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Huang Z, Braunstein Z, Chen J, Wei Y, Rao X, Dong L, Zhong J. Precision Medicine in Rheumatic Diseases: Unlocking the Potential of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:579-598. [PMID: 38622001 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In the era of precision medicine, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy. These innovative compounds combine the precision of monoclonal antibodies with the potent cell-killing or immune-modulating abilities of attached drug payloads. This unique strategy not only reduces off-target toxicity but also enhances the therapeutic effectiveness of drugs. Beyond their well established role in oncology, ADCs are now showing promising potential in addressing the unmet needs in the therapeutics of rheumatic diseases. Rheumatic diseases, a diverse group of chronic autoimmune diseases with varying etiologies, clinical presentations, and prognoses, often demand prolonged pharmacological interventions, creating a pressing need for novel, efficient, and low-risk treatment options. ADCs, with their ability to precisely target the immune components, have emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy in this context. This review will provide an overview of the core components and mechanisms behind ADCs, a summary of the latest clinical trials of ADCs for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, and a discussion of the challenges and future prospects faced by the development of next-generation ADCs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There is a lack of efficient and low-risk targeted therapeutics for rheumatic diseases. Antibody-drug conjugates, a class of cutting-edge therapeutic drugs, have emerged as a promising targeted therapeutic strategy for rheumatic disease. Although there is limited literature summarizing the progress of antibody-drug conjugates in the field of rheumatic disease, updating the advancements in this area provides novel insights into the development of novel antirheumatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Huang
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Zachary Braunstein
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Jun Chen
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Yingying Wei
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoquan Rao
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Lingli Dong
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Departments of Rheumatology and Immunology (Z.H., Y.W., L.D., J.Z.) and Cardiology (X.R.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (Z.B.); Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China (J.C.); Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging (HUST), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China (J.Z.); and Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (J.Z.)
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Kang Z, Jin Y, Yu H, Li S, Qi Y. Relative efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates and other anti-HER2 treatments on survival in HER2-positive advanced breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:708. [PMID: 38851684 PMCID: PMC11162572 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) drugs present a promising anti-cancer treatment, although survival benefits for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer (BC) remain controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the comparative effect of ADCs and other anti-HER2 therapy on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for treatment of HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic BC. METHODS Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved from five databases. The risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for RCTs by RevMan5.4 software. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted to evaluate the benefit of ADCs on PFS and OS in HER2-positive advanced BC by meta-analysis. RESULTS Meta-analysis of six RCTs with 3870 patients revealed that ADCs significantly improved PFS (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.49-0.80, P = 0.0002) and OS (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72-0.86, P < 0.0001) of patients with HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic BC. Subgroup analysis showed that PFS and OS were obviously prolonged for patients who previously received HER2-targeted therapy. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias suggested that the results were stable and reliable. CONCLUSION Statistically significant benefits for PFS and OS were observed with ADCs in HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic BC, especially for those who received prior anti-HER2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, China
| | - Yuqing Jin
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huihui Yu
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Su Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, China
| | - Yingjie Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, China.
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Zhang H, Shen G, Yang P, Li J, Li Z, Liu Z, Wang M, Zhao F, Ren D, Liu Z, Zhao J, Zhao Y. Incidence of antibody-drug conjugate-related fatigue in patients with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104292. [PMID: 38403093 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have reported the efficacy of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for treating breast cancer. However, during cytotoxic drug treatment, long-term disabling fatigue is common. Moreover, studies in the relevant literature have indicated that fatigue can significantly increase the incidence of depression and sleep disorders. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to evaluate the incidence of fatigue in breast cancer survivors treated with ADCs. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for articles and conference abstracts published before March 16, 2023. Further, two authors independently extracted data from the included studies. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence of all-grade fatigue caused by the use of ADCs in patients with breast cancer. Finally, a random-effects model was used to calculate the incidence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the outcome. RESULTS Overall, 7963 patients from 31 studies were included in this meta-analysis to assess the incidence of fatigue caused by the use of approved and marketed ADCs in patients with breast cancer. Notably, the incidence of all-grade fatigue during ADC monotherapy was 39.84% (95% CI, 35.09%-44.69%). In subgroup analyses, among ADCs, the incidence of trastuzumab deruxtecan-induced fatigue was the highest, with an all-grade fatigue incidence of 47.05% (95% CI, 42.38%-51.75%). Meanwhile, the incidence of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)-induced all-grade fatigue was 35.17% (95% CI, 28.87%-41.74%), which was the lowest among ADCs. Further, the incidence of all-grade fatigue due to sacituzumab govitecan was 42.82% (95% CI, 34.54%-51.32%), which was higher than that due to T-DM1. Moreover, the incidence of fatigue was higher with T-DM1 combination therapy than with monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians have highlighted the high incidence of ADC-related fatigue and its negative impact on patients' physical and mental health, making fatigue an important research variable. The results of this study will further contribute to a comprehensive understanding of ADCs, which have some clinical importance and are of great benefit to patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengheng Zhang
- The Center of Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - GuoShuang Shen
- The Center of Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Ping Yang
- The Center of Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Jinming Li
- The Center of Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Zitao Li
- The Center of Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- The Center of Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Miaozhou Wang
- The Center of Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Fuxing Zhao
- The Center of Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Dengfeng Ren
- The Center of Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- The Center of Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Jiuda Zhao
- The Center of Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- The Center of Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810000, China.
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Guo Y, Li X, Xie Y, Wang Y. What influences the activity of Degrader-Antibody conjugates (DACs). Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116216. [PMID: 38387330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The targeted protein degradation (TPD) technology employing proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has been widely applied in drug chemistry and chemical biology for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. PROTACs have demonstrated significant advantages in targeting undruggable targets and overcoming drug resistance. However, despite the efficient degradation of targeted proteins achieved by PROTACs, they still face challenges related to selectivity between normal and cancer cells, as well as issues with poor membrane permeability due to their substantial molecular weight. Additionally, the noteworthy toxicity resulting from off-target effects also needs to be addressed. To solve these issues, Degrader-Antibody Conjugates (DACs) have been developed, leveraging the targeting and internalization capabilities of antibodies. In this review, we elucidates the characteristics and distinctions between DACs, and traditional Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Meanwhile, we emphasizes the significance of DACs in facilitating the delivery of PROTACs and delves into the impact of various components on DAC activity. These components include antibody targets, drug-antibody ratio (DAR), linker types, PROTACs targets, PROTACs connections, and E3 ligase ligands. The review also explores the suitability of different targets (antibody targets or PROTACs targets) for DACs, providing insights to guide the design of PROTACs better suited for antibody conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolin Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, China.
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Chen B, Yu P, Chan WN, Xie F, Zhang Y, Liang L, Leung KT, Lo KW, Yu J, Tse GMK, Kang W, To KF. Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:6. [PMID: 38169461 PMCID: PMC10761908 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01679-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of zinc transporters and storage mechanisms during cancer progression. Zinc transportation is under the control of two major transporter families: SLC30 (ZnT) for the excretion of zinc and SLC39 (ZIP) for the zinc intake. Additionally, the storage of this essential element is predominantly mediated by metallothioneins (MTs). This review consolidates knowledge on the critical functions of cellular zinc signaling and underscores potential molecular pathways linking zinc metabolism to disease progression, with a special focus on cancer. We also compile a summary of clinical trials involving zinc ions. Given the main localization of zinc transporters at the cell membrane, the potential for targeted therapies, including small molecules and monoclonal antibodies, offers promising avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wai Nok Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuda Xie
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigan Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and Basic Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kam Tong Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Nonomiya Y, Nakayama I, Kobayashi K, Amakawa Y, Shibata N, Soejima A, Kawakami K, Shimizu H, Takahari D, Kawai S, Hara F, Takano T, Yamaguchi K, Yamaguchi M. Analysis of Adverse Events Associated with Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Patients with Gastric and Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:411-416. [PMID: 38346748 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has displayed demonstrable efficacy and manageable toxicity in previously treated patients with advanced gastric and breast cancer, and it has been approved in Japan. However, there is a lack of data on the optimal management in clinical practice. Therefore, we assessed the adverse event (AE) profiles of T-DXd in patients with advanced gastric or breast cancer to provide guidance for appropriate management. This retrospective study was conducted at the Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research. We reviewed the medical records of patients with advanced gastric or breast cancer who received T-DXd between May 2020 and December 2021. AEs occurring within the first three cycles of T-DXd were evaluated according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Thirty-six patients were enrolled (gastric: n = 19, breast: n = 17). All 15 males had gastric cancer, whereas 4 and 17 females had gastric and breast cancer, respectively. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) occurred in five patients (14%), but no patients had severe ILD. Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities, including nausea (61%), vomiting (22%), decreased appetite (33%), and diarrhea (39%), were the most common AEs. The incidence of GI toxicities did not differ by cancer type; however, nausea was significantly more common in females (81 vs. 33%; p < 0.01). T-DXd was safely administered in clinical practice in patients with previously treated advanced gastric or breast cancer. The management of GI toxicities is important in the clinical implementation of T-DXd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Nonomiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Izuma Nakayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Kazuo Kobayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Yoshihiro Amakawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Naoki Shibata
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Azusa Soejima
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Hisanori Shimizu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Daisuke Takahari
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Saori Kawai
- Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Fumikata Hara
- Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Toshimi Takano
- Breast Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
| | - Masakazu Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
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Ruan D, Wu H, Meng Q, Xu R. Development of antibody-drug conjugates in cancer: Overview and prospects. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:3-22. [PMID: 38159059 PMCID: PMC10794012 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, remarkable breakthroughs have been reported on antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), with 15 ADCs successfully entering the market over the past decade. This substantial development has positioned ADCs as one of the fastest-growing domains in the realm of anticancer drugs, demonstrating their efficacy in treating a wide array of malignancies. Nonetheless, there is still an unmet clinical need for wider application, better efficacy, and fewer side effects of ADCs. An ADC generally comprises an antibody, a linker and a payload, and the combination has profound effects on drug structure, pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy. Hence, optimization of the key components provides an opportunity to develop ADCs with higher potency and fewer side effects. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed the current development and the prospects of ADC, provided an analysis of marketed ADCs and the ongoing pipelines globally as well as in China, highlighted several ADC platforms and technologies specific to different pharmaceutical enterprises and biotech companies, and also discussed the new related technologies, possibility of next-generation ADCs and the directions of clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan‐Yun Ruan
- Department of Clinical ResearchSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Hao‐Xiang Wu
- Department of Clinical ResearchSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Qi Meng
- Department of Clinical ResearchSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Rui‐Hua Xu
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal CancerChinese Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
- Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for CancerSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongP. R. China
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Saini S, Gulati N, Awasthi R, Arora V, Singh SK, Kumar S, Gupta G, Dua K, Pahwa R, Dureja H. Monoclonal Antibodies and Antibody-drug Conjugates as Emerging Therapeutics for Breast Cancer Treatment. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:993-1009. [PMID: 37519200 DOI: 10.2174/1567201820666230731094258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
When breast cells divide and multiply out of control, it is called breast cancer. Symptoms include lump formation in the breast, a change in the texture or color of the breast, or a discharge from the nipple. Local or systemic therapy is frequently used to treat breast cancer. Surgical and radiation procedures limited to the affected area are examples of local management. There has been significant worldwide progress in the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) since 1986, when the first therapeutic mAb, Orthoclone OKT3, became commercially available. mAbs can resist the expansion of cancer cells by inducing the destruction of cellular membranes, blocking immune system inhibitors, and preventing the formation of new blood vessels. mAbs can also target growth factor receptors. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in tumor growth and its microenvironment is crucial for developing effective targeted cancer therapeutics. Due to their unique properties, mAbs have a wide range of clinical applications. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are drugs that improve the therapeutic index by combining an antigen-specific antibody with a payload. This review focuses on the therapeutic applications, mechanistic insights, characteristics, safety aspects, and adverse events of mAbs like trastuzumab, bevacizumab, pertuzumab, ertumaxomab, and atezolizumab in breast cancer treatment. The creation of novel technologies utilizing modified antibodies, such as fragments, conjugates, and multi-specific antibodies, must be a central focus of future studies. This review will help scientists working on developing mAbs to treat cancers more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Saini
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Nisha Gulati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences & Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Bidholi, Dehradun 248 007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vimal Arora
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Shobhit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology (MIET), Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250005, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Rakesh Pahwa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
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Najminejad Z, Dehghani F, Mirzaei Y, Mer AH, Saghi SA, Abdolvahab MH, Bagheri N, Meyfour A, Jafari A, Jahandideh S, Gharibi T, Amirkhani Z, Delam H, Mashatan N, Shahsavarani H, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M. Clinical perspective: Antibody-drug conjugates for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1874-1903. [PMID: 36950736 PMCID: PMC10362395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising class of cancer biopharmaceuticals that exploit the specificity of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to selectively deliver highly cytotoxic small molecules to targeted cancer cells, leading to an enhanced therapeutic index through increased antitumor activity and decreased off-target toxicity. ADCs hold great promise for the treatment of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer after the approval and tremendous success of trastuzumab emtansine and trastuzumab deruxtecan, representing a turning point in both HER2-positive breast cancer treatment and ADC technology. Additionally and importantly, a total of 29 ADC candidates are now being investigated in different stages of clinical development for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide an insight into the ADC field in cancer treatment and present a comprehensive overview of ADCs approved or under clinical investigation for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Najminejad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913355, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dehghani
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan 7431895639, Iran
| | - Yousef Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Ali Hussein Mer
- Department of Nursing, Mergasour Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil 44001, Iraq
| | - Seyyed Amirreza Saghi
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan 7431895639, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Haji Abdolvahab
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 8813733450, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1517964311, Iran
| | - Saeed Jahandideh
- Department of Research and Development, Orchidgene co, Tehran 1387837584, Iran
| | - Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665931, Iran
| | - Zahra Amirkhani
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan 7431895639, Iran
| | - Hamed Delam
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan 7431895639, Iran
| | - Noushin Mashatan
- Graduated, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Hosein Shahsavarani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983963113, Iran.
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Li Y, Si R, Wang J, Hai P, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Pan X, Zhang J. Discovery of novel antibody-drug conjugates bearing tissue protease specific linker with both anti-angiogenic and strong cytotoxic effects. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106575. [PMID: 37148706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Bevacizumab is an FDA-approved class of monoclonal antibodies used to inhibit angiogenesis and promote normalization of blood vessels. It is usually combined with chemotherapeutic agents to treat a variety of solid tumors. However, the whole-body toxicities and toxicity associated with chemotherapy greatly limit the clinical use of this combination therapy. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) couple monoclonal antibodies to cytotoxic molecules via a linker, utilizing the high specificity of monoclonal antibodies to tumor surface antigens to act as a "biological missile" to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumor site. Herein, we designed a bevacizumab-based ADC, Bevacizumab Vedotin, conjugating bevacizumab to the microtubulin inhibitor MMAE via a tissue protease-specific linker. Biological studies showed strong stability and good tumor cell targeting of our constructed ADCs; rapid drug release was achieved in the presence of exogenous histone protease B. In addition, Bevacizumab Vedotin exhibited good anti-proliferative, apoptosis-promoting and cell cycle-stalling effects on glioma (U87), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Further in vitro assays demonstrated the enhanced anti-migration activity against MCF-7, potent anti-angiogenic effects, and blockade of the VEGF/VEGFR pathway of Bevacizumab Vedotin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ru Si
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ping Hai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine, Qinghai Provincial Drug Inspection and Testing Institute, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yongbiao Zheng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine, Qinghai Provincial Drug Inspection and Testing Institute, Xining 810016, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Sakai H, Tsurutani J, Ozaki Y, Ishiguro H, Nozawa K, Watanabe K, Maeda S, Yokoe T, Imamura CK, Matsumoto K, Iwasa T, Chiba Y, Takiguchi D, Takano T. Multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study of prophylactic olanzapine for patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving T-DXd treatment: protocol for the ERICA study (WJOG14320B). BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070304. [PMID: 37012013 PMCID: PMC10083740 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The antibody-drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has led to a change in the clinical management of breast cancer. Nausea and vomiting are the most common adverse events of T-DXd, which cannot be completely alleviated by standard prophylactic regimens. Olanzapine is particularly effective in preventing delayed nausea caused by chemotherapy. In this study, we will evaluate the efficacy of olanzapine in managing persistent nausea and vomiting during T-DXd treatment. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The ERICA study is a multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised phase II study with the aim to evaluate the antiemetic effects of the prophylactic olanzapine (5 mg orally, on days 1-6) or placebo combined with a 1,5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3)-receptor antagonist and dexamethasone in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer undergoing T-DXd treatment. For a period of 22 days from the day of T-DXd treatment, patients will document their experience in an electronic symptom diary daily during observational periods. The primary endpoint is the complete response rate, defined as no vomiting and no rescue medications during the 'delayed phase' of 24-120 hours post-T-DXd administration. In addition, we define 120-504 hour as the 'persistent phase' and 0-504 hours as the 'overall phase' for secondary endpoint analysis. We have estimated that a total sample size of at least 156 patients is needed to allow a power of 80% at a one-sided significance level of 20% in this study. The target sample size is set to 166 to account for possible case exclusions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol is approved by the West Japan Oncology Group protocol review committee and the SHOWA University Clinical Research Review Board. The study results will be presented at international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER jRCTs031210410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Sakai
- Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Tsurutani
- Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Ozaki
- Breast Medical Oncology Department, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Breast Oncology Service, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nozawa
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Breast Surgery, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Cancer Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigeto Maeda
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takamichi Yokoe
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiyo K Imamura
- Advanced Cancer Translational Research Institute, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hyogo Cancer Center, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwasa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Chiba
- Clinical Research Center, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takiguchi
- Oncology Medical Science Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimi Takano
- Breast Medical Oncology Department, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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Kuo CY, Moi SH, Hou MF, Luo CW, Pan MR. Chromatin Remodeling Enzyme Cluster Predicts Prognosis and Clinical Benefit of Therapeutic Strategy in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065583. [PMID: 36982660 PMCID: PMC10055970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment provided for breast cancer depends on the expression of hormone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and cancer staging. Surgical intervention, along with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, is the mainstay of treatment. Currently, precision medicine has led to personalized treatment using reliable biomarkers for the heterogeneity of breast cancer. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modifications contribute to tumorigenesis through alterations in the expression of tumor suppressor genes. Our aim was to investigate the role of epigenetic modifications in genes involved in breast cancer. A total of 486 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas Pan-cancer BRCA project were enrolled in our study. Hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis further divided the 31 candidate genes into 2 clusters according to the optimal number. Kaplan–Meier plots showed worse progression-free survival (PFS) in the high-risk group of gene cluster 1 (GC1). In addition, the high-risk group showed worse PFS in GC1 with lymph node invasion, which also presented a trend of better PFS when chemotherapy was combined with radiotherapy than when chemotherapy was administered alone. In conclusion, we developed a novel panel using hierarchical clustering that high-risk groups of GC1 may be promising predictive biomarkers in the clinical treatment of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Kuo
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Hua Moi
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Luo
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.L.); (M.-R.P.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2260) (C.-W.L.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 5092-34) (M.-R.P.); Fax: +886-7-3165011 (C.-W.L.); +886-7-3218309 (M.-R.P.)
| | - Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.L.); (M.-R.P.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2260) (C.-W.L.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 5092-34) (M.-R.P.); Fax: +886-7-3165011 (C.-W.L.); +886-7-3218309 (M.-R.P.)
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Abstract
In order to deliver chemotherapeutics more efficiently, small-molecule-drug conjugates (SMDCs) and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have been synthesized and explored. These conjugates not only provide selective delivery but also improve the therapeutic index of toxins. By merging this conjugate concept with target protein degradation (TPD), the degrader-antibody conjugate (DAC) field has emerged, and clinical trials have even begun in recent years. In this Perspective, we provide the concepts, applications, and recent advances in the area of DACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Bum Hong
- New Drug Development Center (NDDC), Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, 41061 Daegu, Korea
| | - Hongchan An
- New Drug Development Center (NDDC), Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), 80 Cheombok-ro, Dong-gu, 41061 Daegu, Korea
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Taurelli Salimbeni B, Ferraro E, Boscolo Bielo L, Curigliano G. Innovative Therapeutic Approaches for Patients with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 188:237-281. [PMID: 38175349 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor, has been described in about 15-20% of breast cancer (BC) and is associated with poor outcomes. Trastuzumab is the first anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAB) that blocks receptor activity but it also activates immune response against cancer cells, thus, revolutionizing the prognosis of patients with HER2-positive BC. Over the years, new therapies have been developed, including other mAbs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that required multimodal approaches with chemotherapy to optimize their anticancer activity. This chapter gives a comprehensive overview of the last advancements including new approaches and future combinations, which seem to be very promising in overcoming resistance to the traditional anti-HER2 treatments. A modern therapeutic algorithm should include treatment options based on tumour patterns and a patient-centred approach. A proper patient's selection is crucial to derive maximal benefits from a treatment strategy and emerging biomarkers should be integrated along with the HER2 status, which is currently the only validated biomarker in the context of HER2-positive disease. These biomarkers might include molecular features with reported prognostic/predictive significance, such as phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase (PI3K) or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1), and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which all affect prognosis and response to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Taurelli Salimbeni
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via G. Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Oncology Unit, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ferraro
- Breast Cancer Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Luca Boscolo Bielo
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via G. Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Curigliano
- Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Via G. Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Cheng Y, Yuan X, Tian Q, Huang X, Chen Y, Pu Y, Long H, Xu M, Ji Y, Xie J, Tan Y, Zhao X, Song H. Preclinical profiles of SKB264, a novel anti-TROP2 antibody conjugated to topoisomerase inhibitor, demonstrated promising antitumor efficacy compared to IMMU-132. Front Oncol 2022; 12:951589. [PMID: 36620535 PMCID: PMC9817100 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.951589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to improve the intratumoral accumulation of an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) and minimize its off-target toxicity, SKB264, a novel anti-trophoblast antigen 2 (TROP2) ADC that was developed using 2-methylsulfonyl pyrimidine as the linker to conjugate its payload (KL610023), a belotecan-derivative topoisomerase I inhibitor. The preclinical pharmacologic profiles of SKB264 were assessed in this study. Methods The in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic profiles of SKB264, including efficacy, pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD), safety, and tissue distribution, were investigated using TROP2-positive cell lines, cell-derived xenograft (CDX), patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, and cynomolgus monkeys. Moreover, some profiles were compared with IMMU-132. Results In vitro, SKB264 and SKB264 monoclonal antibody (mAb) had similar internalization abilities and binding affinities to TROP2. After cellular internalization, KL610023 was released and inhibited tumor cell survival. In vivo, SKB264 significantly inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner in both CDX and PDX models. After SKB264 administration, the serum or plasma concentration/exposure of SKB264 (conjugated ADC, number of payload units ≥1), total antibody (Tab, unconjugated and conjugated mAb regardless of the number of the payload units), and KL610023 in cynomolgus monkeys increased proportionally with increasing dosage from 1 to 10 mg/kg. The linker stability of SKB264 was significantly enhanced as shown by prolonged payload half-life in vivo (SKB264 vs. IMMU-132, 56.3 h vs. 15.5 h). At the same dose, SKB264's exposure in tumor tissue was 4.6-fold higher than that of IMMU-132. Conclusions Compared with IMMU-132, the longer half-life of SKB264 had a stronger targeting effect and better antitumor activity, suggesting the better therapeutic potential of SKB264 for treating TROP2-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xi Zhao
- Center of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- Center of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Kelun-Biotech Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
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Unveiling the antibody-drug conjugates portfolio in battling Triple-negative breast cancer: Therapeutic trends and Future horizon. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:25. [PMID: 36456774 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01884-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) showcases a labyrinthine network exhibiting deficient expression of Estrogen receptor (ER), Progesterone receptor (PR), and Human-epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). This restricts the conventional chemotherapeutic, hormonal, and few targeted regimens in showing efficient anti-tumor response. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are target-specific conjugates comprising a monoclonal antibody attached to the desired cytotoxic payload with the support of a stable linker. They are designated as one of the encouraging sets of targeted therapies that have unveiled affirmative outcomes owing to increased specificity in targeting the undetectable or deficiently expressed targets. Another virtue of ADCs lending superiority to this approach is the presence of inherent bystander effect which has a detrimental influence on the tumor microenvironment (TME) devoid of antigen expression. In the current scenario, FDA-approved Sacituzumab govitecan is widely being utilized to mitigate TNBC while many other ADCs are being studied in clinical trials. Additionally, a focus has been set on revelation of application of Trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-low metastatic breast cancer which widens the current therapeutic horizon dealing with such carcinomas. After making an effort towards sketching ADCs profile, we conclude that this novel approach deserves to be investigated through future campaigns owing to its remarkable bystander effect, ability to precisely recognize the antigen and spare the naïve cells from detrimental toxicity. Exploration of the remarkable potential of Sacituzumab govitecan in multiple indications including TNBC portrays the prominence of ADCs and prompts the bright future of this therapeutic approach. In this review, we present the basic foundation of ADCs alongside summarizing the building blocks of several ADCs used in TNBC. Furthermore, by shedding light on the therapeutic regimens and concomitant effects of various ADCs derived from the supportive backbone of clinical trials, we have attempted to convene several segments of ADCs and portray their potentialities time ahead.
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Margetuximab and trastuzumab deruxtecan: New generation of anti-HER2 immunotherapeutic agents for breast cancer. Mol Immunol 2022; 152:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dunton K, Vondeling G, Hancock E, Petrou M, Burn O, Paine A. Methods for Estimating Long-Term Outcomes for Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in HER2-Positive Unresectable or Metastatic Breast Cancer After Two or More Anti-HER2 Therapies. Target Oncol 2022; 17:655-663. [DOI: 10.1007/s11523-022-00923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Peptide-Based Bioconjugates and Therapeutics for Targeted Anticancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071378. [PMID: 35890274 PMCID: PMC9320687 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With rapidly growing knowledge in bioinformatics related to peptides and proteins, amino acid-based drug-design strategies have recently gained importance in pharmaceutics. In the past, peptide-based biomedicines were not widely used due to the associated severe physiological problems, such as low selectivity and rapid degradation in biological systems. However, various interesting peptide-based therapeutics combined with drug-delivery systems have recently emerged. Many of these candidates have been developed for anticancer therapy that requires precisely targeted effects and low toxicity. These research trends have become more diverse and complex owing to nanomedicine and antibody–drug conjugates (ADC), showing excellent therapeutic efficacy. Various newly developed peptide–drug conjugates (PDC), peptide-based nanoparticles, and prodrugs could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for patients. In this review, we provide valuable insights into rational drug design and development for future pharmaceutics.
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Wang S, Ma Y, Ma C, Liu K, Huo Z, Shang Y. A supramolecular nanofiber formed by enzyme-instructed self-assembly for SKBR-3 cell selective inhibition. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200301. [PMID: 35510693 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cell-targeted peptides are recommended for precision cancer treatment due to their comparable targeting properties, small molecular size and good biocompatibility. However, unpredictable bioactivity, low penetration rate and poor stability greatly limit its efficacy. Supramolecular self-assembly based on synthetic peptide has great potential to solve related problems and achieve better therapeutic effects. Herein, we report and compare the effects of two different assembly pathway, heating-cooling and enzyme instruction, on the penetrability of SKBR-3 cell targeted peptides. It was found that enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) resulted in hydrogels composed of uniform supramolecular nanofibers, whereas heating-cooling resulted in solutions and precipitations composed of slightly different nanoparticles. The nanofibers formed by EISA showed enhanced cellular uptake (2.54 μM), which was significantly higher than the 1.06 μM of the nanoparticles formed by temperature regulation. Thus, EISA is a promising strategy to improve the cell penetration rate of targeted peptides, and could provide a better solution for precision cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiang Wang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Department of Radiotherapy, CHINA
| | - Yan Ma
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Department of Gastrointestinal oncology, CHINA
| | - Changsheng Ma
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Department of Radiotherapy, CHINA
| | - Kai Liu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Department of Gastrointestinal oncology, CHINA
| | - Zhijun Huo
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Breast Cancer Center, CHINA
| | - Yuna Shang
- Tianjin Normal University, College of Chemistry, 393# Binshuixi road, 300387, Tianjin, CHINA
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21
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Murali M, Kumar AR, Nair B, Pavithran K, Devan AR, Pradeep GK, Nath LR. Antibody-drug conjugate as targeted therapeutics against hepatocellular carcinoma: preclinical studies and clinical relevance. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:407-431. [PMID: 34595736 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is an advanced chemotherapeutic option with immense promises in treating many tumor. They are designed to selectively attack and kill neoplastic cells with minimal toxicity to normal tissues. ADCs are complex engineered immunoconjugates that comprise a monoclonal antibody for site-directed delivery and cytotoxic payload for targeted destruction of malignant cells. Therefore, it enables the reduction of off-target toxicities and enhances the therapeutic index of the drug. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a solid tumor that shows high heterogeneity of molecular phenotypes and is considered the second most common cause of cancer-related death. Studies show enormous potential for ADCs targeting GPC3 and CD24 and other tumor-associated antigens in HCC with their high, selective expression and show potential outputs in preclinical evaluations. The review mainly highlights the preclinical evaluation of different antigen-targeted ADCs such as MetFab-DOX, Anti-c-Met IgG-OXA, Anti CD 24, ANC-HN-01, G7mab-DOX, hYP7-DCand hYP7-PC, Anti-CD147 ILs-DOX and AC133-vcMMAF against hepatocellular carcinoma and its future relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Murali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - A R Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - B Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - K Pavithran
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - A R Devan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - G K Pradeep
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - L R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India.
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22
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Teicher BA, Morris J. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targets, Drugs and Linkers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:463-529. [PMID: 35209819 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220224110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates offer the possibility of directing powerful cytotoxic agents to a malignant tumor while sparing normal tissue. The challenge is to select an antibody target expressed exclusively or at highly elevated levels on the surface of tumor cells and either not all or at low levels on normal cells. The current review explores 78 targets that have been explored as antibody-drug conjugate targets. Some of these targets have been abandoned, 9 or more are the targets of FDA-approved drugs, and most remain active clinical interest. Antibody-drug conjugates require potent cytotoxic drug payloads, several of these small molecules are discussed, as are the linkers between the protein component and small molecule components of the conjugates. Finally, conclusions regarding the elements for the successful antibody-drug conjugate are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
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23
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Conlon PR, Gurijala VR, Kaufman M, Li D, Li J, Li Y, Yin M, Reddy BS, Wagler T, Wang Z, Xu Z, Yurkovetskiy AV, Zhu L. Process Development and GMP Production of a Conjugate Warhead: Auristatin F-HPA-Ala/TFA (XMT-1864/TFA). Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R. Conlon
- Former Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Venu Reddy Gurijala
- Drug Substance Development, Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael Kaufman
- Former Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dachang Li
- Chemical Macromolecule Division, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. No. 71, Seventh Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Jiuyuan Li
- Chemical Macromolecule Division, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. No. 71, Seventh Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Drug Substance Development, Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mao Yin
- Former Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bollu Satyanarayan Reddy
- Drug Substance Development, Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas Wagler
- Drug Substance Development, Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zedong Wang
- Chemical Macromolecule Division, Asymchem Life Science (Tianjin) Co., Ltd. No. 71, Seventh Avenue, TEDA Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
| | - Zhongmin Xu
- Chemdiscover, 10 Carlton Circle, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Aleksandr V. Yurkovetskiy
- Former Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Drug Substance Development, Mersana Therapeutics, Inc., 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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24
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Sheyi R, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Linkers: An Assurance for Controlled Delivery of Antibody-Drug Conjugate. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020396. [PMID: 35214128 PMCID: PMC8874516 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the major therapeutic options for cancer treatment, chemotherapy has limited selectivity against cancer cells. Consequently, this therapeutic strategy offers a small therapeutic window with potentially high toxicity and thus limited efficacy of doses that can be tolerated by patients. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging class of anti-cancer therapeutic drugs that can deliver highly cytotoxic molecules directly to cancer cells. To date, twelve ADCs have received market approval, with several others in clinical stages. ADCs have become a powerful class of therapeutic agents in oncology and hematology. ADCs consist of recombinant monoclonal antibodies that are covalently bound to cytotoxic chemicals via synthetic linkers. The linker has a key role in ADC outcomes because its characteristics substantially impact the therapeutic index efficacy and pharmacokinetics of these drugs. Stable linkers and ADCs can maintain antibody concentration in blood circulation, and they do not release the cytotoxic drug before it reaches its target, thus resulting in minimum off-target effects. The linkers used in ADC development can be classified as cleavable and non-cleavable. The former, in turn, can be grouped into three types: hydrazone, disulfide, or peptide linkers. In this review, we highlight the various linkers used in ADC development and their design strategy, release mechanisms, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotimi Sheyi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Kwazulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- Correspondence: (B.G.d.l.T.); (F.A.); Tel.: +27-614-047-528 (B.G.d.l.T.); +27-6140-09144 (F.A.)
| | - Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (B.G.d.l.T.); (F.A.); Tel.: +27-614-047-528 (B.G.d.l.T.); +27-6140-09144 (F.A.)
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25
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Zhang X, Huang AC, Chen F, Chen H, Li L, Kong N, Luo W, Fang J. Novel development strategies and challenges for anti-Her2 antibody-drug conjugates. Antib Ther 2022; 5:18-29. [PMID: 35146330 PMCID: PMC8826051 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combining potent cytotoxicity of small-molecule drugs with the selectivity and excellent pharmacokinetic profile of monoclonal antibody (mAb) are promising therapeutic modalities for a diverse range of cancers. Owing to overexpression in a wide range of tumors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) is one of the most utilized targeting antigens for ADCs to treat Her2-positive cancers. Owing to the high density of Her2 antigens on the tumor cells and high affinity and high internalization capacity of corresponding antibodies, 56 anti-Her2 ADCs which applied >10 different types of novel payloads had entered preclinical or clinical trials. Seven of 12 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved ADCs including Polivy (2019), Padcev (2019), EnHertu (2019), Trodelvy (2020), Blenrep (2020), Zynlonta (2021), and Tivdak) (2021) have been approved by FDA in the past three years alone, indicating that the maturing of ADC technology brings more productive clinical outcomes. This review, focusing on the anti-Her2 ADCs in clinical trials or on the market, discusses the strategies to select antibody formats, the linkages between linker and mAb, and effective payloads with particular release and action mechanisms for a good clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Zhang
- ADC R&D Department, RemeGen Co., Ltd. 58 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai 264006, ShanDong, China
| | - Andrew C Huang
- Innovation Research Center, MabPlex International Ltd., 60 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai 264006, ShanDong, China
| | - Fahai Chen
- CEO officer, RemeGen Co., Ltd. 58 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai 264006, ShanDong, China
| | - Hu Chen
- ADC R&D Department, RemeGen Co., Ltd. 58 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai 264006, ShanDong, China
| | - Lele Li
- Innovation Research Center, MabPlex International Ltd., 60 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai 264006, ShanDong, China
| | - Nana Kong
- Innovation Research Center, MabPlex International Ltd., 60 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai 264006, ShanDong, China
| | - Wenting Luo
- ADC R&D Department, RemeGen Co., Ltd. 58 Middle Beijing Road, Yantai 264006, ShanDong, China
| | - Jianmin Fang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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26
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Chen Z, Zhang W, Deng H, Zhang K. Effective Cancer Subtype and Stage Prediction via Dropfeature-DNNs. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 19:107-120. [PMID: 33577454 PMCID: PMC8892523 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2021.3058941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Precise cancer subtype and/or stage prediction is instrumental for cancer diagnosis, treatment and management. However, most of the existing methods based on genomic profiles suffer from issues such as overfitting, high computational complexity and selected features (i.e., genes) not directly related to forecast precision. These deficiencies are largely due to the nature of "high dimensionality and small sample size" inherent in molecular data, and such a nature is often deemed as an obstacle to the application of deep learning, e.g., deep neural networks (DNNs), to biomedicine and cancer research. In this paper, we propose a DNN-based algorithm coupled with a new embedded feature selection technique, named Dropfeature-DNNs, to address these issues. Dropfeature-DNNs can discard some irrelevant features (i.e., genes) when training DNNs, and we formulate Dropfeature-DNNs as an iterative AUC optimization problem. As such, an "optimal" feature subset that contains meaningful genes for accurate tumor subtype and/or stage prediction can be obtained when the AUC optimization converges in the training stage. Since the feature subset and AUC optimizations are synchronous with the training phase of DNNs, model complexity and computational cost are simultaneously reduced. Rigorous feature subset convergence analysis and error bound inference provide a solid theoretical foundation for the proposed method. Extensive empirical comparisons to benchmark methods further demonstrate the efficacy of Dropfeature-DNNs in cancer subtype and/or stage prediction using HDSS gene expression data from multiple cancer types.
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27
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Jiang Y, Jiang Z, Wang M, Ma L. Current understandings and clinical translation of nanomedicines for breast cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114034. [PMID: 34736986 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers that is threatening women's life. Current clinical treatment regimens for breast cancer often involve neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic therapies, which somewhat are associated with unfavorable features. Also, the heterogeneous nature of breast cancers requires precision medicine that cannot be fulfilled by a single type of systemically administered drug. Taking advantage of the nanocarriers, nanomedicines emerge as promising therapeutic agents for breast cancer that could resolve the defects of drugs and achieve precise drug delivery to almost all sites of primary and metastatic breast tumors (e.g. tumor vasculature, tumor stroma components, breast cancer cells, and some immune cells). Seven nanomedicines as represented by Doxil® have been approved for breast cancer clinical treatment so far. More nanomedicines including both non-targeting and active targeting nanomedicines are being evaluated in the clinical trials. However, we have to realize that the translation of nanomedicines, particularly the active targeting nanomedicines is not as successful as people have expected. This review provides a comprehensive landscape of the nanomedicines for breast cancer treatment, from laboratory investigations to clinical applications. We also highlight the key advances in the understanding of the biological fate and the targeting strategies of breast cancer nanomedicine and the implications to clinical translation.
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28
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Du Y, Xu J. Engineered Bifunctional Proteins for Targeted Cancer Therapy: Prospects and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103114. [PMID: 34585802 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bifunctional proteins (BFPs) are a class of therapeutic agents produced through genetic engineering and protein engineering, and are increasingly used to treat various human diseases, including cancer. These proteins usually have two or more biological functions-specifically recognizing different molecular targets to regulate the related signaling pathways, or mediating effector molecules/cells to kill tumor cells. Unlike conventional small-molecule or single-target drugs, BFPs possess stronger biological activity but lower systemic toxicity. Hence, BFPs are considered to offer many benefits for the treatment of heterogeneous tumors. In this review, the authors briefly describe the unique structural feature of BFP molecules and innovatively divide them into bispecific antibodies, cytokine-based BFPs (immunocytokines), and protein toxin-based BFPs (immunotoxins) according to their mode of action. In addition, the latest advances in the development of BFPs are discussed and the potential limitations or problems in clinical applications are outlined. Taken together, future studies need to be centered on understanding the characteristics of BFPs for optimizing and designing more effective such drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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29
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Li S, Sun X, Li J, Zheng A, Cao Y, Guo Y, Jin F. A Novel Prognostic Signature of Immune-Related Long Noncoding RNA Pairs for Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells and Drug Susceptibility in Breast Cancer. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 41:103-115. [PMID: 34762509 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognostic signatures of specific immune-related long noncoding RNAs (irlncRNAs) have been elucidated with the development of immunotherapy for breast cancer, but the heterogeneity of gene expression in different patients still limits their effectiveness. We constructed a new prognostic signature based on the relative expression of differentially expressed irlncRNA (DEirlncRNA) pairs and analyzed its clinical application in 1069 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas-Breast Cancer (TCGA-BRCA) containing 745 White patients, 180 Black and African American patients, 58 Asian patients, 181 stage I patients, 606 stage II patients, 240 stage III patients, and 20 stage IV patients. Data from TCGA-BRCA and ImmPort were used to screen DEirlncRNAs, and the DEirlncRNA pairs were established by cyclical single comparison of each DEirlncRNA. After the data optimization, we constructed a signature containing 24 DEirlncRNA pairs. Risk groups of this signature were defined using the cutoff value from the 10-year survival receiver operating characteristic curve, and Kaplan-Meier analysis verified its prognostic effectiveness. Furthermore, we confirmed this signature as an independent prognostic factor and confirmed its close association with traditional clinicopathological factors. Moreover, this risk signature was closely related to tumor-infiltrating immune cells and drug susceptibility. In short, we successfully constructed a risk signature of DEirlncRNA pairs, which might provide new insights for breast cancer precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ang Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Agarwal S, Sau S, Iyer AK, Dixit A, Kashaw SK. Multiple strategies for the treatment of invasive breast carcinoma: A comprehensive prospective. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:585-611. [PMID: 34715356 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we emphasize on evolving therapeutic strategies and advances in the treatment of breast cancer (BC). This includes small-molecule inhibitors under preclinical and clinical investigation, phytoconstituents with antiproliferative potential, targeted therapies as antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), vaccines as immunotherapeutic agents and peptides as a novel approach inhibiting the interaction of oncogenic proteins. We provide an update of molecules under different phases of clinical investigation which aid in the identification of loopholes or shortcomings that can be overcomed with future breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, MP, India
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Molecular Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Sushil K Kashaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, MP, India.
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31
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Burguin A, Diorio C, Durocher F. Breast Cancer Treatments: Updates and New Challenges. J Pers Med 2021; 11:808. [PMID: 34442452 PMCID: PMC8399130 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. This heterogeneous disease can be classified into four molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2 and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)) according to the expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PR), and the overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Current BC treatments target these receptors (endocrine and anti-HER2 therapies) as a personalized treatment. Along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, these therapies can have severe adverse effects and patients can develop resistance to these agents. Moreover, TNBC do not have standardized treatments. Hence, a deeper understanding of the development of new treatments that are more specific and effective in treating each BC subgroup is key. New approaches have recently emerged such as immunotherapy, conjugated antibodies, and targeting other metabolic pathways. This review summarizes current BC treatments and explores the new treatment strategies from a personalized therapy perspective and the resulting challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Burguin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada
| | - Francine Durocher
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1T 1C2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
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32
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Adams E, Wildiers H, Neven P, Punie K. Sacituzumab govitecan and trastuzumab deruxtecan: two new antibody-drug conjugates in the breast cancer treatment landscape. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100204. [PMID: 34225076 PMCID: PMC8259232 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two new antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) containing a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload have recently emerged in the breast cancer (BC) treatment landscape. Sacituzumab govitecan-hziy (SG) is a first-in-class anti-trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 ADC approved for pretreated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) gained approval for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive advanced BC (aBC). We aim to provide a contemporary review and the current clinical trial landscape of SG and T-DXd in BC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a literature search from Medline database through PubMed, major conference proceedings [abstracts from European Society for Medical Oncology (Breast) Congress, American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting, San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium] and ClinicalTrials.gov with search terms 'sacituzumab govitecan', 'IMMU-132', 'trastuzumab deruxtecan' and 'DS-8201a' up to 21 March 2021. RESULTS We assessed 293 records for eligibility, of which 153 were included in this review after screening and exclusion. For SG, efficacy and safety data are available from a phase III trial in pretreated mTNBC and from a phase I/II basket study in mTNBC and hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative aBC. Thirteen trials with pending primary analysis are ongoing with SG as single agent or in combination, of which 11 are enrolling (2/11 in the early setting). For T-DXd, efficacy/safety data are available as single agent in pretreated HER2-positive (phase Ib and phase II) and in HER2-low aBC (phase Ib), and in combination with nivolumab in HER2-low/positive aBC (phase Ib). Of 23 ongoing trials with T-DXd, 12 are open for enrollment and 3 phase III trials have completed recruitment. The distinct safety profiles of both drugs and their management are discussed. CONCLUSION Given their robust single-agent activity, SG and T-DXd are expected to substantially impact treatment standards, both in and far beyond the currently approved indications. Several trials are investigating new treatment settings for both drugs, including a transition to earlier lines and combinations with other anticancer treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Adams
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Neven
- Department of Gynaecology/Obstetrics and Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Gynaecological Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Punie
- Department of General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Lucas AT, Moody A, Schorzman AN, Zamboni WC. Importance and Considerations of Antibody Engineering in Antibody-Drug Conjugates Development from a Clinical Pharmacologist's Perspective. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:30. [PMID: 34449544 PMCID: PMC8395454 DOI: 10.3390/antib10030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) appear to be in a developmental boom, with five FDA approvals in the last two years and a projected market value of over $4 billion by 2024. Major advancements in the engineering of these novel cytotoxic drug carriers have provided a few early success stories. Although the use of these immunoconjugate agents are still in their infancy, valuable lessons in the engineering of these agents have been learned from both preclinical and clinical failures. It is essential to appreciate how the various mechanisms used to engineer changes in ADCs can alter the complex pharmacology of these agents and allow the ADCs to navigate the modern-day therapeutic challenges within oncology. This review provides a global overview of ADC characteristics which can be engineered to alter the interaction with the immune system, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles, and therapeutic index of ADCs. In addition, this review will highlight some of the engineering approaches being explored in the creation of the next generation of ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Lucas
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.T.L.); (A.N.S.)
- Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Amber Moody
- Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Allison N. Schorzman
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.T.L.); (A.N.S.)
| | - William C. Zamboni
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.T.L.); (A.N.S.)
- Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Glolytics, LLC, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA
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34
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Huang YK, Tian HR, Zhang MZ, He JL, Liu J, Ni PH. Monoclonal Antibody-conjugated Polyphosphoester-hyd-DOX Prodrug Nanoparticles for Targeted Chemotherapy of Liver Cancer Cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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35
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Petrilli R, Pinheiro DP, de Cássia Evangelista de Oliveira F, Galvão GF, Marques LGA, Lopez RFV, Pessoa C, Eloy JO. Immunoconjugates for Cancer Targeting: A Review of Antibody-Drug Conjugates and Antibody-Functionalized Nanoparticles. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2485-2520. [PMID: 32484100 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200525161359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeted therapy has been recently highlighted due to the reduction of side effects and improvement in overall efficacy and survival from different types of cancers. Considering the approval of many monoclonal antibodies in the last twenty years, cancer treatment can be accomplished by the combination of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule chemotherapeutics. Thus, strategies to combine both drugs in a single administration system are relevant in the clinic. In this context, two strategies are possible and will be further discussed in this review: antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and antibody-functionalized nanoparticles. First, it is important to better understand the possible molecular targets for cancer therapy, addressing different antigens that can selectively bind to antibodies. After selecting the best target, ADCs can be prepared by attaching a cytotoxic drug to an antibody able to target a cancer cell antigen. Briefly, an ADC will be formed by a monoclonal antibody (MAb), a cytotoxic molecule (cytotoxin) and a chemical linker. Usually, surface-exposed lysine or the thiol group of cysteine residues are used as anchor sites for linker-drug molecules. Another strategy that should be considered is antibody-functionalized nanoparticles. Basically, liposomes, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles can be attached to specific antibodies for targeted therapy. Different conjugation strategies can be used, but nanoparticles coupling between maleimide and thiolated antibodies or activation with the addition of ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)/ N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) (1:5) and further addition of the antibody are some of the most used strategies. Herein, molecular targets and conjugation strategies will be presented and discussed to better understand the in vitro and in vivo applications presented. Also, the clinical development of ADCs and antibody-conjugated nanoparticles are addressed in the clinical development section. Finally, due to the innovation related to the targeted therapy, it is convenient to analyze the impact on patenting and technology. Information related to the temporal evolution of the number of patents, distribution of patent holders and also the number of patents related to cancer types are presented and discussed. Thus, our aim is to provide an overview of the recent developments in immunoconjugates for cancer targeting and highlight the most important aspects for clinical relevance and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Petrilli
- University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Institute of Health Sciences, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pascoalino Pinheiro
- Federal University of Ceara, College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Fávero Galvão
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe s/n, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lana Grasiela Alves Marques
- Institute of Communication and Scientific and Technological Information in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Fonseca Vianna Lopez
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Cafe s/n, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Federal University of Ceara, College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Josimar O Eloy
- Federal University of Ceará, College of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Department of Pharmacy, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
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Lüftner D, Peipp M. New Therapeutic Strategies in Advanced Nonoperable or Metastatic HER2-positive Breast Cancer. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2021; 81:666-678. [PMID: 34168380 PMCID: PMC8216785 DOI: 10.1055/a-1471-4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic gains in the treatment of HER2-positive (HER2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) advanced/metastatic breast cancer, there remains an urgent need for more effective treatment options. At present, there is no definitive approved standard therapy beyond second-line treatment. One of the major challenges is overcoming treatment resistance. Depending on the underlying resistance mechanism, different strategies are being pursued for new innovative treatment concepts in HER2-positive breast cancer. Specifically designed antibodies for targeted therapy are one important focus to successfully meet these challenges. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd, DS-8201a), an optimised antibody drug conjugate (ADC) is in clinical trials, showing promising outcomes in patients with advanced, nonoperable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer who had already undergone intensive prior treatment. Based on this data, T-DXd has already been approved in the US and Japan for HER2-positive advanced nonoperable and metastatic breast cancer - in the US after at least two prior anti-HER2 targeted treatment lines and in Japan after prior chemotherapy. T-DXd represents successful "antibody engineering". Since the beginning of the year, T-DXd has also been approved in Europe as monotherapy for inoperable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer in patients who are pretreated with at least two anti-HER2 directed therapies. This paper presents strategies for improving treatment options in advanced nonoperable and metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer, with the development of T-DXd as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Lüftner
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie, Onkologie und Tumorimmunologie, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Sektion für Stammzelltransplantation und Immuntherapie, Dr. Mildred-Scheel-Haus, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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37
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Li F, Mao C, Yeh S, Sun Y, Xin J, Shi Q, Ming X. MRP1-targeted near infrared photoimmunotherapy for drug resistant small cell lung cancer. Int J Pharm 2021; 604:120760. [PMID: 34077781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), one of the most aggressive cancers, has a high mortality rate and poor prognosis, and the clinical therapeutic outcomes of multidrug resistant SCLC are even worse. Multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), one of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins that cause decreased drug accumulation in cancer cells, is overexpressed in drug resistant SCLC cells and could be a promising target for treating the patients suffering from this illness. Near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a newly developed approach for targeted cancer treatment which uses a conjugate of a monoclonal antibody and photoabosorber IR700 followed by NIR light irradiation to induce rapid cancer cell death. In the present study, an anti-MRP1 antibody (Mab) -IR700 conjugate (Mab-IR700) was synthesized, purified and used to treat chemoresistant SCLC H69AR cells that overexpressed MRP1, while non-MRP1-expressing H69 cells were used as a control. Then, the photokilling and tumor suppression effect were separately evaluated in H69AR cells both in vitro and in vivo. Higher cellular delivery of Mab-IR700 was detected in H69AR cells, whereas there was little uptake of IgG-IR700 in both H69 and H69AR cells. Due to the targeting activity of Mab, stronger photokilling effect was found both in H69AR cells and spheroids treated with Mab-IR700, while superior tumor suppression effect was also observed in the mice treated with Mab-IR700 and light illumination. Photoacoustic imaging results proved that oxygen was involved in NIR-PIT treatment, and TUNEL staining images showed the occurrence of cell apoptosis, which was also testified by HE staining. This research provides MRP1 as a novel target for PIT and presents a prospective way for treating drug resistant SCLC and, thus, should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China; Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157, USA.
| | - Chengqiong Mao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157, USA
| | - Stacy Yeh
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157, USA
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157, USA
| | - Junbo Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Qin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Xin Ming
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem 27157, USA.
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Goyal P, Doval DC, Agarwal C, Jain P, Chaudhari K, Domadia K, Redhu P, Koyyala VPB, Goel V, Batra U, Talwar V, Bothra S. Current Treatment Approaches for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer in Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Settings. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer and the second leading cause of mortality among women globally. Approximately 20 to 25% of BC patients have amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) genes, a marker of poor prognosis. However, the introduction of anti-HER2-therapies (trastuzumab, followed closely by lapatinib, pertuzumab, trastuzumab emtansine, and neratinib) has changed the natural history of HER2-positive BC and improved the outcome in HER2-positive BC patients. The preeminence of anti-HER2 combination therapy in achieving complete inhibition of the various HER receptor dimers has been demonstrated in clinical studies. However, despite these therapeutic advances, tumors expressing estrogen receptor have poorer responses to targeted therapy and are more likely to relapse. A better understanding of resistance to existing anti-HER2 agents, along with the role played by the microenvironment and of interconnected signaling pathways, can permit tailor-made therapeutic options for each patient. This review aimed to evaluate treatment approaches for BC patients with HER2-positive disease in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings, also exploring the possibilities of extended duration of anti-HER2 maintenance therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Goyal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Chandra Doval
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Chaturbhuj Agarwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Parveen Jain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Krushna Chaudhari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kshitij Domadia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Pallavi Redhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Varun Goel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ullas Batra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Talwar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneha Bothra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research, New Delhi, India
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Zhao Y, Zheng X, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Fei W, Wang F, Zheng C. Extracellular Matrix: Emerging Roles and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:650453. [PMID: 33968752 PMCID: PMC8100244 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.650453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important regulator of breast cancer (BC). The ECM comprises of highly variable and dynamic components. Compared with normal breast tissue under homeostasis, the ECM undergoes many changes in composition and organization during BC progression. Induced ECM proteins, including fibrinogen, fibronectin, hyaluronic acid, and matricellular proteins, have been identified as important components of BC metastatic cells in recent years. These proteins play major roles in BC progression, invasion, and metastasis. Importantly, several specific ECM molecules, receptors, and remodeling enzymes are involved in promoting resistance to therapeutic intervention. Additional analysis of these ECM proteins and their downstream signaling pathways may reveal promising therapeutic targets against BC. These potential drug targets may be combined with new nanoparticle technologies. This review summarizes recent advances in functional nanoparticles that target the ECM to treat BC. Accurate nanomaterials may offer a new approach to BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab Women's Reproductive Health, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab Women's Reproductive Health, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab Women's Reproductive Health, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab Women's Reproductive Health, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab Women's Reproductive Health, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab Women's Reproductive Health, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Lab Women's Reproductive Health, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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40
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Perez J, Garrigós L, Gion M, Jänne PA, Shitara K, Siena S, Cortés J. Trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer and beyond. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:811-824. [PMID: 33759669 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1890710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the substantial improvements made in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies since the approval of trastuzumab more than 20 years ago, there is still considerable unmet need in patients with HER2-expressing breast cancer (BC) and other solid tumors. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a newer antibody-drug conjugate approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (BC) and gastric cancer (GC) and is under active investigation in other solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and HER2-low tumors. AREAS COVERED The current treatment and investigational landscape of HER2-positive and HER2-low metastatic BC (mBC) and the preclinical and clinical trials investigating T-DXd. To identify relevant literature, a search was performed on English-language publications and congress abstracts. EXPERT OPINION T-DXd is likely to become the standard of care for second-line treatment of HER2-positive mBC, and it may play a role in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive and triple-negative mBC with HER2-low expression. Because it was recently approved in the United States and Japan to treat HER2-positive metastatic GC, it holds promise for the treatment of other HER2-positive solid tumors, including colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and HER2-low BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Perez
- International Breast Cancer Center, Quiron Group, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Department, Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Valencia, Spain
| | - Laia Garrigós
- International Breast Cancer Center, Quiron Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Gion
- Quironsalud Group, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Department of Oncology and Hematology-Oncology, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Niguarda Cancer Center Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Javier Cortés
- International Breast Cancer Center, Quiron Group, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Department, Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Juen L, Baltus CB, Gély C, Feuillâtre O, Desgranges A, Viaud-Massuard MC, Martin C. Innovative Bioconjugation Technology for Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Proof of Concept in a CD30-Positive Lymphoma Mouse Model. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:595-606. [PMID: 33630573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To overcome stability and heterogeneity issues of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) produced with existing bioconjugation technologies incorporating a maleimide motif, we developed McSAF Inside, a new technology based on a trifunctionalized di(bromomethyl)pyridine scaffold. Our solution allows the conjugation of a linker-payload to previously reduced interchain cysteines of a native antibody, resulting in disulfide rebridging. This leads to highly stable and homogeneous ADCs with control over the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) and the linker-payload position. Using our technology, we synthesized an ADC, MF-BTX-MMAE, built from anti-CD30 antibody cAC10 (brentuximab), and compared it to Adcetris, the first line treatment against CD30-positive lymphoma, in a CD30-positive lymphoma model. MF-BTX-MMAE displayed improved DAR homogeneity, with a solid batch-to-batch reproducibility, as well as enhanced stability in thermal stress conditions or in the presence of a free thiol-containing protein, such as human serum albumin (HSA). MF-BTX-MMAE showed antigen-binding, in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo efficacy, and tolerability similar to Adcetris. Therefore, in accordance with current regulatory expectations for the development of new ADCs, McSAF Inside technology gives access to relevant ADCs with improved characteristics and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ofelia Feuillâtre
- McSAF, 1 rue Claude Thion, Tours 37000 France.,University of Tours, GICC, Team IMT EA7501, 31 avenue, Monge, Tours 37200 France
| | | | - Marie-Claude Viaud-Massuard
- McSAF, 1 rue Claude Thion, Tours 37000 France.,University of Tours, GICC, Team IMT EA7501, 31 avenue, Monge, Tours 37200 France
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42
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Seyedmirzaei H, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Razi S, Gity M, Rezaei N. Recent progress in immunotherapy of breast cancer targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 27:1235-1244. [PMID: 33530866 DOI: 10.1177/1078155221991636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is responsible for most of the cancer-induced deaths in women around the world. The current review will discuss different approaches of targeting HER2, an epidermal growth factor overexpressed in 30% of breast cancer cases. DATA SOURCES We conducted a search on Pubmed and Scopus databases to find studies relevant to HER2+ breast cancers and targeting HER2 as means of immunotherapy. Out of 1043 articles, 105 studies were included in this review. DATA SUMMARY As well as the introduction of HER2 and breast cancer subtypes, we discussed various aspects of HER2-targeting immunotherapy including monoclonal antibodies, Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cells and vaccines. CONCLUSIONS Despite several ways of controlling breast cancer, the need to investigate new drugs and approaches seems to be much significant as this cancer still has a heavy burden on people's health and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Seyedmirzaei
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Breast Cancer Association (BrCA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Gity
- Breast Cancer Association (BrCA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Breast Disease Research Center (BDRC), Advanced Imaging Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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43
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Alas M, Saghaeidehkordi A, Kaur K. Peptide-Drug Conjugates with Different Linkers for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2020; 64:216-232. [PMID: 33382619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug conjugates are chemotherapeutic or cytotoxic agents covalently linked to targeting ligands such as an antibody or a peptide via a linker. While antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are now clinically established for cancer therapy, peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) are gaining recognition as a new modality for targeted drug delivery with improved efficacy and reduced side effects for cancer treatment. The linker in a drug conjugate plays a key role in the circulation time of the conjugate and release of the drug for full activity at the target site. Herein, we highlight the main linker chemistries utilized in the design of PDCs and discuss representative examples of PDCs with different linker chemistries with the related outcome in cell and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alas
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, California 92618-1908, United States
| | - Azam Saghaeidehkordi
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, California 92618-1908, United States
| | - Kamaljit Kaur
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, California 92618-1908, United States
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44
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Dieci MV, Miglietta F, Griguolo G, Guarneri V. Biomarkers for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: Beyond hormone receptors. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 88:102064. [PMID: 32622272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) results in a biologically and clinically aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtype. Since the introduction of anti-HER2 targeted agents, survival rates of patients with HER2-positive metastatic BC have dramatically improved. Currently, although the treatment decision process in metastatic BC is primarily based on HER2 and hormone-receptor (HR) status, a rapidly growing body of data suggests that several other sources of biological heterogeneity may characterize HER2-positive metastatic BC. Moreover, pivotal clinical trials of new anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates showed encouraging results in HER2-low metastatic BC, thus leading to the possibility, in the near future, to expand the pool of patients suitable for HER2-targeted treatments. The present review summarizes and puts in perspective available evidence on biomarkers that hold the greatest promise to become potentially useful tools for optimizing HER2-positive metastatic BC patients' prognostic stratification and treatment in the next future. These biomarkers include HER2 levels and heterogeneity, HER3, intrinsic molecular subtypes by PAM50 analysis, DNA mutations, and immune-related factors. Molecular discordance between primary and metastatic tumors is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy.
| | - Federica Miglietta
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gaia Griguolo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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Abstract
The discovery of the HER2 molecules has embarked a series of investigations on the efficacy and safety of different types of anti-HER2 therapies for treating breast cancer, with the clinical pathway requiring a more detailed, more precise, and more dynamics therapeutic approaches due to the heterogeneity of the disease. As the "do more" and "do less" approaches are becoming more important to personalize treatment for early HER2-positive breast cancer, recent advances aim at tackling the advanced stage of the disease by using novel therapeutic agents and combination strategies. There are also important points of consideration on prognosis and choice of therapies, including HER2 gene copy number, HER2 heterogeneity, tissue biomarkers, blood-based biomarkers, and HER2 mutation and its treatment. Altogether, these could potentially play a vital role in the journey of HER2-positive breast cancer patient to achieve greater survival benefit and potentially a cure for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis W C Chow
- UNIMED Medical Institute, Hong Kong, China; Organisation for Oncology and Translational Research, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Erich F Lie
- Organisation for Oncology and Translational Research, Hong Kong, China
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Organisation for Oncology and Translational Research, Hong Kong, China; Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Daberdaku S, Ferrari C. Antibody interface prediction with 3D Zernike descriptors and SVM. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:1870-1876. [PMID: 30395191 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bty918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Antibodies are a class of proteins capable of specifically recognizing and binding to a virtually infinite number of antigens. This binding malleability makes them the most valuable category of biopharmaceuticals for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The correct identification of the antigen-binding residues in the antibody is crucial for all antibody design and engineering techniques and could also help to understand the complex antigen binding mechanisms. However, the antibody-binding interface prediction field appears to be still rather underdeveloped. RESULTS We present a novel method for antibody interface prediction from their experimentally solved structures based on 3D Zernike Descriptors. Roto-translationally invariant descriptors are computed from circular patches of the antibody surface enriched with a chosen subset of physico-chemical properties from the AAindex1 amino acid index set, and are used as samples for a binary classification problem. An SVM classifier is used to distinguish interface surface patches from non-interface ones. The proposed method was shown to outperform other antigen-binding interface prediction software. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Linux binaries and Python scripts are available at https://github.com/sebastiandaberdaku/AntibodyInterfacePrediction. The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5442229. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Daberdaku
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Ferrari
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Tang C, He Z, Liu H, Xu Y, Huang H, Yang G, Xiao Z, Li S, Liu H, Deng Y, Chen Z, Chen H, He N. Application of magnetic nanoparticles in nucleic acid detection. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:62. [PMID: 32316985 PMCID: PMC7171821 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid is the main material for storing, copying, and transmitting genetic information. Gene sequencing is of great significance in DNA damage research, gene therapy, mutation analysis, bacterial infection, drug development, and clinical diagnosis. Gene detection has a wide range of applications, such as environmental, biomedical, pharmaceutical, agriculture and forensic medicine to name a few. Compared with Sanger sequencing, high-throughput sequencing technology has the advantages of larger output, high resolution, and low cost which greatly promotes the application of sequencing technology in life science research. Magnetic nanoparticles, as an important part of nanomaterials, have been widely used in various applications because of their good dispersion, high surface area, low cost, easy separation in buffer systems and signal detection. Based on the above, the application of magnetic nanoparticles in nucleic acid detection was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congli Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Ziyu He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Yuyue Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Hao Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Gaojian Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Ziqi Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Hongna Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007 China
| | - Nongyue He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
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Rugo HS, Bardia A, Tolaney SM, Arteaga C, Cortes J, Sohn J, Marmé F, Hong Q, Delaney RJ, Hafeez A, André F, Schmid P. TROPiCS-02: A Phase III study investigating sacituzumab govitecan in the treatment of HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. Future Oncol 2020; 16:705-715. [PMID: 32223649 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC) whose cancers have progressed despite conventional therapies represent an unmet clinical need. Trop-2, a transmembrane calcium signal transducer, is highly expressed in MBC and plays a role in tumor growth and progression. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a novel antibody-drug conjugate comprising an Trop-2 antibody coupled to SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan, via a unique hydrolyzable linker. SG has demonstrated promising activity in a Phase I/II IMMU-132-01 basket study in heavily pretreated solid tumors, including HR+/HER2- MBC. We describe the registrational Phase III TROPiCS-02 study (NCT03901339), evaluating SG versus treatment of physician's choice in HR+/HER2- MBC. Trial registration number: NCT03901339.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope S Rugo
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sara M Tolaney
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carlos Arteaga
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Javier Cortes
- Medical Oncology Department, IOB Institute of Oncology, Quirosalud Group, Madrid & Barcelona, Spain and Senior clinical Researcher, Vall d´Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joohyuk Sohn
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Frederik Marmé
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, University Hospital Mannheim, Germany
| | - Quan Hong
- Immunomedics, Morris Plains, NJ 07950, USA
| | | | | | - Fabrice André
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Peter Schmid
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Liu T, Jin Z, Wang Z, Chen J, Wei LJ, Hua Q. Metabolomics analysis of Actinosynnema pretiosum with improved AP-3 production by enhancing UDP-glucose biosynthesis. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:36-47. [PMID: 32179024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3) shows strong anticancer effects and has used as a payload for antibody-drug conjugates. Our previous study have shown that although genetically engineered Actinosynnema pretiosum strains with enhanced UDP-glucose (UDPG) biosynthesis displayed improved AP-3 production compared to the wild-type strain, the increase in yield was far from meeting the industrial demand. In this study, comparative metabolomics analysis complemented with quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed for the wild-type strain and two mutants (OpgmOugp, ΔzwfΔgnd) to identify possible metabolic bottlenecks and non-intuitive targets for further enhancement of AP-3 production. We observed that enhancing intracellular UDPG availability facilitated the accumulation of intracellular N-demethyl-AP-3 and AP-3, where the transporting of them outside the cell still needs to be developed. We also found that the UDPG biosynthesis was closely associated with the availability of fructose in the medium and a suitable fructose feeding strategy could promote the further improvement of AP-3 titer. In addition, pathway abundance analysis revealed that undesired fatty acid accumulation and down-regulation of amino acid metabolism may be unfavorable for ansamitocin biosynthesis in later stage of production. These results indicate that genetic modification of the UDPG biosynthetic pathways may have pleiotropic effects on AP-3 production. Efforts must be made to eliminate these newly identified metabolic bottlenecks to boost AP-3 production in A. pretiosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ziwen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Liu-Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Qiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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50
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Metabolomic change and pathway profiling reveal enhanced ansamitocin P-3 production in Actinosynnema pretiosum with low organic nitrogen availability in culture medium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:3555-3568. [PMID: 32114676 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10463-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3), a 19-membered polyketide macrocyclic lactam, has potent antitumor activity. Our previous study showed that a relatively low organic nitrogen concentration in culture medium could significantly improve AP-3 production of Actinosynnema pretiosum. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the possible reasons for this improvement through metabolomic and gene transcriptional analytical methods. At the same time, a metabolic pathway profile based on metabolome data and pathway correlation information was performed to obtain a systematic view of the metabolic network modulations of A. pretiosum. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis showed that nine and eleven key metabolites directly associated with AP-3 production at growth phase and ansamitocin production phase, respectively. In-depth pathway analysis results highlighted that low organic nitrogen availability had significant impacts on central carbon metabolism and amino acid metabolic pathways of A. pretiosum and these metabolic responses were found to be beneficial to precursor supply and ansamitocin biosynthesis. Furthermore, real-time PCR results showed that the transcription of genes involved in precursor and ansamitocin biosynthetic pathways were remarkably upregulated under low organic nitrogen condition thus directing increased carbon flux toward ansamitocin biosynthesis. More importantly, the metabolic pathway analysis demonstrated a competitive relationship between fatty acid and AP-3 biosynthesis could significantly affect the accumulation of AP-3. Our findings provided new knowledge on the organic nitrogen metabolism and ansamitocin biosynthetic precursor in A. pretiosum and identified several important rate-limiting steps involved in ansamitocin biosynthesis thus providing a theoretical basis of further improvement in AP-3 production.
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