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Moraes N, Nicaretta JE, Rodrigues DDC, Gonzaga BCF, Barrozo MM, Vale FL, Pereira E Sousa LJ, Coutinho AL, Gomes GW, Teixeira WFP, Lopes WDZ, Monteiro C. Comparison of the efficacy of different methods to apply acaricides for control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102190. [PMID: 37167772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the efficacy of different methods to apply an acaricide formulation to control Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. To compare the methods, an acaricide blend containing three active ingredients (a pyrethroid and two organophosphates) was used. In experiment 1 (farm 1: Goiânia, GO, Brazil), three methods were tested: a backpack sprayer (BS), power sprayer (PS) and spray race (SR). In experiment 2 (farm 2: São José do Rio Pardo, SP, Brazil), two methods were tested: BS and PS. In both experiments, 10 cattle with similar tick burdens were used. On day 0 in both experiments, the animals were treated with the acaricide. On day +1 (only in experiment 1), +3, +7, +14, +21, +28 and +35 (only in experiment 2), tick counts were performed to determine the control efficacy. The time application, pressure (KPa), volume applied (L) and ergonomic aspects of each spraying system were also evaluated. The adult immersion test (AIT) using three different acaricide blends (combinations of pyrethroid + organophosphate) was performed to compare the susceptibility of strains of each farm. In experiment 1, all treatments significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the number of ticks on the animals, and PS resulted in the greatest acaricide efficacy since day +1. In experiment 2, both treatments (PS and BS) reduced (p < 0.05) the tick burden, and as observed in experiment 1, PS resulted in the best reduction. The application times were 4.5, 150 and 330 s, while pressures were 306.8, 4,826.3 and 220.6 KPa for SR, PS and BS, respectively. In the AIT, the efficacy values were between 99.8 and 100% for the tick strain form farm 1 (Goiânia), while for tick strain from farm 2 (São José do Rio Pardo), the efficacy was between 67.2 and 80.9%. We conclude that the sprayer methods chosen influences the efficacy of the acaricide. All sprayer methods were efficient for acaricide application; the best efficacy was obtained using the PS, while the SR resulted in good efficacy and lower application time. The strain from farm 2 was less susceptible to all acaricides tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélio Moraes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Nicaretta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Castro Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil; MSD Saúde Animal, Avenida Dr. Chucri Zaidan, 246-96, 9o Andar, São Paulo, SP CEP: 04583-110 Brasil
| | - Bruno César Ferreira Gonzaga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Campus Colemar Natal e Silva - Rua 235, s/n - Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO 74605-050 Brazil
| | - Mayara Macedo Barrozo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Francisca Letícia Vale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Lainny Jordana Pereira E Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Coutinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Webert Gomes
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Weslen Fabricio Pires Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). Rua 235, s/n, Setor Universitário, Campus Colemar e Silva, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74605-050, Brazil
| | - Caio Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74.690-900, Brazil; Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). Rua 235, s/n, Setor Universitário, Campus Colemar e Silva, Goiânia, Goiás CEP: 74605-050, Brazil.
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Gonzaga BCF, de Moraes NR, Gomes GW, Coutinho AL, Vale FL, E Sousa LJMP, Marreto L, de Castro Rodrigues D, de Azevedo Prata MC, Marchesini P, Lopes WDZ, Monteiro C. Combination of synthetic acaricides with (E)-cinnamaldehyde to control Rhipicephalus microplus. Exp Appl Acarol 2022; 88:191-207. [PMID: 36346558 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work had the objectives to (1) evaluate the susceptibility of various Rhipicephalus microplus populations to commercial acaricides, and (2) select commercial acaricides (50-80% effective) and evaluate the effects of binary combinations of the phenylpropanoid (E)-cinnamaldehyde with selected commercial acaricides to control R. microplus under laboratory and field conditions. Using adult immersion tests with 116 populations and 14 commercial acaricides, products showing 50-80% effectiveness (percent control) with the lowest number of active ingredients were selected. Acaricides containing amitraz or chlorfenvinphos were tested in combination with (E)-cinnamaldehyde on a field population (strain CM). We found that (E)-cinnamaldehyde enhanced the activity of both commercial acaricides against R. microplus larvae; however, the enhancement was more accentuated when using amitraz. Experiments combining (E)-cinnamaldehyde + amitraz on unfed larvae and engorged females from another population (strain Gyn) were performed, verifying (E)-cinnamaldehyde enhanced the activity of amitraz. In the field experiment, the application of (E)-cinnamaldehyde appeared toxic to the tick hosts (cattle). We concluded that (E)-cinnamaldehyde enhanced the activity of amitraz against unfed larvae and engorged females of R. microplus; however, in the field test this phenylpropanoid caused intoxication in the cattle. Studies searching for new combinations of compounds from essential oils with amitraz deserve attention, as well as studies to develop formulations using amitraz + (E)-cinnamaldehyde that will be efficient and will not have toxic effects in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno César Ferreira Gonzaga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 235, s/n - Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-050, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
| | - Nélio Roberto de Moraes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Webert Gomes
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia - Goiânia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Ana Lúcia Coutinho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Francisca Letícia Vale
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Lainny Jordana Martins Pereira E Sousa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Laís Marreto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 240, esq. com 5ª avenida - Setor Leste Universitário, 74605-220, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Daniel de Castro Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
- MSD Saúde Animal, Avenida Doutor Chucri Zaidan, 296, 9º Andar, 04583-110, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Paula Marchesini
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, R. 235, s/n.º - Setor Leste Universitário, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Caio Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, km 8, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, R. 235, s/n.º - Setor Leste Universitário, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brasil.
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