1
|
Chettri D, Verma AK. Biological significance of carbohydrate active enzymes and searching their inhibitors for therapeutic applications. Carbohydr Res 2023; 529:108853. [PMID: 37235954 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are the most abundant and diverse group of biomolecules with a crucial role in all the biological processes. Their structural and functional diversity is not genetically encoded, but depends on Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) which carry out all catalytic activities in terms of synthesis, modification, and degradation. CAZymes comprise large families of enzymes with specific functions and are widely used for various commercial applications ranging from biofuel production to textile and food industries with impact on biorefineries. To understand the structure and functional mechanism of these CAZymes for their modification for industrial use, together with knowledge of therapeutic aspects of their dysfunction associated with various diseases, CAZyme inhibitors can be used as a valuable tool. In search for new inhibitors, the screening of various secondary metabolites using high-throughput techniques and rational design techniques have been explored. The inhibitors can thus help tune CAZymes and are emerging as a potential research interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dixita Chettri
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hosseini R, Karajibani M, Montazerifar F, Shahraki E, Babakhani K, Mohammad Mokhtari A, Sahebkar A. The impact of zinc supplementation on galectin-3 and metabolic markers in diabetic patients on hemodialysis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:743-750. [PMID: 35673488 PMCID: PMC9167385 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01044-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose There is little information about the association between zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) supplementation and metabolic profiles in zinc-deficient diabetic patients on hemodialysis (DHPs). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between ZnSO4 supplementation and serum levels of galectin-3 (Gal-3) and cardiometabolic parameters in zinc-deficient DHPs. Methods In the present randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 46 zinc-deficient DHPs (35-62 years) were included and assigned to receive either 220 mg/d ZnSO4 or placebo for 8 weeks. Serum levels of Gal-3, lipid profile, and blood pressure (BP) were assessed at baseline and the end of trial. Results We found a significant effect of ZnSO4 intake on the reduction of serum Gal-3 (P = < 0.001), triglycerides (P = < 0.001), total cholesterol (P = < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = < 0.001) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = < 0.001) as compared to the control group. Additionally, systolic blood pressure (SBP) (P = 0.006) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.01) were significantly reduced following 8 weeks of ZnSO4 supplementation. Conclusion Taken together, 220 mg ZnSO4 supplementation per day for 8 weeks among zinc-deficient DHPs had beneficial effects on Gal-3 and metabolic profiles. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials Identifier IRCT20191217045765N1, date of registration: 2020-02-09.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Hosseini
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mansour Karajibani
- Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Montazerifar
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Elham Shahraki
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Khatereh Babakhani
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Mokhtari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sedaghat G, Montazerifar F, Keykhaie MA, Karajibani M, Shourestani S, Dashipour A. Effect of pre-meal water intake on the serum levels of Copeptin, glycemic control, lipid profile and anthropometric indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, controlled trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:171-177. [PMID: 34178828 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Water pre-load affects insulin secretion by altering the level of copeptin (C-terminal component of the arginine vasopressin hormone (AVP)) and preventing obesity by reducing food intake. Aims The present randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to investigate the effects of pre-meal water intake on type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Materials and methods In this study, 40 patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to two intervention groups for 8 weeks; a) drinking 1 liter of water per day before each main meal (PW group)., and b) no water consumption before any meal (NPW group). At the beginning and at the end of the study, blood samples were taken to assess glycemic indices, lipid profile, copeptin and anthropometric indices. Results Pre-meal water intake was associated with lower energy intake, BMI, waist circumference (WC) and greater weight loss, in compared with the controls (P < 0.0001) after 8 weeks. At the end of the trial, the concentrations of fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P < 0.0001), triglyceride (TG) (P < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P < 0.05) and copeptin (P < 0.05) were significantly reduced following water drinking before meals. Conclusion To sum up, the present study revealed that pre-meal water intake is associated with lower BMI, body weight, WC, FBS, TG, LDL-C and copeptin levels in patients with T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Sedaghat
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Montazerifar
- Pregnancy Health Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahmood Ali Keykhaie
- Genetics of Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Department of Internal, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mansour Karajibani
- Health Promotion Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Shadi Shourestani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Alireza Dashipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Food and Technology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Calò LA, Davis PA. Far di Necessità Virtù, using rare tubulopathies, Gitelman's and Bartter's syndromes, to inform the fight against COVID-19. J Nephrol 2021; 34:281-283. [PMID: 33387334 PMCID: PMC7776285 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo A Calò
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine, DIMED, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Paul A Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang R, Zhang Y, Huang G, Xin X, Tang L, Li H, Lee KS, Jin BR, Gui Z. Chemical synthesis, inhibitory activity and molecular mechanism of 1-deoxynojirimycin–chrysin as a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38703-38711. [PMID: 35493254 PMCID: PMC9044198 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07753h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia can be efficaciously regulated by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity and this is regarded as an effective strategy to treat type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaiqun Huang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Xin
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liumei Tang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwang Sik Lee
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Rae Jin
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhongzheng Gui
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|