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Saletti M, Maramai S, Reale A, Paolino M, Brogi S, Di Capua A, Cappelli A, Giorgi G, D'Avino D, Rossi A, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Sardella R, Carotti A, Woelkart G, Klösch B, Bigogno C, Dondio G, Anzini M. Novel analgesic/anti-inflammatory agents: 1,5-Diarylpyrrole nitrooxyethyl sulfides and related compounds as Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors containing a nitric oxide donor moiety endowed with vasorelaxant properties. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114615. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Huoxue Qianyang Qutan Recipe Protects against Early Renal Damage Induced by Obesity-Related Hypertension via the SIRT1/NF- κB/IL-6 Pathway: Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation-Based Strategy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9599090. [PMID: 35668772 PMCID: PMC9166942 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9599090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as not only a major contributing factor to cardiovascular diseases but also an independent risk factor for end-stage renal disease. Previous studies have found that Huoxue Qianyang Qutan Recipe (HQQR) could reduce urinary microalbumin in patients with obesity-related hypertension (OBH). However, the renal protective activity of HQQR in OBH and its molecular targets involved remains ambiguous. In this work, we investigate the mechanism of HQQR against OBH-induced early renal damage using integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation-based strategy. First, via network pharmacology, IL-6 is identified as one of the key targets of HQQR against early renal damage in hypertension, and inhibition of inflammation is a crucial process. Second, in in vivo experiments, HQQR can lower blood pressure, lose weight, and restore metabolic abnormalities in OBH rats, which could be associated with the effects on protecting early renal damage. Finally, in the mechanism, HQQR increases SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression consistent with reduction of NF-κB acetylation and suppressed the p65-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway. As a result, HQQR robustly inhibits OBH-induced renal inflammation by reducing IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in the renal tissue and the release of IL-6 in serum of OBH rats. This study aims to provide a multimethod (network pharmacology-animal experiment) and multilevel (component-target-pathway) strategy for the prevention and treatment of OBH-induced target organ damage by traditional Chinese medicine.
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Milano S, Carmosino M, Gerbino A, Saponara I, Lapi D, Dal Monte M, Bagnoli P, Svelto M, Procino G. Activation of the Thiazide-Sensitive Sodium-Chloride Cotransporter by Beta3-Adrenoreceptor in the Distal Convoluted Tubule. Front Physiol 2021; 12:695824. [PMID: 34483955 PMCID: PMC8414899 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.695824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that the beta-3 adrenergic receptor (BAR3) is expressed in most segments of the nephron where its agonism promotes a potent antidiuretic effect. We localized BAR3 in distal convoluted tubule (DCT) cells expressing the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC). Aim of this study is to investigate the possible functional role of BAR3 on NCC modulation in DCT cells. Here, we found that, in mice, the knockout of BAR3 was paralleled by a significant attenuation of NCC phosphorylation, paralleled by reduced expression and activation of STE-20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK) and WNKs the main kinases involved in NCC activation. Conversely, in BAR1/2 knockout mice, we found reduced NCC abundance with no changes in the phosphorylation state of NCC. Moreover, selective BAR3 agonism promotes both SPAK and NCC activation in wild-type mouse kidney slices. In conclusion, our findings suggest a novel role for BAR3 in the regulation of NCC in DCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Milano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Carmosino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilenia Saponara
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Dominga Lapi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Paola Bagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Procino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Bruno AS, Lopes PDD, de Oliveira KCM, de Oliveira AK, de Assis Cau SB. Vascular Inflammation in Hypertension: Targeting Lipid Mediators Unbalance and Nitrosative Stress. Curr Hypertens Rev 2021; 17:35-46. [PMID: 31858899 DOI: 10.2174/1573402116666191220122332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a worldwide public health threat. High Blood Pressure (BP) is commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide synthases (NOS) unbalance and high peripheral vascular resistance. In addition to those, inflammation has also been designated as one of the major components of BP increase and organ damage in hypertension. This minireview discusses vascular inflammatory triggers of high BP and aims to fill the existing gaps of antiinflammatory therapy of hypertension. Among the reasons discussed, enhanced prostaglandins rather than resolvins lipid mediators, immune cell infiltration and oxidative/nitrosative stress are pivotal players of BP increase within the inflammatory hypothesis. To address these inflammatory targets, this review also proposes new concepts in hypertension treatment with non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), nitric oxide-releasing NSAIDs (NO-NSAIDs) and specialized proresolving mediators (SPM). In this context, the failure of NSAIDs in hypertension treatment seems to be associated with the reduction of endogenous NO bioavailability, which is not necessarily an effect of all drug members of this pharmacological class. For this reason, NO-releasing NSAIDs seem to be safer and more specific therapy to treat vascular inflammation in hypertension than regular NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre S Bruno
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Patricia das Dores Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Karla C M de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Anizia K de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - Stefany B de Assis Cau
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
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Martelli A, Flori L, Gorica E, Piragine E, Saviano A, Annunziata G, Di Minno MND, Ciampaglia R, Calcaterra I, Maione F, Tenore GC, Novellino E, Calderone V. Vascular Effects of the Polyphenolic Nutraceutical Supplement Taurisolo ®: Focus on the Protection of the Endothelial Function. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051540. [PMID: 34063322 PMCID: PMC8147644 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservation of vascular endothelium integrity and functionality represents an unmet medical need. Indeed, endothelial dysfunction leads to decreased nitric oxide biosynthesis, which is prodromic of hypertension and hypercoagulability. In this panorama, the nutraceutical supplement Taurisolo®, a polyphenolic extract from Aglianico cultivar grape, rich in catechin and procyanidins, was evaluated as a vasoprotective, vasorelaxing, anti-hypertensive and anti-coagulant agent in: cell lines, isolated vessels, in vivo models of chronic hypertension and hypercoagulability, and in clinical tests of endothelial reactivity. Taurisolo® demonstrated to fully protect vascular cell viability from oxidative stimulus at 100 µg/mL and evoke vasorelaxing effects (Emax = 80.6% ± 1.9 and pEC50 = 1.19 ± 0.03) by activation of the Sirtuins-AMPK-pathway. Moreover, Taurisolo®, chronically administered at 20 mg/Kg/die in in vivo experiments, inhibited the onset of cardiac hypertrophy (heart weight/rat weight = 3.96 ± 0.09 vs. 4.30 ± 0.03), hypercoagulability (decrease of fibrinogen vs. control: p < 0.01) and hypertension (mean of Psys: 200 ± 2 vs. control 234 ± 2 mmHg) and improved endothelial function (Emax = 88.9% ± 1.5 vs. control 59.6% ± 3.6; flow-mediated dilation in healthy volunteers after 400 mg twice daily for 8 weeks vs. baseline: p = 0.019). In conclusion, Taurisolo® preserves the vascular function against ox-inflamm-ageing process and the consequent cardiovascular accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Era Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Eugenia Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Anella Saviano
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Matteo Nicola Dario Di Minno
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Roberto Ciampaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Ilenia Calcaterra
- Department of Clinic Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco Maione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Gian Carlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (R.C.); (G.C.T.); (E.N.)
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.G.); (E.P.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Biology and Pathology of Ageing”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Xu Z, Ding J, Zhang L, Feng X, Zhou J, Shen X, Lu H, Qian L, Li X. Peptidomics analysis revealed that a novel peptide VMP‑19 protects against Ang II‑induced injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:298. [PMID: 33649860 PMCID: PMC7930926 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is a vital pathological change in hypertension, which is mainly caused by apoptosis and oxidative stress injury of vascular endothelial cells. Peptidomics is a method for the direct analysis of small bioactive peptides in various biological samples using liquid chromatography‑mass spectrometry (MS)/MS. Given the advantages of the low molecular weight, optimum targeting and easy access to cells, peptides have attracted extensive attention in the field of drug research. However, to the best of our knowledge, little is currently known regarding the role of peptides in vascular endothelial injury. In order to investigate the peptides involved in vascular endothelial protection, MS was used to analyze the peptide profiles in the supernatant of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated by Ang II. The results revealed that 211 peptides were identified, of which six were upregulated and 13 were downregulated when compared with the control group. Subsequently, the present study analyzed the physical and chemical properties and biological functions of identified peptides by bioinformatics, and successfully screened a peptide (LLQDSVDFSLADAINTEFK) named VMP‑19 that could alleviate the apoptosis and oxidative stress injury of HUVECs induced by Ang II. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to use peptidomics to analyze the peptide profiles of supernatant secreted by HUVECs, and revealed that the novel peptide VMP‑19 could protect HUVECs from apoptosis and oxidative stress injury. The results of the present study could provide novel insights into treatment strategies for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqing Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Xianzhen Feng
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Shen
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Lingmei Qian
- Department of General Practice, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200336, P.R. China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Citi V, Martelli A, Gorica E, Brogi S, Testai L, Calderone V. Role of hydrogen sulfide in endothelial dysfunction: Pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches. J Adv Res 2021; 27:99-113. [PMID: 33318870 PMCID: PMC7728589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular endothelium represents a fundamental mechanical and biological barrier for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis along the entire vascular tree. Changes in its integrity are associated to several cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, hyperhomocysteinemia, diabetes, all linked to the peculiar condition named endothelial dysfunction, which is referred to the loss of endothelial physiological functions, comprehending the regulation of vascular relaxation and/or cell redox balance, the inhibition of leukocyte infiltration and the production of NO. Among the endothelium-released vasoactive factors, in the last years hydrogen sulfide has been viewed as one of the main characters involved in the regulation of endothelium functionality, and many studies demonstrated that H2S behaves as a vasoprotective gasotransmitter in those cardiovascular diseases where endothelial dysfunction seems to be the central issue. AIM The role of hydrogen sulfide in endothelial dysfunction-related cardiovascular diseases is discussed in this review. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS Possible therapeutic approaches using molecules able to release H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno n.6, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno n.6, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Era Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno n.6, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno n.6, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno n.6, 56125 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno n.6, 56125 Pisa, Italy
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Martelli A, Citi V, Calderone V. Recent efforts in drug discovery on vascular inflammation and consequent atherosclerosis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:411-427. [PMID: 33256484 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1850688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Preservation of vascular endothelium integrity and maintenance of its full functionality are fundamental aspects in order to avoid both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases.Areas covered: Although a massive endothelial disruption is a rare condition, caused by acute and uncontrolled inflammatory responses (e.g. the cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection), more frequently the vascular tree is the first target of slowly progressive inflammatory processes which affect the integrity of endothelium and its 'barrier' function, supporting the onset of atherosclerotic plaque and spreading inflammation. This endothelial dysfunction leads to decrease NO biosynthesis, impaired regulation of vascular tone, and increased platelet aggregation. Such chronic subclinic inflammation leads to macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, many efforts should be addressed to find useful approaches to preserve vascular endothelium from inflammation. In this review, the authors have evaluated the most recent strategies to counteract this pathological condition.Expert opinion: The therapeutic and nutraceutical approaches represent useful tools to treat or prevent different phases of vascular inflammation. In particular, the pharmacological approach should be used in advanced phases characterized by clinical signs of vascular disease, whilst the nutraceutical approach may represent a promising preventive strategy to preserve the integrity of the endothelial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing, Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing, Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Consalvi S, Poce G, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Patrignani P, Bruno A, Anzini M, Calderone V, Martelli A, Testai L, Giordani A, Biava M. Therapeutic potential for coxibs-nitric oxide releasing hybrids in cystic fibrosis. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112983. [PMID: 33168231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the rational for further studies of COX-2 inhibitors-NO releaser hybrids (NO-Coxibs) in the pharmacological treatment of the airway inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Our research group developed several classes of NO-Coxibs for the pharmacological treatment of arthritis, and among them several compounds showed an outstanding in vivo efficacy and good pharmacokinetic properties. The good antiinflammatory properties displayed by these compounds during the previous screening could, by itself, suggest appropriate candidates for further testing in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Consalvi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Poce
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Via Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, And Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, And Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), School of Medicine, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Anzini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, And Pharmacy, DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Biava
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Testai L, Citi V, Martelli A, Brogi S, Calderone V. Role of hydrogen sulfide in cardiovascular ageing. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105125. [PMID: 32783975 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western society and ageing is a relevant non-modifiable risk factor. Morphological and functional alterations at endothelial level represent first events of ageing, inevitably followed by vascular dysfunction and consequent atherosclerosis that deeply influences cardiovascular health. Indeed, myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis typically occur and contribute to compromise overall cardiac output. As regards the intracellular molecular mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular ageing, an intricate network is emerging, revealing a role for many mediators, including SIRT1/AMPK/PCG1α pathway, anti-oxidants factors (i.e. Nrf-2 and FOXOs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, the search for pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies that can promote a "healthy ageing", in order to slow down age-related machinery, are currently an exciting challenge for the biomedical research. Interestingly, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recently recognized as a new player capable to influence intracellular machinery involved in ageing and then it is view as a potential target for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review is focused on the role of H2S in cardiovascular ageing, and on the evidence of the relationship between progressive decline in endogenous H2S levels and the onset of various cardiovascular age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6-56120, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing, Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)", University of Pisa, 56120, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6-56120, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6-56120, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing, Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)", University of Pisa, 56120, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6-56120, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6-56120, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing, Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)", University of Pisa, 56120, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Dillon KM, Carrazzone RJ, Matson JB, Kashfi K. The evolving landscape for cellular nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide delivery systems: A new era of customized medications. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113931. [PMID: 32224139 PMCID: PMC7263970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are industrial toxins or pollutants; however, both are produced endogenously and have important biological roles in most mammalian tissues. The recognition that these gasotransmitters have a role in physiological and pathophysiological processes has presented opportunities to harness their intracellular effects either through inhibition of their production; or more commonly, through inducing their levels and or delivering them by various modalities. In this review article, we have focused on an array of NO and H2S donors, their hybrids with other established classes of drugs, and the various engineered delivery platforms such a fibers, polymers, nanoparticles, hydrogels, and others. In each case, we have reviewed the rationale for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kearsley M Dillon
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ryan J Carrazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John B Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, NY, USA.
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Gao D, Niu M, Wei SZ, Zhang CE, Zhou YF, Yang ZW, Li L, Wang JB, Zhang HZ, Zhang L, Xiao XH. Identification of a Pharmacological Biomarker for the Bioassay-Based Quality Control of a Thirteen-Component TCM Formula (Lianhua Qingwen) Used in Treating Influenza A Virus (H1N1) Infection. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:746. [PMID: 32523531 PMCID: PMC7261828 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As chemical analysis for quality control (QC) of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula is difficult to guarantee the effectiveness, a bioassay method that combines QC with evaluation of therapeutic effects has been developed to assess the TCM quality. Here, we chose a thirteen-component TCM formula, Lianhua Qingwen capsule (LHQW), as a representative sample, to explore the pivotal biomarkers for a bioassay and to investigate close association between QC and pharmacological actions. Initially, our results showed that chemical fingerprinting could not effectively distinguish batches of LHQW. Pharmacological experiments indicated that LHQW could treat influenza A virus (H1N1) infection in the H1N1 mouse model, as claimed in clinical trials, by improving pathologic alterations and bodyweight loss, and decreasing virus replication, lung lesions and inflammation. Furthermore, by using serum metabolomics analysis, we identified two important metabolites, prostaglandin F2α and arachidonic acid, and their metabolic pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism, as vital indicators of LHQW in treatment of influenza. Subsequently, macrophages transcriptomics highlighted the prominent role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as the major rate-limiting enzyme in the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Finally, COX-2 was validated by in vivo gene expression and in vitro enzymatic activity with 43 batches of LHQW as a viable pharmacological biomarker for the establishment of bioassay-based QC. Our study provides systematic methodology in the pharmacological biomarker exploration for establishing the bioassay-based QC of LHQW or other TCM formulas relating to their pharmacological activities and mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Niu
- Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Zhang Wei
- Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cong-En Zhang
- Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Feng Zhou
- Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Bo Wang
- Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Zhu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nervous System Drugs, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-He Xiao
- Department of China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing, China
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13
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Wu W, Yang S, Liu P, Yin L, Gong Q, Zhu W. Systems Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Investigate Pharmacological Mechanisms of Radix Puerariae for Treatment of Hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:345. [PMID: 32265716 PMCID: PMC7107014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a clinical cardiovascular syndrome characterized by elevated systemic arterial pressure with or without multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Radix Pueraria (RP) has the effects of anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-arrhythmia, vasodilatation, blood pressure reduction, anti-inflammation, and attenuating insulin resistance. Although RP can be effective for the treatment of hypertension, its active compounds, drug targets, and exact molecular mechanism are still unclear. In this study, systems pharmacology was used to analyze the active compounds, drug target genes, and key pathways of RP in the treatment of hypertension. Thirteen active compounds and related information on RP were obtained from the TCMSP database, and 140 overlapping genes related to hypertension and drugs were obtained from the GeneCards and OMIM databases. A PPI network and a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) comprehensive network (Drug-Compounds-Genes-Disease network) were constructed, and 2,246 GO terms and 157 pathways were obtained by GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Some important active compounds and targets were evaluated by in vitro experiments. This study shows that RP probably acts by influencing the proliferation module, apoptosis module, inflammation module, and others when treating hypertension. This study provides novel insights for researchers to systematically explore the mechanism of action of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qianfeng Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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14
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Leo CH, Ng HH, Marshall SA, Jelinic M, Rupasinghe T, Qin C, Roessner U, Ritchie RH, Tare M, Parry LJ. Relaxin reduces endothelium-derived vasoconstriction in hypertension: Revealing new therapeutic insights. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:217-233. [PMID: 31479151 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelium-derived vasoconstriction is a hallmark of vascular dysfunction in hypertension. In some cases, an overproduction of endothelium-derived prostacyclin (PGI2 ) can cause contraction rather than relaxation. Relaxin is well known for its vasoprotective actions, but the possibility that this peptide could also reverse endothelium-derived vasoconstriction has never been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that short-term relaxin treatment mitigates endothelium-derived vasoconstriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR were subcutaneously infused with either vehicle (20 mmol·L-1 sodium acetate) or relaxin (13.3 μg·kg-1 ·hr-1 ) using osmotic minipumps for 3 days. Vascular reactivity to the endothelium-dependent agonist ACh was assessed in vitro by wire myography. Quantitative PCR and LC-MS were used to identify changes in gene expression of prostanoid pathways and PG production, respectively. KEY RESULTS Relaxin treatment ameliorated hypertension-induced endothelial dysfunction by increasing NO-dependent relaxation and reducing endothelium-dependent contraction. Notably, short-term relaxin treatment up-regulated mesenteric PGI2 receptor (IP) expression, permitting PGI2 -IP-mediated vasorelaxation. In the aorta, reversal of contraction was accompanied by suppression of the hypertension-induced increase in prostanoid-producing enzymes and reduction in PGI2 -evoked contractions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Relaxin has region-dependent vasoprotective actions in hypertension. Specifically, relaxin has distinct effects on endothelium-derived contracting factors and their associated vasoconstrictor pathways in mesenteric arteries and the aorta. Taken together, these observations reveal the potential of relaxin as a new therapeutic agent for vascular disorders that are associated with endothelium-derived vasoconstriction including hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huei Leo
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hooi Hooi Ng
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah A Marshall
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Jelinic
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thusitha Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chengxue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Marianne Tare
- Monash Rural Health, Monash University, Churchill, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura J Parry
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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15
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Soliman WM, Abdellatif KRA, Knaus EE. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and nitric-oxide release studies of a novel series of celecoxib prodrugs possessing a nitric-oxide donor moiety. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902018000417281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Consalvi S, Poce G, Ragno R, Sabatino M, La Motta C, Sartini S, Calderone V, Martelli A, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Biava M. A Series of COX-2 Inhibitors Endowed with NO-Releasing Properties: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Docking Analysis. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1804-11. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Consalvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Giovanna Poce
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Manuela Sabatino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università di Pisa; via Bonanno Pisano 6 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Stefania Sartini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università di Pisa; via Bonanno Pisano 6 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università di Pisa; via Bonanno Pisano 6 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; Università di Pisa; via Bonanno Pisano 6 56126 Pisa Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Dipartimento di Neurologia Psicologia; Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Viale G. Pieraccini 6 50139 Firenze Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Dipartimento di Neurologia Psicologia; Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino; Università degli Studi di Firenze; Viale G. Pieraccini 6 50139 Firenze Italy
| | - Mariangela Biava
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco; Sapienza Università di Roma; Piazzale A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
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17
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Acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors: an update. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 134:24S-31S. [PMID: 25255003 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Plastic and cosmetic surgery is often performed as an ambulatory procedure, and pain is often mild to moderate. Good pain relief is central to patient comfort and satisfaction. Analgesics used should ensure rapid onset and adequate pain relief lasting a sufficiently long duration with minimal or no side effects. Acetaminophen is well tolerated by patients, efficacious, and associated with only minor side effects, when used in the minimal effective doses. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are more efficacious, having lower numbers needed to treat compared with acetaminophen, but have several side effects and contraindications. However, when used in the correct doses in healthy patients, NSAIDs are excellent for pain management with one caveat that there is an increased risk for oozing or bleeding. In contrast, cyclooxygenase inhibitors (Coxibs) are equally efficacious as NSAIDs but have the added advantage that they have minimal or no effect on platelet function, and therefore, the risk for bleeding complications is minimal. However, there has been some concern about the risk of vascular events in patients with ischemic heart disease, specifically when using Coxibs, but even some NSAIDs, for example, diclofenac. In conclusion, acetaminophen should be given postoperatively to all patients undergoing plastic surgical procedures. For patients undergoing moderately invasive surgery, the addition of Coxibs to acetaminophen would be an advantage except in the patient with ischemic heart disease where NSAIDs could have a place in management of pain. Side effects and contraindications of NSAIDs, however, restrict their use to the healthy patient with mild comorbidities.
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18
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COX enzymes play a central role in the biosynthetic pathway of important biological mediators called prostanoids. Differences in regulation of gene expression, stability of transcripts and proteins determine the different biological functions of COX-1 and COX-2. While the COX-1 gene has been considered to be a 'housekeeping' gene expressed in many tissues and cells, COX-2 gene is upregulated during inflammation, hypoxia and in many cancers. AREAS COVERED The first part of this review provides a survey of the development of both modified traditional NSAIDs (tNSAIDs) and COX inhibitors (coxibs) with reduced side effects for the treatment of inflammation and cancer. The second part deals with patents reporting several dual inhibitors characterized by the conjugation of a COX-inhibitor scaffold to a molecule able to modulate a different target. Finally, two patents on novel COX inhibitor scaffolds are reported. EXPERT OPINION The most interesting branch of research concerns the conjugation of a COX-inhibitor scaffold to a molecule able to modulate a different target, in order to either enhance anti-inflammatory activity or to act as a dual inhibitor. Among the described compounds, selenium-containing coxibs inhibiting COX-2 and Akt, in addition to the multi-target biphenyl derivatives as dual inhibitors of COX and fatty acid amide hydrolase, are the most promising ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Consalvi
- a Sapienza University of Rome, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , p.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Biava
- a Sapienza University of Rome, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , p.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Poce
- a Sapienza University of Rome, Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco , p.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
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19
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Cheleschi S, Pascarelli NA, Valacchi G, Di Capua A, Biava M, Belmonte G, Giordani A, Sticozzi C, Anzini M, Fioravanti A. Chondroprotective effect of three different classes of anti-inflammatory agents on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes exposed to IL-1β. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:794-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Dwivedi AK, Gurjar V, Kumar S, Singh N. Molecular basis for nonspecificity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:863-73. [PMID: 25794602 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the production of inflammatory mediators by the action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is highly accredited to their recognition of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Along with inflammation relief, however, NSAIDs also cause adverse effects. Although NSAIDs strongly inhibit enzymes of the prostaglandin synthesis pathways, several other proteins also serve as fairly potent targets for these drugs. Based on their recognition pattern, these receptors are categorised as enzymes modifying NSAIDs, noncatalytic proteins binding to NSAIDs and enzymes with catalytic functions that are inhibited by NSAIDs. The extensive binding of NSAIDs is responsible for their limited in vivo efficacy as well as the large spectrum of their effects. The biochemical nature of drugs binding to multiple protein targets and its implications on physiology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avaneesh K Dwivedi
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308, India
| | - Vaishali Gurjar
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308, India
| | - Sanjit Kumar
- Center for Bioseparation Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Nagendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308, India.
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21
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Biava M, Battilocchio C, Poce G, Alfonso S, Consalvi S, Di Capua A, Calderone V, Martelli A, Testai L, Sautebin L, Rossi A, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Giordani A, Persiani S, Colovic M, Dovizio M, Patrignani P, Anzini M. Enhancing the pharmacodynamic profile of a class of selective COX-2 inhibiting nitric oxide donors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:772-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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