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Guo Z, Duan Y, Sun K, Zheng T, Liu J, Xu S, Xu J. Advances in SHP2 tunnel allosteric inhibitors and bifunctional molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116579. [PMID: 38889611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
SHP2 is a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase encoded by PTPN11, which performs the functions of regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and survival through removing tyrosine phosphorylation and modulating various signaling pathways. The overexpression of SHP2 or its mutations is related to developmental diseases and several cancers. Numerous allosteric inhibitors with striking inhibitory potency against SHP2 allosteric pockets have recently been identified, and several SHP2 tunnel allosteric inhibitors have been applied in clinical trials to treat cancers. However, based on clinical results, the efficacy of single-agent treatments has been proven to be suboptimal. Most clinical trials involving SHP2 inhibitors have adopted drug combination strategies. This review briefly discusses the research progress on SHP2 allosteric inhibitors and pathway-dependent drug combination strategies for SHP2 in cancer therapy. In addition, we summarize the current bifunctional molecules of SHP2 and elaborate on the design and structural optimization strategies of these bifunctional molecules in detail, offering further direction for the research on novel SHP2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Yiping Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Tiandong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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Zhu C, Zhao H, Yang W, Chen K, Liu X, Yu Y, Li R, Tan R, Yu Z. Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of a Novel Class of SHP2 Allosteric Inhibitors with a Furanyl Amide-Based Scaffold. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39066713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
SHP2 plays a critical role in modulating tumor growth and PD-1-related signaling pathway, thereby serving as an attractive antitumor target. To date, no antitumor drugs targeting SHP2 have been approved, and hence, the search of SHP2 inhibitors with new chemical scaffolds is urgently needed. Herein, we developed a novel SHP2 allosteric inhibitor SDUY038 with a furanyl amide scaffold, demonstrating potent binding affinity (KD = 0.29 μM), enzymatic activity (IC50 = 1.2 μM) and similar binding interactions to SHP099. At the cellular level, SDUY038 exhibited pan-antitumor activity (IC50 = 7-24 μM) by suppressing pERK expression. Furthermore, SDUY038 significantly inhibited tumor growth in both xenograft and organoid models. Additionally, SDUY038 displayed acceptable bioavailability (F = 14%) and half-life time (t1/2 = 3.95 h). Conclusively, this study introduces the furanyl amide scaffold as a novel class of SHP2 allosteric inhibitors, offering promising lead compounds for further development of new antitumor therapies targeting SHP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchun Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, No. 59, Middle Section of Qinglong Avenue, Mianyang 621010, P.R. China
- Center for Organoids and Translational Pharmacology, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- Center for New Drug Evaluation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Center for New Drug Evaluation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan 250000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 55, Section 4, South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ruirong Tan
- Center for Organoids and Translational Pharmacology, Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
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Fan H, Hu X, Cao F, Zhou L, Wen R, Shen H, Fu Y, Zhu X, Jia H, Liu Z, Wang G, Yu G, Chang W, Zhang W. WWP1 inhibition increases SHP2 inhibitor efficacy in colorectal cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:144. [PMID: 39014007 PMCID: PMC11252267 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00650-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 activates RAS signaling, which is a novel target for colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. However, SHP2 inhibitor monotherapy is ineffective for metastatic CRC and a combination therapy is required. In this study, we aimed to improve the antitumor efficacy of SHP2 inhibition and try to explore the resistance mechanism of SHP2 inhibitor. Results showed that WWP1 promoted the proliferation of CRC cells. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of WWP1 enhanced the effect of SHP2 inhibitor in suppressing tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. WWP1 may mediate feedback reactivation of AKT signaling following SHP2 inhibition. Furthermore, nomogram models constructed with IHC expression of WWP1 and SHP2 greatly improved the accuracy of prognosis prediction for patients with CRC. Our findings indicate that WWP1 inhibitor I3C can synergize with SHP2 inhibitor and is expected to be a new strategy for clinical trials in treating advanced CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefei Hu
- Department of Navy Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuao Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leqi Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongbo Wen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Navy Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yating Fu
- Department of Navy Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Jia
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guimin Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanyu Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenjun Chang
- Department of Navy Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Gu R, Fang H, Wang R, Dai W, Cai G. A comprehensive overview of the molecular features and therapeutic targets in BRAF V600E-mutant colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1764. [PMID: 39073010 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the most prevalent digestive system tumours, colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant threat to global human health. With the emergence of immunotherapy and target therapy, the prognosis for the majority of CRC patients has notably improved. However, the subset of patients with BRAF exon 15 p.V600E mutation (BRAFV600E) has not experienced remarkable benefits from these therapeutic advancements. Hence, researchers have undertaken foundational investigations into the molecular pathology of this specific subtype and clinical effectiveness of diverse therapeutic drug combinations. This review comprehensively summarised the distinctive molecular features and recent clinical research advancements in BRAF-mutant CRC. To explore potential therapeutic targets, this article conducted a systematic review of ongoing clinical trials involving patients with BRAFV600E-mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Gu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongsheng Fang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Han X, Wang W, Wang R, Zhang W, Zhu L, Xu Q, Guo W, Gu Y. Allosteric SHP2 inhibition enhances regorafenib's effectiveness in colorectal cancer treatment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 709:149812. [PMID: 38564942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally. Regorafenib, a multi-target kinase inhibitor, has been approved for treating metastatic colorectal cancer patients who have undergone at least two prior standard anti-cancer therapies. However, regorafenib efficacy as a single agent remains suboptimal. A promising target at the crossroads of multiple signaling pathways is the Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2). However, a combination approach using SHP2 inhibitors (SHP099) and anti-angiogenic drugs (Regorafenib) has not been reported in current research. In this study, we conducted in vitro experiments combining SHP099 and regorafenib and established an MC-38 colon cancer allograft mouse model. Our results revealed that co-treatment with SHP099 and regorafenib significantly inhibited cell viability and altered the biological characteristics of tumor cells compared with treatment alone in vitro. Furthermore, the combination strategy demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy compared to monotherapy with either drug. This was evidenced by reduced tumor size, decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, normalized tumor microvasculature, and improved antitumor immune response in vivo. These findings suggest that the combination of an SHP2 inhibitor and regorafenib is a promising therapeutic approach for patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weicheng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenjie Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Ding H, Liu Y, Lu X, Liu A, Xu Q, Yuan Y. Pepsinogen C Interacts with IQGAP1 to Inhibit the Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Cells by Suppressing Rho-GTPase Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1796. [PMID: 38791874 PMCID: PMC11120368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study systematically explored the biological effects and mechanisms of PGC on gastric cancer (GC) cells in vitro and in vivo. METHOD The critical biological roles of PGC in GC were assessed via EdU staining, Hoechst staining, flow cytometry, mouse models, CCK-8, wound healing, transwell, and sphere-forming assays. The interaction study with IQ-domain GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) was used by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, CHX-chase assay, MG132 assay, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS PGC inhibited the proliferation, viability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, invasion, and stemness of GC cells and promoted GC cell differentiation. PGC suppressed subcutaneous tumor growth and peritoneal dissemination in vivo. The interaction study found PGC inhibits GC cell migration and invasion by downregulating IQGAP1 protein and IQGAP1-mediated Rho-GTPase signaling suppression. In addition, PGC disrupts the stability of the IQGAP1 protein, promoting its degradation and significantly shortening its half-life. Moreover, the expression levels of PGC and IQGAP1 in GC tissues were significantly negatively correlated. CONCLUSION PGC may act as a tumor suppressor in the development and metastasis of GC. PGC can downregulate its interacting protein IQGAP1 and inhibit the Rho-GTPase pathway, thereby participating in the inhibition of GC cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxi Ding
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; (H.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; (H.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xiaodong Lu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; (H.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Aoran Liu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; (H.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; (H.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; (H.D.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (A.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
- Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Yuan Z, Zhang M, Chang L, Chen X, Ruan S, Shi S, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Li H, Li S. Discovery of a novel SHP2 allosteric inhibitor using virtual screening, FMO calculation, and molecular dynamic simulation. J Mol Model 2024; 30:131. [PMID: 38613643 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05935-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT SHP2 is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase to remove tyrosine phosphorylation. Functionally, SHP2 is an essential bridge to connect numerous oncogenic cell-signaling cascades including RAS-ERK, PI3K-AKT, JAK-STAT, and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways. This study aims to discover novel and potent SHP2 inhibitors using a hierarchical structure-based virtual screening strategy that combines molecular docking and the fragment molecular orbital method (FMO) for calculating binding affinity (referred to as the Dock-FMO protocol). For the SHP2 target, the FMO method prediction has a high correlation between the binding affinity of the protein-ligand interaction and experimental values (R2 = 0.55), demonstrating a significant advantage over the MM/PBSA (R2 = 0.02) and MM/GBSA (R2 = 0.15) methods. Therefore, we employed Dock-FMO virtual screening of ChemDiv database of ∼2,990,000 compounds to identify a novel SHP2 allosteric inhibitor bearing hydroxyimino acetamide scaffold. Experimental validation demonstrated that the new compound (E)-2-(hydroxyimino)-2-phenyl-N-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)acetamide (7188-0011) effectively inhibited SHP2 in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis revealed the binding stability of compound 7188-0011 and the SHP2 protein, along with the key interacting residues in the allosteric binding site. Overall, our work has identified a novel and promising allosteric inhibitor that targets SHP2, providing a new starting point for further optimization to develop more potent inhibitors. METHODS All the molecular docking studies were employed to identify potential leads with Maestro v10.1. The protein-ligand binding affinities of potential leads were further predicted by FMO calculations at MP2/6-31G* level using GAMESS v2020 system. MD simulations were carried out with AmberTools18 by applying the FF14SB force field. MD trajectories were analyzed using VMD v1.9.3. MM/GB(PB)SA binding free energy analysis was carried out with the mmpbsa.py tool of AmberTools18. The docking and MD simulation results were visualized through PyMOL v2.5.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Manzhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Longfeng Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Ruan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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Sun H, Bai X, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Dai J, Xing P, Zhu J, Liu R, Wang Z, Li X. Small Molecule SHP2 Inhibitor LXQ-217 Affects Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation in Vitro and in Vivo. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301610. [PMID: 38379194 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SHP2 is highly expressed in a variety of cancer and has emerged as a potential target for cancer therapeutic agents. The identification of uncharged pTyr mimics is an important direction for the development of SHP2 orthosteric inhibitors. METHODS Surface plasmon resonance analysis and cellular thermal shift assay were employed to verify the direct binding of LXQ-217 to SHP2. The inhibitory effect of LXQ-217 was characterized by linear Weaver-Burke enzyme kinetic analysis and BIOVIA Discovery Studio. The inhibition of tumor cell proliferation by LXQ-217 was characterized by cell viability assay, colony formation assays and hoechst 33258 staining. The inhibition of lung cancer proliferation in vivo was studied in nude mice after oral administration of LXQ-217. RESULTS An electroneutral bromophenol derivative, LXQ-217, was identified as a competitive SHP2 inhibitor. LXQ-217 induced apoptosis and inhibited growth of human pulmonary epithelial cells by affecting the RAS-ERK and PI3 K-AKT signaling pathways. Long-term oral administration of LXQ-217 significantly inhibited the proliferation ability of lung cancer cells in nude mice. Moreover, mice administered LXQ-217 orally at high doses exhibited no mortality or significant changes in vital signs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings on the uncharged orthosteric inhibitor provide a foundation for further development of a safe and effective anti-lung cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Dai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Pan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jiqiang Zhu
- Shandong Linghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 250299, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
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Cheng Y, Ouyang W, Liu L, Tang L, Zhang Z, Yue X, Liang L, Hu J, Luo T. Molecular recognition of ITIM/ITSM domains with SHP2 and their allosteric effect. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9155-9169. [PMID: 38165855 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03923d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Src homology 2-domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that is widely expressed in a variety of cells and regulates the immune response of T cells through the PD-1 pathway. However, the activation mechanism and allosteric effects of SHP2 remain unclear, hindering the development of small molecule inhibitors. For the first time, in this study, the complex structure formed by the intact PD-1 tail and SHP2 was modeled. The molecular recognition and conformational changes of inactive/active SHP2 versus ITIM/ITSM were compared based on prolonged MD simulations. The relative flexibility of the two SH2 domains during MD simulations contributes to the recruitment of ITIM/ITSM and supports the subsequent conformational change of SHP2. The binding free energy calculation shows that inactive SHP2 has a higher affinity for ITIM/ITSM than active SHP2, mainly because the former's N-SH2 refers to the α-state. In addition, a significant decrease in the contribution to the binding energy of certain residues (e.g., R32, S34, K35, T42, and K55) of conformationally transformed SHP2 contributes to the above result. These detailed changes during conformational transition will provide theoretical guidance for the molecular design of subsequent novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Breast Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China.
- Multi-omics Laboratory of Breast Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative, Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Weiwei Ouyang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources, Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingkai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources, Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources, Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinru Yue
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources, Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources, Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources, Development of Sichuan Education Department, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Breast Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China.
- Multi-omics Laboratory of Breast Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Collaborative, Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
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Chen X, Keller SJ, Hafner P, Alrawashdeh AY, Avery TY, Norona J, Zhou J, Ruess DA. Tyrosine phosphatase PTPN11/SHP2 in solid tumors - bull's eye for targeted therapy? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1340726. [PMID: 38504984 PMCID: PMC10948527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Encoded by PTPN11, the Src-homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) integrates signals from various membrane-bound receptors such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), cytokine and integrin receptors and thereby promotes cell survival and proliferation. Activating mutations in the PTPN11 gene may trigger signaling pathways leading to the development of hematological malignancies, but are rarely found in solid tumors. Yet, aberrant SHP2 expression or activation has implications in the development, progression and metastasis of many solid tumor entities. SHP2 is involved in multiple signaling cascades, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-, PI3K-AKT-, JAK-STAT- and PD-L1/PD-1- pathways. Although not mutated, activation or functional requirement of SHP2 appears to play a relevant and context-dependent dichotomous role. This mostly tumor-promoting and infrequently tumor-suppressive role exists in many cancers such as gastrointestinal tumors, pancreatic, liver and lung cancer, gynecological entities, head and neck cancers, prostate cancer, glioblastoma and melanoma. Recent studies have identified SHP2 as a potential biomarker for the prognosis of some solid tumors. Based on promising preclinical work and the advent of orally available allosteric SHP2-inhibitors early clinical trials are currently investigating SHP2-directed approaches in various solid tumors, either as a single agent or in combination regimes. We here provide a brief overview of the molecular functions of SHP2 and collate current knowledge with regard to the significance of SHP2 expression and function in different solid tumor entities, including cells in their microenvironment, immune escape and therapy resistance. In the context of the present landscape of clinical trials with allosteric SHP2-inhibitors we discuss the multitude of opportunities but also limitations of a strategy targeting this non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase for treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Steffen Johannes Keller
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Hafner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asma Y. Alrawashdeh
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Yul Avery
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johana Norona
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jinxue Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dietrich Alexander Ruess
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Sahu P, Mitra A, Ganguly A. Targeting KRAS and SHP2 signaling pathways for immunomodulation and improving treatment outcomes in solid tumors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 386:167-222. [PMID: 38782499 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Historically, KRAS has been considered 'undruggable' inspite of being one of the most frequently altered oncogenic proteins in solid tumors, primarily due to the paucity of pharmacologically 'druggable' pockets within the mutant isoforms. However, pioneering developments in drug design capable of targeting the mutant KRAS isoforms especially KRASG12C-mutant cancers, have opened the doors for emergence of combination therapies comprising of a plethora of inhibitors targeting different signaling pathways. SHP2 signaling pathway, primarily known for activation of intracellular signaling pathways such as KRAS has come up as a potential target for such combination therapies as it emerged to be the signaling protein connecting KRAS and the immune signaling pathways and providing the link for understanding the overlapping regions of RAS/ERK/MAPK signaling cascade. Thus, SHP2 inhibitors having potent tumoricidal activity as well as role in immunomodulation have generated keen interest in researchers to explore its potential as combination therapy in KRAS mutant solid tumors. However, the excitement with these combination therapies need to overcome challenges thrown up by drug resistance and enhanced toxicity. In this review, we will discuss KRAS and SHP2 signaling pathways and their roles in immunomodulation and regulation of tumor microenvironment and also analyze the positive effects and drawbacks of the different combination therapies targeted at these signaling pathways along with their present and future potential to treat solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sahu
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ankita Mitra
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anirban Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India.
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12
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Yang X, Xiong J, Yu B, Song Y. Emerging therapeutic approaches of SHP2-targeted modulators. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:291-294. [PMID: 38275153 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tweetable abstract Monotherapy and combination therapy of SHP2 regulator for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jinbo Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bin Yu
- College of Chemistry, Pingyuan Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Yihui Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Xu WQ, Qi SZ, Zhao JF, Li LP, Ding CH, Liu WS. Discovery of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyrazine derivatives as selective allosteric inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 for the treatment of KRAS G12C-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38258435 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2308771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The high expression or mutation of SHP2 can induce cancer, so targeting SHP2 has become a new strategy for cancer treatment. In this study, we used the previously reported SHP2 allosteric inhibitor IACS-13909 as a lead drug for structural derivation and modification, and synthesized three SHP2 inhibitors. Among them, 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine derivative 4b was a highly selective SHP2 allosteric inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 3.2 nM, and its inhibitory activity was 17.75 times than that of the positive control IACS-13909. The cell proliferation experiment detected that compound 4b would markedly inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cells. Interestingly, compound 4b was highly sensitive to KRASG12C-mutant non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H358 cells, with an IC50 value of 0.58 μM and its antiproliferative activity was 4.79 times than that of IACS-13909. Furthermore, the combination therapy of compound 4b and KRASG12C inhibitor sotorasib would play a strong synergistic effect against NCI-H358 cells. The western blot experiment detected that compound 4b markedly downregulated the phosphorylation levels of ERK and AKT in NCI-H358 cells. Molecular docking study predicted that compound 4b bound to the allosteric site of SHP2 and formed H-bond interactions with key residues Thr108, Glu110, Arg111, and Phe113. In summary, this study aims to provide new ideas for the development of SHP2 allosteric inhibitors for the treatment of KRASG12C mutant non-small cell lung cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shi-Zhou Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ji-Feng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medicine and Health (Clinical Applied Pharmacology), Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Peng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuan-Hua Ding
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medicine and Health (Clinical Applied Pharmacology), Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Shan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medicine and Health (Clinical Applied Pharmacology), Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
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Yuan Z, Chen X, Fan S, Chang L, Chu L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li S, Xie J, Hu J, Miao R, Zhu L, Zhao Z, Li H, Li S. Binding Free Energy Calculation Based on the Fragment Molecular Orbital Method and Its Application in Designing Novel SHP-2 Allosteric Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:671. [PMID: 38203841 PMCID: PMC10779950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The accurate prediction of binding free energy is a major challenge in structure-based drug design. Quantum mechanics (QM)-based approaches show promising potential in predicting ligand-protein binding affinity by accurately describing the behavior and structure of electrons. However, traditional QM calculations face computational limitations, hindering their practical application in drug design. Nevertheless, the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method has gained widespread application in drug design due to its ability to reduce computational costs and achieve efficient ab initio QM calculations. Although the FMO method has demonstrated its reliability in calculating the gas phase potential energy, the binding of proteins and ligands also involves other contributing energy terms, such as solvent effects, the 'deformation energy' of a ligand's bioactive conformations, and entropy. Particularly in cases involving ionized fragments, the calculation of solvation free energy becomes particularly crucial. We conducted an evaluation of some previously reported implicit solvent methods on the same data set to assess their potential for improving the performance of the FMO method. Herein, we develop a new QM-based binding free energy calculation method called FMOScore, which enhances the performance of the FMO method. The FMOScore method incorporates linear fitting of various terms, including gas-phase potential energy, deformation energy, and solvation free energy. Compared to other widely used traditional prediction methods such as FEP+, MM/PBSA, MM/GBSA, and Autodock vina, FMOScore showed good performance in prediction accuracies. By constructing a retrospective case study, it was observed that incorporating calculations for solvation free energy and deformation energy can further enhance the precision of FMO predictions for binding affinity. Furthermore, using FMOScore-guided lead optimization against Src homology-2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2), we discovered a novel and potent allosteric SHP-2 inhibitor (compound 8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Sisi Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Longfeng Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Linna Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Shuang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jinxin Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Runyu Miao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Lili Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.Y.); (X.C.); (S.F.); (Z.Z.)
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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15
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Liu X, Li M, Chen L, Wen F, Zheng S, Ge W. High expression of SHP2 predicts a promising prognosis in colorectal cancer. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2024; 67:29-35. [PMID: 38358185 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_894_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is hyper-activated in some solid tumors. Previous findings suggest that the expression of SHP2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) may be associated with prognosis. However, validation with large sample data is lacking. Materials and Methods: Tissue microarrays containing 860 CRCs and 197 mucosal tissues adjacent to the tumors were constructed. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of SHP2. Differences between SHP2 expression and clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests were used to analyze the relationships between SHP2 expression and the overall survival of patients. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors. Results SHP2 expression in CRCs tissues was significantly higher than those in adjacent mucosal tissues (P < 0.001). SHP2 expression was related to tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, distant metastasis, vascular tumor thrombus, lymph node metastasis, and TNM classification (P < 0.05). The prognosis of the high-expression group of SHP2 was significantly better than that of the low-expression group (P = 0.008). Univariate analysis showed that the expression of SHP2 was a prognostic factor for CRC (P = 0.008). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that SHP2 remained an independent prognostic factor for CRC (P = 0.033). Conclusion The expression of SHP2 was significantly higher in CRC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. High expression of SHP2 was associated with a promising outcome, suggesting that SHP2 may be a favorable prognostic indicator of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibo Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Lirong Chen
- Department of Pathology, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wen
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiting Ge
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Li YM, He HW, Zhang N. Targeting Protein Phosphatases for the Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:171-189. [PMID: 38213163 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501278886231221092522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
There exists a huge number of patients suffering from chronic liver disease worldwide. As a disease with high incidence and mortality worldwide, strengthening the research on the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease and the development of novel drugs is an important issue related to the health of all human beings. Phosphorylation modification of proteins plays a crucial role in cellular signal transduction, and phosphatases are involved in the development of liver diseases. Therefore, this article summarized the important role of protein phosphatases in chronic liver disease with the aim of facilitating the development of drugs targeting protein phosphatases for the treatment of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong-Wei He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Na Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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17
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Tojjari A, Saeed A, Sadeghipour A, Kurzrock R, Cavalcante L. Overcoming Immune Checkpoint Therapy Resistance with SHP2 Inhibition in Cancer and Immune Cells: A Review of the Literature and Novel Combinatorial Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5384. [PMID: 38001644 PMCID: PMC10670368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SHP2 (Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase 2) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase widely expressed in various cell types. SHP2 plays a crucial role in different cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Aberrant activation of SHP2 has been implicated in multiple human cancers and is considered a promising therapeutic target for treating these malignancies. The PTPN11 gene and functions encode SHP2 as a critical signal transduction regulator that interacts with key signaling molecules in both the RAS/ERK and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways; SHP2 is also implicated in T-cell signaling. SHP2 may be inhibited by molecules that cause allosteric (bind to sites other than the active site and attenuate activation) or orthosteric (bind to the active site and stop activation) inhibition or via potent SHP2 degraders. These inhibitors have anti-proliferative effects in cancer cells and suppress tumor growth in preclinical models. In addition, several SHP2 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for cancer treatment. This review aims to provide an overview of the current research on SHP2 inhibitors, including their mechanism of action, structure-activity relationships, and clinical development, focusing on immune modulation effects and novel therapeutic strategies in the immune-oncology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tojjari
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Arezoo Sadeghipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-175, Iran
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Department of Medicine, Genome Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Huang R, Zhang YT, Lin Y, Pang RL, Yang Z, Zhao WH. Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 11 Gene Mutation. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:1011-1026. [PMID: 38023823 PMCID: PMC10648958 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s420254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of our study was to investigate the clinical characteristics, molecular biological characteristics and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) gene mutation. Methods The clinical data of 30 newly diagnosed adult AML patients with PTPN11 gene mutation were analyzed retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional risk regression model were examined for prognostic analysis and prognostic factor screening. Results High-frequency mutation sites of PTPN11 gene are located in exon 3 of chromosome 12, which are D61 and A72 (16.7%), followed by E76 (13.3%). The median variant allele frequency (VAF) of PTPN11 mutant gene is 18.4%. The patients were divided into two groups according to PTPN11 VAF 35.3% (upper quartile). We observed that the peripheral blood leukocyte count in patients with VAF ≥35.3% was significantly higher than patients with VAF < 35.3% (p = 0.019) and also closely related to M5 (p = 0.016) and internal tandem duplication (ITD) of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) (FLT3-ITD) mutation (p = 0.048). Taking PTPN11 VAF 20% and 35.3% as the cutoff value, the patients were divided into two groups, and the overall survival and event-free survival (EFS) of the two groups were not significant. Multivariate analysis of Cox risk ratio model showed that white blood cell count and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) physical status score were independent risk factors affecting the EFS. Conclusion Our study observed that PTPN11 VAF may not be a prognostic factor in patients with PTPN11mut AML. Newly diagnosed high white blood cell count and poor performance status were independent risk factors for EFS in PTPN11mut AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Lin
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ru-Li Pang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hua Zhao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 530021, People’s Republic of China
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Sabnis RW. Novel Pyrazolopyrazine Compounds as SHP2 Inhibitors for Treating Glioblastoma. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1336-1337. [PMID: 37849559 PMCID: PMC10577881 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Provided herein are novel pyrazolopyrazine compounds as SHP2 inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions, use of such compounds in treating glioblastoma, and processes for preparing such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram W. Sabnis
- Smith, Gambrell & Russell LLP, 1105 W. Peachtree Street NE, Suite
1000, Atlanta, Georgia 30309, United States
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20
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Qiu L, Gao Q, Tao A, Jiang J, Li C. Mometasone Furoate Inhibits the Progression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma via Regulating Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 11. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2597. [PMID: 37892971 PMCID: PMC10603855 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mometasone furoate (MF) is a kind of glucocorticoid with extensive pharmacological actions, including inhibiting tumor progression; however, the role of MF in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of MF against HNSCC and investigate its underlying mechanisms. Cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis were analyzed to explore the effect of MF on HNSCC cells. A xenograft study model was used to investigate the effect of MF on HNSCC in vivo. The core targets of MF for HNSCC were identified using network pharmacology analysis, TCGA database analysis and real-time PCR. Molecular docking was performed to determine the binding energy. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11)-overexpressing cells were constructed, and then, the cell viability and the expression levels of proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins were detected after treatment with MF to explore the role of PTPN11 in the inhibitory effect of MF against HNSCC. After cells were treated with MF, cell viability and the number of colonies were decreased, the cell cycle was arrested and cell apoptosis was increased. The xenograft study results showed that MF could inhibit cell proliferation via promoting cell apoptosis in vivo. PTPN11 was shown to be the core target of MF against HNSCC via network pharmacology analysis, TCGA database analysis and real-time PCR. The molecular docking results revealed that PTPN11 exhibited the strongest ability to bind to MF. Finally, MF could attenuate the effects of increased cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis caused by PTPN11 overexpression, suggesting that MF can inhibit the progression of HNSCC by regulating PTPN11. MF targeted PTPN11, promoting cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis, and consequently exerting effective anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qiu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Anqi Tao
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiuhui Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing 100081, China
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21
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Serda M, Korzuch J, Dreszer D, Krzykawska-Serda M, Musioł R. Interactions between modified fullerenes and proteins in cancer nanotechnology. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103704. [PMID: 37453461 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenes have numerous properties that fill the gap between small molecules and nanomaterials. Several types of chemical reaction allow their surface to be ornamented with functional groups designed to change them into 'ideal' nanodelivery systems. Improved stability, and bioavailability are important, but chemical modifications can render them practically soluble in water. 'Buckyball' fullerene scaffolds can interact with many biological targets and inhibit several proteins essential for tumorigeneses. Herein, we focus on the inhibitory properties of fullerene nanomaterials against essential proteins in cancer nanotechnology, as well as the use of dedicated proteins to improve the bioavailability of these promising nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Serda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Julia Korzuch
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dominik Dreszer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Robert Musioł
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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22
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Seo SU, Woo SM, Kwon TK. Cathepsin K inhibition induces Raptor destabilization and mitochondrial dysfunction via Syk/SHP2/Src/OTUB1 axis-mediated signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:366. [PMID: 37330581 PMCID: PMC10276854 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Raptor signaling pathway is a critical point of intervention in the invasion and progression of cancer. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src-mediated phosphorylation of OTUB1-Y26 plays a critical role in Raptor stabilization, whereas cathepsin K inhibitor (odanacatib; ODN) and knockdown (siRNA) induce Raptor destabilization. However, the mechanisms involved in cathepsin K inhibition-induced OTUB1-Y26 phosphorylation in Raptor stabilization have not been yet elucidated. This study showed that cathepsin K inhibition activates SHP2, a tyrosine phosphatase, that dephosphorylates OTUB1 and destabilizes Raptor, whereas SHP2 deletion and pharmacological inhibition increase OTUB1-Y26 phosphorylation and Raptor expression. SHP2 deletion also led to the inhibition of ODN-induced mitochondrial ROS, fusion, and dysfunction. Furthermore, cathepsin K inhibition phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) at Y525 and Y526, resulting in the SHP2-mediated dephosphorylation of OTUB1-Y26. Collectively, our findings identified Syk not only as an upstream tyrosine kinase required for SHP2 activation but also showed a critical mechanism that regulates ODN-induced Raptor downregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, Syk/SHP2/Src/OTUB1 axis-mediated signaling can act as a therapeutic target in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
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23
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Bajusz D, Pándy-Szekeres G, Takács Á, de Araujo ED, Keserű GM. SH2db, an information system for the SH2 domain. Nucleic Acids Res 2023:7173719. [PMID: 37207333 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
SH2 domains are key mediators of phosphotyrosine-based signalling, and therapeutic targets for diverse, mostly oncological, disease indications. They have a highly conserved structure with a central beta sheet that divides the binding surface of the protein into two main pockets, responsible for phosphotyrosine binding (pY pocket) and substrate specificity (pY + 3 pocket). In recent years, structural databases have proven to be invaluable resources for the drug discovery community, as they contain highly relevant and up-to-date information on important protein classes. Here, we present SH2db, a comprehensive structural database and webserver for SH2 domain structures. To organize these protein structures efficiently, we introduce (i) a generic residue numbering scheme to enhance the comparability of different SH2 domains, (ii) a structure-based multiple sequence alignment of all 120 human wild-type SH2 domain sequences and their PDB and AlphaFold structures. The aligned sequences and structures can be searched, browsed and downloaded from the online interface of SH2db (http://sh2db.ttk.hu), with functions to conveniently prepare multiple structures into a Pymol session, and to export simple charts on the contents of the database. Our hope is that SH2db can assist researchers in their day-to-day work by becoming a one-stop shop for SH2 domain related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Bajusz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group and National Laboratory for Drug Researchand Development, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gáspár Pándy-Szekeres
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group and National Laboratory for Drug Researchand Development, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ágnes Takács
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group and National Laboratory for Drug Researchand Development, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Elvin D de Araujo
- Centre for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - György M Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group and National Laboratory for Drug Researchand Development, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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24
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Welsh CL, Allen S, Madan LK. Setting sail: Maneuvering SHP2 activity and its effects in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 160:17-60. [PMID: 37704288 PMCID: PMC10500121 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of tyrosine phosphorylation being a critical modulator of cancer signaling, proteins regulating phosphotyrosine levels in cells have fast become targets of therapeutic intervention. The nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) coded by the PTPN11 gene "SHP2" integrates phosphotyrosine signaling from growth factor receptors into the RAS/RAF/ERK pathway and is centrally positioned in processes regulating cell development and oncogenic transformation. Dysregulation of SHP2 expression or activity is linked to tumorigenesis and developmental defects. Even as a compelling anti-cancer target, SHP2 was considered "undruggable" for a long time owing to its conserved catalytic PTP domain that evaded drug development. Recently, SHP2 has risen from the "undruggable curse" with the discovery of small molecules that manipulate its intrinsic allostery for effective inhibition. SHP2's unique domain arrangement and conformation(s) allow for a truly novel paradigm of inhibitor development relying on skillful targeting of noncatalytic sites on proteins. In this review we summarize the biological functions, signaling properties, structural attributes, allostery and inhibitors of SHP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin L Welsh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sarah Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lalima K Madan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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25
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Wang H, Wang C, Li B, Zheng C, Liu G, Liu Z, Zhang L, Xu P. Discovery of ML210-Based glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) degrader inducing ferroptosis of human cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115343. [PMID: 37087895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death caused by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation. The glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is an antioxidative enzyme and a major regulator of ferroptosis. Targeting GPX4 has become a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Here in this article, we designed and synthesized a series of GPX4 degraders using ML210 as a warhead. DC-2 among them has been found to have the best degradation activity with the DC50 value of 0.03 μM in HT1080 cells. It also showed an obvious cell growth inhibition effect with the IC50 value of 0.1 μM in HT1080 cells. Mechanism research showed that DC-2 induced GPX4 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and autophagy-lysosome pathway. GPX4 degradation induced by DC-2 could result in the accumulation of ROS and subsequent ferroptosis. The pharmacodynamics study showed that DC-2 could reduce the GPX4 level in HT1080 tumor tissue in mice and has a good safety profile. Above all, a potent and safe compound DC-2 has been found to induce GPX4 degradation and subsequent ferroptosis. This study may lay the foundation for a highly efficient and safe drug with a new mechanism for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Bingru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cangxin Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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26
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Gao X, Kang J, Li X, Chen C, Luo D. Deletion of the tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 in cervical cancer cells promotes reprogramming of glutamine metabolism. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22880. [PMID: 36943407 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202078rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Shp2 is a nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that is overexpressed in cervical cancer. However, the role of Shp2 in the regulation of cervical cancer metabolism and tumorigenesis is unclear. EGFR signaling pathways are commonly dysregulated in cervical cancer. We showed that Shp2 knockout in cervical cancer cells decreased EGFR expression and downregulated downstream RAS-ERK activation. Although AKT was activated in Shp2 knockout cells, inhibition of AKT activation could not make cells more sensitive to death. Shp2 depletion inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation and reduced tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. 1 H NMR spectroscopic analysis showed that glutamine, glutamate, succinate, creatine, glutathione, and UDP-GlcNAc were significantly changed in Shp2 knockout cells. The intracellular glutamine level was higher in Shp2 knockout cells than in control cells. Further analysis demonstrated that Shp2 knockout promoted glutaminolysis and glutathione production by up-regulating the glutamine metabolism-related genes such as glutaminase (GLS). However, inhibition of GLS did not always make cells sensitive to death, which was dependent on glucose concentration. The level of oxidative phosphorylation was significantly increased, accompanied by an increased generation of reactive oxygen species in Shp2 knockout cells. Shp2 deficiency increased c-Myc and c-Jun expression, which may be related to the upregulation of glutamine metabolism. These findings suggested that Shp2 regulates cervical cancer proliferation, glutamine metabolism, and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Gao
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jie Kang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiangke Li
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Duqiang Luo
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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27
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Li S, Chen T, Liu J, Zhang H, Li J, Wang Z, Shang G. PROTACs: Novel tools for improving immunotherapy in cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 560:216128. [PMID: 36933781 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation, are important in governing protein expression levels. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are novel structures designed to target a protein of interest (POI) for ubiquitination and degradation, leading to the selective reduction in the expression levels of the POI. PROTACs have exhibited great promise due to their ability to target undruggable proteins, including several transcription factors. Recently, PROTACs have been characterized to improve anticancer immunotherapy via the regulation of specific proteins. In this review, we describe how the PROTACs target several molecules, including HDAC6, IDO1, EGFR, FoxM1, PD-L1, SHP2, HPK1, BCL-xL, BET proteins, NAMPT, and COX-1/2, to regulate immunotherapy in human cancers. PROTACs may provide potential treatment benefits by enhancing immunotherapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhe Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
| | - Jiatong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233030, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Guanning Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
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28
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Cao Y, Zhou L, Fang Z, Zou Z, Zhao J, Zuo X, Li G. Application of functional peptides in the electrochemical and optical biosensing of cancer biomarkers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3383-3398. [PMID: 36808189 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Early screening and diagnosis are the most effective ways to prevent the occurrence and progression of cancers, thus many biosensing strategies have been developed to achieve economic, rapid, and effective detection of various cancer biomarkers. Recently, functional peptides have been gaining increasing attention in cancer-related biosensing due to their advantageous features of a simple structure, ease of synthesis and modification, high stability, and good biorecognition, self-assembly and antifouling capabilities. Functional peptides can not only act as recognition ligands or enzyme substrates for the selective identification of different cancer biomarkers but also function as interfacial materials or self-assembly units to improve the biosensing performances. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in functional peptide-based biosensing of cancer biomarkers according to the used techniques and the roles of peptides. Particular attention is focused on the use of electrochemical and optical techniques, both of which are the most commonly used techniques in the field of biosensing. The challenges and promising prospects of functional peptide-based biosensors in clinical diagnosis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Liang Zhou
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Zhikai Fang
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Zihan Zou
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Genxi Li
- Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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29
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Li H, Guan B, Liu S, Liu H, Song L, Zhang G, Zhao R, Zhou C, Gao P. PTPN14 promotes gastric cancer progression by PI3KA/AKT/mTOR pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:188. [PMID: 36898991 PMCID: PMC10006225 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a high molecular heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis. Although gastric cancer is a hot area of medical research, the mechanism of gastric cancer occurrence and development is still unclear. New strategies for treating gastric cancer need to be further explored. Protein tyrosine phosphatases play vital roles in cancer. A growing stream of studies shows that strategies or inhibitors targeting protein tyrosine phosphatases have been developed. PTPN14 belongs to the protein tyrosine phosphatase subfamily. As an inert phosphatase, PTPN14 has very poor activity and mainly functions as a binding protein through its FERM (four-point-one, ezrin, radixin, and moesin) domain or PPxY motif. The online database indicated that PTPN14 may be a poor prognostic factor for gastric cancer. However, the function and underlying mechanism of PTPN14 in gastric cancer remain unclear. We collected gastric cancer tissues and detected the expression of PTPN14. We found that PTPN14 was elevated in gastric cancer. Further correlation analysis indicated that PTPN14 was relevant with the T stage and cTNM (clinical tumor node metastasis classification) stage. The survival curve analysis showed that gastric cancer patients with higher PTPN14 expression had a shorter survival time. In addition, we illustrated that CEBP/β (CCAAT enhanced binding protein beta) could transcriptionally activate PTPN14 expression in gastric cancer. The highly expressed PTPN14 combined with NFkB (nuclear factor Kappa B) through its FERM domain and accelerated NFkB nucleus translocation. Then, NFkB promoted the transcription of PI3KA and initiated the PI3KA/AKT/mTOR pathway to promote gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Finally, we established mice models to validate the function and the molecular mechanism of PTPN14 in gastric cancer. In summary, our results illustrated the function of PTPN14 in gastric cancer and demonstrated the potential mechanisms. Our findings provide a theoretical basis to better understand the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bingxin Guan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haiting Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Song
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guohao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruinan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengjun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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30
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Zhong J, Bai H, Wang Z, Duan J, Zhuang W, Wang D, Wan R, Xu J, Fei K, Ma Z, Zhang X, Wang J. Treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with driver mutations: current applications and future directions. Front Med 2023; 17:18-42. [PMID: 36848029 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
With the improved understanding of driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), expanding the targeted therapeutic options improved the survival and safety. However, responses to these agents are commonly temporary and incomplete. Moreover, even patients with the same oncogenic driver gene can respond diversely to the same agent. Furthermore, the therapeutic role of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncogene-driven NSCLC remains unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to classify the management of NSCLC with driver mutations based on the gene subtype, concomitant mutation, and dynamic alternation. Then, we provide an overview of the resistant mechanism of target therapy occurring in targeted alternations ("target-dependent resistance") and in the parallel and downstream pathways ("target-independent resistance"). Thirdly, we discuss the effectiveness of ICIs for NSCLC with driver mutations and the combined therapeutic approaches that might reverse the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment. Finally, we listed the emerging treatment strategies for the new oncogenic alternations, and proposed the perspective of NSCLC with driver mutations. This review will guide clinicians to design tailored treatments for NSCLC with driver mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hua Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jianchun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Rui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiachen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Kailun Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zixiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Govindaraj RG, Thangapandian S, Schauperl M, Denny RA, Diller DJ. Recent applications of computational methods to allosteric drug discovery. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1070328. [PMID: 36710877 PMCID: PMC9877542 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1070328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in exploiting allosteric sites for the development of new therapeutics has grown considerably over the last two decades. The chief driving force behind the interest in allostery for drug discovery stems from the fact that in comparison to orthosteric sites, allosteric sites are less conserved across a protein family, thereby offering greater opportunity for selectivity and ultimately tolerability. While there is significant overlap between structure-based drug design for orthosteric and allosteric sites, allosteric sites offer additional challenges mostly involving the need to better understand protein flexibility and its relationship to protein function. Here we examine the extent to which structure-based drug design is impacting allosteric drug design by highlighting several targets across a variety of target classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Gandhi Govindaraj
- Computational Chemistry, HotSpot Therapeutics Inc., Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Rajiv Gandhi Govindaraj,
| | | | - Michael Schauperl
- Computational Chemistry, HotSpot Therapeutics Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - David J. Diller
- Computational Chemistry, HotSpot Therapeutics Inc., Boston, MA, United States
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32
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Hayashi T, Hatakeyama M. Exploring Allosteric Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases Through High-Throughput Screening. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2691:235-245. [PMID: 37355550 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3331-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) using a natural or synthetic chemical or natural product library is a powerful technique for discovering novel small-molecular-weight compounds in order to develop drugs that specifically inhibit or activate molecular targets, malfunctioning of which underlies the development of diseases, especially malignant neoplasms. In contrast to a large number of successful cases in obtaining inhibitors against protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) using HTS, however, the development of selective inhibitors for protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) has lagged since PTP family members share highly conserved catalytic domain structures. Here, in this chapter we describe a novel method for exploring seed compounds of allosteric PTP inhibitors from a chemical/natural product library through HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Hayashi
- Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Laboratory of Microbial Carcinogenesis, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
- Center of Infection-Associated Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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33
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Yarnall MT, Kim SH, Korntner S, Bishop AC. Destabilization of the SHP2 and SHP1 protein tyrosine phosphatase domains by a non-conserved "backdoor" cysteine. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 32:101370. [PMID: 36275931 PMCID: PMC9578986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are critical regulators of cellular signal transduction that catalyze the hydrolytic dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine in substrate proteins. Among several conserved features in classical PTP domains are an active-site cysteine residue that is necessary for catalysis and a "backdoor" cysteine residue that can serve to protect the active-site cysteine from irreversible oxidation. Curiously, two biologically important phosphatases, Src homology domain-containing PTPs 2 and 1 (SHP2 and SHP1), each contain an additional backdoor cysteine residue at a position of the PTP domain that is occupied by proline in almost all other classical PTPs (position 333 in human SHP2 numbering). Here we show that the presence of cysteine 333 significantly destabilizes the fold of the PTP domains in the SHPs. We find that replacement of cysteine 333 with proline confers increased thermal stability on the SHP2 and SHP1 PTP domains, as measured by temperature-dependent activity assays and differential scanning fluorimetry. Conversely, we show that substantial destabilization of the PTP-domain fold is conferred by introduction of a non-natural cysteine residue in a non-SHP PTP that contains proline at the 333 position. It has previously been suggested that the extra backdoor cysteine of the SHP PTPs may work in tandem with the conserved backdoor cysteine to provide protection from irreversible oxidative enzyme inactivation. If so, our current results suggest that, during the course of mammalian evolution, the SHP proteins have developed extra protection from oxidation at the cost of the thermal instability that is conferred by the presence of their PTP domains' second backdoor cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean H. Kim
- Amherst College, Department of Chemistry, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
| | - Samuel Korntner
- Amherst College, Department of Chemistry, Amherst, MA, 01002, USA
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Tang K, Wang S, Gao W, Song Y, Yu B. Harnessing the cyclization strategy for new drug discovery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4309-4326. [PMID: 36562004 PMCID: PMC9764076 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of new ligands with high affinity and specificity against the targets of interest has been a central focus in drug discovery. As one of the most commonly used methods in drug discovery, the cyclization represents a feasible strategy to identify new lead compounds by increasing structural novelty, scaffold diversity and complexity. Such strategy could also be potentially used for the follow-on drug discovery without patent infringement. In recent years, the cyclization strategy has witnessed great success in the discovery of new lead compounds against different targets for treating various diseases. Herein, we first briefly summarize the use of the cyclization strategy in the discovery of new small-molecule lead compounds, including the proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC) molecules. Particularly, we focus on four main strategies including fused ring cyclization, chain cyclization, spirocyclization and macrocyclization and highlight the use of the cyclization strategy in lead generation. Finally, the challenges including the synthetic intractability, relatively poor pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles and the absence of the structural information for rational structure-based cyclization are also briefly discussed. We hope this review, not exhaustive, could provide a timely overview on the cyclization strategy for the discovery of new lead compounds.
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35
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Nussinov R, Tsai CJ, Jang H. A New View of Activating Mutations in Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4114-4123. [PMID: 36069825 PMCID: PMC9664134 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A vast effort has been invested in the identification of driver mutations of cancer. However, recent studies and observations call into question whether the activating mutations or the signal strength are the major determinant of tumor development. The data argue that signal strength determines cell fate, not the mutation that initiated it. In addition to activating mutations, factors that can impact signaling strength include (i) homeostatic mechanisms that can block or enhance the signal, (ii) the types and locations of additional mutations, and (iii) the expression levels of specific isoforms of genes and regulators of proteins in the pathway. Because signal levels are largely decided by chromatin structure, they vary across cell types, states, and time windows. A strong activating mutation can be restricted by low expression, whereas a weaker mutation can be strengthened by high expression. Strong signals can be associated with cell proliferation, but too strong a signal may result in oncogene-induced senescence. Beyond cancer, moderate signal strength in embryonic neural cells may be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, and moderate signals in aging may be associated with neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease. The challenge for improving patient outcomes therefore lies in determining signaling thresholds and predicting signal strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, NCI, Frederick, Maryland
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36
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Wang M, Xiang Y, Wang R, Zhang L, Zhang H, Chen H, Luan X, Chen L. Dihydrotanshinone I Inhibits the Proliferation and Growth of Oxaliplatin-Resistant Human HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227774. [PMID: 36431875 PMCID: PMC9692243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a first-line chemotherapeutic drug for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), but acquired drug resistance becomes the main cause of treatment failure. Increasing evidence has shown that some natural components may serve as chemoresistant sensitizers. In this study, we discovered Dihydrotanshinone I (DHTS) through virtual screening using a ligand-based method, and explored its inhibitory effects and the mechanism on OXA-resistant CRC in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that DHTS could effectively inhibit the proliferation of HCT116 and HCT116/OXA resistant cells. DHTS-induced cell apoptosis blocked cell cycle in S and G2/M phases, and enhanced DNA damage of HCT116/OXA cells in a concentration-dependent manner. DHTS also exhibited the obvious inhibition of tumor growth in the HCT116/OXA xenograft model. Mechanistically, DHTS could downregulate the expression of Src homology 2 structural domain protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2) and Wnt/β-catenin, as well as conventional drug resistance and apoptosis-related proteins such as multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRP1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL. Thus, DHTS markedly induces cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth in OXA-resistant HCT116 CRC mice models, which can be used as a novel lead compound against OXA-resistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Luan
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.C.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-51322428 (X.L.); +86-21-51322720 (L.C.)
| | - Lili Chen
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.C.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-51322428 (X.L.); +86-21-51322720 (L.C.)
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37
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Deng Y, Ma G, Vallega KA, Wang D, Wang M, Wang C, Wang S, Ramalingam SS, Sun SY. Therapeutic efficacy of the novel SHP2 degrader SHP2-D26, alone or in combination, against lung cancer is associated with modulation of p70S6K/S6, Bim and Mcl-1. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1558-1569. [PMID: 35449204 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
SHP2, a protein tyrosine phosphatase, plays a critical role in fully activating oncogenic signaling pathways such as Ras/MAPK downstream of cell surface tyrosine receptors (e.g., EGFR), which are often activated in human cancers, and thus has emerged as an attractive cancer therapeutic target. This study focused on evaluating the therapeutic potential of the novel SHP2 degrader, SHP2-D26 (D26), either alone or in combination, against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. While all tested NSCLC cell lines responded to D26 with IC50s of < 8 μM, a few cell lines (4/14) were much more sensitive than others with IC50s of ≤ 4 μM. There was no clear association between basal levels of SHP2 and cell sensitivities to D26. Moreover, D26 rapidly and potently decreased SHP2 levels in different NSCLC cell lines in a sustained way regardless of cell sensitivities to D26, suggesting that additional factors may impact cell response to D26. We noted that suppression of p70S6K/S6, but not ERK1/2, was associated with cell responses to D26. In the sensitive cell lines, D26 effectively increased Bim levels while decreasing Mcl-1 levels accompanied with the induction of apoptosis. When combined with the third generation EGFR inhibitor, osimertinib (AZD9291), synergistic effects on decreasing the survival of different osimertinib-resistant cell lines were observed with enhanced induction of apoptosis. Although D26 alone exerted moderate inhibition of the growth of NSCLC xenografts, the combination of osimertinib and D26 effectively inhibited the growth of osimertinib-resistant xenografts, suggesting promising efficacy in overcoming acquired resistance to osimertinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfu Deng
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guangzhi Ma
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Karin A Vallega
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Changwei Wang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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38
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Liu G, Chen T, Zhang X, Ma X, Shi H. Small molecule inhibitors targeting the cancers. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e181. [PMID: 36254250 PMCID: PMC9560750 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with traditional therapies, targeted therapy has merits in selectivity, efficacy, and tolerability. Small molecule inhibitors are one of the primary targeted therapies for cancer. Due to their advantages in a wide range of targets, convenient medication, and the ability to penetrate into the central nervous system, many efforts have been devoted to developing more small molecule inhibitors. To date, 88 small molecule inhibitors have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat cancers. Despite remarkable progress, small molecule inhibitors in cancer treatment still face many obstacles, such as low response rate, short duration of response, toxicity, biomarkers, and resistance. To better promote the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting cancers, we comprehensively reviewed small molecule inhibitors involved in all the approved agents and pivotal drug candidates in clinical trials arranged by the signaling pathways and the classification of small molecule inhibitors. We discussed lessons learned from the development of these agents, the proper strategies to overcome resistance arising from different mechanisms, and combination therapies concerned with small molecule inhibitors. Through our review, we hoped to provide insights and perspectives for the research and development of small molecule inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui‐Hong Liu
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xue‐Lei Ma
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hua‐Shan Shi
- Department of BiotherapyState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyCancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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39
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Kang X. Small-Molecule PROTACs for Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175439. [PMID: 36080223 PMCID: PMC9458232 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsatisfactory physicochemical properties of macromolecular drugs seriously hinder their application in tumor immunotherapy. However, these problems can be effectively solved by small-molecule compounds. In the promising field of small-molecule drug development, proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) offers a novel mode of action in the interactions between small molecules and therapeutic targets (mainly proteins). This revolutionary technology has shown considerable impact on several proteins related to tumor survival but is rarely exploited in proteins associated with immuno-oncology up until now. This review attempts to comprehensively summarize the well-studied and less-developed immunological targets available for PROTAC technology, as well as some targets to be explored, aiming to provide more options and opportunities for the development of small-molecule-based tumor immunotherapy. In addition, some novel directions that can magnify and broaden the protein degradation efficiency are mentioned to improve PROTAC design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xin Kang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-19138939183
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40
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Zalpoor H, Nabi-Afjadi M, Forghaniesfidvajani R, Tavakol C, Farahighasreaboonasr F, Pakizeh F, Dana VG, Seif F. Quercetin as a JAK-STAT inhibitor: a potential role in solid tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:60. [PMID: 35883021 PMCID: PMC9327369 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is involved in many immunological processes, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. Some of these processes can contribute to cancer progression and neurodegeneration. Owing to the complexity of this pathway and its potential crosstalk with alternative pathways, monotherapy as targeted therapy has usually limited long-term efficacy. Currently, the majority of JAK-STAT-targeting drugs are still at preclinical stages. Meanwhile, a variety of plant polyphenols, especially quercetin, exert their inhibitory effects on the JAK-STAT pathway through known and unknown mechanisms. Quercetin has shown prominent inhibitory effects on the JAK-STAT pathway in terms of anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity, as well as control of neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses the pharmacological effects of quercetin on the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in solid tumors and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Forghaniesfidvajani
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Farid Pakizeh
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Ghobadi Dana
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Seif
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab St., Aboureyhan St., Vahid Nazari Crossroad, P17, Tehran, Postal code: 1315795613 Iran
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41
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Cao Y, Duan H, Su A, Xu L, Lai B. A pan-cancer analysis confirms PTPN11's potential as a prognostic and immunological biomarker. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5590-5610. [PMID: 35802774 PMCID: PMC9320542 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) is a multifunctional tyrosine phosphatase and has a significant part in many types of tumors. As of yet, neither the expression profile of PTPN11 nor its significance in pan-cancer diagnosis has been clarified. With the assistance of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we have comprehensively mapped the expression profiles, prognostic significance, genetic alteration, phosphorylation status, infiltration of immune cells, and functional properties of PTPN11 in 33 human tumors. There was an inconsistent expression of PTPN11 in different tumors, and the alteration of PTPN11 expression predicted the survival outcomes of cancer patients. A significant association was found between the genetic alteration levels of PTPN11 and some tumor predictions. Besides, the reduced PTPN11 phosphorylation levels were observed in breast cancer, clear cell RCC, head and neck carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Furthermore, there was a significant association between PTPN11 expression and infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells, along with tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, mismatch repair genes, and immunoregulators. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that PTPN11-associated terms and pathways were involved in malignancy. Taken together, PTPN11 may become a new biomarker and target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Haixia Duan
- Department of Reproduction Gynecology, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Ailing Su
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Liran Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Baochang Lai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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42
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Pan J, Zhou L, Zhang C, Xu Q, Sun Y. Targeting protein phosphatases for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases: From signaling to therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:177. [PMID: 35665742 PMCID: PMC9166240 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is the common pathological basis of autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases, malignant tumors, and other major chronic diseases. Inflammation plays an important role in tissue homeostasis. On one hand, inflammation can sense changes in the tissue environment, induce imbalance of tissue homeostasis, and cause tissue damage. On the other hand, inflammation can also initiate tissue damage repair and maintain normal tissue function by resolving injury and restoring homeostasis. These opposing functions emphasize the significance of accurate regulation of inflammatory homeostasis to ameliorate inflammation-related diseases. Potential mechanisms involve protein phosphorylation modifications by kinases and phosphatases, which have a crucial role in inflammatory homeostasis. The mechanisms by which many kinases resolve inflammation have been well reviewed, whereas a systematic summary of the functions of protein phosphatases in regulating inflammatory homeostasis is lacking. The molecular knowledge of protein phosphatases, and especially the unique biochemical traits of each family member, will be of critical importance for developing drugs that target phosphatases. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the structure, the "double-edged sword" function, and the extensive signaling pathways of all protein phosphatases in inflammation-related diseases, as well as their potential inhibitors or activators that can be used in therapeutic interventions in preclinical or clinical trials. We provide an integrated perspective on the current understanding of all the protein phosphatases associated with inflammation-related diseases, with the aim of facilitating the development of drugs that target protein phosphatases for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lisha Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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43
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Song Y, Yang X, Wang S, Zhao M, Yu B. Crystallographic landscape of SHP2 provides molecular insights for SHP2 targeted drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1781-1821. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University 450001 Henan Zhengzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou University 450000 Henan Zhengzhou China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University 450001 Henan Zhengzhou China
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University 450001 Henan Zhengzhou China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University 450001 Henan Zhengzhou China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhengzhou University 450001 Henan Zhengzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment Zhengzhou University 450000 Henan Zhengzhou China
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44
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Zhou P, Xiao M, Li W, Sun X, Bai Y, Meng F, Zhu Z, Yuan W, Sun K. SHP2 Inhibitors Show Anti-Myeloma Activity and Synergize With Bortezomib in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:841308. [PMID: 35462913 PMCID: PMC9019471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.841308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that remains incurable. The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is a central node regulating RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and proteasome inhibitor (PI) resistance of MM. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that SHP2 inhibitors exerted antitumor activity in cancer-harboring diverse mutations in the RAS pathway, offering the potential for targeting myeloma. In this study, we showed that pharmacological inhibition of SHP2 activity using SHP099 and RMC-4550 efficiently inhibited the proliferation of MM cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. As per the mechanism, SHP2 inhibitors activated the level of cleaved caspase3, BAK, and P21 and downregulated ERK phosphorylation in MM cells. Moreover, the blockade of SHP2 exhibited anti-myeloma effect in vivo in a mouse xenograft model. In addition, SHP2 inhibitors synergized the antineoplastic effect of bortezomib in bortezomib-sensitive MM cells and showed identical efficacy in targeting bortezomib-resistant MM cells. Overall, our findings suggest that SHP2-specific inhibitors trigger anti-myeloma activity in vitro and in vivo by regulating the ERK pathway and enhancing cytotoxicity of bortezomib, providing therapeutic benefits for both bortezomib naïve and resistant MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyu Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiya Li
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobai Sun
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanliang Bai
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feiying Meng
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zunmin Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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45
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Chen X, Shu C, Li W, Hou Q, Luo G, Yang K, Wu X. Discovery of a Novel Src Homology-2 Domain Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-2 (SHP2) and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) Dual Inhibitor for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6729-6747. [PMID: 35447031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a huge clinical challenge and dual-targeted small-molecule drugs might provide new therapeutic options for this type of breast cancer. In this work, we discovered a series of SHP2 and CDK4 dual inhibitors through a fused pharmacophore strategy and structural optimization. Notably, lead compound 10 with excellent SHP2 (IC50 = 4.3 nM) and CDK4 (IC50 = 18.2 nM) inhibitory activities effectively induced G0/G1 arrest to prevent the proliferation of TNBC cell lines. Furthermore, compound 10 showed great in vivo pharmacokinetic properties (F = 45.8%) and exerted significant antitumor efficacy in the EMT6 syngeneic mouse model. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that 10 effectively targeted on both SHP2 and CDK4 and activated the immune response in tumors. These results indicate that lead compound 10, as the first SHP2 and CDK4 dual inhibitor, merits further development for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chengxia Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiangqiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Guangmei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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46
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Immune Checkpoint Receptors Signaling in T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073529. [PMID: 35408889 PMCID: PMC8999077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the receptors negatively modulating lymphocyte function is rapidly advancing, driven by success in tumor immunotherapy. As a result, the number of immune checkpoint receptors characterized from a functional perspective and targeted by innovative drugs continues to expand. This review focuses on the less explored area of the signaling mechanisms of these receptors, of those expressed in T cells. Studies conducted mainly on PD-1, CTLA-4, and BTLA have evidenced that the extracellular parts of some of the receptors act as decoy receptors for activating ligands, but in all instances, the tyrosine phosphorylation of their cytoplasmatic tail drives a crucial inhibitory signal. This negative signal is mediated by a few key signal transducers, such as tyrosine phosphatase, inositol phosphatase, and diacylglycerol kinase, which allows them to counteract TCR-mediated activation. The characterization of these signaling pathways is of great interest in the development of therapies for counteracting tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte exhaustion/anergy independently from the receptors involved.
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47
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Dai J, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Bai X, Liu F, Li S, Yu Y, Hu W, Shi T, Shi D, Li X. Toward a Treatment of Cancer: Design and In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation of Uncharged Pyrazoline Derivatives as a Series of Novel SHP2 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073497. [PMID: 35408869 PMCID: PMC8998978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) encoded by the PTPN11 gene, which is involved in the RAS/MAPK cell signaling transduction process. SHP2 has been shown to contribute to the progression of various cancers and is emerging as an important target for anti-tumor drug research. However, past efforts to develop SHP2 inhibitors into drugs have been unsuccessful owing to the positively charged nature of the active site pocket tending to bind negatively charged groups that are usually non-drug-like. Here, a series of uncharged pyrazoline derivatives were designed and developed as new SHP2 inhibitors using a structure-based strategy. Compound 4o, which exhibited the strongest SHP2 inhibitory activity, bound directly to the catalytic domain of SHP2 in a competitive manner through multiple hydrogen bonds. Compound 4o affected the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway by inhibiting SHP2, and subsequently induced apoptosis and growth inhibition of HCT116 cells in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the oral administration of compound 4o in large doses showed no obvious toxicity. In summary, our findings provide a basis for the further development of compound 4o as a safe, effective and anti-tumor SHP2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Yiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Yanan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Xiaoyi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Yanyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Wenpeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
| | - Ting Shi
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China;
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266200, China; (J.D.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.B.); (F.L.); (S.L.); (Y.Y.); (W.H.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (X.L.)
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48
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Song YH, Yang XY, Yu B. KRAS Q61H Mutation Confers Cancer Cells with Acquired Resistance to SHP2 Inhibition. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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49
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Kuang W, Wang X, Ding J, Li J, Ji M, Chen W, Wang L, Yang P. PTPN2, A Key Predictor of Prognosis for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Significantly Regulates Cell Cycles, Apoptosis, and Metastasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:805311. [PMID: 35154122 PMCID: PMC8829144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.805311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the members of the PTPN family and emphasized the key role of PTPN2 as a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker in improving the survival rate of PAAD. Method Oncomine was used to analyze the pan-cancer expression of the PTPN gene family. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data as well as Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) data were downloaded to analyze the expression and prognosis of PTPNs. The diagnosis of PTPNs was evaluated by the experimental ROC curve. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by combining STRING and Cytoscape. The genes of 50 proteins most closely related to PTPN2 were screened and analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment. The differentially expressed genes of PTPN2 were found by RNA sequencing, and GSEA enrichment analysis was carried out to find the downstream pathways and targets, which were verified by online tools and experiments. Finally, the relationship between PTPN2 and immune cell infiltration in PAAD, and the relationship with immune score and immune checkpoint were studied. Result The expression patterns and the prognostic value of multiple PTPNs in PAAD have been reported through bioinformatic analyzes. Among these members, PTPN2 is the most important prognostic signature that regulates the progression of PAAD by activating JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Comparison of two PAAD cell lines with normal pancreatic epithelial cell lines revealed that PTPN2 expression was up-regulated as a key regulator of PAAD, which was associated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of PTPN2 caused a profound decrease in PAAD cell growth, migration, invasion, and induced PAAD cell cycle and apoptosis. In addition, we conducted a series of enrichment analyses to investigate the PTPN2-binding proteins and the PTPN2 expression-correlated genes. We suggest that STAT1 and EGFR are the key factors to regulate PTPN2, which are involved in the progression of PAAD. Meanwhile, the silencing of PTPN2 induced the repression of STAT1 and EGFR expression. Conclusion These findings provide a comprehensive analysis of the PTPN family members, and for PAAD, they also demonstrate that PTPN2 is a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minghui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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50
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Song Y, Wang S, Zhao M, Yang X, Yu B. Strategies Targeting Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP2 for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3066-3079. [PMID: 35157464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 encoded by PTPN11 is a promising therapeutic target for cancer therapy, while the multifaceted roles of SHP2 complicate the drug discovery targeting SHP2. Given the biological significance of SHP2, strategies targeting SHP2 have been developed in recent years. To date, eight SHP2 inhibitors have advanced into clinical trials as mono- or combined therapy for treating solid tumors or adaptive resistant cancers. In this Perspective, we briefly summarize the strategies targeting SHP2 including inhibitors, activators, and proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) degraders. Besides, targeting the protein-protein interactions between SHP2 and other adaptor proteins is also discussed. Finally, we also highlight the target- and pathway-dependent combination strategies of SHP2 for cancer therapy. This Perspective may provide a timely and updated overview on the strategies targeting SHP2 for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100000, China
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