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Deng M, Tang R, Xu Y, Xu Y, Chen L. GDF11 promotes osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells to accelerate dentin restoration via modulating SIRT3/FOXO3-mediated mitophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113092. [PMID: 39317051 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is considered to be a potential molecular target for treating pulpitis. However, whether GDF11 regulates osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to mediate pulpitis process remains unclear. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation conditions in DPSCs. The levels of GDF11, sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), forkhead box O-3 (FOXO3), osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation-related markers were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB). Immunofluorescence staining was used to measure mitophagy. Mitophagy-related proteins were analyzed by WB, and the levels of inflammation factors were examined using qRT-PCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red S intensity were evaluated to assess osteogenic differentiation. Acute pulp (AP) injury rat model was constructed to study the role of oe-GDF11 in vivo. RESULTS GDF11 was downregulated in LPS-induced DPSCs, and LPS suppressed osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation and mitophagy. GDF11 overexpression promoted osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation in DPSCs through the activation of mitophagy. Furthermore, GDF11 upregulated SIRT3 to enhance FOXO3 expression by inhibiting its acetylation. GDF11 ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation and promoted osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation in DPSCs via enhancing SIRT3/FOXO3-mediated mitophagy. Besides, GDF11 overexpression suppressed inflammation and promoted dentin repair in AP rat models. CONCLUSION GDF11 promoted SIRT3/FOXO3-mediated mitophagy to accelerate osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation in DPSCs, providing a novel target for pulpitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsi Deng
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, PR China; Department of Orthodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Ruimin Tang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yani Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yafen Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha City, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Liangjian Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, PR China.
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2
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Strosahl J, Ye K, Pazdro R. Novel insights into the pleiotropic health effects of growth differentiation factor 11 gained from genome-wide association studies in population biobanks. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:837. [PMID: 39237910 PMCID: PMC11378601 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10710-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily that has gained considerable attention over the last decade for its observed ability to reverse age-related deterioration of multiple tissues, including the heart. Yet as many researchers have struggled to confirm the cardioprotective and anti-aging effects of GDF11, the topic has grown increasingly controversial, and the field has reached an impasse. We postulated that a clearer understanding of GDF11 could be gained by investigating its health effects at the population level. METHODS AND RESULTS We employed a comprehensive strategy to interrogate results from genome-wide association studies in population Biobanks. Interestingly, phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) of GDF11 tissue-specific cis-eQTLs revealed associations with asthma, immune function, lung function, and thyroid phenotypes. Furthermore, PheWAS of GDF11 genetic variants confirmed these results, revealing similar associations with asthma, immune function, lung function, and thyroid health. To complement these findings, we mined results from transcriptome-wide association studies, which uncovered associations between predicted tissue-specific GDF11 expression and the same health effects identified from PheWAS analyses. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we report novel relationships between GDF11 and disease, namely asthma and hypothyroidism, in contrast to its formerly assumed role as a rejuvenating factor in basic aging and cardiovascular health. We propose that these associations are mediated through the involvement of GDF11 in inflammatory signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the health effects of GDF11 at the population level and warrant future studies investigating the role of GDF11 in these specific health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Strosahl
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kaixiong Ye
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Robert Pazdro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, 305 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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3
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Xu J, Yan Y, Zong S, Ye W, Zheng J, Min C, Wang Q, Li Z. Rapid and sustained response to luspatercept and eltrombopag combined treatment in one case of clonal cytopenias of undetermined significance with prior failure to cyclosporin and androgen therapy: a case report. Ther Adv Hematol 2024; 15:20406207241260353. [PMID: 38911444 PMCID: PMC11191611 DOI: 10.1177/20406207241260353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) has the characteristics of high-risk transformation into myelodysplastic syndromes. At present, there are few effective treatments for CCUS, and there is no consensus or evidence-based recommendation. We present a case demonstrating a rapid, significant and sustained response to combined treatment with luspatercept and eltrombopag, following the failure of cyclosporin and androgen therapy. Even after discontinuing luspatercept for 10 months, trilineage haematopoiesis remained normal with the use of cyclosporin and other haematopoietic stimulants. This case suggests that the inhibition of transforming growth factor-β could potentially have an immunomodulatory effect, thereby promoting the recovery of haematopoietic function. Luspatercept, along with Acalabrutinib or Cyclosporine, may synergistically stimulate haematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yixin Yan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siwen Zong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wencan Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jifu Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chao Min
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingming Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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4
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Aslan NA, Avcı E, Şenol H, Güler N. GDF11 level and its effect on prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. J Investig Med 2024; 72:341-348. [PMID: 38415361 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241238218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the proliferation of CD34 positive self-renewing malignant hematopoietic stem cells. Previous studies have shown that the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway plays a role in AML pathogenesis, especially by affecting the microenvironment. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the TGFβ superfamily, involved in embryological development and known as rejuvenating factor. In this study, our aim was to determine the serum GDF11 level in patients with AML, to compare it with the control group, to determine its relationship with follistatin, vimentin, and E-cadherin levels, and to determine whether GDF11 influences AML prognosis. Serum GDF11, vimentin, follistatin, and E-cadherin levels of newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory AML patients and age- and gender-matched control group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum GDF11 level was higher in the patient group (263.87 ± 126.54 ng/L) compared to the control group (211.54 ± 61.47 ng/L; p = 0.035). GDF11 level did not change according to age, gender, hemoglobin level, and bone marrow blast rate. No correlation was found between GDF11 level, response rates, and survival status of the patients. A positive correlation was detected between GDF11, E-cadherin, and vimentin levels. As a conclusion, increased serum GDF11 levels in AML patients may be linked to the regeneration ability of leukemic stem cells. There is a need for studies investigating GDF11 expression in myeloblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esin Avcı
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hande Şenol
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nil Güler
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey
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Chen CC, Lee TL, Tsai IT, Hsuan CF, Hsu CC, Wang CP, Lu YC, Lee CH, Chung FM, Lee YJ, Wei CT. Tissue Expression of Growth Differentiation Factor 11 in Patients with Breast Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:701. [PMID: 38611614 PMCID: PMC11011301 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) plays crucial roles in cellular processes, including differentiation and development; however, its clinical relevance in breast cancer patients is poorly understood. We enrolled 68 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery at our hospital and assessed the expression of GDF11 in tumorous, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and non-tumorous tissues using immunohistochemical staining, with interpretation based on histochemical scoring (H-score). Our results indicated higher GDF11 expressions in DCIS and normal tissues compared to tumorous tissues. In addition, the GDF11 H-score was lower in the patients with a tumor size ≥ 2 cm, pathologic T3 + T4 stages, AJCC III-IV stages, Ki67 ≥ 14% status, HER2-negative, and specific molecular tumor subtypes. Notably, the patients with triple-negative breast cancer exhibited a loss of GDF11 expression. Spearman correlation analysis revealed associations between GDF11 expression and various clinicopathological characteristics, including tumor size, stage, Ki67, and molecular subtypes. Furthermore, GDF11 expression was positively correlated with mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and negatively correlated with neutrophil count, as well as standard deviation and coefficient of variation of red cell distribution width. These findings suggest that a decreased GDF11 expression may play a role in breast cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Chen
- Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (I.-T.T.); (C.-F.H.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Thung-Lip Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-P.W.); (F.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (I.-T.T.); (C.-F.H.)
- Department of Emergency, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Feng Hsuan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (I.-T.T.); (C.-F.H.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-P.W.); (F.-M.C.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 80794, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- Health Examination Center, E-Da Dachang Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 80794, Taiwan
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ping Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-P.W.); (F.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine for International Students, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Hsun Lee
- Department of Pathology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Fu-Mei Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (C.-P.W.); (F.-M.C.)
| | - Yau-Jiunn Lee
- Lee’s Endocrinologic Clinic, Pingtung 90000, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Ting Wei
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
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6
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Lan Z, Lv Z, Zuo W, Xiao Y. From bench to bedside: The promise of sotatercept in hematologic disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115239. [PMID: 37516019 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sotatercept (ACE-011) is an activin receptor IIA-Fc (ActRIIA-Fc) fusion protein currently under investigation for its potential in the treatment of hematologic diseases. By impeding the activities of the overexpressed growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), activin A, and other members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, commonly found in hematologic disorders, sotatercept aims to restore the normal functioning of red blood cell maturation and osteoblast differentiation. This action is anticipated to enhance anemia management and hinder the progression of myeloma. Simultaneously, comprehensive research is ongoing to investigate sotatercept's pharmacokinetics and potential adverse reactions, thus laying a robust foundation for its prospective clinical use. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of TGF-β pathways in physiological and hematologic disorder contexts, outline the potential mechanism of sotatercept, and delve into its pharmacokinetics and clinical research advancements in various hematologic diseases. A particular emphasis is given to the relationship between sotatercept dosage and its efficacy or associated adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Lan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhaohua Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wanyun Zuo
- Department of Hematology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yichao Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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7
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Sawalha K, Norgard NB, Drees BM, López-Candales A. Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15), a New Biomarker in Heart Failure Management. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2023; 20:287-299. [PMID: 37289373 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-023-00610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of biomarkers across medicine's subspecialties continues to evolve. In essence, a biomarker is a biological observation that clearly substitutes a clinical endpoint or intermediate outcome not only are more difficult to observe but also, biomarkers are easier, less expensive and could be measured over shorter periods. In general, biomarkers are versatile and not only used for disease screening and diagnosis but, most importantly, for disease characterization, monitoring, and determination of prognosis as well as individualized therapeutic responses. Obviously, heart failure (HF) is no exception to the use of biomarkers. Currently, natriuretic peptides are the most used biomarkers for both diagnosis and prognostication, while their role in the monitoring of treatment is still debatable. Although several other new biomarkers are currently under investigation regarding diagnosis and determination of prognosis, none of them are specific for HF, and none are recommended for routine clinical use at present. However, among these emerging biomarkers, we would like to highlight the potential for growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 as a plausible new biomarker that could be helpful in providing prognostic information regarding HF morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Sawalha
- Cardiometabolic Medicine Fellowship, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Health, Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2301 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA.
| | - Nicholas B Norgard
- Department of Medicine, University Health Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Betty M Drees
- Department(s) of Internal Medicine, Biomedical and Health Informatics, Section of Endocrinology, UMKC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Angel López-Candales
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Health, Truman Medical Center, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2301 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
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8
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Rochette L, Dogon G, Rigal E, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Growth differentiation factor 11: A proangiogenic drug as a potential antiaging regulating molecule. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 116:41-46. [PMID: 36572608 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organs and tissues are subjected to numerous alterations during aging, as a result of complex biochemical changes. Aging is certainly associated with the accumulation of "antiaging" and "proaging" factors in the systemic circulation. The effects of young blood on rejuvenation of regenerative capacity suggest the existence of multiple "proyouthful" factors, such as growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), in the young blood of animals. GDF11 is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily of cytokines, and appears to be a critical rejuvenation factor in aging organs. In the context of aging, GDF11 promotes vascular and neural plasticity of the central nervous system. Parabiosis, the surgical linking of circulations between old and young mice, was employed to identify GDF11 as an antihypertrophic factor that appears to rejuvenate the aging murine heart. Current theories suggest that GDF11 in young blood has beneficial effects on cognitive and cardiovascular functions and wound healing. The cellular mechanisms of GDF11 in cardiovascular, neurological, skin and skeletal muscle diseases are not clearly defined, but evidence indicates that it may function as a proneurogenic and proangiogenic drug. GDF11 binds and activates specific receptor complexes, which transmit signals by two procedures: the TGFβ-Smad pathway and the bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-Smad pathway. GDF11 is perhaps only the first in a series of circulating molecules that will be found to influence the aging of different tissues, and it may be a potential candidate for therapeutic intervention against angiogenesis-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Geoffrey Dogon
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Eve Rigal
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU de Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
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Gerardo-Ramírez M, German-Ramirez N, Escobedo-Calvario A, Chávez-Rodríguez L, Bucio-Ortiz L, Souza-Arroyo V, Miranda-Labra RU, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Gomez-Quiroz LE. The hepatic effects of GDF11 on health and disease. Biochimie 2022; 208:129-140. [PMID: 36584866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a member of the superfamily of the transforming growth factor β, has gained relevance in the last few years due to its remarkable effects in cellular biology, particularly in the nervous system, skeletal muscle, the heart, and many epithelial tissues. Some controversies have been raised about this growth factor. Many of them have been related to technical factors but also the nature of the cellular target. In liver biology and pathobiology, the GDF11 has shown to be related in many molecular aspects, with a significant impact on the physiology and the initiation and progression of the natural history of liver diseases. GDF11 has been involved as a critical regulator in lipid homeostasis, which, as it is well known, is the first step in the progression of liver disease. However, also it has been reported that the GDF11 is involved in fibrosis, senescence, and cancer. Although there are some controversies, much of the literature indicates that GDF11 displays effects tending to solve or mitigate pathological states of the liver, with reasonable evidence of correlation with other organs or systems. To a large extent, the controversy, as mentioned, is due to technical problems, such as the specificity of GDF11 antibodies, confusion with its closer family member, myostatin, and the state of differentiation in the tissues. In the present work, we reviewed the specific effects of GDF11 in the biology and pathobiology of the liver as a potential and promising factor for therapeutic intervention shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Gerardo-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental y Carcinogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; First Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natanael German-Ramirez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental y Carcinogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metrolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Escobedo-Calvario
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental y Carcinogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metrolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lisette Chávez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental y Carcinogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Posgrado en Biología Experimental, DCBS, Universidad Autónoma Metrolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Bucio-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental y Carcinogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Traslacional IIB/UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Verónica Souza-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental y Carcinogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Traslacional IIB/UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roxana U Miranda-Labra
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental y Carcinogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Traslacional IIB/UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Concepción Gutiérrez-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental y Carcinogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Traslacional IIB/UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis E Gomez-Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental y Carcinogénesis, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Unidad de Medicina Traslacional IIB/UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Song L, Wu F, Li C, Zhang S. Dietary intake of GDF11 delays the onset of several biomarkers of aging in male mice through anti-oxidant system via Smad2/3 pathway. Biogerontology 2022; 23:341-362. [PMID: 35604508 PMCID: PMC9125541 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Current studies have generated controversy over the age-related change in concentration of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and its role in the genesis of rejuvenation conditions. In this study, we displayed rGDF11 on the surface of Yarrowic Lipolytica (Y. lipolytica), and proved the bioavailability of the yeast-displayed rGDF11 by oral delivery in aged male mice. On the basis of these findings, we started to explore the anti-aging activity and underlying mechanisms of displayed rGDF11. It was found that dietary intake of displayed rGDF11 had little influence on the body weight and biochemical parameters of aged male mice, but delayed the occurrence and development of age-related biomarkers such as lipofuscin (LF) and senescence-associated-β-galactosidase, and to some extent, prolonged the lifespan of aged male mice. Moreover, we demonstrated once again that dietary intake of displayed rGDF11 enhanced the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and slowed down the protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. Importantly, we showed for the first time that rGDF11 enhanced the activity of CAT, SOD and GPX through activation of the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Our study also provided a simple and safe route for delivery of recombinant GDF11, facilitating its therapeutic application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Song
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Congjun Li
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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11
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Li Y, Li Y, Li L, Wang H, Wang B, Feng L, Lin S, Li G. The emerging translational potential of GDF11 in chronic wound healing. J Orthop Translat 2022; 34:113-120. [PMID: 35891714 PMCID: PMC9283991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic skin wounds impose immense suffers and economic burdens. Current research mainly focuses on acute wound management which exhibits less effective in chronic wound healing. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has profound effects on several important physiological processes related to chronic wound healing, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. This review summarizes recent advances in biology of chronic wounds and the potential role of GDF11 on wound healing with its regenerative effects, as well as the potential delivery methods of GDF11. The challenges and future perspectives of GDF11-based therapy for chronic wound care are also discussed. The Translational Potential of this Article: This review summarized the significance of GDF11 in the modulation of inflammation, vascularization, cell proliferation, and remodeling, which are important physiological processes of chronic wound healing. The potential delivery methods of GDF11 in the management of chronic wound healing is also summarized. This review may provide potential therapeutic approaches based on GDF11 for chronic wound healing.
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Rochette L, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. GDF15: an emerging modulator of immunity and a strategy in COVID-19 in association with iron metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:875-889. [PMID: 34593305 PMCID: PMC8423996 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 encodes the structural proteins spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). The receptor-binding domain on the surface subunit S1 is responsible for attachment of the virus to angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is highly expressed in host cells. The cytokine storm observed in patients with COVID-19 contributes to the endothelial vascular dysfunction, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan failure, alteration in iron homeostasis, and death. Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins, has a pivotal role in the development and progression of diseases because of its role as a metabolic regulator. In COVID-19, GDF15 activity increases in response to tissue damage. GDF15 appears to be a strong predictor of poor outcomes in patients critically ill with COVID-19 and acts as an 'inflammation-induced central mediator of tissue tolerance' via its metabolic properties. In this review, we examine the potential properties of GDF15 as an emerging modulator of immunity in COVID-19 in association with iron metabolism. The virus life cycle in host cell provides potential targets for drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases Research Unit (PEC2, EA 7460), University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 21079 Dijon, France.
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases Research Unit (PEC2, EA 7460), University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Cardiology Unit, Dijon Bourgogne University Hospital, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular Diseases Research Unit (PEC2, EA 7460), University of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 21079 Dijon, France
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Wang DX, Zhu XD, Ma XR, Wang LB, Dong ZJ, Lin RR, Cao YN, Zhao JW. Loss of Growth Differentiation Factor 11 Shortens Telomere Length by Downregulating Telomerase Activity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:726345. [PMID: 34588995 PMCID: PMC8473905 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.726345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of telomere length is essential to delay replicative cellular senescence. It is controversial on whether growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) can reverse cellular senescence, and this work aims to establish the causality between GDF11 and the telomere maintenance unequivocally. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technique and a long-term in vitro culture model of cellular senescence, we show here that in vitro genetic deletion of GDF11 causes shortening of telomere length, downregulation of telomeric reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomeric RNA component (TERC), the key enzyme and the RNA component for extension of the telomere, and reduction of telomerase activity. In contrast, both recombinant and overexpressed GDF11 restore the transcription of TERT in GDF11KO cells to the wild-type level. Furthermore, loss of GDF11-induced telomere shortening is likely caused by enhancing the nuclear entry of SMAD2 which inhibits the transcription of TERT and TERC. Our results provide the first proof-of-cause-and-effect evidence that endogenous GDF11 plays a causal role for proliferative cells to maintain telomere length, paving the way for potential rejuvenation of the proliferative cells, tissues, and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Xian Wang
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Ma
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Dong
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Rong Lin
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Na Cao
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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GDF15 and Cardiac Cells: Current Concepts and New Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168889. [PMID: 34445593 PMCID: PMC8396208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor α-like (GFRAL) is an endogenous receptor for GDF15 detected selectively in the brain. GDF15 is not normally expressed in the tissue but is prominently induced by “injury”. Serum levels of GDF15 are also increased by aging and in response to cellular stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. It acts as an inflammatory marker and plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative processes. Identified as a new heart-derived endocrine hormone that regulates body growth, GDF15 has a local cardioprotective role, presumably due to its autocrine/paracrine properties: antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic. GDF15 expression is highly induced in cardiomyocytes after ischemia/reperfusion and in the heart within hours after myocardial infarction (MI). Recent studies show associations between GDF15, inflammation, and cardiac fibrosis during heart failure and MI. However, the reason for this increase in GDF15 production has not been clearly identified. Experimental and clinical studies support the potential use of GDF15 as a novel therapeutic target (1) by modulating metabolic activity and (2) promoting an adaptive angiogenesis and cardiac regenerative process during cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we comment on new aspects of the biology of GDF15 as a cardiac hormone and show that GDF15 may be a predictive biomarker of adverse cardiac events.
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15
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Zhang C, Lin Y, Zhang K, Meng L, Hu X, Chen J, Zhu W, Yu H. GDF11 enhances therapeutic functions of mesenchymal stem cells for angiogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:456. [PMID: 34384486 PMCID: PMC8359078 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of stem cell therapy for ischemia repair has been limited by low cell retention rate. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β super family, which has multiple effects on development, physiology and diseases. The objective of the study is to investigate whether GDF11 could affect the efficacy of stem cell transplantation. METHODS We explored the effects of GDF11 on proangiogenic activities of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for angiogenic therapy in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs were transduced with lentiviral vector to overexpress GDF11 (MSCGDF11). After exposed to hypoxia and serum deprivation for 48 h, MSCGDF11 were significantly better in viability than control MSCs (MSCvector). MSCGDF11 also had higher mobility and better angiogenic paracrine effects. The cytokine antibody array showed more angiogenic cytokines in the conditioned medium of MSCGDF11 than that of MSCvector, such as epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, placenta growth factor. When MSCs (1 × 106 cells in 50 μl) were injected into ischemic hindlimb of mice after femoral artery ligation, MSCGDF11 had higher retention rate in the muscle than control MSCs. Injection of MSCGDF11 resulted in better blood reperfusion and limb salvage than that of control MSCs after 14 days. Significantly more CD31+ endothelial cells and α-SMA + smooth muscle cells were detected in the ischemic muscles that received MSCGDF11. The effects of GDF11 were through activating TGF-β receptor and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated an essential role of GDF11 in promoting therapeutic functions of MSCs for ischemic diseases by enhancing MSC viability, mobility, and angiogenic paracrine functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinuo Lin
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Obstetrics, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Luyang Meng
- grid.440280.aDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghai Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of CardiologySecond Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
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Dou F, Wu B, Chen J, Liu T, Yu Z, Chen C. PPAR α Targeting GDF11 Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Cell Senescence in an Atherosclerosis Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2045259. [PMID: 33728018 PMCID: PMC7935606 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2045259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a complex vascular disease that seriously harms the health of the elderly. It is closely related to endothelial cell aging, but the role of senescent cells in atherogenesis remains unclear. Studies have shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) inhibits the development of AS by regulating lipid metabolism. Our previous research showed that PPARα was involved in regulating the repair of damaged vascular endothelial cells. Using molecular biology and cell biology approaches to detect senescent cells in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe -/-) mice, we found that PPARα delayed atherosclerotic plaque formation by inhibiting vascular endothelial cell senescence, which was achieved by regulating the expression of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11). GDF11 levels declined with age in several organs including the myocardium, bone, central nervous system, liver, and spleen in mice and participated in the regulation of aging. Our results showed that PPARα inhibited vascular endothelial cell senescence and apoptosis and promoted vascular endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis by increasing GDF11 production. Taken together, these results demonstrated that PPARα inhibited vascular endothelial cell aging by promoting the expression of the aging-related protein GDF11, thereby delaying the occurrence of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Dou
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Beiling Wu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiulin Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
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GDF11 alleviates secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage via attenuating mitochondrial dynamic abnormality and dysfunction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3974. [PMID: 33597668 PMCID: PMC7889617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83545-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious public health problem with high rates of death and disability. The neuroprotective effect of Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11) in ICH has been initially proved by our previous study. Oxidative stress (OS) plays crucial roles in mediating subsequent damage of ICH. However, whether and how mitochondrial dynamic events and function participated in ICH pathophysiology, and how mitochondrial function and OS interreacted in the neuroprotective process of GDF11 in ICH remains unclarified. Based on the rat model of ICH and in vitro cell model, we demonstrated that GDF11 could alleviate ICH induced neurological deficits, brain edema, OS status, neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory reaction. In addition, mitochondrial functional and structural impairments were obviously restored by GDF11. Treatment with antioxidant protected against erythrocyte homogenate (EH) induced cell injury by restoring OS status and mitochondrial fusion fission imbalance, which was similar to the effect of GDF11 treatment. Further, inhibition of mitochondrial division with Mdivi-1 attenuated mitochondrial functional defects and neuronal damages. In conclusion, our results for the first time proposed that GDF11 protected the post-ICH secondary injury by suppressing the feedback loop between mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial dynamic alteration, resulting in attenuated mitochondrial function and amelioration of neural damage.
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Pham HG, Mukherjee S, Choi MJ, Yun JW. BMP11 regulates thermogenesis in white and brown adipocytes. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:496-510. [PMID: 33527439 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-11 (BMP11), also known as growth differentiation factor-11 (GDF11), is implicated in skeletal development and joint morphogenesis in mammals. However, its functions in adipogenesis and energy homeostasis are mostly unknown. The present study investigates crucial roles of BMP11 in cultured 3T3-L1 white and HIB1B brown adipocytes, using Bmp11 gene depletion and pharmacological inhibition of BMP11. The silencing of Bmp11 markedly decreases the expression levels of brown-fat signature proteins and beige-specific genes in white adipocytes and significantly down-regulates the expression levels of brown fat-specific genes in brown adipocytes. The deficiency of Bmp11 reduces the expressions of lipolytic protein markers in white and brown adipocytes. Moreover, BMP11 induces browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes via coordination of multiple signalling pathways, including mTORC1-COX2 and p38MAPK-PGC-1α as non-canonical pathways, as well as Smad1/5/8 as a canonical pathway. We believe this study is the first to provide evidence of the potential roles of BMP11 for improvement of lipid catabolism in both cultured white and brown adipocytes, as well as the effect on browning of white adipocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrate the therapeutic potential for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Giang Pham
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Sulagna Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Min Ji Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Skin Immunomodulation during Regeneration: Emerging New Targets. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020085. [PMID: 33573342 PMCID: PMC7911085 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSC) are present within the hypodermis and are also expected to play a pivotal role in wound healing, immunomodulation, and rejuvenation activities. They orchestrate, through their exosome, the mechanisms associated to cell differentiation, proliferation, and cell migration by upregulating genes implicated in different functions including skin barrier, immunomodulation, cell proliferation, and epidermal regeneration. ADSCs directly interact with their microenvironment and specifically the immune cells, including macrophages and T and B cells, resulting in differential inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms impacting, in return, ADSCs microenvironment and thus skin function. These useful features of ADSCs are involved in tissue repair, where the required cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory responses should occur rapidly in damaged sites. Different pathways involved have been reported such as Growth Differentiation Factor-11 (GDF11), Tumor Growth Factor (TGF)-β, Metalloproteinase (MMP), microRNA, and inflammatory cytokines that might serve as specific biomarkers of their immunomodulating capacity. In this review, we try to highlight ADSCs’ network and explore the potential indicators of their immunomodulatory effect in skin regeneration and aging. Assessment of these biomarkers might be useful and should be considered when designing new clinical therapies using ADSCs or their specific exosomes focusing on their immunomodulation activity.
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Abstract
The regeneration capacity of cardiomyocytes (CMs) is retained in neonatal mouse hearts but is limited in adult mouse hearts. Myocardial infarction (MI) in adult hearts usually leads to the loss of large amounts of cardiac tissue, and then accelerates the process of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the potential mechanisms of CM regeneration in the neonates and develop potential therapies aimed at promoting CM regeneration and cardiac repair in adults. Currently, studies indicate that a number of mechanisms are involved in neonatal endogenous myocardial regeneration, including cell cycle regulators, transcription factors, non-coding RNA, signaling pathways, acute inflammation, hypoxia, protein kinases, and others. Understanding the mechanisms of regeneration in neonatal CMs after MI provides theoretical support for the studies related to the promotion of heart repair after MI in adult mammals. However, several difficulties in the study of CM regeneration still need to be overcome. This article reviews the potential mechanisms of endogenous CM regeneration in neonatal mouse hearts and discusses possible therapeutic targets and future research directions.
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Rybtsova N, Berezina T, Kagansky A, Rybtsov S. Can Blood-Circulating Factors Unveil and Delay Your Biological Aging? Biomedicines 2020; 8:E615. [PMID: 33333870 PMCID: PMC7765271 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the population of over 60 will double in the next 30 years in the developed countries, which will enforce a further raise of the retirement age and increase the burden on the healthcare system. Therefore, there is an acute issue of maintaining health and prolonging active working longevity, as well as implementation of early monitoring and prevention of premature aging and age-related disorders to avoid early disability. Traditional indicators of biological age are not always informative and often require extensive and expensive analysis. The study of blood factors is a simple and easily accessible way to assess individual health and supplement the traditional indicators of a person's biological age with new objective criteria. With age, the processes of growth and development, tissue regeneration and repair decline; they are gradually replaced by enhanced catabolism, inflammatory cell activity, and insulin resistance. The number of senescent cells supporting the inflammatory loop rises; cellular clearance by autophagy and mitophagy slows down, resulting in mitochondrial and cellular damage and dysfunction. Monitoring of circulated blood factors not only reflects these processes, but also allows suggesting medical intervention to prevent or decelerate the development of age-related diseases. We review the age-related blood factors discussed in recent publications, as well as approaches to slowing aging for healthy and active longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rybtsova
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
| | - Tatiana Berezina
- Department of Scientific Basis of Extreme Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 127051 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
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22
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Frohlich J, Vinciguerra M. Candidate rejuvenating factor GDF11 and tissue fibrosis: friend or foe? GeroScience 2020; 42:1475-1498. [PMID: 33025411 PMCID: PMC7732895 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11 or bone morphogenetic protein 11, BMP11) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and is closely related to other family member-myostatin (also known as GDF8). GDF11 was firstly identified in 2004 due to its ability to rejuvenate the function of multiple organs in old mice. However, in the past few years, the heralded rejuvenating effects of GDF11 have been seriously questioned by many studies that do not support the idea that restoring levels of GDF11 in aging improves overall organ structure and function. Moreover, with increasing controversies, several other studies described the involvement of GDF11 in fibrotic processes in various organ setups. This review paper focuses on the GDF11 and its pro- or anti-fibrotic actions in major organs and tissues, with the goal to summarize our knowledge on its emerging role in regulating the progression of fibrosis in different pathological conditions, and to guide upcoming research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frohlich
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
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Rochette L, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Insights Into Mechanisms of GDF15 and Receptor GFRAL: Therapeutic Targets. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:939-951. [PMID: 33172749 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) belongs to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily proteins. GDF15 acts as an inflammatory marker, and it plays a role in pathogenesis of tumors, ischemic diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative processes. GDF15 is not normally expressed in the tissue; it is prominently induced following 'injury'. GDF15 functions are critical for the regulation of endothelial adaptations after vascular damage. Recently, four research groups simultaneously identified glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-family receptor α-like (GFRAL) in the brain, an orphan receptor as the receptor for GDF15, signaling through the coreceptor RET. In this article, new aspects of the biology of GDF15 and receptor GFRAL, and their relationship with various pathologies, are commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Research team, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2, EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 7 boulevard Jeanne d' Arc, 21079 DIJON, France.
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Research team, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2, EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 7 boulevard Jeanne d' Arc, 21079 DIJON, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Research team, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2, EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 7 boulevard Jeanne d' Arc, 21079 DIJON, France; Cardiology Unit, Dijon University Hospital Center, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Research team, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebro-Cardiovascular diseases (PEC2, EA 7460), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, 7 boulevard Jeanne d' Arc, 21079 DIJON, France
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Activin Receptor-Ligand Trap for the Treatment of β-thalassemia: A Serendipitous Discovery. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2020; 12:e2020075. [PMID: 33194149 PMCID: PMC7643807 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2020.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
β-thalassemia is a hereditary disorder caused by defective production of β-globin chains of hemoglobin (Hb) that leads to an increased α/β globins ratio with subsequent free α-globins. Alpha globin excess causes oxidative stress, red blood cells membrane damage, premature death of late-stage erythroid precursors, resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis. The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily signaling acts on biological processes, such as cell quiescence, apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and migration, and plays an essential role in regulating the hematopoiesis. This pathway can lose its physiologic regulation in pathologic conditions, leading to anemia and ineffective erythropoiesis. Activin receptor-ligand trap molecules such as Sotatercept and Luspatercept downregulate the TGF-β pathway, thus inhibiting the Smad2/3 cascade and alleviating anemia in patients with β-thalassemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. In this review, we describe in extenso the TGF-β pathway, as well as the molecular and biological basis of activin receptors ligand traps, focusing on their role in various β-thalassemia experimental models. The most recent results from clinical trials on sotatercept and luspatercept will also be reviewed.
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25
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Frohlich J, Kovacovicova K, Mazza T, Emma MR, Cabibi D, Foti M, Sobolewski C, Oben JA, Peyrou M, Villarroya F, Soresi M, Rezzani R, Cervello M, Bonomini F, Alisi A, Vinciguerra M. GDF11 induces mild hepatic fibrosis independent of metabolic health. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20024-20046. [PMID: 33126224 PMCID: PMC7655202 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background & aims: Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11) is an anti-aging factor, yet its role in liver diseases is not established. We evaluated the role of GDF11 in healthy conditions and in the transition from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Results: GDF11 mRNA levels positively correlated with NAFLD activity score and with CPT1, SREBP, PPARγ and Col1A1 mRNA levels, and associated to portal fibrosis, in morbidly obese patients with NAFLD/NASH. GDF11-treated mice showed mildly exacerbated hepatic collagen deposition, accompanied by weight loss and without changes in liver steatosis or inflammation. GDF11 triggered ALK5-dependent SMAD2/3 nuclear translocation and the pro-fibrogenic activation of HSC. Conclusions: GDF11 supplementation promotes mild liver fibrosis. Even considering its beneficial metabolic effects, caution should be taken when considering therapeutics that regulate GDF11. Methods: We analyzed liver biopsies from a cohort of 33 morbidly obese adults with NAFLD/NASH. We determined the correlations in mRNA expression levels between GDF11 and genes involved in NAFLD-to-NASH progression and with pathological features. We also exposed wild type or obese mice with NAFLD to recombinant GDF11 by daily intra-peritoneal injection and monitor the hepatic pathological changes. Finally, we analyzed GDF11-activated signaling pathways in hepatic stellate cells (HSC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frohlich
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Kovacovicova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria R Emma
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Cabibi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Foti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jude A Oben
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Marion Peyrou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Interdepartmental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Interdepartmental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- Research Area for Multifactorial Diseases, Research Unit of Molecular Genetics of Complex Phenotypes, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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26
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Mazini L, Rochette L, Malka G. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) and Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11): Regenerative and Antiaging Capacity for the Skin. Regen Med 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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27
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Zhu J, Fu Y, Tu G. Role of Smad3 inhibitor and the pyroptosis pathway in spinal cord injury. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1675-1681. [PMID: 32742397 PMCID: PMC7388327 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Smad3 inhibitors and the pyroptosis pathway in spinal cord injury, and to determine the underlying mechanism. The pyroptosis signaling pathway may be involved in spinal cord injury during the recovery period. Smad3 inhibitor may serve a role in alleviating spinal cord injury by reducing the pyroptosis of neurons, which is induced by caspase-1, absent in melanoma-2 or NOD-like receptors protein-1 during the recovery period of spinal cord injury. In the present study, spinal cord injury was alleviated by caspase-1 and Smad3 inhibitors. Therefore, a Smad3 inhibitor could relieve spinal cord injury in mice by directly downregulating caspase-1 and reducing neuron pyroptosis following spinal cord injury during the recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Huanggu, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Guanjun Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Heping, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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28
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Zhang C, Lin Y, Liu Q, He J, Xiang P, Wang D, Hu X, Chen J, Zhu W, Yu H. Growth differentiation factor 11 promotes differentiation of MSCs into endothelial-like cells for angiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8703-8717. [PMID: 32588524 PMCID: PMC7412688 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β super family. It has multiple effects on development, physiology and diseases. However, the role of GDF11 in the development of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is not clear. To explore the effects of GDF11 on the differentiation and pro-angiogenic activities of MSCs, mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs were engineered to overexpress GDF11 (MSCGDF11 ) and their capacity for differentiation and paracrine actions were examined both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of endothelial markers CD31 and VEGFR2 at the levels of both mRNA and protein was significantly higher in MSCGDF11 than control MSCs (MSCVector ) during differentiation. More tube formation was observed in MSCGDF11 as compared with controls. In an in vivo angiogenesis assay with Matrigel plug, MSCGDF11 showed more differentiation into CD31+ endothelial-like cells and better pro-angiogenic activity as compared with MSCVector . Mechanistically, the enhanced differentiation by GDF11 involved activation of extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (EIF4E). Inhibition of either TGF-β receptor or ERK diminished the effect of GDF11 on MSC differentiation. In summary, our study unveils the function of GDF11 in the pro-angiogenic activities of MSCs by enhancing endothelial differentiation via the TGFβ-R/ERK/EIF4E pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinuo Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhua He
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dianliang Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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Cassani M, Fernandes S, Vrbsky J, Ergir E, Cavalieri F, Forte G. Combining Nanomaterials and Developmental Pathways to Design New Treatments for Cardiac Regeneration: The Pulsing Heart of Advanced Therapies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:323. [PMID: 32391340 PMCID: PMC7193099 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The research for heart therapies is challenged by the limited intrinsic regenerative capacity of the adult heart. Moreover, it has been hampered by the poor results obtained by tissue engineering and regenerative medicine attempts at generating functional beating constructs able to integrate with the host tissue. For this reason, organ transplantation remains the elective treatment for end-stage heart failure, while novel strategies aiming to promote cardiac regeneration or repair lag behind. The recent discovery that adult cardiomyocytes can be ectopically induced to enter the cell cycle and proliferate by a combination of microRNAs and cardioprotective drugs, like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulants and anti-platelets agents, fueled the quest for new strategies suited to foster cardiac repair. While proposing a revolutionary approach for heart regeneration, these studies raised serious issues regarding the efficient controlled delivery of the therapeutic cargo, as well as its timely removal or metabolic inactivation from the site of action. Especially, there is need for innovative treatment because of evidence of severe side effects caused by pleiotropic drugs. Biocompatible nanoparticles possess unique physico-chemical properties that have been extensively exploited for overcoming the limitations of standard medical therapies. Researchers have put great efforts into the optimization of the nanoparticles synthesis and functionalization, to control their interactions with the biological milieu and use as a viable alternative to traditional approaches. Nanoparticles can be used for diagnosis and deliver therapies in a personalized and targeted fashion. Regarding the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, nanoparticles-based strategies have provided very promising outcomes, in preclinical studies, during the last years. Efficient encapsulation of a large variety of cargos, specific release at the desired site and improvement of cardiac function are some of the main achievements reached so far by nanoparticle-based treatments in animal models. This work offers an overview on the recent nanomedical applications for cardiac regeneration and highlights how the versatility of nanomaterials can be combined with the newest molecular biology discoveries to advance cardiac regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cassani
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Soraia Fernandes
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Vrbsky
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ece Ergir
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
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30
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Anti-Aging Effects of GDF11 on Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072598. [PMID: 32283613 PMCID: PMC7177281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis. The epidermis has four major cell layers made up of keratinocytes in varying stages of progressive differentiation. Skin aging is a multi-factorial process that affects every phase of its biology and function. The expression profiles of inflammation-related genes analyzed in resident immune cells demonstrated that these cells have a strong ability to regenerate adult skin stem cells and to produce endogenous substances such as growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11). GDF11 appears to be the key to progenitor proliferation and/or differentiation. The preservation of youthful phenotypes has been tied to the presence of GDF11 in different human tissues, and, in the skin, this factor inhibits inflammatory responses. The protective role of GDF11 depends on a multi-factorial process implicating various types of skin cells such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. GDF11 should be further studied for the purpose of developing novel therapies for the treatment of skin diseases.
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31
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Meloux A, Rochette L, Maza M, Bichat F, Tribouillard L, Cottin Y, Zeller M, Vergely C. Growth Differentiation Factor-8 (GDF8)/Myostatin is a Predictor of Troponin I Peak and a Marker of Clinical Severity after Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2019; 9:E116. [PMID: 31906236 PMCID: PMC7019567 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growth differentiation factor-8 (GDF8), also known as myostatin, is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily that inhibits skeletal muscle growth. We aimed to investigate the association between GDF8 and peak troponin I levels after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS All consecutive patients admitted from June 2016 to February 2018 for type 1 AMI in the Coronary Care Unit of University Hospital of Dijon Bourgogne (France) were included in our prospective study. Blood samples were harvested on admission, and serum levels of GDF8 were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS Among the 296 patients with type 1 AMI, median age was 68 years and 27% were women. GDF8 levels (median (IQR) = 2375 ng/L) were negatively correlated with age, sex and diabetes (p < 0.001 for all). GDF8 levels were higher in patients with in-hospital ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF) than those without in-hospital VT/VF. GDF8 was positively correlated with troponin I peak (r = 0.247; p < 0.001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, log GDF8 (OR: 21.59; 95% CI 34.08-119.05; p < 0.001) was an independent predictor of troponin I peak. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GDF8 levels could reflect the extent of myocardial damage during AMI, similar to peak troponin I, which is currently used to estimate infarct size. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking the GDF8 cytokine with troponin I levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Meloux
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé; 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.M.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (F.B.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Luc Rochette
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé; 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.M.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (F.B.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Maud Maza
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé; 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.M.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (F.B.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Florence Bichat
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé; 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.M.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (F.B.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Laura Tribouillard
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Yves Cottin
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé; 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.M.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (F.B.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Dijon, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé; 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.M.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (F.B.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.)
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Laboratoire Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé; 7 Bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France; (A.M.); (L.R.); (M.M.); (F.B.); (Y.C.); (M.Z.)
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Rochette L, Meloux A, Rigal E, Zeller M, Malka G, Cottin Y, Vergely C. The Role of Osteoprotegerin in Vascular Calcification and Bone Metabolism: The Basis for Developing New Therapeutics. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:239-251. [PMID: 31197415 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are both important causes of mortality and morbidity in aging patients. There are common mechanisms underlying the regulation of bone remodeling and the development of smooth muscle calcification; a temporal relationship exists between osteoporosis and the imbalance of mineral metabolism in the vessels. Vascular calcification appears regulated by mechanisms that include both inductive and inhibitory processes. Multiple factors are implicated in both bone and vascular metabolism. Among these factors, the superfamily of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors including osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands has been established. OPG is a soluble decoy receptor for receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). OPG binds to RANKL and TRAIL, and inhibits the association with their receptors, which have been labeled as the receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK). Sustained release of OPG from vascular endothelial cells (ECs) has been demonstrated in response to inflammatory proteins and cytokines, suggesting that OPG/RANKL/RANK system plays a modulatory role in vascular injury and inflammation. For the development of potential therapeutic strategies targeting vascular calcification, critical consideration of the implications for bone metabolism must be taken into account to prevent potentially detrimental effects to bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Alexandre Meloux
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Eve Rigal
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Institut de formation en Biotechnologie et Ingénierie Biomédicale (IFR2B), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, 43 150, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Yves Cottin
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
- Service de Cardiologie-CHU-Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne - Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France
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Circulating factors in young blood as potential therapeutic agents for age-related neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:15-23. [PMID: 31400495 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent animal studies on heterochronic parabiosis (a technique combining the blood circulation of two animals) have revealed that young blood has a powerful rejuvenating effect on brain aging. Circulating factors, especially growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11), may play a key role in this effect, which inspires hope for novel approaches to treating age-related cerebral diseases in humans, such as neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Recently, attempts have begun to translate these astonishing and exciting findings from mice to humans and from bench to bedside. However, increasing reports have shown contradictory data, questioning the capacity of these circulating factors to reverse age-related brain dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the current research on the role of young blood, as well as the circulating factors GDF11 and CCL11, in the aging brain and age-related cerebral diseases. We highlight recent controversies, discuss related challenges and provide a future outlook.
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Neuroprotective Potential of GDF11: Myth or Reality? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143563. [PMID: 31330871 PMCID: PMC6679312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the brain, aging is accompanied by cellular and functional deficiencies that promote vulnerability to neurodegenerative disorders. In blood plasma from young and old animals, various factors such as growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), whose levels are elevated in young animals, have been identified. The blood concentrations of these factors appear to be inversely correlated with the age-related decline of neurogenesis. The identification of GDF11 as a "rejuvenating factor" opens up perspectives for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. As a pro-neurogenic and pro-angiogenic agent, GDF11 may constitute a basis for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sotatercept and luspatercept are recombinant soluble activin type-II receptor-IgG-Fc fusion proteins that are tested in clinical trials for the treatment of various types of anemias, including renal anemia. The mechanism of the action of the novel drugs is incompletely understood, but it seems to be based on the inactivation of soluble proteins of the transforming growth factor-ß (TGFß) family. This review considers pros and cons of the clinical use of the drugs in reference to the current therapy with recombinant erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). RECENT FINDINGS One or more activin type-II receptor (ActRII) ligands appear to inhibit erythroid precursors, for example growth and differentiation factor 11. Trapping of these ligands by the recombinant ActRII fusion proteins, sotatercept and luspatercept increases red blood cell numbers and hemoglobin levels in humans. Reportedly, the novel compounds were well tolerated in trials on healthy volunteers and patients suffering from anemia due to chronic kidney disease or malignancies. On approval, the drugs may prove particularly useful in patients suffering from ineffective erythropoiesis, such as in myelodysplastic syndrome, multiple myeloma or ß-thalassemia, where ESAs are of little use. Independent of their effect on erythropoiesis, ActRII ligand traps were found to exert beneficial effects on renal tissue in experimental animals. SUMMARY ESAs are likely to remain standard of care in renal anemia. There is a need for a better understanding of the effects of ActRII ligand traps on TGFß-like proteins. The novel drugs have not been approved for sale as therapeutics so far. Their long-term efficacy and safety still needs to be proven, particularly with respect to immunogenicity. Antifibrotic effects may be worthy to be investigated in humans.
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Zhang XJ, Tan H, Shi ZF, Li N, Jia Y, Hao Z. Growth differentiation factor 11 is involved in isoproterenol‑induced heart failure. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4109-4118. [PMID: 30942402 PMCID: PMC6471622 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potential effects of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced heart failure (HF) and identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. A rat model of HF was induced in vivo by intraperitoneally administering ISO (5 mg/kg/day) for 7 days. After 4 weeks following establishment of the HF model, hemodynamic analysis demonstrated that ISO induced a significant increase in the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a decrease in the left ventricular systolic pressure and maximum contraction velocity. The plasma levels of myocardial injury markers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), CK-muscle/brain which were determined using the corresponding assay kits and plasma brain natriuretic peptide which was detected by an ELISA kit, an important biomarker of HF, increased following ISO treatment. Furthermore, levels of GDF11 expression and protein, which were estimated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and an ELISA kit in plasma and western blotting in the heart tissue, respectively, significantly increased following ISO treatment. To demonstrate the effects of ISO on GDF11 production in cardiomyocytes, H9C2 cells (a cardiomyoblast cell line derived from embryonic rat heart tissue) were treated with ISO (50 nM) for 24 h in vitro; it was revealed that GDF11 protein and mRNA expression levels significantly increased following ISO treatment. In addition, recombinant GDF11 (rGDF11) administered to ISO-treated H9C2 cells resulted in decreased proliferation, which was detected via a CCK-8 assay, and increased LDH levels and cell apoptosis of cells, which was determined using Caspase-3 activity and Hoechst 33258 staining. Additionally, rGDF11 increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde due to the upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (Nox4) following rGDF11 treatment. Conversely, GDF11 knockdown reduced ISO-induced apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress injury. The results suggested that GDF11 production was upregulated in ISO-induced rats with HF and in ISO-treated H9C2 cells, and that rGDF11 treatment increased ISO-induced oxidative stress injury by upregulating Nox4 in H9C2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Jing Zhang
- The First Department of Cadres Health Care, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Hua Tan
- The First Department of Cadres Health Care, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Fang Shi
- The Second Department of Cadres Health Care, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- The First Department of Cadres Health Care, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Jia
- The First Department of Cadres Health Care, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Hao
- The First Department of Cadres Health Care, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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Exogenous GDF11 attenuates non-canonical TGF-β signaling to protect the heart from acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:20. [PMID: 30900023 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) superfamily that reverses age-related cardiac hypertrophy, improves muscle regeneration and angiogenesis, and maintains progenitor cells in injured tissue. Recently, targeted myocardial delivery of the GDF11 gene in aged mice was found to reduce heart failure and enhance the proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I-R). No investigations have as yet explored the cardioprotective effect of exogenous recombinant GDF11 in acute I-R injury, despite the convenience of its clinical application. We sought to determine whether exogenous recombinant GDF11 protects against acute myocardial I-R injury and investigate the underlying mechanism in Sprague-Dawley rats. We found that GDF11 reduced arrhythmia severity and successfully attenuated myocardial infarction; GDF11 also increased cardiac function after I-R, enhanced HO-1 expression and decreased oxidative damage. GDF11 activated the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway and inactivated the non-canonical pathways, ERK and JNK signaling pathways. Moreover, administration of GDF11 prior to reperfusion protected the heart from reperfusion damage. Notably, pretreatment with the activin-binding protein, follistatin (FST), inhibited the cardioprotective effects of GDF11 by blocking its activation of Smad2/3 signaling and its inactivation of detrimental TGF-β signaling. Our data suggest that exogenous GDF11 has cardioprotective effects and may have morphologic and functional recovery in the early stage of myocardial I-R injury. GDF11 may be an innovative therapeutic approach for reducing myocardial I-R injury.
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Dong X, Han Y, Abeysekera IR, Shao Z, Wang H. GDF11 is increased in patients with aplastic anemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 24:331-336. [PMID: 30727851 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2019.1574386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT To explore the critical role of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) in the pathobiology of aplastic anemia (AA). METHODS We have examined the serum GDF11 levels for 79 AA patients and 30 healthy controls. A total of 79 AA patients, which included 29 new diagnosed (untreated) cases, 14 cases with no response, 21 partial remission (PR) cases and 15 complete remission (CR) cases after immunosuppressive therapy (IST). GDF11 serum levels were assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. GDF11 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMNC) was detected through real time polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between GDF11 expression and erythropoietic function was evaluated. RESULTS The serum GDF11 levels in untreated AA patients were higher than that of the control group. The serum GDF11 levels of PR patients or CR patients after IST was decreased, compared with untreated patients, but did not recover back to the normal levels. GDF11 levels had a negative correlation with hemoglobin (Hb) levels and reticulocyte counts in AA patients. GDF11 levels did not correlate with age, sex and severity of in AA patients. CONCLUSION Serum GDF11 levels were increased and negatively correlated with Hb levels and reticulocyte counts in AA patients. This suggests an impaired GDF11 response contributing to anemia in AA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifeng Dong
- a Department of Hematology, General Hospital , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Han
- b Department of Hematology , Huaihe Hospital of Henan University , Kaifeng , People's Republic of China
| | - Iruni Roshanie Abeysekera
- c Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghong Shao
- a Department of Hematology, General Hospital , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Huaquan Wang
- a Department of Hematology, General Hospital , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
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Adult Cardiac Stem Cell Aging: A Reversible Stochastic Phenomenon? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5813147. [PMID: 30881594 PMCID: PMC6383393 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5813147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is by far the dominant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, whose prevalence dramatically increases with increasing age reaching epidemic proportions. In the elderly, pathologic cellular and molecular changes in cardiac tissue homeostasis and response to injury result in progressive deteriorations in the structure and function of the heart. Although the phenotypes of cardiac aging have been the subject of intense study, the recent discovery that cardiac homeostasis during mammalian lifespan is maintained and regulated by regenerative events associated with endogenous cardiac stem cell (CSC) activation has produced a crucial reconsideration of the biology of the adult and aged mammalian myocardium. The classical notion of the adult heart as a static organ, in terms of cell turnover and renewal, has now been replaced by a dynamic model in which cardiac cells continuously die and are then replaced by CSC progeny differentiation. However, CSCs are not immortal. They undergo cellular senescence characterized by increased ROS production and oxidative stress and loss of telomere/telomerase integrity in response to a variety of physiological and pathological demands with aging. Nevertheless, the old myocardium preserves an endogenous functionally competent CSC cohort which appears to be resistant to the senescent phenotype occurring with aging. The latter envisions the phenomenon of CSC ageing as a result of a stochastic and therefore reversible cell autonomous process. However, CSC aging could be a programmed cell cycle-dependent process, which affects all or most of the endogenous CSC population. The latter would infer that the loss of CSC regenerative capacity with aging is an inevitable phenomenon that cannot be rescued by stimulating their growth, which would only speed their progressive exhaustion. The resolution of these two biological views will be crucial to design and develop effective CSC-based interventions to counteract cardiac aging not only improving health span of the elderly but also extending lifespan by delaying cardiovascular disease-related deaths.
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The Role of Osteoprotegerin and Its Ligands in Vascular Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030705. [PMID: 30736365 PMCID: PMC6387017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors includes osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands, which are receptor activators of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The OPG/RANKL/RANK system plays an active role in pathological angiogenesis and inflammation as well as cell survival. It has been demonstrated that there is crosstalk between endothelial cells and osteoblasts during osteogenesis, thus establishing a connection between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This OPG/RANKL/RANK/TRAIL system acts on specific cell surface receptors, which are then able to transmit their signals to other intracellular components and modify gene expression. Cytokine production and activation of their receptors induce mechanisms to recruit monocytes and neutrophils as well as endothelial cells. Data support the role of an increased OPG/RANKL ratio as a possible marker of progression of endothelial dysfunction in metabolic disorders in relationship with inflammatory marker levels. We review the role of the OPG/RANKL/RANK triad in vascular function as well as molecular mechanisms related to the etiology of vascular diseases. The potential therapeutic strategies may be very promising in the future.
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Magga J, Vainio L, Kilpiö T, Hulmi JJ, Taponen S, Lin R, Räsänen M, Szabó Z, Gao E, Rahtu-Korpela L, Alakoski T, Ulvila J, Laitinen M, Pasternack A, Koch WJ, Alitalo K, Kivelä R, Ritvos O, Kerkelä R. Systemic Blockade of ACVR2B Ligands Protects Myocardium from Acute Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Mol Ther 2019; 27:600-610. [PMID: 30765322 PMCID: PMC6404100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activin A and myostatin, members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily of secreted factors, are potent negative regulators of muscle growth, but their contribution to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate if activin 2B (ACVR2B) receptor ligands contribute to myocardial IR injury. Mice were treated with soluble ACVR2B decoy receptor (ACVR2B-Fc) and subjected to myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion for 6 or 24 h. Systemic blockade of ACVR2B ligands by ACVR2B-Fc was protective against cardiac IR injury, as evidenced by reduced infarcted area, apoptosis, and autophagy and better preserved LV systolic function following IR. ACVR2B-Fc modified cardiac metabolism, LV mitochondrial respiration, as well as cardiac phenotype toward physiological hypertrophy. Similar to its protective role in IR injury in vivo, ACVR2B-Fc antagonized SMAD2 signaling and cell death in cardiomyocytes that were subjected to hypoxic stress. ACVR2B ligand myostatin was found to exacerbate hypoxic stress. In addition to acute cardioprotection in ischemia, ACVR2B-Fc provided beneficial effects on cardiac function in prolonged cardiac stress in cardiotoxicity model. By blocking myostatin, ACVR2B-Fc potentially reduces cardiomyocyte death and modifies cardiomyocyte metabolism for hypoxic conditions to protect the heart from IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Magga
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Laura Vainio
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Teemu Kilpiö
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saija Taponen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ruizhu Lin
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus Räsänen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Lea Rahtu-Korpela
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tarja Alakoski
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Ulvila
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Laitinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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Rochette L, Meloux A, Rigal E, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Malka G, Vergely C. Regenerative Capacity of Endogenous Factor: Growth Differentiation Factor 11; a New Approach of the Management of Age-Related Cardiovascular Events. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123998. [PMID: 30545044 PMCID: PMC6321079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complicated pathophysiological process accompanied by a wide array of biological adaptations. The physiological deterioration correlates with the reduced regenerative capacity of tissues. The rejuvenation of tissue regeneration in aging organisms has also been observed after heterochronic parabiosis. With this model, it has been shown that exposure to young blood can rejuvenate the regenerative capacity of peripheral tissues and brain in aged animals. An endogenous compound called growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a circulating negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy, suggesting that raising GDF11 levels could potentially treat or prevent cardiac diseases. The protein GDF11 is found in humans as well as animals. The existence of endogenous regulators of regenerative capacity, such as GDF11, in peripheral tissues and brain has now been demonstrated. It will be important to investigate the mechanisms with therapeutic promise that induce the regenerative effects of GDF11 for a variety of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Alexandre Meloux
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Eve Rigal
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Yves Cottin
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
- Service de Cardiologie-CHU-Dijon, 21 000 Dijon, France.
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Institut de formation en biotechnologie et ingénierie biomédicale (IFR2B), Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique, 43 150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Equipe d'Accueil (EA 7460): Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2), Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Faculté des Sciences de Santé, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Zhang YH, Pan LH, Pang Y, Yang JX, Lv MJ, Liu F, Qu XF, Chen XX, Gong HJ, Liu D, Wei Y. GDF11/BMP11 as a novel tumor marker for liver cancer. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3495-3500. [PMID: 29545874 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), also known as bone morphogenetic protein 11, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, has been reported to be involved in colorectal cancer. However, the roles of GDF11 in Chinese patients with liver cancer and the underlying mechanisms have remained elusive. The present study assessed the expression of GDF11 in 10 paired samples of cancerous and normal tissues from Chinese liver cancer patients. The results indicated that the expression of GDF11 was significantly lower in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues. In vitro, the expression of GDF11 was reduced in a panel of liver cancer cell lines compared with that in a normal liver cell line at the mRNA and protein level. Treatment with GDF11 reduced the viability of HepG2 for up to 72 h and GDF11 treatment reduced the viability of SMMC-7721 after 48 and 72 h. Furthermore, GDF11 activated Smad2/3 signaling in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, GDF11 has a tumor suppressor role in liver cancer, exerts its effects through Smad2/3 signaling and may serve as a novel tumor marker in liver cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hui Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Lian-Hong Pan
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Yi Pang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Xin Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Jia Lv
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Qu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Hua-Jun Gong
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Antitumor Natural Drugs, Chongqing 404120, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Control, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404110, P.R. China
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Castaldi A, Dodia RM, Orogo AM, Zambrano CM, Najor RH, Gustafsson ÅB, Heller Brown J, Purcell NH. Decline in cellular function of aged mouse c-kit + cardiac progenitor cells. J Physiol 2017; 595:6249-6262. [PMID: 28737214 PMCID: PMC5621489 DOI: 10.1113/jp274775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS While autologous stem cell-based therapies are currently being tested on elderly patients, there are limited data on the function of aged stem cells and in particular c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). We isolated c-kit+ cells from young (3 months) and aged (24 months) C57BL/6 mice to compare their biological properties. Aged CPCs have increased senescence, decreased stemness and reduced capacity to proliferate or to differentiate following dexamethasone (Dex) treatment in vitro, as evidenced by lack of cardiac lineage gene upregulation. Aged CPCs fail to activate mitochondrial biogenesis and increase proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in response to Dex. Aged CPCs fail to upregulate paracrine factors that are potentially important for proliferation, survival and angiogenesis in response to Dex. The results highlight marked differences between young and aged CPCs, which may impact future design of autologous stem cell-based therapies. ABSTRACT Therapeutic use of c-kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) is being evaluated for regenerative therapy in older patients with ischaemic heart failure. Our understanding of the biology of these CPCs has, however, largely come from studies of young cells and animal models. In the present study we examined characteristics of CPCs isolated from young (3 months) and aged (24 months) mice that could underlie the diverse outcomes reported for CPC-based therapeutics. We observed morphological differences and altered senescence indicated by increased senescence-associated markers β-galactosidase and p16 mRNA in aged CPCs. The aged CPCs also proliferated more slowly than their young counterparts and expressed lower levels of the stemness marker LIN28. We subsequently treated the cells with dexamethasone (Dex), routinely used to induce commitment in CPCs, for 7 days and analysed expression of cardiac lineage marker genes. While MEF2C, GATA4, GATA6 and PECAM mRNAs were significantly upregulated in response to Dex treatment in young CPCs, their expression was not increased in aged CPCs. Interestingly, Dex treatment of aged CPCs also failed to increase mitochondrial biogenesis and expression of the mitochondrial proteins Complex III and IV, consistent with a defect in mitochondria complex assembly in the aged CPCs. Dex-treated aged CPCs also had impaired ability to upregulate expression of paracrine factor genes and the conditioned media from these cells had reduced ability to induce angiogenesis in vitro. These findings could impact the design of future CPC-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of older patients suffering from cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Castaldi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ramsinh Mansinh Dodia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,California State University, Channel Islands, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - Amabel M Orogo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cristina M Zambrano
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rita H Najor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicole H Purcell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Role of growth differentiation factor 11 in development, physiology and disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:81604-81616. [PMID: 29113418 PMCID: PMC5655313 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor (GDF11) is a member of TGF-β/BMP superfamily that activates Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways and regulates expression of its target nuclear genes. Since its discovery in 1999, studies have shown the involvement of GDF11 in normal physiological processes, such as embryonic development and erythropoiesis, as well as in the pathophysiology of aging, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. In addition, there are contradictory reports regarding the role of GDF11 in aging, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, osteogenesis, skeletal muscle development, and neurogenesis. In this review, we describe the GDF11 signaling pathway and its potential role in development, physiology and disease.
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Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Popkov VA, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Zorov SD, Jankauskas SS, Babenko VA, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB. Intercellular Signalling Cross-Talk: To Kill, To Heal and To Rejuvenate. Heart Lung Circ 2017; 26:648-659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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47
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“Pro-youthful” factors in the “labyrinth” of cardiac rejuvenation. Exp Gerontol 2016; 83:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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48
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Ma J, Zhang L, He G, Tan X, Jin X, Li C. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation regulates expression of growth differentiation factor 11 and activin-like kinase 5 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats. J Neurol Sci 2016; 369:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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49
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Yang Y, Yang Y, Wang X, Du J, Hou J, Feng J, Tian Y, He L, Li X, Pei H. Does growth differentiation factor 11 protect against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury? A hypothesis. J Int Med Res 2016; 45:1629-1635. [PMID: 27565745 PMCID: PMC5805180 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516658984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury is multifactorial. Understanding the mechanisms of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion will benefit patients with ischaemic heart disease. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a member of the secreted transforming growth factor-β superfamily, has been found to reverse age-related hypertrophy, revealing the important role of GDF11 in cardiovascular disease. However, the functions of GDF11 in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion have not been elucidated yet. A number of signalling molecules are known to occur downstream of GDF11, including mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) and forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a). A hypothesis is presented that GDF11 has protective effects in acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury through suppression of oxidative stress, prevention of calcium ion overload and promotion of the elimination of abnormal mitochondria via both canonical (SMAD3) and non-canonical (FOXO3a) pathways. Since circulating GDF11 may mainly derive from the spleen, the lack of a spleen may make the myocardium susceptible to damaging insults. Administration of GDF11 may be an efficacious therapy to protect against cardiovascular diseases in splenectomized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Yang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Du
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Juanni Hou
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Feng
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Tian
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei He
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuchuan Li
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Pei
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China
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50
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Schmid H, Jelkmann W. Investigational therapies for renal disease-induced anemia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:901-16. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1182981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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