1
|
Chu DH, Qi SZ, Gao HY, Wang M. Discovery of new triterpenoids from Leptopus clarkei and their antiproliferative activity on cancer cells. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301572. [PMID: 38145473 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Two new triterpenoids (1-2), along with six known analogues (3-8) were obtained from the dried whole plant of Leptopus clarkei. Compound 1 is a 3,4-seco-lupane-type triterpenoid, and compound 2 is a phenylpropanoid-conjugated pentacyclic triterpenoid possessing trans-p-coumaroyl unit attached to oleanane-type skeleton. This is the first report on chemical investigation of the L. clarkei, and the triterpenoid derivatives were found in this plant for the first time. The structures of the new compounds were unequivocally elucidated by HRESIMS and 1D/2D NMR data. Additionally, the isolated compounds were evaluated for theircytotoxicities against four cancer cell lines including HepG2, MCF-7, A549 and HeLa. Notably, compound 2 exhibited the most significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 less than 20 μM for four cancer lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hai Chu
- Xuzhou College of Industrial Technology, NO. 1 Xiangwang Road, Gulou District, Xuzhou, 221140, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shi-Zhou Qi
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Yellow river second road 661, BinZhou, 256603, ShanDong Province, PR China
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu WQ, Qi SZ, Zhao JF, Li LP, Ding CH, Liu WS. Discovery of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyrazine derivatives as selective allosteric inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 for the treatment of KRAS G12C-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38258435 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2308771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The high expression or mutation of SHP2 can induce cancer, so targeting SHP2 has become a new strategy for cancer treatment. In this study, we used the previously reported SHP2 allosteric inhibitor IACS-13909 as a lead drug for structural derivation and modification, and synthesized three SHP2 inhibitors. Among them, 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine derivative 4b was a highly selective SHP2 allosteric inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 3.2 nM, and its inhibitory activity was 17.75 times than that of the positive control IACS-13909. The cell proliferation experiment detected that compound 4b would markedly inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cells. Interestingly, compound 4b was highly sensitive to KRASG12C-mutant non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H358 cells, with an IC50 value of 0.58 μM and its antiproliferative activity was 4.79 times than that of IACS-13909. Furthermore, the combination therapy of compound 4b and KRASG12C inhibitor sotorasib would play a strong synergistic effect against NCI-H358 cells. The western blot experiment detected that compound 4b markedly downregulated the phosphorylation levels of ERK and AKT in NCI-H358 cells. Molecular docking study predicted that compound 4b bound to the allosteric site of SHP2 and formed H-bond interactions with key residues Thr108, Glu110, Arg111, and Phe113. In summary, this study aims to provide new ideas for the development of SHP2 allosteric inhibitors for the treatment of KRASG12C mutant non-small cell lung cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shi-Zhou Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ji-Feng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medicine and Health (Clinical Applied Pharmacology), Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Peng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics (Theranostics), School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuan-Hua Ding
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medicine and Health (Clinical Applied Pharmacology), Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Shan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medicine and Health (Clinical Applied Pharmacology), Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qi SZ, Li BB, Liu MS, Zhang Z, Miao S, Gong KK. Chemical constituents from the seeds of Cullen corylifolium and their inhibitory activity on diacylglycerol acyltransferase. Nat Prod Res 2022; 37:1601-1607. [PMID: 35876050 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2103126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A large number of extracts of medicinal plants or natural products shows beneficial to combat obesity. In the present work, a new flavonoid named (2S,1″R,2″R)-4'-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxy-3-methyl-butyl)-flavanone (1), along with seven known compounds (2-8) were isolated from the seeds of Cullen corylifolium. Their structures, including the absolute configurations, were determined by the analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data and computational calculation methods. All isolates were evaluated for their diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) inhibitory activity. Compounds 1-4 exhibited different level of DGAT1 inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 28.2 ± 1.1 to 127.3 ± 1.9 μM. In addition, 45 flavonoids which be evaluated for DGAT inhibitory activity were summarised and potential structure-activity relationships were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhou Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Ban-Ban Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Meng-Shan Liu
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Shuang Miao
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Kai-Kai Gong
- Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qi SZ, Zhang XX, Jin Y, Wang M, Long LP, Jing WH, Song KR, Wang D, Gao HY. Phenylpropanoid-conjugated pentacyclic triterpenoids from the whole plants of Leptopus lolonum induced cell apoptosis via MAPK and Akt pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Bioorg Chem 2021; 111:104886. [PMID: 33836342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our present and previous phytochemical investigations on Leptopus lolonum have resulted in the isolation of almost 30 phenylpropanoid-conjugated pentacyclic triterpenoids (PCPTs). During the continuous study on PCPTs, this kind of triterpenoid ester is considered as a natural product with low toxicity because of it's widely distribution in natural plants and edible fruits including kiwi fruit, durian, jujube, pawpaw, apple and pear. In the present work, we report the isolation, structural elucidation and cytotoxic evaluation of four new PCPTs (1-4) which obtained from L. lolonum. In addition, the possible biosynthesis pathway for 28-norlupane triterpenoid and potent effect of phenylpropanoid moiety for increasing the cytotxic effect of triterpenoids were also discussed. Among these compounds, compound 1 exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells with IC50 value of 11.87 μM. Further flow cytometry and western blot analysis demonstrated that 1 caused G1 cell cycle arrest by up-regulated the expression of phosphorylated p53 protein in HepG2 cells and induced cell apoptosis via MAPK and Akt pathways. These results emphasized the potential of PCPTs as lead compounds for developing anti-cancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhou Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Long
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hua Jing
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Ru Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qi SZ, Liu T, Wang M, Zhang XX, Yang YR, Jing WH, Long LP, Song KR, Jin Y, Gao HY. New phenylpropanoid-conjugated pentacyclic triterpenoids from the whole plants of Leptopus lolonum with their antiproliferative activities on cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104628. [PMID: 33461038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Most of Euphorbiaceae plants are considered as folk medicinal plants because of their various pharmacological effects. However, there are eight Leptopus genus plants which belong to Euphorbiaceae have never be investigated. Thus, four Leptopus genus plants were collected to study their chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. In the present work, the cytotoxicities of the extracts of four Leptopus genus plants were evaluated before phytochemical experiments. And nine new phenylpropanoid-conjugated pentacyclic triterpenoids, along with twenty-two known compounds were isolated from the whole plants of Leptopus lolonum. The structures of these new compounds were unequivocally elucidated by HRESIMS and 1D/2D NMR data. All triterpenoids were screened for their cytotoxicities against four cancer cell lines including HepG2, MCF-7, A549 and HeLa. Among these isolates, the triterpenoid with a phenylpropanoid unit showed increasing cytotoxicity on cancer cells, which suggested the importance of the phenylpropanoid moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhou Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ren Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hua Jing
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Long
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Ru Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qi SZ, Li N, Tuo ZD, Li JL, Xing SS, Li BB, Zhang L, Lee HS, Chen JG, Cui L. Effects of Morus root bark extract and active constituents on blood lipids in hyperlipidemia rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 180:54-9. [PMID: 26806569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chinese crude drug Mori Cortex Radicis (the root cortex of Morus species) has been used as a folk medicine to treat hypertension, diabetes, as well as in expectorant, diuretic agents. This investigation aims to study the anti-hyperlipidemia effects of Mori Cortex Radicis (MCR) extracts in hyperlipidemic rat models and the potential therapeutic activities of compounds isolated from the extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of MCR on hypolipidemic parameters were investigated using Wistar rats induced by high-lipid emulsion. Sixty healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal group, hyperlipidaemia model group, simvastatin, and high-, medium- and low-dose MCR extracts. After four weeks, body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high and low-density lipoproteins (HDL, LDL), as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. To further investigation, four major active compounds were isolated from extracts through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and their diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) inhibitory activity was evaluated. RESULTS MCR dose-dependently reduced serum TC, TG, LDL-C, inhibited the activity of ALT, AST, and increased HDL-C. Furthermore, in vitro biochemistry tests revealed that four active isolates showed moderate inhibitory activity against DGAT1 with IC50 values ranging from 62.1 ± 1.2 to 99.3 ± 2.3 µM. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated that MCR could effectively ameliorate hyperlipidaemia and inhibit DGAT1 that a key enzyme closely related to hyperlipidaemia and type 2 diabetes. It may provide a new pharmacological basis for treating hyperlipidaemia and related diseases using MCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhou Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Dong Tuo
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Jia-Lin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Ban-Ban Li
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Hyun-Sun Lee
- Molecular Cancer Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 685-1 Yangcheongri, Ochangeup, Cheongwongun, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jian-Guang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China
| | - Long Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li JL, Li N, Lee HS, Xing SS, Qi SZ, Tuo ZD, Zhang L, Li BB, Chen JG, Cui L. Four new sesqui-lignans isolated from Acanthopanax senticosus and their diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) inhibitory activity. Fitoterapia 2016; 109:185-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
8
|
Li N, Tuo ZD, Qi SZ, Xing SS, Lee HS, Chen JG, Cui L. Two new lignans from Saururus chinensis and their DGAT inhibitory activity. Fitoterapia 2015; 101:46-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
9
|
Li N, Tuo ZD, Xing SS, Qi SZ, Lee HS, Cui L. A New Dammarane-type Triterpene with PTP1B Inhibitory Activity from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.10.3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Abstract
We report on the influence of choice of promoter and RNA polymerase, 5'-untranslated regions and ribosome binding sites, codon usage, leader peptide coding sequences and poly A tail in the 3'-untranslated region on the synthesis of porcine somatotropin (PST) in Escherichia coli. A total of 12 different constructs were tested in this study for the production of porcine somatotropin (PST) in E. coli. Several factors have significant effects on PST synthesis. In the presence of a strong promoter and a strong ribosome binding site, the next most important factor seems to be the combination of sequences at the 5'-end of the mRNA including both the 5'-untranslated region and the start of the coding sequence. Codon usage in the 5'-coding sequence per se is not important in determining the level of PST synthesis where high level expression is achieved from a strong ribosome binding site. However, where low level synthesis of recombinant PST (rPST) is achieved, codon usage in the 5'-coding sequence is important in determining the level of PST synthesis. Leader sequences dramatically reduce the level of PST synthesis. The presence of a poly A tail in the 3'-untranslated region has no significant effect on PST synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Wang
- Department of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Somatotropin treatment of U.S-breed finishing hogs improves feed efficiency, growth rate and carcass lean-to-fat ratio. Because Chinese-bred hogs have poorer feed efficiency, growth rate and lean-to-fat ratio than U.S. bred hogs, the characteristics affected by porcine somatotropin (PST) may respond differently to treatment. In the present experiment, Beijing Black finishing hogs (a composite of a local Chinese, Berkshire and Yorkshire breeds) were treated with PST for 28 d from average initial to final weights of 67.8 to 96.6 kg. In hogs individually fed as much as they would eat four times a day (n = 12/treatment group, six gilts and six barrows), feed efficiency was improved by 22.4 and 29.9% by 2 and 4 mg/d PST, respectively (P less than .01), primarily due to increased growth rate (22.1 and 32.6% greater than control, respectively, P less than .01); feed intake was not affected. Performance of group-housed and group-fed hogs (six/pen, four pens/treatment) administered 2 mg/d PST for 28 d (average initial and final weights of 66.5 +/- 1.7 and 94.0 +/- 2.4 kg, respectively) was similar (22.7% improved feed efficiency, P less than .01; 25% increased growth rate, P less than .01). At slaughter, last rib backfat thickness was decreased an average of 19.2% for hogs treated with 2 and 4 mg/d PST (P less than .01). Percentage of total muscle, obtained by physical separation of the half-carcass, was increased an average of 13.5% (P less than .01), whereas percentage of total fat was decreased 21.8% (P less than .01) in PST-treated hogs. The pH, water-holding capacity and meat color scores of longissimus muscle from PST-treated hogs did not differ from those of control hogs. Growth rate, feed efficiency and muscle weight responses to PST treatment were at least as large as those for U.S. breeds.
Collapse
|
12
|
Qi SZ. [The experience of difficult cases of complete upper denture]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1988; 23:269-70, 318. [PMID: 3234136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
13
|
Qi SZ. [Prosthetic designs for reduced vertical space in posterior teeth with deep overbite in anterior teeth]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Ke Za Zhi 1986; 21:264-6, 317. [PMID: 3556079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
14
|
Qi SZ. [Methods for the restoration of deep overbite with removable appliances (author's transl)]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Ke Za Zhi 1980; 15:48-50. [PMID: 6950889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|