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Gurgul AA, Najjar Y, Chee A, An H, Che CT, Park TJ, Warpeha KM. Phenylpropanoid-enriched broccoli seedling extract can reduce inflammatory markers and pain behavior. J Transl Med 2023; 21:922. [PMID: 38115032 PMCID: PMC10731810 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a worldwide problem requiring an effective, affordable, non-addictive therapy. Using the edible plant broccoli, a growth protocol was developed to induce a concentrated combinatorial of potential anti-inflammatories in seedlings. METHODS A growth method was utilized to produce a phenylpropanoid-rich broccoli sprout extract, referred to as Original Extract (OE). OE was concentrated and then resuspended for study of the effects on inflammation events. A rabbit disc model of inflammation and degeneration, and, a mouse model of pain behavior were used for in vivo and in vitro tests. To address aspects of mammalian metabolic processing, the OE was treated with the S9 liver microsome fraction derived from mouse, for use in a mouse in vivo study. Analytical chemistry was performed to identify major chemical species. Continuous variables were analyzed with a number of methods including ANOVA, and two-tailed t tests, as appropriate. RESULTS In a rabbit spine (disc) injury model, inflammatory markers were reduced, and levels of regenerative markers were increased as a result of OE treatment, both in vivo and in vitro. In a mouse pain behavioral model, after treatment with S9 liver microsome fraction, the resultant extract significantly reduced early and late pain behavior in response to a pain stimulus. The OE itself reduced pain behavior in the mouse pain model, but did not achieve the level of significance observed for S9-treated extract. Analytical chemistry undertaken on the extract constituents revealed identities of the chemical species in OE, and how S9 liver microsome fraction treatment altered species identities and proportions. CONCLUSIONS In vitro and in vivo results indicate that the OE, and S9-treated OE broccoli extracts are worthwhile materials to develop a non-opiate inflammation and pain-reducing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra A Gurgul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yahya Najjar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 900 S Ashland Ave, M/C 567, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Ana Chee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Howard An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chun-Tao Che
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas J Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 900 S Ashland Ave, M/C 567, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Katherine M Warpeha
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 900 S Ashland Ave, M/C 567, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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Miranda FR, Avelar BR, de Jesus ILR, Guimarães BG, Bonfim IV, Alves MCC, Ferreira TP, Azevedo TRC, Cid YP, Scott FB. Do combinations of fipronil, eugenol and carvacrol have synergistic effects against Rhipicephalus sanguineus? Parasitol Res 2023; 123:48. [PMID: 38095726 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus is one of the main ectoparasites that affects dogs, causing direct and indirect damage to parasitized animals. Currently, infestation control is mainly carried out by using synthetic acaricidal drugs. However, a decrease in efficacy and an increase in resistance to the main therapeutic protocols against tick infestations have been increasingly reported and confirmed, a factor that has driven research into the potential acaricide activity of natural compounds, including in association with synthetic molecules. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the combinations of fipronil (FIP) and eugenol (EUG), FIP and carvacrol (CAR), and EUG and CAR would have synergistic effects against immature and unfed adult stages of R. sanguineus through in vitro bioassays. Bioassays were carried out using the larval packet test (FAO 2004) adapted for nymphs and adults. The synergistic activity was explored by combining each solution, based on the estimated LC50, in a 1:1 ratio (FIP: EUG, FIP: CAR and EUG: CAR). CompuSyn software was used to evaluate the various pairwise combinations of FIP, EUG and CAR, checking if there was synergism or antagonism between them. FIP and EUG and FIP and CAR showed combination index (CIn) values above 1.45, indicating antagonism. The synergistic activity between EUG and CAR was verified against all unfed phases of R. sanguineus, since the CIn was below 0.70, a value that indicates synergism. The combination of fipronil with either eugenol or carvacrol presented antagonistic effects against R. sanguineus larvae. On the other hand, carvacrol and eugenol had excellent pharmacological synergism against all tick stages with mortality values in the range of 80 to 100%, including the adult stage, which is less susceptible than immature stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rocha Miranda
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Barbara Rauta Avelar
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Lins Raquel de Jesus
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Brena Gava Guimarães
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Vilela Bonfim
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Melina Cardilo Campos Alves
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Paes Ferreira
- Animal Parasitology Department, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Ribeiro Correa Azevedo
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Animal Parasitology Department, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yara Peluso Cid
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, Health and Biological Science Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fabio Barbour Scott
- Postgraduate Veterinary Sciences Program, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Animal Parasitology Department, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Tang Q, Xu Y, Gao F, Xu Y, Cheng C, Deng C, Chen J, Yuan X, Zhang X, Su J. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the differential accumulation of phenylpropanoids and terpenoids in hemp autotetraploid and its diploid progenitor. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:616. [PMID: 38049730 PMCID: PMC10696708 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis sativa, a dioecious plant that has been cultivated worldwide for thousands of years, is known for its secondary metabolites, especially cannabinoids, which possess several medicinal effects. In this study, we investigated the autopolyploidization effects on the biosynthesis and accumulation of these metabolites, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to explore the gene expression and metabolic variations in industrial hemp autotetraploids and their diploid progenitors. RESULTS Through these analyses, we obtained 1,663 differentially expressed metabolites and 1,103 differentially expressed genes. Integrative analysis revealed that phenylpropanoid and terpenoid biosynthesis were regulated by polyploidization. No substantial differences were found in the cannabidiol or tetrahydrocannabinol content between tetraploids and diploids. Following polyploidization, some transcription factors, including nine bHLH and eight MYB transcription factors, affected the metabolic biosynthesis as regulators. Additionally, several pivotal catalytic genes, such as flavonol synthase/flavanone 3-hydroxylase, related to the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway, were identified as being modulated by polyploidization. CONCLUSIONS This study enhances the overall understanding of the impact of autopolyploidization in C. sativa and the findings may encourage the application of polyploid breeding for increasing the content of important secondary metabolites in industrial hemp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
- Center for Industrial Hemp Science and Technology Innovation, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Yunnan Academy of Industrial Hemp, Kunming, 650214, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Chaohua Cheng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
- Center for Industrial Hemp Science and Technology Innovation, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Canhui Deng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Jiquan Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoge Yuan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China
| | - Jianguang Su
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China.
- Center for Industrial Hemp Science and Technology Innovation, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410205, Hunan, China.
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Hanko EKR, Valdehuesa KNG, Verhagen KJA, Chromy J, Stoney RA, Chua J, Yan C, Roubos JA, Schmitz J, Breitling R. Carboxylic acid reductase-dependent biosynthesis of eugenol and related allylphenols. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:238. [PMID: 37980525 PMCID: PMC10656918 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND (Hydroxy)cinnamyl alcohols and allylphenols, including coniferyl alcohol and eugenol, are naturally occurring aromatic compounds widely utilised in pharmaceuticals, flavours, and fragrances. Traditionally, the heterologous biosynthesis of (hydroxy)cinnamyl alcohols from (hydroxy)cinnamic acids involved CoA-dependent activation of the substrate. However, a recently explored alternative pathway involving carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) has proven efficient in generating the (hydroxy)cinnamyl aldehyde intermediate without the need for CoA activation. In this study, we investigated the application of the CAR pathway for whole-cell bioconversion of a range of (hydroxy)cinnamic acids into their corresponding (hydroxy)cinnamyl alcohols. Furthermore, we sought to extend the pathway to enable the production of a variety of allylphenols and allylbenzene. RESULTS By screening the activity of several heterologously expressed enzymes in crude cell lysates, we identified the combination of Segniliparus rugosus CAR (SrCAR) and Medicago sativa cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (MsCAD2) as the most efficient enzymatic cascade for the two-step reduction of ferulic acid to coniferyl alcohol. To optimise the whole-cell bioconversion in Escherichia coli, we implemented a combinatorial approach to balance the gene expression levels of SrCAR and MsCAD2. This optimisation resulted in a coniferyl alcohol yield of almost 100%. Furthermore, we extended the pathway by incorporating coniferyl alcohol acyltransferase and eugenol synthase, which allowed for the production of eugenol with a titre of up to 1.61 mM (264 mg/L) from 3 mM ferulic acid. This improvement in titre surpasses previous achievements in the field employing a CoA-dependent coniferyl alcohol biosynthesis pathway. Our study not only demonstrated the successful utilisation of the CAR pathway for the biosynthesis of diverse (hydroxy)cinnamyl alcohols, such as p-coumaryl alcohol, caffeyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol, from their corresponding (hydroxy)cinnamic acid precursors but also extended the pathway to produce allylphenols, including chavicol, hydroxychavicol, and methoxyeugenol. Notably, the microbial production of methoxyeugenol from sinapic acid represents a novel achievement. CONCLUSION The combination of SrCAR and MsCAD2 enzymes offers an efficient enzymatic cascade for the production of a wide array of (hydroxy)cinnamyl alcohols and, ultimately, allylphenols from their respective (hydroxy)cinnamic acids. This expands the range of value-added molecules that can be generated using microbial cell factories and creates new possibilities for applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals, flavours, and fragrances. These findings underscore the versatility of the CAR pathway, emphasising its potential in various biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik K R Hanko
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Kris Niño G Valdehuesa
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Koen J A Verhagen
- dsm-firmenich, Science & Research, P.O. Box 1, Delft, 2600 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub Chromy
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Ruth A Stoney
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Jeremy Chua
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Cunyu Yan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Johannes A Roubos
- dsm-firmenich, Science & Research, P.O. Box 1, Delft, 2600 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Schmitz
- dsm-firmenich, Science & Research, P.O. Box 1, Delft, 2600 MA, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Breitling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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5
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Liu Y, Ma D, Constabel CP. CRISPR/Cas9 Disruption of MYB134 and MYB115 in Transgenic Poplar Leads to Differential Reduction of Proanthocyanidin Synthesis in Roots and Leaves. Plant Cell Physiol 2023; 64:1189-1203. [PMID: 37522631 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are common specialized metabolites and particularly abundant in trees and woody plants. In poplar (Populus spp.), PA biosynthesis is stress-induced and regulated by two previously studied transcription factors MYB115 and MYB134. To determine the relative contribution of these regulators to PA biosynthesis, we created single- and double-knockout (KO) mutants for both genes in transgenic poplars using CRISPR/Cas9. Knocking out either MYB134 or MYB115 showed reduced PA accumulation and downregulated flavonoid genes in leaves, but MYB134 disruption had the greatest impact and reduced PAs to 30% of controls. In roots, by contrast, only the MYB134/MYB115 double-KOs showed a significant change in PA concentration. The loss of PAs paralleled the lower expression of PA biosynthesis genes and concentrations of flavan-3-ol PA precursors catechin and epicatechin. Interestingly, salicinoids were also affected in double-KOs, with distinct patterns in roots and shoots. We conclude that the regulatory pathways for PA biosynthesis differ in poplar leaves and roots. The residual PA content in the double-KO plants indicates that other transcription factors must also be involved in control of the PA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Liu
- Centre for Forest Biology & Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P5C3, Canada
| | - Dawei Ma
- Centre for Forest Biology & Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P5C3, Canada
| | - C Peter Constabel
- Centre for Forest Biology & Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P5C3, Canada
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Yin Q, Wu T, Gao R, Wu L, Shi Y, Wang X, Wang M, Xu Z, Zhao Y, Su X, Su Y, Han X, Yuan L, Xiang L, Chen S. Multi-omics reveal key enzymes involved in the formation of phenylpropanoid glucosides in Artemisia annua. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107795. [PMID: 37301186 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although mainly known for producing artemisinin, Artemisia annua is enriched in phenylpropanoid glucosides (PGs) with significant bioactivities. However, the biosynthesis of A. annua PGs is insufficiently investigated. Different A. annua ecotypes from distinct growing environments accumulate varying amounts of metabolites, including artemisinin and PGs such as scopolin. UDP-glucose:phenylpropanoid glucosyltransferases (UGTs) transfers glucose from UDP-glucose in PG biosynthesis. Here, we found that the low-artemisinin ecotype GS produces a higher amount of scopolin, compared to the high-artemisinin ecotype HN. By combining transcriptome and proteome analyses, we selected 28 candidate AaUGTs from 177 annotated AaUGTs. Using AlphaFold structural prediction and molecular docking, we determined the binding affinities of 16 AaUGTs. Seven of the AaUGTs enzymatically glycosylated phenylpropanoids. AaUGT25 converted scopoletin to scopolin and esculetin to esculin. The lack of accumulation of esculin in the leaf and the high catalytic efficiency of AaUGT25 on esculetin suggest that esculetin is methylated to scopoletin, the precursor of scopolin. We also discovered that AaOMT1, a previously uncharacterized O-methyltransferase, converts esculetin to scopoletin, suggesting an alternative route for producing scopoletin, which contributes to the high-level accumulation of scopolin in A. annua leaves. AaUGT1 and AaUGT25 responded to induction of stress-related phytohormones, implying the involvement of PGs in stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Yin
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Tianze Wu
- School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, No. 122, Lo Lion Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Ranran Gao
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Yueliang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaojia Su
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Yanyan Su
- Amway(China) Botanical R&D Center, Wuxi, 214115, China
| | - Xiaoyan Han
- China National Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA; Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546-0236, USA
| | - Li Xiang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Shilin Chen
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Xin J, Che T, Huang X, Yan H, Jiang S. A comprehensive view of metabolic responses to CYP98 perturbation in ancestral plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 201:107793. [PMID: 37276808 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 98 (CYP98) is a critical rate-limiting enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway. One of the end-product of the phenylpropanoid pathway is a lignin monomer, although the occurrence of lignin in bryophytes is controversial. Here we investigated the functions of PpCYP98 in Physcomitrium patens by transcriptome and metabolome analyses. We identified 5266 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 68 differentially abundant secondary metabolites between wild-type and ΔPpCYP98 gametophores. Of the identified metabolites, 23 phenolic acids were identified, with only one showing upregulation. Among the phenolic acids, 4-coumaroyl tartaric acid and chlorogenic acid showed significant decreases. Declines were also observed in coniferylaldehyde and coniferin, precursor substances and downstream products of the lignin monomer coniferyl alcohol, respectively. Thus, the pre-lignin synthesis pathway already exists in bryophytes, and PpCYP98 plays vital roles in this pathway. Besides, most flavonoids show significant reductions, including eriodyctiol, dihydroquecetin, and dihydromyricetin, whereas naringenin chalone and dihydrokaempferol were increased after PpCYP98 knockout. Therefore, the synthesis of flavonoids shares the core pathway with phenylpropanoids and mainly starts from caffeoyl-CoA, that is the compound of divergence between the two pathways in moss. PpCYP98 showed systemic effects on metabolisms, including carbohydrate, fatty acid, and hormonal signaling transductions, suggesting that PpCYP98 might indirectly regulate carbon influx allocation. Our results demonstrated roles of PpCYP98 were essential for the development of the early landing plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Tianmin Che
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Development Regulation, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Huiqing Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China; College of International Education, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
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8
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Silva IS, Vale L, Coutinho AL, Sousa LJMPE, Marchesini P, da Silva Matos R, Anholeto LA, Mathias MIC, Ferreira LL, Arruda W, Monteiro C. Thymol and eugenol against Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato engorged females: Biological, histopathological and bioinformatic analysis. Vet Parasitol 2023; 319:109938. [PMID: 37167691 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive biology and histopathology of the ovaries of engorged females of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato exposed to combinations of thymol and eugenol, as well as to evaluate in silico the possible interactions of thymol and eugenol in tick cell membranes. To evaluate the tick reproductive biology, the adult immersion test (AIT) was performed, in which the engorged females were immersed in solutions of thymol and eugenol, combined or alone, at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL. Two control groups (water and 3% DMSO) were also performed. The ticks were kept in a controlled chamber (B.O.D - 27 ± 1 °C and 80% ± 5% RH) to evaluate egg production and viability. To perform the ovaries histopathological evaluation, females were immersed in combination of thymol and eugenol (each at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL) and control (water and 3% DMSO) solutions. After immersion, the females were kept in B.O.D (27 ± 1 °C and RH of 80% ± 5%) for four days, they were dissected and the ovaries processed for histological analysis. In addition, an in silico analysis was performed using PASS online® software to predict probability activity (PA) of thymol and eugenol in cell membranes. The treatment with the combination of thymol and eugenol (each at 5.0 mg/mL) caused a reduction (p < 0.01) in oviposition, while the treatments with thymol (5.0 mg/mL) and combination of thymol and eugenol (5.0 mg/mL) reduced (p < 0.05) the egg viability. The treatment with combination of thymol and eugenol (5.0 mg/mL) resulted in a control percentage of 99.9%, while in the other treatments, control percentages below 56% were observed. Oocytes from the females exposed to the combinations of thymol and eugenol (each compound at 2.5 mg/mL) showed histopathological changes, except on oocyte V, while those treated with these compounds alone at 2.5 mg/mL, did not reveal any change. Changes in the shape of the oocyte, presence of vacuoles in the cytoplasm and germinal vesicle, reduction and fusion of yolk granules and rupture of some oocytes were observed. In silico analysis, showed that these compounds can act as membrane permeability inhibitors, membrane permeability agonists, membrane integrity antagonists and apoptosis agonists. We conclude that the combination of thymol and eugenol causes changes in the reproductive biology and morphophysiology of engorged females oocytes. The in silico analysis using thymol and eugenol revealed the possibility of disorganization in the cell membranes, a fact that may explain the histopathological alterations observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Santos Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Vale
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Coutinho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Lainny Jordana Martins Pereira E Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Marchesini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Renata da Silva Matos
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, PO Box 339, São Paulo 13560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Luís Adriano Anholeto
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, PO Box 339, São Paulo 13560-970, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel Camargo Mathias
- Departmento de Biologia do Instituto de Biociências da Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP), Avenida 24 A, n◦ 1515, São Paulo, Rio Claro, CEP: 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Walquiria Arruda
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, CEP 74.690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Caio Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235, s/n, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.605-050, Brazil.
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9
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Wang J, Tian P, Sun J, Li B, Jia J, Yuan J, Li X, Gu S, Pang X. CsMYC2 is involved in the regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis induced by trypsin in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) during storage. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 196:65-74. [PMID: 36701992 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trypsin has a new activity of scavenging superoxide anion and generating hydrogen peroxide. Trypsin can significantly improve the storage quality of C. sativus. To illustrate the mechanism of trypsin-induced resistance in fruits and vegetables, an integrated analysis of widely targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics was carried out. Transcriptomic results showed that 1068 genes highly related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis gathered in the brown module were obtained by WGCNA. In KEGG analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were also highly enriched in EIP (Environmental Information Processing) pathways "Plant hormone signal transduction (map04075)" and "MAPK signaling pathway-plant (map04016)". Next, 87 genes were identified as the leading edge by GSEA analysis. So far, CsMYC2 was highlighted as a key transcription factor that regulates phenylpropanoid biosynthesis identified by GSEA and WGCNA. Furthermore, the major route of biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid compounds including coumarins, lignins, chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, and derivatives regulated by trypsin was also illustrated by both transcriptomic and metabolomic data. Results of O2PLS showed that CsMYC2 was positively correlated with Rosmarinic acid-3-O-glucoside, Epigallocatechin, Quercetin-3-O-sophoroside (Baimaside), and so on. Correlation between CsMYC2, phenylpropanoid related genes, and metabolites in C. sativus was illustrated by co-expression networks. Roles of CsMYC2 were further checked in C. sativus by VIGS. The results of this study might give new insight into the exploration of the postharvest resistance mechanism of C. sativus induced by trypsin and provide useful information for the subsequent mining of resistance genes in C. sativus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Pingping Tian
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jiaju Sun
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Bairu Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jingyu Jia
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jiangfeng Yuan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, Luoyang, 471023, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Processing and Safety Education, Luoyang, 471000, China.
| | - Shaobin Gu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Xinyue Pang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
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10
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Su Y, Jiao M, Guan H, Zhao Y, Deji C, Chen G. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Saposhnikovia divaricata to reveal drought and rehydration adaption strategies. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3493-3502. [PMID: 36781610 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water scarcity has become one of the most prevalent environmental factors adversely affecting plant growth and development. Different species have developed multiple ways of drought resistance. Saposhnikovia divaricata is a commonly used traditional herb in East Asia. However, limited information is available on the drought response of this herb and further clarification of underlying molecular mechanism remains a challenge. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, a comparative transcriptome analysis was firstly conducted to identify the major pathways and candidate genes involved in the drought adaptive response of S. divaricata. The seedlings of S. divaricata were subjected to progressive drought by withholding water for 16 days followed by 8 days of rehydration. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 89,784 annotated unigenes. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) gradually increased with the deepening of drought and decreased after rehydration. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis suggested genes related to oxidoreductase activity, carbohydrate metabolism, plant hormone signaling pathway and secondary metabolism were important in drought response of S. divaricata. Specific genes involved in reactive oxygen species scavenging system (POD, Cu/Zn-SOD, APX), abscisic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathway (PYL4, PP2Cs, JAR1, JAZ) and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (4CL, CCR, CAD) underwent dynamic alterations under drought and rehydration. Finally, the expression pattern of 12 selected DEGs from the transcriptomic profiling was validated by real-time quantitative PCR. CONCLUSION Our study laid a foundation for understanding the stress response of S. divaricata and other Apiaceae family plant at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youla Su
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, China.,School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, China.,The Good Agriculture Practice Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Miaomiao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, China.,School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, China.,The Good Agriculture Practice Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Huan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, China.,School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, China.,The Good Agriculture Practice Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Yuhuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, China.,School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, China.,The Good Agriculture Practice Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Cuomu Deji
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, China.,School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, China
| | - Guilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Herbage & Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, China. .,The Good Agriculture Practice Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese and Mongolian Medicine in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010020, China.
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11
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da Silva Lima LR, Barros Santos MC, dos Santos D′Almeida CT, Cameron LC, Gutkoski LC, Ferreira MSL. Omics data reveals the phenolic fingerprint of Brazilian whole wheat flours of different technological qualities. J Food Sci Technol 2023; 60:783-796. [PMID: 36712211 PMCID: PMC9873850 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the most consumed staple foods used for bakery products. Outer layers of grain present a great diversity of bioactive compounds, especially phenolic compounds (PC). Free and bound PC were extracted from eight genotypes of whole wheat flours (WWF) presenting different technological classifications. These extracts were comprehensively characterized through untargeted metabolomics applying ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MSE) and spectrophotometric analyses. Chemical composition and colorimetry were also determined by classical analyses. Thirty-eight PC were tentatively identified by UHPLC-MSE belonging to three classes (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and other polyphenols), some of them identified in all WWF samples. Bound hydroxycinnamic acids were the main PC found in WWF, especially the trans-ferulic acid and its isomer. No difference was found in starch and protein contents, whereas low-quality flours showed a higher ash content than the superior and medium-quality flours. Total phenolic content (TPC) ranged between 124.5 and 171.4 mg GAE/100 g WWF, which bound PC were responsible for 60% of TPC. Omics data and multivariate statistical analyses were successfully applied to discern the phenolic profile of WWF from different genotypes and technological qualities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-023-05665-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Ribeiro da Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Bioactives, Food and Nutrition Graduate Program (PPGAN), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center of Innovation in Mass Spectrometry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, UNIRIO, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Millena Cristina Barros Santos
- Laboratory of Bioactives, Food and Nutrition Graduate Program (PPGAN), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center of Innovation in Mass Spectrometry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, UNIRIO, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Thomaz dos Santos D′Almeida
- Laboratory of Bioactives, Food and Nutrition Graduate Program (PPGAN), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center of Innovation in Mass Spectrometry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, UNIRIO, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Cameron
- Center of Innovation in Mass Spectrometry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, UNIRIO, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Gutkoski
- Laboratory of Bioactives, Food and Nutrition Graduate Program (PPGAN), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Simões Larraz Ferreira
- Laboratory of Bioactives, Food and Nutrition Graduate Program (PPGAN), Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, UNIRIO, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Center of Innovation in Mass Spectrometry, Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, UNIRIO, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Yuan LL, Shi BB, Feng T, Huang R, Li ZH, Chen HP, Liu JK. α-Glucosidase inhibitory phenylpropanoid-dihydrochalcone hybrids from the leaves of medicinal plant Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehder. Phytochemistry 2022; 204:113421. [PMID: 36055425 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Eight undescribed phenylpropanoid-dihydrochalcone hybrids, namely (+)- and (-)-malahupin A, (+)- and (-)-malahupin B, (±)-malahupin C, malahupinosides A and B, 7‴-epi-malahupinoside B, together with two known compounds, phloretin and phlorizin, were isolated from the leaves of the folk medicinal plant Malus hupehensis. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic methods, chiral-phase analysis, and ECD calculations. Compounds (+)-malahupin B and malahupinoside B showed weak inhibition activities against the nitric oxide production in liposaccharide-induced murine RAW264.7 macrophages with IC50 values of 36.7 and 27.0 μM, respectively. Compounds (+)- and (-)-malahupin A, (+)- and (-)-malahupin B exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 22.5, 19.1, 19.2, and 17.4 μM, respectively. The postulated biosynthetic pathways to these hybrid compounds were proposed. This work represents the first report of the natural phenylpropanoid-dihydrochalcone hybrid compound, and lays foundation for the study on the bioactive principles of the ethnic hypoglycemic medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bao-Bao Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tao Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zheng-Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - He-Ping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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13
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Wen Y, Rao L, Xu F, Li Y, Luo YX, Gong X, Wu RH, Zhang CR, Gan LS. Six pairs of phenylpropanoid enantiomers from Cinnamomum mollifolium. Phytochemistry 2022; 203:113348. [PMID: 35977600 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Six pairs of undescribed phenylglycerol benzoate enantiomers, (±)-mollifolines A-F, which can also be categorized into three two-pairs of epimers, were isolated from Cinnamomum mollifolium H. W. Li (Lauraceae). The relative configurations (threo or erythro) of the epimers were determined by conformational searching of the lowest energy conformers and analyses of the relationship between the dihedral angle of H-7'─C-7'─C-8'─H-8' and the 3JH-7', H-8' coupling constant according to the Karplus equation. Furthermore, intramolecular hydrogen bonds were proved to play an important role in stabilizing the lowest conformations by using reduced density gradient (RDG) method for noncovalent interactions. Chiral resolutions of these enantiomer pairs were accomplished by immobilized polysaccharide derivative-based chiral HPLC columns. Absolute configurations of the 12 optically pure isomers were finally determined by quantum chemical time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations of their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Rao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xin Luo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Gong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ri-Hui Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Rui Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-She Gan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Vakili N, Esmaeilifallah M, Dinani MS. Isolation and identification of 6-methoxy parillin and coniferin from the bulbs of Allium affine L. Res Pharm Sci 2022; 17:723-727. [PMID: 36704434 PMCID: PMC9872185 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.359438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Phytochemically, Allium species are a rich source of important secondary metabolites especially steroidal saponin and sapogenins, flavonoids, and sulfur compounds. As a member of this genus, Allium affine, which is locally known as "tareh kouhi", is an endemic plant of middle Asian countries. Experimental approach Bulbs of A. affine were collected and air-dried in the shade. The chloroform-methanol (9:1) extract of the sample was subjected to purification by MPLC and HPLC. Structure elucidation of isolated compounds was done using comprehensive spectroscopic methods including 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, and MS. Findings/Results A steroidal saponin structurally related to parillin and a phenylpropanoid glycoside (coniferin) were isolated and identified from the plant chloroform-methanol extract. Conclusion and implication To the best of our knowledge isolation of these potentially medicinal compounds from A. affine was reported for the first time in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Vakili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Mahsa Esmaeilifallah
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Masoud Sadeghi Dinani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran,Corresponding author: M. Sadeghi Dinani Tel: +98-931026719, Fax: +98-3136680011
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15
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Gonzaga BCF, de Moraes NR, Gomes GW, Coutinho AL, Vale FL, E Sousa LJMP, Marreto L, de Castro Rodrigues D, de Azevedo Prata MC, Marchesini P, Lopes WDZ, Monteiro C. Combination of synthetic acaricides with (E)-cinnamaldehyde to control Rhipicephalus microplus. Exp Appl Acarol 2022; 88:191-207. [PMID: 36346558 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work had the objectives to (1) evaluate the susceptibility of various Rhipicephalus microplus populations to commercial acaricides, and (2) select commercial acaricides (50-80% effective) and evaluate the effects of binary combinations of the phenylpropanoid (E)-cinnamaldehyde with selected commercial acaricides to control R. microplus under laboratory and field conditions. Using adult immersion tests with 116 populations and 14 commercial acaricides, products showing 50-80% effectiveness (percent control) with the lowest number of active ingredients were selected. Acaricides containing amitraz or chlorfenvinphos were tested in combination with (E)-cinnamaldehyde on a field population (strain CM). We found that (E)-cinnamaldehyde enhanced the activity of both commercial acaricides against R. microplus larvae; however, the enhancement was more accentuated when using amitraz. Experiments combining (E)-cinnamaldehyde + amitraz on unfed larvae and engorged females from another population (strain Gyn) were performed, verifying (E)-cinnamaldehyde enhanced the activity of amitraz. In the field experiment, the application of (E)-cinnamaldehyde appeared toxic to the tick hosts (cattle). We concluded that (E)-cinnamaldehyde enhanced the activity of amitraz against unfed larvae and engorged females of R. microplus; however, in the field test this phenylpropanoid caused intoxication in the cattle. Studies searching for new combinations of compounds from essential oils with amitraz deserve attention, as well as studies to develop formulations using amitraz + (E)-cinnamaldehyde that will be efficient and will not have toxic effects in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno César Ferreira Gonzaga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235, s/n - Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-050, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
| | - Nélio Roberto de Moraes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Webert Gomes
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia - Goiânia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Ana Lúcia Coutinho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Francisca Letícia Vale
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Lainny Jordana Martins Pereira E Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Laís Marreto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 240, esq. com 5ª avenida - Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-220, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Daniel de Castro Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
- MSD Saúde Animal, Avenida Doutor Chucri Zaidan, 296, 9º Andar, 04583-110, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Paula Marchesini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, R. 235, s/n.º - Setor Leste Universitário, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Caio Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, R. 235, s/n.º - Setor Leste Universitário, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
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Joshi A, Jeena GS, Shikha, Kumar RS, Pandey A, Shukla RK. Ocimum sanctum, OscWRKY1, regulates phenylpropanoid pathway genes and promotes resistance to pathogen infection in Arabidopsis. Plant Mol Biol 2022; 110:235-251. [PMID: 35780285 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE OscWRKY1 from Ocimum sanctum positively regulates phenylpropanoid pathway genes and rosmarinic acid content. OscWRKY1 overexpression promotes resistance against bacterial pathogen in Arabidopsis. WRKY transcription factor (TF) family regulates various developmental and physiological functions in plants. PAL genes encode enzymes which are involved in plant defense responses, but the direct regulation of PAL genes and phenylpropanoid pathway through WRKY TF's is not well characterized. In the present study, we have characterized an OscWRKY1 gene from Ocimum sanctum which shows induced expression by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), and wounding. The recombinant OscWRKY1 protein binds to the DIG-labeled (Digoxigenin) W-box cis-element TTGAC[C/T] and activates the LacZ reporter gene in yeast. Overexpression of OscWRKY1 enhances Arabidopsis resistance towards Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Pst DC3000. Upstream activator sequences of PAL and C4H have been identified to contain the conserved W-box cis-element (TTGACC) in both O. sanctum and Arabidopsis. OscWRKY1 was found to interact with W-box cis-element present in the PAL and C4H promoters. Silencing of OscWRKY1 using VIGS resulted in reduced expression of PAL, C4H, COMT, F5H and 4CL transcripts. OscWRKY1 silenced plants exhibit reduced PAL activity, whereas, the overexpression lines of OscWRKY1 in Arabidopsis exhibit increased PAL activity. Furthermore, the metabolite analysis of OscWRKY1 silenced plants showed reduced rosmarinic acid content. These results revealed that OscWRKY1 positively regulates the phenylpropanoid pathway genes leading to the alteration of rosmarinic acid content and enhances the resistance against bacterial pathogen in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Gajendra Singh Jeena
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Shikha
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Alok Pandey
- Microbial Technology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Shukla
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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17
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Liu L, Chao N, Yidilisi K, Kang X, Cao X. Comprehensive analysis of the MYB transcription factor gene family in Morus alba. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:281. [PMID: 35676625 PMCID: PMC9175366 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The V-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) family of proteins is large, containing functionally diverse transcription factors. However, MYBs in Morus are still poorly annotated and a comprehensive functional analysis of these transcription factors is lacking. RESULTS In the present study, a genome-wide identification of MYBs in Morus alba was performed. In total 166 MaMYBs were identified, including 103 R2R3-MYBs and four 3R-MaMYBs. Comprehensive analyses, including the phylogenetic analysis with putative functional annotation, motif and structure analysis, gene structure organization, promoter analysis, chromosomal localization, and syntenic relationships of R2R3-MaMYBs and 3R-MaMYBs, provided primary characterization for these MaMYBs. R2R3-MaMYBs covered the subgroups reported for R2R3-MYBs in Arabidopsis and Populus, and had two Morus-specific subgroups, indicating the high retention of MYBs in Morus. Motif analysis revealed high conservative residues at the start and end of each helix and residues consisting of the third helix in R2 and R3 repeats. Thirteen intron/exon patterns (a-m) were summarized, and the intron/exon pattern of two introns with phase numbers of 0 and 2 was the prevalent pattern for R2R3-MaMYBs. Various cis-elements in promoter regions were identified, and were mainly related to light response, development, phytohormone response, and abiotic and biotic stress response and secondary metabolite production. Expression patterns of R2R3-MaMYBs in different organs showed that MaMYBs involved in secondary cell wall components and stress responsiveness were preferentially expressed in roots or stems. R2R3-MaMYBs involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and anthocyanin accumulation were identified and characterized based on functional annotation and correlation of their expression levels with anthocyanin contents. CONCLUSION Based on a comprehensive analysis, this work provided functional annotation for R2R3-MYBs and an informative reference for further functional dissection of MYBs in Morus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Nan Chao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keermula Yidilisi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoru Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212018, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Chen H, Zhang Q, Lv W, Yu X, Zhang Z. Ethylene positively regulates Cd tolerance via reactive oxygen species scavenging and apoplastic transport barrier formation in rice. Environ Pollut 2022; 302:119063. [PMID: 35248615 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene regulates plant root growth and resistance to environment stress. However, the role and mechanism of ethylene signaling in response to Cd stress in rice remains unclear. Here, we revealed that ethylene signaling plays a positive role in the resistance of rice to Cd toxicity. Blocking the ethylene signal facilitated root elongation under normal conditions, but resulted in severe oxidative damage and inhibition of root growth under Cd stress. Conversely, ethylene signal enhancement by EIN2 overexpression caused root bending, similar to the response of roots to Cd stress, and displayed higher Cd tolerance than the wildtype (WT) plants. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicated EIN2-mediated upregulation of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and peroxidase activity under Cd stress. The synthesis of phenolic acids and flavonoids were positively regulated by ethylene. Thus, the ein2 (ethylene insensitive 2) mutants displayed lower ROS scavenging capacity than the WT. Moreover, a significant increase in Cd accumulation and relatively increased apoplastic flow were observed in the root apex of the ein2 mutant compared with the WT plants. Overall, EIN2-mediated Cd resistance in rice is mediated by the upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis and peroxidase activity to induce ROS scavenging, and apoplastic transport barrier formation reduces Cd uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Lv
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyi Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, China.
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19
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Lee BH, Choi HS, Hong J. Roles of anti- and pro-oxidant potential of cinnamic acid and phenylpropanoid derivatives in modulating growth of cultured cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:463-473. [PMID: 35464248 PMCID: PMC8994811 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamic acid (CiA) and phenylpropanoid derivatives are widely distributed in plant foods. In this study, anti- and pro-oxidant properties of the derivatives and their roles in modulating cell growth were investigated. Ferulic acid, sinapinic acid, caffeic acid (CaA), and 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid (DHC) showed strong radical scavenging activities. They, except DHC, also performed considerable inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation and reduced levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). CaA and DHC, however, produced substantial amount of H2O2 with oxidative degradation in culture conditions. CaA and DHC (> 400 μM) showed potent cytotoxic effects which were abolished by superoxide dismutase/catalase; they significantly enhanced cell growth ROS-dependently at low levels (~ 100 μM). CiA derivatives without bearing hydroxyl group did not show any appreciable antioxidant activities. The results indicate that CiA derivatives with ortho-dihydroxyl group had strong anti- and pro-oxidant properties, which also play an important role in modulating cell growth. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01042-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hyun Lee
- grid.412487.c0000 0004 0533 3082Division of Applied Food System, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangno, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01797 Korea ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103 USA
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- grid.263136.30000 0004 0533 2389Department of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016 Korea
| | - Jungil Hong
- grid.412487.c0000 0004 0533 3082Division of Applied Food System, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women’s University, 621 Hwarangno, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01797 Korea
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20
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Lopes AA, Souza GRS, de Castro França S, Lourenço MV. Biosynthetic studies through feeding experiments in Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. hairy roots. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 2022; 151:215-219. [PMID: 35875188 PMCID: PMC9288585 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-022-02342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. is a medicinal plant of the Asteraceae family, and several extracts and isolated compounds of E. prostrata (L.) L. showed a wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, hair growth promoting activities, and more recently against covid-19. Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. hairy roots produce wedelolactone (WL), demethylwedelolactone (DWL) and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-diCQA), and there is no data in literature regarding biosynthetic pathways are involved. To verify the biosynthetic route, feeding experiments were carried out using sodium [2-13C]acetate, [3-13C]dl-phenylalanine, and 13C-labeled compounds (WL, DWL and 3,5-diCQA) were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS). Analysis showed that the metabolic pathways operative of coumestans (WL and DWL) are derived from acetate and shikimate pathways, while that the phenylpropanoid (3,5-diCQA) biosynthesis is exclusively from shikimate pathway. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11240-022-02342-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A. Lopes
- Biotechnology Unit, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Giuliana R. S. Souza
- Biotechnology Unit, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | | | - Miriam V. Lourenço
- Biotechnology Unit, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP), Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
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21
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Sathiyabama M, Indhumathi M. Chitosan thiamine nanoparticles intervene innate immunomodulation during Chickpea-Fusarium interaction. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 198:11-17. [PMID: 34963622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the effect of chitosan thiamine nanoparticles (TCNP) on the activation of defence responses in chickpea against stress caused by wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (FOC), under greenhouse condition. A significant increase in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants was observed in the TCNP treated chickpea plants challenged with FOC compared to the untreated control. Histochemical staining showed high deposition of lignin in the vascular bundles of chickpea stem tissues in TCNP treated plants challenged with FOC. More than 90% protection against wilt pathogen was observed in TCNP treated chickpea plants challenged with FOC, under greenhouse condition. Higher accumulation of antioxidants and phenylpropanoids in TCNP treated challenged chickpea plants well correlates with resistance against wilt pathogen. These results suggest that the elicitation of stress response in TCNP treated chickpea during FOC interaction play a vital role in suppressing the wilt disease in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sathiyabama
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Indhumathi
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Dare AP, Günther CS, Grey AC, Guo G, Demarais NJ, Cordiner S, McGhie TK, Boldingh H, Hunt M, Deng C, Karppinen K, Jaakola L, Espley RV. Resolving the developmental distribution patterns of polyphenols and related primary metabolites in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) fruit. Food Chem 2021; 374:131703. [PMID: 34902814 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is a commercially important wild berry species, which accumulates high amounts of polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, in the skin and flesh. Whilst a number of studies have quantified these phytochemicals in intact ripe bilberry fruit, we extend the current knowledge by investigating the spatial distribution of anthocyanin-associated polyphenols in fruit tissue, and study their links with primary metabolism during ripening. To address this, we used LC-MS and mass spectrometry imaging to measure and map primary and secondary metabolites in fruit. Correlation analysis showed that five sugars displayed strong positive correlations with anthocyanin accumulation, whereas all amino acids were negatively correlated. The accumulation patterns of polyphenols correlated in fruit skin and flesh, but altered with development. Finally, spatial segmentation analysis revealed that the chemical signatures of ripening first appear at defined regions under the skin and rapidly expand to encompass the entire fruit at the eating-ripe stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Dare
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Catrin S Günther
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Angus C Grey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023 New Zealand
| | - George Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland 1023 New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Demarais
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Cordiner
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Tony K McGhie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Helen Boldingh
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Ruakura Campus, Bisley Rd, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Martin Hunt
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, 4474 Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Deng
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway; NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, 120 Mt Albert Road, 1025 Auckland, New Zealand
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23
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Marchesini P, Lemos ASDO, Bitencourt RDOB, Fiorotti J, Angelo IDC, Fabri RL, Costa-Júnior LM, Lopes WDZ, Bittencourt VREP, Monteiro C. Assessment of lipid profile in fat body and eggs of Rhipicephalus microplus engorged females exposed to (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol, potential acaricide compounds. Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109596. [PMID: 34695723 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the lipid profile from the fat body and eggs of Rhipicephalus microplus was evaluated after exposure of engorged females to (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol, substances which have acaricide potential according to the literature. Engorged females collected from artificially infested cattle were immersed in a concentration of 10.0 mg/mL of each substance. Dissection of the female fat bodies was performed at different times (72 h and 120 h), for subsequent lipid extraction. In addition, on the fifth day of oviposition, were collected 50.0 ml50.0 mL aliquots of the egg mass of each treatment to perform the same lipid extraction procedure. To assess the lipid profiles, the samples were submitted to the thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Furthermore, an in silico analysis was performed using PASS online® software to predict the possible molecular targets of (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol. As result, the main lipids identified from the fat body were triacylglycerides, fatty acids, and cholesterol, whereas, triacylglycerides (TAG), fatty acids (FA), and cholesterol (CHO) and cholesterol esters (CHOE), were identified in the eggs. The results also showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) of CHO in the fat body in the group exposed to (E)-cinnamaldehyde at 72 h (0.12 μg/fat body) and 120 h (0.46 μg/fat body), in the eggs from females treated with this same substance, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the amount of CHO (0.21 μg), compared to the water control group (0.45 μg). In the GCMS technique, 5 chemical classes were found, and variations were observed between these substances, mainly hydrocarbons and steroids, in the different groups, and (E)-cinnamaldehyde promoted the greatest changes. From the predictions of the in silico study, 38 and 20 targets were selected, respectively, which are mainly related to alterations in lipid metabolism, immune system and nervous system. This study provides the first report of changes in lipid metabolism of R. microplus exposed to (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol, as well as presenting possible activity on the molecular targets of these substances, expanding knowledge for the potential use of these compounds in the development of botanical acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Marchesini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Ari Sérgio de Oliveira Lemos
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais Bioativos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s / n, Bairro Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Fiorotti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Luiz Fabri
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais Bioativos, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s / n, Bairro Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-330, Brazil
| | - Lívio Martins Costa-Júnior
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zaneti Lopes
- Departamento de Biociências do Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Caio Monteiro
- Departamento de Biociências do Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil
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Hassing EJ, Buijs J, Blankerts N, Luttik MA, Hulster EA, Pronk JT, Daran JM. Elimination of aromatic fusel alcohols as by-products of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains engineered for phenylpropanoid production by 2-oxo-acid decarboxylase replacement. Metab Eng Commun 2021; 13:e00183. [PMID: 34584841 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2021.e00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are intensively studied as production platforms for aromatic compounds such as hydroxycinnamic acids, stilbenoids and flavonoids. Heterologous pathways for production of these compounds use l-phenylalanine and/or l-tyrosine, generated by the yeast shikimate pathway, as aromatic precursors. The Ehrlich pathway converts these precursors to aromatic fusel alcohols and acids, which are undesirable by-products of yeast strains engineered for production of high-value aromatic compounds. Activity of the Ehrlich pathway requires any of four S. cerevisiae 2-oxo-acid decarboxylases (2-OADCs): Aro10 or the pyruvate-decarboxylase isoenzymes Pdc1, Pdc5, and Pdc6. Elimination of pyruvate-decarboxylase activity from S. cerevisiae is not straightforward as it plays a key role in cytosolic acetyl-CoA biosynthesis during growth on glucose. In a search for pyruvate decarboxylases that do not decarboxylate aromatic 2-oxo acids, eleven yeast and bacterial 2-OADC-encoding genes were investigated. Homologs from Kluyveromyces lactis (KlPDC1), Kluyveromyces marxianus (KmPDC1), Yarrowia lipolytica (YlPDC1), Zymomonas mobilis (Zmpdc1) and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Gdpdc1.2 and Gdpdc1.3) complemented a Pdc− strain of S. cerevisiae for growth on glucose. Enzyme-activity assays in cell extracts showed that these genes encoded active pyruvate decarboxylases with different substrate specificities. In these in vitro assays, ZmPdc1, GdPdc1.2 or GdPdc1.3 had no substrate specificity towards phenylpyruvate. Replacing Aro10 and Pdc1,5,6 by these bacterial decarboxylases completely eliminated aromatic fusel-alcohol production in glucose-grown batch cultures of an engineered coumaric acid-producing S. cerevisiae strain. These results outline a strategy to prevent formation of an important class of by-products in ‘chassis’ yeast strains for production of non-native aromatic compounds. Identification of pyruvate decarboxylases active with pyruvate but not with aromatic 2-oxo acids. Zymomonas mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase can replace the native yeast enzymes. Expression of Z. mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase removes formation of fusel alcohols. Elimination of fusel alcohol by products improves formation of coumaric acid. Decarboxylase swapping is a beneficial strategy for production of non-native aromatics.
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Vale L, de Paula LGF, Vieira MS, Alves SDGA, Junior NRDM, Gomes MDF, Teixeira WFP, Rizzo PV, Freitas FMC, Ferreira LL, Lopes WDZ, Monteiro C. Binary combinations of thymol, carvacrol and eugenol for Amblyomma sculptum control: Evaluation of in vitro synergism and effectiveness under semi-field conditions. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101816. [PMID: 34555713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the in vitro acaricidal effect of thymol, carvacrol and eugenol (binary combinations) and their synergistic effect on unfed larvae and nymphs of Amblyomma sculptum, estimate the cost to prepare a formulation with these compounds, and evaluate the formulations under semi-field conditions against A. sculptum larvae. To evaluate the acaricidal effect of the compounds alone or their binary combinations (1:1 ratio) the larval packet test was performed using six concentrations (0.3125 to 10.0 mg/mL) for larvae and seven concentrations (2.5 to 20.0 mg/mL) for nymphs. The cost to produce 1 L of thymol, carvacrol and eugenol solutions, combined or alone, was estimated. In the semi-field test, formulations were sprayed on Panicum maximum plots experimentally infested with unfed A. sculptum larvae. In the in vitro tests with larvae, a synergistic effect (synergism and moderate synergism) was observed for thymol + eugenol at all concentrations tested, while thymol + carvacrol and eugenol + carvacrol showed a synergistic effect at the concentration of 5.0 mg/mL. In the in vitro tests with nymphs, thymol + eugenol, thymol + carvacrol and carvacrol + eugenol showed a synergistic effect (synergism and moderate synergism) at a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL and higher. Combining the compounds reduced the concentrations required to obtain mortality rate above 95%, resulting in lower costs. Under semi-field conditions, the treatments with thymol + eugenol and carvacrol + eugenol showed efficacies of 63.2% and 42.6%, respectively. We conclude that, depending on the concentrations, the binary combinations of thymol, carvacrol and eugenol have a synergistic acaricidal effect on unfed A. sculptum larvae and nymphs, and under semi-field conditions the associations between thymol + eugenol and carvacrol + eugenol were effective against A. sculptum larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Vale
- Post-graduate program in Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás (UFG). Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74.690-900 Brazil
| | - Luiza Gabriella Ferreira de Paula
- Post-graduate program in Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás (UFG). Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74.690-900 Brazil
| | - Mirna Secchis Vieira
- Post-graduate program in Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás (UFG). Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74.690-900 Brazil
| | - Susy das Graças Alecrim Alves
- Graduation in veterinary medicine in Federal University of Goiás (UFG). Avenida Esperança- s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74690-900 Brazil
| | - Nélio Roberto de Moraes Junior
- Post-graduate program in Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás (UFG). Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74.690-900 Brazil
| | - Marcos Daniel Filgueiras Gomes
- Post-graduate program in Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás (UFG). Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74.690-900 Brazil
| | - Weslen Fabrício Pires Teixeira
- Post-graduate program in Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás (UFG). Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74.690-900 Brazil
| | - Pricila Vetrano Rizzo
- Núcleo de Apoio à Transferência de Tecnologia da Embrapa Gado de Leite no Centro-Oeste - Embrapa Arroz e Feijão - Rodovia GO 462, Km 12, Zona Rural - Santo Antônio de Goiás - GO - CEP: 75.375-000
| | - Fernanda Mara Cunha Freitas
- Núcleo de Apoio à Transferência de Tecnologia da Embrapa Gado de Leite no Centro-Oeste - Embrapa Arroz e Feijão - Rodovia GO 462, Km 12, Zona Rural - Santo Antônio de Goiás - GO - CEP: 75.375-000
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Post-graduate program in Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás (UFG). Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74.690-900 Brazil; Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás (UFG). Rua 235, s/n, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605-050 Brazil
| | - Caio Monteiro
- Post-graduate program in Animal Science, Federal University of Goiás (UFG). Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, 74.690-900 Brazil; Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás (UFG). Rua 235, s/n, Setor Universitário, Goiânia, Goiás, 74605-050 Brazil.
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Li X, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Li B, Cai L, Pang X. Omics analyses indicate the routes of lignin related metabolites regulated by trypsin during storage of pitaya (Hylocereus undatus). Genomics 2021; 113:3681-3695. [PMID: 34509619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The storage quality of Hylocereus undatus was significantly improved by trypsin, a novel preservative. The transcriptomic results revealed that antioxidant signal pathways were induced, while lignin catabolic process was impeded by trypsin. In addition, the results of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network networks suggested that flavone 3'-O-methyltransferase 1 (OMT1), ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase 1 (CYP84A1), cellulose synthase isomer (CEV1), and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase 3 (4CL3) act as hubs of peroxidases, lignin related proteins, and proteins involved in the phenylpropanoid metabolism (PLPs) induced by trypsin. Trypsin also regulated the biosynthesis of lignin, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids. Caffeic acid might be the hub in the metabolic network of the early pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. It has been hypothesized that trypsin might quickly induce lignin biosynthesis and then up-regulated bioactive metabolites to enhance storage quality of H. undatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Luoyang 471023, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Food Processing and Safety Education, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yinyin Zhang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Shoujing Zhao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Bairu Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Luning Cai
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xinyue Pang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
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He J, Yang L. Diuretic effect of Lagopsis supina fraction in saline-loaded rats is mediated through inhibition of aquaporin and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems and up-regulation of atriopeptin. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111554. [PMID: 33845373 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lagopsis supina (Steph. ex Willd.) lk. -Gal. ex Knorr. has been used as a diuretic agent in China for centuries with limited scientific evidence. This study investigated the diuretic efficacy and underlying mechanism of a macroporous adsorption resin with 30% ethanol elution fraction from L. supina (LSC) in saline-loaded rats and to identify its phytochemicals by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS/MS). As a result, 18 phenylpropanoids, 14 flavonoids and 15 others were identified in LSC, among which stachysoside A and acteoside could be the main bio-active constituents responsible for the diuretic effect. In parallel, the daily administration of LSC (16, 32 and 64 mg/kg) markedly promoted urinary excretion after 2 h of treatment. Moreover, LSC had no effect on urinary Na+ and K+ concentrations, as well as on serum Na+-K+-ATPase activity. Meanwhile, LSC significantly decreased the serum levels of angiotensin II (Ang II), anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), aldosterone (ALD), aquaporin (AQP) 1, AQP2 and AQP3, suppressed renal AQP1, AQP2, and AQP3 mRNA expressions, down-regulated AQP1, AQP2 and AQP3 protein levels, and up-regulated serum atriopeptin (ANP) level in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that LSC has acute and prolonged diuretic effects by inhibiting the AQPs, RAAS, and upregulation of atriopeptin in saline-loaded rats, and this finding support LSC as a novel diuretic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei He
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Li Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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Monteiro C, Ferreira LL, de Paula LGF, de Oliveira Filho JG, de Oliveira Silva F, Muniz ER, Menezes KMF, de Camargo FR, de Oliveira Nonato R, Martins DB, Marreto RN, Borges LMF. Thymol and eugenol microemulsion for Rhiphicephalus sanguineus sensu lato control: Formulation development, field efficacy, and safety on dogs. Vet Parasitol 2021; 296:109501. [PMID: 34147769 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop a microemulsion formulation containing thymol and eugenol for field control of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato on dogs, as well to evaluate its safety and the physical characteristics of the formulation. The microemulsion using thymol and eugenol (5.0 + 5.0 mg/mL) had as vehicles water, propylene glycol, polysorbate 80 and canola oil. On the next day the preparation (formulation freshly prepared) and after 24 months, the size of the microemulsion droplets, polydispersion index (PdI), organoleptic properties (color, viscosity), and presence of precipitate in the microemulsion were evaluated. For the field assay, on day -1, 10 English Cocker Spaniel dogs were experimentally infested with 200 larvae, 100 nymphs and 30 adults of R. sanguineus s.l. On day 0, after tick counts, the animals were divided into two groups: treated with the freshly prepared microemulsion (10 mL/kg), and control, which received the vehicle (10 mL/kg). Tick counts on dogs were performed daily for three more days. Engorged females were recovered from the dogs and their biological and reproductive parameters were monitored. The dogs' clinical parameters (temperature, mucosa color, and general physical condition) were evaluated daily. In addition, blood samples were collected before infestation to verify hematological (packed cell volume) and biochemical parameters (total serum protein, albumin, globulins, creatinine, urea, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase). Freshly prepared and 24-month aged microemulsions had droplets with mean sizes of 30.94 nm and 27.93 nm, and PdI values of 0.214 and 0.161, respectively. In addition, no difference in the organoleptic properties and no precipitation formation were observed, indicating physical stability. Treatment with the microemulsion resulted in reduction of larvae (p < 0.05) parasitizing the dogs on day 1 while the number of nymphs and adults was not reduced (P> 0.05). In the evaluation of the reproductive biology of engorged females, the larval hatchability (%) was compromised (p < 0.05), and the microemulsion had control rate of 85.5 %. The microemulsion and its vehicles did not change the clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters of the dogs. We concluded that the microemulsion was efficient against R. sanguineus s.l. by reducing the number of larvae and affecting the reproductive parameters of engorged females, safe for dogs, and stable (physical stability) during a two-year interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Monteiro
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 235, s/n, Setor Universitário, Campus Colemar e Silva, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74605-050, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil.
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP: 31.270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiza Gabriella Ferreira de Paula
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Jaires Gomes de Oliveira Filho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Oliveira Silva
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Elen Regozino Muniz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Karolina Martins Ferreira Menezes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Rômulo de Camargo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Rhayssa de Oliveira Nonato
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 240, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Campus Colemar e Silva, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Danieli Brolo Martins
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil; Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Neves Marreto
- Graduada em Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 240, s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Campus Colemar e Silva, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74605-170, Brazil
| | - Lígia Miranda Ferreira Borges
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rua 235, s/n, Setor Universitário, Campus Colemar e Silva, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74605-050, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
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Dong Y, Feldberg L, Rogachev I, Aharoni A. Characterization of the PRODUCTION of ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT 1 Arabidopsis dominant mutant using DLEMMA dual isotope labeling approach. Phytochemistry 2021; 186:112740. [PMID: 33770716 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope labeling has emerged as a valuable tool for metabolite identification and quantification. In this study, we employed DLEMMA, a dual stable isotope labeling approach to identify and track phenylpropanoid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Three forms of phenylalanine (Phe), including unlabeled, Phe13C6 and Phe13C62H5, were used as feeding precursors. The unique isotopic pattern obtained from MS spectra significantly simplified data processing and facilitated global mining of Phe-derived metabolites. Following this approach, we have identified 35 phenylalanine-derived metabolites with high confidence. We next compared phenylpropanoids contents between leaves of wild type (WT) and the dominant PRODUCTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT 1 (pap1-D) Arabidopsis thaliana mutant using a combined sample matrices and label-swap approach. This approach was designed to correct any unequal matrix effects between the two divergent samples, and any possible uneven label incorporation efficiency between the two differently labeled Phe precursors. Thirty of the 35 identified metabolites were found differential between WT and pap1-D leaves. Our results shown that the ectopic PAP1 expression led to significant accumulation of cyanidin-type anthocyanins, quercetin-type flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids and their glycosylated derivatives. While levels of kaempferol glycosides and a hydroxycinnamic acid amide were reduced in the pap1-D leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Dong
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Liron Feldberg
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Ilana Rogachev
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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Baba M, Ito M. Cloning of the cytochrome P450 enzyme from Perilla frutescens involved in nothoapiole biosynthesis. J Nat Med 2021; 75:577-589. [PMID: 33779945 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoid volatile components are found in various plants and are useful in medicines, health foods, and fragrances. While the pharmacological actions and toxicities of these compounds have been investigated, there are few reports of the cloning of genes that encode biosynthetic enzymes involved in substituent formation at diverse positions and numbers. Previously, using the expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries of pure perilla strains that have been maintained for over 30 years for their oil type, we characterized the P450 enzyme that produces an intermediate for dillapiole by adding a hydroxy group to myristicin. In this study, we selected a P450 enzyme involved in nothoapiole biosynthesis from the EST library. Heterologous expression of this enzyme in yeast showed that it is a hydroxylase that synthesizes an intermediate to produce nothoapiole from apiole and dillapiole. The enzyme has high amino acid sequence similarity with a previously cloned enzyme and is categorized into the CYP71D subfamily. Furthermore, we investigated the presence or absence of essential oil components and intermediates believed to be involved in nothoapiole biosynthesis by component analysis of perilla essential oil using GC-MS to help elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of nothoapiole. Only a small number of plant species contain nothoapiole as their principal component and thus few studies have reported the biosynthetic genes involved or the drug efficacy and toxicity of nothoapiole. The present study will aid in understanding the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid volatile compounds, thereby contributing to further research on potentially useful compounds such as nothoapiole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Baba
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Michiho Ito
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshidashimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Yeo HJ, Park CH, Park YE, Hyeon H, Kim JK, Lee SY, Park SU. Metabolic profiling and antioxidant activity during flower development in Agastache rugosa. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:445-455. [PMID: 33854275 PMCID: PMC7981361 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Our previous study showed that flowers of Agastache rugosa had higher phenolic levels and higher antibacterial and antioxidant capacity compared to those of the leaves and stems. The aim of this study was to provide information on the variation in primary and secondary metabolites during flower development in A. rugosa by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and assays of total anthocyanin (TAC), flavonoid (TFC), and phenolic content (TPC), as well as gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOFMS) analysis. Assays of TPC, TAC, and TFC showed that the floral bud (stage I) contained higher TPC than did the partially open flower (stage II) and fully open flower (stage III). However, the TFC was the highest at stage II, and the highest TAC was observed at stage III. Furthermore, HPLC analysis revealed that the level of total phenylpropanoids, including rosmarinic acid, tilianin, acacetin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, rutin, (-)-epicatechin, quercetin, and kaempferol, was higher in stages I and II, but the concentrations of rutin and rosmarinic acid were highest in stage III. A total of 43 compounds, including amino acids, organic acids, phenolic compounds, sugars, photorespiration-related compounds, and intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were identified through GC-TOFMS analysis. Of these compounds, most amino acids decreased during flower development. In contrast, the increase in concentrations of glucose and sucrose were observed from stages I to III. In this study, health-beneficial compounds were identified and quantified in flowers of A. rugosa. Accordingly, our results suggests that A. rugosa flowers can potentially be used as biomaterials for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and related industries. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s12298-021-00945-z).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Ye Eun Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Hyejin Hyeon
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Marine Bio Research Center, Chosun University, 61-220 Myeongsasimni, Sinji-myeon, Wando-gun, 59146 Jeollanamdo Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
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Qi SZ, Liu T, Wang M, Zhang XX, Yang YR, Jing WH, Long LP, Song KR, Jin Y, Gao HY. New phenylpropanoid-conjugated pentacyclic triterpenoids from the whole plants of Leptopus lolonum with their antiproliferative activities on cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104628. [PMID: 33461038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Most of Euphorbiaceae plants are considered as folk medicinal plants because of their various pharmacological effects. However, there are eight Leptopus genus plants which belong to Euphorbiaceae have never be investigated. Thus, four Leptopus genus plants were collected to study their chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. In the present work, the cytotoxicities of the extracts of four Leptopus genus plants were evaluated before phytochemical experiments. And nine new phenylpropanoid-conjugated pentacyclic triterpenoids, along with twenty-two known compounds were isolated from the whole plants of Leptopus lolonum. The structures of these new compounds were unequivocally elucidated by HRESIMS and 1D/2D NMR data. All triterpenoids were screened for their cytotoxicities against four cancer cell lines including HepG2, MCF-7, A549 and HeLa. Among these isolates, the triterpenoid with a phenylpropanoid unit showed increasing cytotoxicity on cancer cells, which suggested the importance of the phenylpropanoid moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhou Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ren Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hua Jing
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Long
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Ru Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Kong Q, Mostafa HHA, Yang W, Wang J, Nuerawuti M, Wang Y, Song J, Zhang X, Ma L, Wang H, Li X. Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals that brassinosteroid-mediated lignification plays an important role in garlic adaption to salt stress. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 158:34-42. [PMID: 33296844 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an economically important vegetable crop which is used worldwide for culinary and medicinal purposes. Soil salinity constrains the yield components of garlic. Understanding the responsive mechanism of garlic to salinity is crucial to improve its tolerance. To address this problem, two garlic cultivars differing in salt tolerance were used to investigate the long-term adaptive responses to salt stress at phenotype and transcriptome levels. Phenotypic analysis showed four-week salt stress significantly decreased the yield components of salt-sensitive cultivar. Transcriptomes of garlics were de novo assembled and mined for transcriptional activities regulated by salt stress. The results showed that photosynthesis, energy allocation, and secondary metabolism were commonly enriched in both sensitive and tolerant genotypes. Moreover, distinct responsive patterns were also observed between the two genotypes. Compared with the salt-tolerant genotype, most transcripts encoding enzymes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway were coordinately down regulated in the salt-sensitive genotype, resulting in alternation of the content and composition of lignin. Meanwhile, transcripts encoding the enzymes in the brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis pathway were also systematically down regulated in the salt-sensitive genotypes. Taken together, these results suggested that BR-mediated lignin accumulation possibly plays an important role in garlic adaption to salt stress. These findings expand the understanding of responsive mechanism of garlic to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusheng Kong
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hassan H A Mostafa
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China; Central Laboratory of Organic Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jinglei Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Maierdan Nuerawuti
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Longchuan Ma
- Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Garlic, Jining, 272200, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xixiang Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Sonntag CK, Flachbart LK, Maass C, Vogt M, Marienhagen J. A unified design allows fine-tuning of biosensor parameters and application across bacterial species. Metab Eng Commun 2020; 11:e00150. [PMID: 33145168 PMCID: PMC7593625 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, transcriptional biosensors have become valuable tools in metabolic engineering as they allow semiquantitative determination of metabolites in single cells. Although being perfectly suitable tools for high-throughput screenings, application of transcriptional biosensors is often limited by the intrinsic characteristics of the individual sensor components and their interplay. In addition, biosensors often fail to work properly in heterologous host systems due to signal saturation at low intracellular metabolite concentrations, which typically limits their use in high-level producer strains at advanced engineering stages. We here introduce a biosensor design, which allows fine-tuning of important sensor parameters and restores the sensor response in a heterologous expression host. As a key feature of our design, the regulator activity is controlled through the expression level of the respective gene by different (synthetic) constitutive promoters selected for the used expression host. In this context, we constructed biosensors responding to basic amino acids or ring-hydroxylated phenylpropanoids for applications in Corynebacterium glutamicum and Escherichia coli. Detailed characterization of these biosensors in liquid cultures and during single-cell analysis using flow cytometry showed that the presented sensor design enables customization of important biosensor parameters as well as application of these sensors in relevant heterologous hosts. Development of a unified biosensor design for C. glutamicum and E. coli. Gradual expression of the regulator gene allows for biosensor fine-tuning. Biosensor response in a heterologous host can be restored. Biosensor characterization on the single-cell level prior to FACS is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lion Konstantin Flachbart
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Celine Maass
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Michael Vogt
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jan Marienhagen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-1: Biotechnology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
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Liu Y, Liu J, Wang R, Sun H, Li M, Strappe P, Zhou Z. Analysis of secondary metabolites induced by yellowing process for understanding rice yellowing mechanism. Food Chem 2021; 342:128204. [PMID: 33097330 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study applied wide-targeted metabolomics based approach using LC-ESI-MS/MS to characterize the secondary metabolic difference between yellowed and normal rice. The results indicated that the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites including flavonoids, flavonols and phenolic acids was significantly enhanced during the rice yellowing process, which appears to be highly managed by phenylpropanoid metabolism and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Furthermore, rice yellowing led to an increased color parameter b* value, and a number of increased secondary metabolites in the yellowed rice such as homoeriodictyol, naringenin chalcone, 4,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone contributed to the yellow color. These may have application as potential biomarkers for characterizing rice yellowing.
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Ali IAA, Cheung BPK, Matinlinna J, Lévesque CM, Neelakantan P. Trans-cinnamaldehyde potently kills Enterococcus faecalis biofilm cells and prevents biofilm recovery. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104482. [PMID: 32920147 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a biofilm-forming, nosocomial pathogen that is frequently isolated from failed root canal treatments. Contemporary root canal disinfectants are ineffective in eliminating these biofilms and preventing reinfection. As a result, there is a pressing need to identify novel and safe antibiofilm molecules. The effect of short-term (5 and 15 min) and long-term (24 h) treatments of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) on the viability of E. faecalis biofilms was compared with currently used root canal disinfectants. Treatment for 15 min with TC reduced biofilm metabolic activity as effective as 1% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine. Treatment with TC for 24 h was significantly more effective than 2% chlorhexidine in reducing the viable cell counts of biofilms. This serendipitous effect of TC was sustained for 10 days under growth-favoring conditions. For the first time, our study highlights the strong antibacterial activity of TC against E. faecalis biofilms, and notably, its ability to prevent biofilm recovery after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam A A Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Becky P K Cheung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - JukkaP Matinlinna
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Li Q, Zhang L, Pan F, Guo W, Chen B, Yang H, Wang G, Li X. Transcriptomic analysis reveals ethylene signal transduction genes involved in pistil development of pumpkin. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9677. [PMID: 32879792 PMCID: PMC7442037 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of female flowers is an important process that directly affects the yield of Cucubits. Little information is available on the sex determination and development of female flowers in pumpkin, a typical monoecious plant. In the present study, we used aborted and normal pistils of pumpkin for RNA-Seq analysis and determined the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to gain insights into the molecular mechanism underlying pistil development in pumpkin. A total of 3,817 DEGs were identified, among which 1,341 were upregulated and 2,476 were downregulated. The results of transcriptome analysis were confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. Eighty-four DEGs were enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, which accounted for 12.54% of the significant DEGs, and most of them were annotated as predicted ethylene responsive or insensitive transcription factor genes. Furthermore, the expression levels of four ethylene signal transduction genes in different flower structures (female calyx, pistil, male calyx, stamen, leaf, and ovary) were investigated. The ethyleneresponsive DNA binding factor, ERDBF3, and ethylene responsive transcription factor, ERTF10, showed the highest expression in pistils and the lowest expression in stamens, and their expression levels were 78- and 162-times more than that in stamens, respectively. These results suggest that plant hormone signal transduction genes, especially ethylene signal transduction genes, play an important role in the development of pistils in pumpkin. Our study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding of the mechanism of regulation of ethylene signal transduction genes in pistil development and sex determination in pumpkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xin Xiang, China.,Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xin Xiang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xin Xiang, China.,Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xin Xiang, China
| | - Feifei Pan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xin Xiang, China.,Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xin Xiang, China
| | - Weili Guo
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xin Xiang, China.,Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xin Xiang, China
| | - Bihua Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xin Xiang, China.,Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xin Xiang, China
| | - Helian Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xin Xiang, China.,Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xin Xiang, China
| | - Guangyin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xin Xiang, China.,Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xin Xiang, China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xin Xiang, China.,Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Xin Xiang, China
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Marchesini P, Novato TP, Cardoso SJ, de Azevedo Prata MC, do Nascimento RM, Klafke G, Costa-Júnior LM, Maturano R, Lopes WDZ, Bittencourt VREP, Monteiro C. Acaricidal activity of (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol on populations of Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) with different resistance profiles. Vet Parasitol 2020; 286:109226. [PMID: 32979684 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the acaricidal activity of (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol on populations of Rhipicephalus microplus with different resistance profiles. The adult immersion test (AIT) was used to characterize the susceptibility of tick populations (50 field populations) to synthetic acaricides: deltamethrin, amitraz, and chlorfenvinphos. The larval packet test (LPT) was used to determine the LC50 values for (E)-cinnamaldehyde (populations 1-25) and α-bisabolol (populations 26-50) at the concentrations of 0.31, 0.62, 1.25, 2.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/mL. The susceptible strain Porto Alegre (POA) was used as a reference for calculating the resistance ratio (RR). In the AIT, deltamethrin did not show efficacy >95 % for any of the populations, whereas amitraz and chlorfenvinphos have presented efficacy >95 % for three (6 %) and 15 (30 %) populations, respectively. In the LPT, the LC50 values of (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol varied from 0.23 to 2.36 mg/mL and 1.57-3.01 mg/mL, respectively. The RR50 for (E)-cinnamaldehyde showed 20 (80 %) populations with values <1.0 and no population with values>1.5. As for α-bisabolol, only two (8%) populations have presented RR50 <1.0, whereas three (12 %) populations showed incipient resistance to this sesquiterpene (RR50 between 1.5 and 2.0). The results indicate that all studied tick populations showed low susceptibility to at least one of the commercial acaricides tested. In addition, comparison between the LC50 values of (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol for the field populations and the susceptible strain POA suggests that there is no cross-resistance of (E)-cinnamaldehyde and α-bisabolol for the tick populations evaluated, and that the differences in the LC50 values are due to population variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Marchesini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do, Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7 - Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane Pinheiro Novato
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do, Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7 - Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Simone Jaqueline Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Rafael Moreira do Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Comportamento e Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Juiz de For a, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Klafke
- Centro de Pesquisa em Saúde Animal (IPVDF), Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Lívio M Costa-Júnior
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, 1966, Bacanga, São Luís, MA, CEP 65080-805, Brazil.
| | - Ralph Maturano
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Comportamento e Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Juiz de For a, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - Welber Daniel Zaneti Lopes
- Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil.
| | - Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias da Universidade Federal Rural do, Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7 - Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Caio Monteiro
- Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Patologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74.690-900, Brazil.
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Arano-Varela H, Fernández FJ, Estrada-Zúñiga ME, Cruz-Sosa F. Verbascoside production in long-term Buddleja cordata Kunth cell suspension cultures. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:245. [PMID: 32411569 PMCID: PMC7214575 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, our group reported the establishment of a white callus cell line of Buddleja cordata Kunth that is a high producer of the secondary metabolite, verbascoside (VB, also named acteoside), under suspension culture conditions. Here, we present experimental evidence of the sustained ability of that cellular line to grow and produce high amounts of VB for 5 years of continuous culture. Cellular line profiles were determined at the early (at the beginning) and late stages (at the end of 5 years of continuous subculturing) by analyzing relevant parameters of culture growth, i.e., specific growth rate [µ], doubling time [dt], and growth index [GI], as well as VB production. Late-stage cultures exhibited a 61% faster growth rate than early-stage subcultures, and 25 and 3% lower doubling time and growth index. The extents of growth phases were found to be different. Similar amounts of biomass were found (9.5 g and 9.4 g L-1). Verbascoside production increased parallel to cell growth; maximal yield level occurred in the mid-exponential phase and lasted until the end of the stationary phase (i.e., from the 15th to the 25th day and from the 9th to the 21st day for the early and late stages, correspondingly). The content of VB was higher in the late-stage culture (1.43 ± 0945 g L-1) than in the early-stage culture (1.21 ± 0.0286 g L-1). Productivity values point out the potential use of B. cordata cell line in the biotechnological production of VB and for research focused on the biochemistry of secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Arano-Varela
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, CP 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F. J. Fernández
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, CP 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M. E. Estrada-Zúñiga
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Bióticos-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Mexico, Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca km 14.5, C.P. 50285 Toluca, Estado de Mexico Mexico
| | - F. Cruz-Sosa
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, CP 09340 Mexico City, Mexico
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Bong SJ, Jeon J, Park YJ, Kim JK, Park SU. Identification and analysis of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and phenylpropanoid accumulation in watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). 3 Biotech 2020; 10:260. [PMID: 32477847 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is a cruciferous plant consumed by people worldwide. This vegetable contains numerous health-benefiting compounds; however, gene information and metabolomic profiling of individual parts for this plant species are scarce. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and the content of phenylpropanoids in different parts of watercress. We identified 11 genes encoding enzymes related to the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway and analyzed the expression patterns of these genes in the leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seeds of watercress. The result showed that most of the genes were expressed at the highest levels in the flowers. HPLC analysis performed in samples from these same parts revealed the presence of seven phenylpropanoid-derived compounds. The content of total phenylpropanoids was the highest in flowers, followed by that in the leaves, whereas the lowest level was generally detected in the stems. Rutin was the most abundant phenylpropanoid in all plant segments, while quercetin was detected only in the flowers and roots. This study provides useful information for further molecular and functional research involving N. officinale and closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ju Bong
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Jin Jeon
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Yun Ji Park
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- 2Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012 Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
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Tsai YC, Hohmann J, El-Shazly M, Chang LK, Dankó B, Kúsz N, Hsieh CT, Hunyadi A, Chang FR. Bioactive constituents of Lindernia crustacea and its anti-EBV effect via Rta expression inhibition in the viral lytic cycle. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 250:112493. [PMID: 31863859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lindernia crustacea (L.) F.Muell. (Scrophulariaceae) was selected for phytochemical investigation owing to its traditional use against human herpes virus infection and its anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) effect. AIMS OF THE STUDY The present study focused on the phytochemical investigation of L. crustacea including the isolation and structure determination of its biologically active compounds. Compounds with anti-EBV effects were also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The EtOH extract of L. crustacea was subsequently partitioned using different solvents. The EtOAc fraction was subjected to several chromatographic methods to obtain pure compounds. The structures of all isolates were established by spectroscopic analysis and compared with previously reported physical data. The anti-EBV effect was evaluated in an EBV-containing Burkitt's lymphoma cell line (P3HR1) to study the expression of EBV lytic proteins. RESULTS Thirty-three compounds, including one diterpene (1), four anthraquinones (2-5), two ionones (6 and 7), fourteen phenylpropanoid glycosides (8-21), five flavonoids (22-26), one lignan glycoside (27), one phenethyl alcohol glycoside (28), one phenylpropene glycoside (29), one glucosyl glycerol derivative (30), one furanone (31), and two cinnamic acid derivatives (32 and 33), were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the plant. All isolated compounds were obtained for the first time from Lindernia sp. The evaluation of the anti-EBV activity of L. crustacea crude extract, partitioned fractions, and constituents was performed for the first time. Phytol (1), aloe-emodin (2), byzantionoside B (7), a mixture of trans-martynoside (8) and cis-martynoside (9), a mixture of trans-isomartynoside (10) and cis-isomartynoside (11), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (24), and apigenin-7-O-[β-D-apiofuranosyl (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside] (25) exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the EBV lytic cycle at 20 μg/mL in the immunoblot analysis. On the other hand, (6R,7E,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) and a mixture of trans-dolichandroside A (12) and cis-dolichandroside A (13) showed moderate anti-EBV activity at 20 μg/mL. CONCLUSIONS L. crustacea and its active isolates could be developed as potential candidates against EBV. Our findings provide scientific evidence for the traditional use of L. crustacea for its antiviral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary; Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary; Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, 11835, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Li-Kwan Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 106, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Balázs Dankó
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kúsz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Chi-Ting Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Attila Hunyadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 804, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 112, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Gomez-Cano L, Gomez-Cano F, Dillon FM, Alers-Velazquez R, Doseff AI, Grotewold E, Gray J. Discovery of modules involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of maize phenolic compounds. Plant Sci 2020; 291:110364. [PMID: 31928683 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are among the most diverse and widespread of specialized plant compounds and underly many important agronomic traits. Our comprehensive analysis of the maize genome unraveled new aspects of the genes involved in phenylpropanoid, monolignol, and flavonoid production in this important crop. Remarkably, just 19 genes accounted for 70 % of the overall mRNA accumulation of these genes across 95 tissues, indicating that these are the main contributors to the flux of phenolic metabolites. Eighty genes with intermediate to low expression play minor and more specialized roles. Remaining genes are likely undergoing loss of function or are expressed in limited cell types. Phylogenetic and expression analyses revealed which members of gene families governing metabolic entry and branch points exhibit duplication, subfunctionalization, or loss of function. Co-expression analysis applied to genes in sequential biosynthetic steps revealed that certain isoforms are highly co-expressed and are candidates for metabolic complexes that ensure metabolite delivery to correct cellular compartments. Co-expression of biosynthesis genes with transcription factors discovered connections that provided candidate components for regulatory modules governing this pathway. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of maize phenylpropanoid related genes, identifies major pathway contributors, and novel candidate enzymatic and regulatory modules of the metabolic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gomez-Cano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Fabio Gomez-Cano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Francisco M Dillon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Andrea I Doseff
- Department of Physiology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - John Gray
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
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Sadeghnezhad E, Sharifi M, Zare-Maivan H, Ahmadian Chashmi N. Time-dependent behavior of phenylpropanoid pathway in response to methyl jasmonate in Scrophularia striata cell cultures. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:227-243. [PMID: 31707473 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
MeJA triggers a time-dependent behavior of the phenylpropanoid compounds. Plant cells produce a large number of metabolites in response to environmental factors. The cellular responses to environmental changes are orchestrated by signaling molecules, such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA). To understand how the MeJA changes the behavior of amino acids, carbohydrates, and phenylpropanoid compounds such as phenolic acids, phenylethanoid-glycosides, and flavonoids in Scrophularia striata cells; we monitored the metabolic responses for different times of exposure. In this study, we performed a time course analysis of metabolites and enzymes in S. striata cells exposed to MeJA (100 µM) and evaluated the metabolic flux towards carbon-rich secondary metabolites production. Moreover, we calculated the biosynthetic energy cost for free amino acids. Our results indicated that MeJA accelerates the sucrose degradation and directs the metabolic fluxes towards a pool of flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides through a change in enzyme behavior in the entry point and center of the phenylpropanoid pathway. MeJA also decreased and then raised the amino acid biosynthesis cost in S. striata cells in a time-dependent manner, indicating the cells evolve to utilize amino acids more economically by reducing cell growth. Finally, we classified the marked changes in the metabolites level and enzyme activities into three groups including early-, late-, and oscillatory-response groups to MeJA and summarized our findings as a model depicting pathway interactions during MeJA elicitation. Determination of metabolic levels in response to MeJA suggests that the changes in metabolic responses are time-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharifi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Zare-Maivan
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Yang X, Ye J, Zhang L, Song X. Blocked synthesis of sporopollenin and jasmonic acid leads to pollen wall defects and anther indehiscence in genic male sterile wheat line 4110S at high temperatures. Funct Integr Genomics 2020; 20:383-96. [PMID: 31729646 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Environment-sensitive genic male sterility is a valid tool for hybrid production and hybrid breeding, but there are no previous reports of the molecular mechanism of fertility conversion. In this study, RNA-seq, phenotypic and cytological observations, and physiological indexes were applied to analyze thermo-sensitive genic male sterility line 4110S under different temperature conditions to explore the fertility transformation mechanism. In total, 3420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified comprising 2331 upregulated genes and 1089 downregulated genes. The DEGs were apparently distributed among 54 Gene Ontology functional groups. The phenylpropanoid, long-chain fatty acid, and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathways were related to male sterility, where their downregulation blocked the synthesis of sporopollenin and JA. Phenotypic and cytological analyses showed that pollen wall defects and anther indehiscence at high temperatures induced sterility. Moreover, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results indicated that the abundance of JA was lower in 4110S under restrictive conditions (high temperature) than permissive conditions (low temperature). A possible regulated network of pathways associated with male sterility was suggested. These results provided insights into the molecular mechanism of fertility conversion in the thermosensitive male sterility system.
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Neelam, Khatkar A, Sharma KK. Phenylpropanoids and its derivatives: biological activities and its role in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2655-2675. [PMID: 31456411 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1653822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids and their derivatives are plant secondary metabolites widely present in fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, beverages, spices and herbs. They are known to have multifaceted effects which include antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer activities and as well as exhibits renoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective effects. Owing to their antioxidant, antimicrobial and photoprotective properties, these compounds have wide application in the food (preservation, packaging films and edible coating), pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other industries such as textile (colorant), biofuel (antioxidant additive) and sensors (sensing biologically relevant molecules). Phenylpropanoids are present in commercially available dietary supplements and skin care products. In this review, we have presented the current knowledge on the biosynthesis, occurrence, biological activities of phenylpropanoids and their derivatives, along with the mechanism of action and their potential applications in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Sevimli-Gur C, Yesil-Celiktas O. Cytotoxicity screening of supercritical fluid extracted seaweeds and phenylpropanoids. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3691-3699. [PMID: 31004301 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Detached leaves of Posidonia oceanica and Zostera marina creating nuisance at the shores were extracted by means of supercritical CO2 enriched with a co-solvent, compared with that of soxhlet extraction. The extracts and their active compounds which are phenylpropanoids (chicoric, p-coumaric, rosmarinic, benzoic, ferulic and caffeic acids) were screened for cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines including human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3), human colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29), human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3), Mus musculus neuroblastoma (Neuro 2A) cell lines and African green monkey kidney (VERO) as healthy cell line. Supercritical CO2 extracts proved to be more active than soxhlet counterparts. Particularly, Zostera marina extract obtained by supercritical CO2 at 250 bar, 80 °C, 20% co-solvent and a total flow rate of 15 g/min revealed the best IC50 values of 25, 20, 8 μg/ml in neuroblastoma, colon and cervix cancer cell lines. Among the major compounds tested, p-coumaric acid exhibited the highest cytotoxic against colon and cervix cell lines by with IC50 values of 25, 11 μg/ml. As for the effects on healthy cells, the extract was not cytotoxic indicating a selective cytotoxicity. Obtained supercritical CO2 extracts can be utilized as a supplement for preventive purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Sevimli-Gur
- Department of Biology, Biotechnology Discipline, Science and Art Faculty, Kocaeli University, 41380, Izmit, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yesil-Celiktas
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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Uebel T, Wilken M, Vu Chi H, Esselen M. In vitro combinatory cytotoxicity of hepatocarcinogenic asarone isomers and flavonoids. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:19-26. [PMID: 31047974 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Acorus calamus is a swamp herb, which is widely spread in northern hemisphere. It is used in infusions and in bitters but also in food supplements and in traditional herbal medicine. However, the main A. calamus ingredients, propenylic 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenylpropene isomers, termed alpha- (trans) and beta- (cis) asarone, are known carcinogens in rodents. Genotoxic and mutagenic properties are proposed. The presented in vitro cytotoxicity study focused on time-dependent and combinatory exposure scenarios. All experiments performed in HepG2 cells show moderate (in middle micromolar range) cytotoxicity with a time-dependent increase in effectiveness. The combination of the two asarone isomers in short time experiments (1 h) did not show any effect, whereas asarone isomer interaction changes from synergistic to antagonistic with an extended duration of exposure up to 72 h. The antagonism occurred predominantly in the naturally occurring trans/cis-asarone ratio of approximately 1:10. Combinatory cytotoxicity of asarones and selected, dietary relevant flavonoids in constant ratios was mainly attributed to flavonoid toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Uebel
- University of Muenster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Wilken
- University of Muenster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Hung Vu Chi
- University of Muenster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Melanie Esselen
- University of Muenster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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Yuan S, Yan J, Wang M, Ding X, Zhang Y, Li W, Cao J, Jiang W. Transcriptomic and Metabolic Profiling Reveals 'Green Ring' and 'Red Ring' on Jujube Fruit upon Postharvest Alternaria alternata Infection. Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:844-861. [PMID: 30605542 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is the major threat to postharvest storage of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit. We found that natural A. alternata infection can cause very typical phenotype of 'green ring' and 'red ring' surrounding the disease spot on the jujube fruit. The phenotype was successfully modeled and constructed on jujubes by artificial inoculation with the pathogen. Furthermore, the pathogenic infection is evidenced essential to the onset of the phenotype. The 'red ring' circle is proved to be pre-fixed to block the 'green ring' area as a battlefield combating the pathogen's attack. We monitored the global transcriptomic profiling of 'green ring' and 'red ring' tissues from jujubes infected with A. alternata, in comparison with the mock-inoculated fruit and the control intact fruit. Large amount of differentially expressed genes were obtained in 'green ring', followed by 'red ring'. Transcriptional alterations associated with the core and peripheral phenylpropanoid and lignin pathways, plant hormonal metabolisms were greatly influenced in the 'green ring' and 'red ring' by the A. alternata infection. The integrated analysis of transcriptomic profiling and metabolic changes revealed the differentially but delicately coordinated activation of these biological processes in the 'green ring' and 'red ring' on jujubes in defensing the fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Yuan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Ding
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wusun Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
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Filho ACML, Silva IS, Sousa FBM, de Souza LKM, Gomes BDS, Gonçalves RLG, de Rezende DC, Cunha FVM, Wong DVT, Júnior RCPL, Medeiros JVR, de Sousa DP, Oliveira FDA. Inhibition of neutrophil migration and reduction of oxidative stress by ethyl p-coumarate in acute and chronic inflammatory models. Phytomedicine 2019; 57:9-17. [PMID: 30668327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that medicinal plants and their products are relevant candidates for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Ethyl p-coumarate is a phenylpropanoid that has similar structure to others anti-inflammatory and antioxidant substances. However, these activities have never been tested. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethyl p-coumarate on inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters. STUDY DESIGN This is an experimental study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethyl p-coumarate in acute and chronic models of inflammation. METHODS The anti-inflammatory effect of ethyl p-coumarate was evaluated in Swiss mice by carrageenan-induced paw edema model (1%, 50 μl), followed by histological analysis, and edema induced by compound 48/80 (12 µg/paw), histamine (100 µg/paw), serotonin (100 µg/paw) and prostaglandin E2 (3 nmol/paw) in comparison to indomethacin treatment (10 mg/kg, p.o.). In addition, peritonitis was induced by carrageenan (500 μg/cavity) to neutrophil and total leukocytes counting, myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 8 (IL-8), nitrite (NO2-), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements. The arthritis model was induced with Freund's complete adjuvant (id. 0.1 ml) in female Wistar rats, with measurement of joint diameter and X-ray. Changes in gastric tissue of Swiss mice were analyzed in comparison to indomethacin (20 mg/kg, p.o.). RESULTS After treatment with ethyl p-coumarate, the animals had no apparent toxic effects, and significantly inhibited paw edema induced by edematogenic agents, neutrophil (p < 0.001) and total leukocyte (p < 0.001) migration, MPO (p < 0.01), IL-6 (p < 0.05) and IL-8 (p < 0.5), MDA (p < 0.5), GSH (p < 0.5), NO2- (p < 0.001), joint thickness and bones changes. Furthermore, were not observed significant formation of gastric lesions. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that ethyl p-coumarate exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of inflammatory mediators and leukocyte migration without causing gastric lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Carlos Melo Lima Filho
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Av. Nossa Senhora de Fátima s/n, 64049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Irismara Sousa Silva
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Av. Nossa Senhora de Fátima s/n, 64049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno da Silva Gomes
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Av. Nossa Senhora de Fátima s/n, 64049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lopes Gomes Gonçalves
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Av. Nossa Senhora de Fátima s/n, 64049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Diana Carvalho de Rezende
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Av. Nossa Senhora de Fátima s/n, 64049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francisco Valmor Macedo Cunha
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Av. Nossa Senhora de Fátima s/n, 64049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Jand Venes-Rolim Medeiros
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil.
| | | | - Francisco de Assis Oliveira
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Federal University of Piauí, Av. Nossa Senhora de Fátima s/n, 64049-550 Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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Fakhari S, Sharifi M, De Michele R, Ghanati F, Safaie N, Sadeghnezhad E. Hydrogen sulfide directs metabolic flux towards the lignan biosynthesis in Linum album hairy roots. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 135:359-371. [PMID: 30612058 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recently found as an important signaling molecule especially in root system architecture of plants. The regulation of root formation through H2S has been reported in previous works; while the profiling of metabolites in response to H2S is not clearly discussed. To this end, different concentrations of sodium hydrosulfide (an H2S donor) were applied to the culture of Linum album hairy roots. Subsequently, the amino acid profiles, soluble carbohydrates, and central intermediates of phenylpropanoid pathway with two branches of lignans and flavonoids were assessed by spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography techniques. An analysis of the signaling molecules (nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and salicylic acid) was also conducted as they proposed to act in conjunction with H2S. The H2S activated antioxidant systems and caused a shift from flavonoid to lignan production (podophyllotoxin and 6-methoxypodophyllotoxin); although, some of the flavonoids increased in a dose-dependent manner. The H2S decreased the contents of phenylalanine and tyrosine as substrates of the phenylpropanoid pathway, but increased proline and histidine as an osmolyte and antioxidant, respectively. These findings propose that H2S modulates other signaling molecules, regulates free amino acids, and mediates biosynthesis of lignans and flavonoids in the phenylpropanoids biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Fakhari
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharifi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roberto De Michele
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Italian National Research Council, Palermo, 90129, Italy
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Safaie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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