflammation. We recently demonstrated the potent antipseudomonal efficacy of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Esc(1-21) and its diastereomer Esc(1-21)-1c, namely Esc peptides. Here, we confirmed this antimicrobial activity by reporting on the peptides’ ability to kill P. aeruginosa once internalized into alveolar epithelial cells. Furthermore, by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analyses, we investigated the peptides’ ability to detoxify the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by studying their effects on the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 as well as on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 from macrophages activated by P. aeruginosa LPS. In addition, by a modified scratch assay we showed that both AMPs are able to stimulate the closure of a gap produced in alveolar epithelial cells when cell migration is inhibited by concentrations of Pseudomonas LPS that mimic lung infection conditions, suggesting a peptide-induced airway wound repair. Overall, these results have highlighted the two Esc peptides as valuable candidates for the development of new multifunctional therapeutics for treatment of chronic infectious disease and inflammation, as found in CF patients.
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Lin X, Wang R, Mai S. Advances in delivery systems for the therapeutic application of LL37. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Fabisiak N, Fabisiak A, Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska A, Tymczyna L, Kamysz W, Kordek R, Bauer M, Kamysz E, Fichna J. Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of human cathelicidin active fragment KR-12 in the mouse models of colitis: a novel potential therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:163-171. [PMID: 33219923 PMCID: PMC7862075 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic gastrointestinal tract disorders with complex etiology, with intestinal dysbiosis as the most prominent factor. In this study, we assessed the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial actions of the human cathelicidin LL-37 and its shortest active fragment, KR-12 in the mouse models of colitis. Materials and methods Mouse models of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) were used in the study. The extent of inflammation was evaluated based on the macro- and microscopic scores, quantification of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and microbiological analysis of stool samples. Results A preliminary study with LL-37 and KR-12 (1 mg/kg, ip, twice daily) showed a decrease in macroscopic and ulcer scores in the acute TNBS-induced model of colitis. We observed that KR-12 (5 mg/kg, ip, twice daily) reduced microscopic and ulcer scores in the semi-chronic and chronic TNBS-induced models of colitis compared with inflamed mice. Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative changes in colonic microbiota were observed: KR-12 (5 mg/kg, ip, twice daily) decreased the overall number of bacteria, Escherichia coli and coli group bacteria. In the semi-chronic DSS-induced model, KR-12 attenuated intestinal inflammation as demonstrated by a reduction in macroscopic score and colon damage score and MPO activity. Conclusions We demonstrated that KR-12 alleviates inflammation in four different mouse models of colitis what suggests KR-12 and cathelicidins as a whole are worth being considered as a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Fabisiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Fabisiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Leszek Tymczyna
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Environment, University of Agriculture in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kamysz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Radzisław Kordek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Bauer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kamysz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
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Antimicrobial peptides: bridging innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:2966-2975. [PMID: 33237697 PMCID: PMC7752697 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small molecules produced by a myriad of cells and play important roles not only in protecting against infections and sustaining skin barrier homeostasis but also in contributing to immune dysregulation under pathological conditions. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that AMPs, including cathelicidin (LL-37), human β-defensins, S100 proteins, lipocalin 2, and RNase 7, are highly expressed in psoriatic skin lesions. These peptides broadly regulate immunity by interacting with various immune cells and linking innate and adaptive immune responses during the progression of psoriasis. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding AMPs in the pathogenesis of psoriasis with a main focus on their immunomodulatory abilities.
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Zhang C, Liu K, Hou J. Extending the vitamin D pathway to vitamin D 3 and CYP27A1 in periodontal ligament cells. J Periodontol 2020; 92:44-53. [PMID: 33107041 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In periodontal connective tissue cells, the vitamin D pathway has been elucidated, and vitamin D3 in the main storage form, 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25[OH]D3 ), and the functional form, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25[OH]2 D3 ), have been found to induce the expression of human cationic antimicrobial protein (hCAP-18)/LL-37. Moreover, synergistic effects between Toll-like receptor agonists and 25(OH)D3 have been reported. This research aimed at extending the vitamin D pathway to vitamin D3 and CYP27A1 in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) to further explore its function in periodontal inflammatory reaction. METHODS Vitamin D3 was used to stimulate hPDLCs in the presence or absence of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS). Conversely, CYP27A1 RNA interference was performed to further validate the findings. The mRNA expression of hCAP-18 was determined with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were also detected. The cell supernatant levels of LL-37 were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Vitamin D3 significantly enhanced the generation of hCAP-18/LL-37. A combination of Pg-LPS and vitamin D3 significantly promoted hCAP-18/LL-37 expression. When the expression of CYP27A1 was knocked down with RNA interference, the induction of hCAP-18/LL-37 expression was significantly inhibited. Therefore, the mRNA levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 in hPDLCs were significantly decreased through the vitamin D pathway. CONCLUSION The vitamin D pathway from vitamin D3 to hCAP-18/LL-37 exists in hPDLCs, and CYP27A1 might be involved in periodontal immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Churen Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Kaining Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxia Hou
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Characterization of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Tissue Factors in Rosacea: A Pilot study. COSMETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics7040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease mainly affecting the facial skin. Our aim was to determine the appearance of pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines in rosacea-affected facial tissue. Materials and Methods: Rosacea tissue were obtained from eight patients (aged 35 to 50 years). The control group (CG) included four facial skin samples (49 to 70 years). Routine staining and immunohistochemistry for IL-1, IL-10, LL-37, HBD-2, and HBD-4 proceeded. Results: Inflammation was observed in all the rosacea samples. A statistically significant difference was seen between epithelial HBD-2 positive cells in comparison to the control. There was a strong positive correlation between HBD-4 in the epithelium and HBD-4 in the connective tissue, IL-10 in the epithelium and IL-1 in the connective tissue, and IL-1 in the epithelium and IL-10 in the connective tissue. Conclusion: Increased levels of IL-10 and decreased levels of IL-1 show the balance between anti- and pro-inflammatory tissue responses. A significant amount of HBD-2 in the epithelium proves its important role in the local immune response of rosacea-affected tissue. The last effect seems to be intensified by the elevated level of LL-37 in the epithelium.
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Bosch M, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Fajardo A, Kapetanovic R, Steiner B, Dutra F, Moreira L, López JA, Campo R, Marí M, Morales-Paytuví F, Tort O, Gubern A, Templin RM, Curson JEB, Martel N, Català C, Lozano F, Tebar F, Enrich C, Vázquez J, Del Pozo MA, Sweet MJ, Bozza PT, Gross SP, Parton RG, Pol A. Mammalian lipid droplets are innate immune hubs integrating cell metabolism and host defense. Science 2020; 370:370/6514/eaay8085. [PMID: 33060333 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay8085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are the major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotic cells and a source of nutrients for intracellular pathogens. We demonstrate that mammalian LDs are endowed with a protein-mediated antimicrobial capacity, which is up-regulated by danger signals. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), multiple host defense proteins, including interferon-inducible guanosine triphosphatases and the antimicrobial cathelicidin, assemble into complex clusters on LDs. LPS additionally promotes the physical and functional uncoupling of LDs from mitochondria, reducing fatty acid metabolism while increasing LD-bacterial contacts. Thus, LDs actively participate in mammalian innate immunity at two levels: They are both cell-autonomous organelles that organize and use immune proteins to kill intracellular pathogens as well as central players in the local and systemic metabolic adaptation to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bosch
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC). 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Fajardo
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Bernhard Steiner
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Filipe Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.040-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Moreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.040-900, Brazil
| | - Juan Antonio López
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Vascular Pathophysiology Area, CNIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Campo
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Vascular Pathophysiology Area, CNIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Marí
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.,Hepatocellular Signaling and Cancer Team, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frederic Morales-Paytuví
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivia Tort
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Gubern
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachel M Templin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James E B Curson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nick Martel
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Cristina Català
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System Team, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System Team, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory, Vascular Pathophysiology Area, CNIC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Cell and Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC). 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Patricia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21.040-900, Brazil
| | - Steven P Gross
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. .,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona
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