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Zou X, Chang K, Fan G, Zheng H, Shen H, Tang L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhao L, Lv H, Zhou X, Shen X, Chen L, Tong X, Cao B. Effectiveness and safety of Sanhan Huashi granules versus nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in adult patients with COVID-19: A randomized, open-label, multicenter trial. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1954-1963. [PMID: 38749859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Sanhan Huashi granules (SHG) demonstrated therapeutic effects against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in observational studies. In order to compare the effectiveness and safety of SHG and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in treating adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, we conducted a randomized, active-controlled, open-label, multi-center trial conducted between February and July in 2023. The patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to the SHG group and the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir group. A total of 400 participants were randomized, among which 200 participants ultimately received SHG and 198 received nirmatrelvir-ritonavir. The primary outcome was time to sustained clinical recovery through day 28. SHG significantly shortened the median time to sustained clinical recovery compared to nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (6.0 (95% CI, 5.0 to 6.0) vs. 8.0 (95% CI, 6.0 to 9.0) d; P = 0.001), particularly for individual symptoms including fever, sore throat, cough and fatigue. No participants in either group died and incidence of severe COVID-19 showed no difference between two groups. Participants who received nirmatrelvir-ritonavir demonstrated a higher rate of virus clearance on day 5 compared to those received SHG (46.4% (95% CI, 39.1 to 53.7) vs. 65.6% (95% CI, 58.3 to 72.4); P < 0.001). Most adverse events were mild in both groups. In summary, SHG was superior to nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in shortening the time to sustained clinical recovery in participants with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, despite a lower virus clearance rate observed after 5 d of treatment (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2300067872).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zou
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kang Chang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guohui Fan
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Clinical Research and Data Management Center of Respiratory Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huanwei Zheng
- Shijiazhuang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Hezheng Shen
- Linyi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Wuxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi 214071, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Pulmonary Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yeming Wang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hong Lv
- Taicang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taicang 215400, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar 161005, China
| | - Xiaoming Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | | | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; National Center for Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Bin Cao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
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Zhao GZ, Yan SY, Li B, Guo YH, Song S, Hu YH, Guo SQ, Hu J, Du Y, Lu HT, Ye HR, Ren ZY, Zhu LF, Xu XL, Su R, Liu QQ. Effect of Chinese Medicine in Patients with COVID-19: A Multi-center Retrospective Cohort Study. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-4108-7. [PMID: 38816638 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-4108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicine (CM) in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. METHODS A multi-center retrospective cohort study was carried out, with cumulative CM treatment period of ⩾3 days during hospitalization as exposure. Data came from consecutive inpatients from December 19, 2019 to May 16, 2020 in 4 medical centers in Wuhan, China. After data extraction, verification and cleaning, confounding factors were adjusted by inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), and the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 2,272 COVID-19 patients were included. There were 1,684 patients in the CM group and 588 patients in the control group. Compared with the control group, the hazard ratio (HR) for the deterioration rate in the CM group was 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41 to 0.64, P<0.001]. The results were consistent across patients of varying severity at admission, and the robustness of the results were confirmed by 3 sensitivity analyses. In addition, the HR for all-cause mortality in the CM group was 0.29 (95% CI: 0.19 to 0.44, P<0.001). Regarding of safety, the proportion of patients with abnormal liver function or renal function in the CM group was smaller. CONCLUSION This real-world study indicates that the combination of a full-course CM therapy on the basic conventional treatment, may safely reduce the deterioration rate and all-cause mortality of COVID-19 patients. This result can provide the new evidence to support the current treatment of COVID-19. Additional prospective clinical trial is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of specific CM interventions. (Registration No. ChiCTR2200062917).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zhen Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shi-Yan Yan
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bo Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yu-Hong Guo
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Integrated Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Ya-Hui Hu
- College of Integrated Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Shi-Qi Guo
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yuan Du
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Hai-Tian Lu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Hao-Ran Ye
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Ren
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Ling-Fei Zhu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Xiao-Long Xu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Rui Su
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Qing-Quan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China.
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Zhao L, Tian C, Yang Y, Guan H, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Kang X, Zhou L, Li Q, Ma J, Wan L, Zheng Y, Tong X. Practice and principle of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Front Med 2023; 17:1014-1029. [PMID: 38157191 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in China. The integration of Chinese and Western medicine is an important feature of Chinese COVID-19 prevention and treatment. According to a series of evidence-based studies, TCM can reduce the infection rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in high-risk groups. For patients with mild and moderate forms of COVID-19, TCM can relieve the related signs and symptoms, shorten the period of nucleic-acid negative conversion, and reduce conversion rate to the severe form of the disease. For COVID-19 patients with severe and critical illnesses, TCM can improve inflammatory indicators and blood oxygen saturation, shorten the hospital stay, and reduce the mortality rate. During recovery, TCM can improve patients' symptoms, promote organ function recovery, boost the quality of patients' life, and reduce the nucleic-acid repositive conversion rate. A series of mechanism research studies revealed that capability of TCM to treat COVID-19 through antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, immune regulation, and protection of organ function via a multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Chuanxi Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- National Center for Integrative Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Huifang Guan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Li Wan
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yujiao Zheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Cao Q, Du X, Jiang XY, Tian Y, Gao CH, Liu ZY, Xu T, Tao XX, Lei M, Wang XQ, Ye LL, Duan DD. Phenome-wide association study and precision medicine of cardiovascular diseases in the post-COVID-19 era. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2347-2357. [PMID: 37532784 PMCID: PMC10692238 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes injuries of not only the lungs but also the heart and endothelial cells in vasculature of multiple organs, and induces systemic inflammation and immune over-reactions, which makes COVID-19 a disease phenome that simultaneously affects multiple systems. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are intrinsic risk and causative factors for severe COVID-19 comorbidities and death. The wide-spread infection and reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 variants and the long-COVID may become a new common threat to human health and propose unprecedented impact on the risk factors, pathophysiology, and pharmacology of many diseases including CVD for a long time. COVID-19 has highlighted the urgent demand for precision medicine which needs new knowledge network to innovate disease taxonomy for more precise diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of disease. A deeper understanding of CVD in the setting of COVID-19 phenome requires a paradigm shift from the current phenotypic study that focuses on the virus or individual symptoms to phenomics of COVID-19 that addresses the inter-connectedness of clinical phenotypes, i.e., clinical phenome. Here, we summarize the CVD manifestations in the full clinical spectrum of COVID-19, and the phenome-wide association study of CVD interrelated to COVID-19. We discuss the underlying biology for CVD in the COVID-19 phenome and the concept of precision medicine with new phenomic taxonomy that addresses the overall pathophysiological responses of the body to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also briefly discuss the unique taxonomy of disease as Zheng-hou patterns in traditional Chinese medicine, and their potential implications in precision medicine of CVD in the post-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cao
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xin Du
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Jiang
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Chen-Hao Gao
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zi-Yu Liu
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xing-Xing Tao
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Wang
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Lingyu Linda Ye
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases and Precision Medicie, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750001, China.
| | - Dayue Darrel Duan
- Center for Phenomics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Autoimmune Diseases and Precision Medicie, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750001, China.
- The Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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Hwang J, Jang S, Kim C, Lee S, Jeong HS. Role of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and microRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13849. [PMID: 37762150 PMCID: PMC10530823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders represent a global health problem. Current pharmacological treatments often lead to short-term symptomatic relief but have dose-dependent side effects, such as inducing orthostatic arterial hypotension due to the blockade of alpha receptors, cardiotoxic effects due to impaired repolarization, and atrioventricular block and tachycardia, including ventricular fibrillation. These challenges have driven the medical community to seek effective treatments for this serious global health threat. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and immunomodulatory properties, providing a promising alternative due to their ability to differentiate, favorable culture conditions, in vitro manipulation ability, and robust properties. Although MSCs themselves rarely differentiate into neurons at the site of injury after transplantation in vivo, paracrine factors secreted by MSCs can create environmental conditions for cell-to-cell communication and have shown therapeutic effects. Recent studies have shown that the pleiotropic effects of MSCs, particularly their immunomodulatory potential, can be attributed primarily to these paracrine factors. Exosomes derived from MSCs are known to play an important role in these effects. Many studies have evaluated the potential of exosome-based therapies for the treatment of various neurological diseases. In addition to exosomes, various miRNAs derived from MSCs have been identified to regulate genes and alleviate neuropathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases. This review explores the burgeoning field of exosome-based therapies, focusing on the effects of MSC-derived exosomes and exosomal miRNAs, and summarizes recent findings that shed light on the potential of exosomes in the treatment of neurological disorders. The insights gained from this review may pave the way for innovative and effective treatments for these complex conditions. Furthermore, we suggest the therapeutic effects of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs from MSCs, which have a rescue potential in spinal cord injury via diverse signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (S.J.)
| | - Sujeong Jang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (S.J.)
| | - Choonghyo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungjoon Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea;
| | - Han-Seong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (S.J.)
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Badanta B, García MA, Jiménez ÁE, Lucchetti G, de Diego-Cordero R. The use of complementary and traditional medicine for the treatment of patients with COVID-19: A systematic review. Explore (NY) 2023; 19:646-662. [PMID: 36828766 PMCID: PMC9941070 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the use and effectiveness of non-pharmacological therapies as part of the treatment of COVID-19 and its complications, either combined or not with the usual treatment. METHODS A systematic review was conducted between August and October 2021 using PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science databases. From a total of 204 articles identified, 33 were included in the final sample (15 clinical trials and 18 quasi-experimental studies). The methodological evaluation was carried out using STROBE and CONSORT guidelines. RESULTS There is a growing literature on the use of CAM for COVID-19. Most studies have shown positive findings, particularly for the use of TCM, other herbal therapies and acupuncture. Nevertheless, most studies were carried out in Asia and relied on quasi-experimental designs. The current evidence is available for physical outcomes (mortality rate, pneumonia resolution and other symptoms, negative PCR test, and hospitalization and ICU admissions) and for mental health outcomes. CONCLUSION Despite a positive role of CAM on COVID-19 outcomes, the evidence is still mostly based on quasi-experimental studies. More robust clinical trials are needed in order to generate better evidence in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Badanta
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, C/Avenzoar, 6, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso García
- Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Rocío de Diego-Cordero
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, C/Avenzoar, 6, Spain.
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Huang M, Liu YY, Xiong K, Yang FW, Jin XY, Wang ZQ, Zhang JH, Zhang BL. The role and advantage of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 21:407-412. [PMID: 37625946 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a massive impact on global social and economic development and human health. By combining traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with modern medicine, the Chinese government has protected public health by supporting all phases of COVID-19 prevention and treatment, including community prevention, clinical treatment, control of disease progression, and promotion of recovery. Modern medicine focuses on viruses, while TCM focuses on differential diagnosis of patterns associated with viral infection of the body and recommends the use of TCM decoctions for differential treatment. This differential diagnosis and treatment approach, with its profoundly empirical nature and holistic view, endows TCM with an accessibility advantage and high application value for dealing with COVID-19. Here, we summarize the advantage of and evidence for TCM use in COVID-19 prevention and treatment to draw attention to the scientific value and accessibility advantage of TCM and to promote the use of TCM in response to public health emergencies. Please cite this article as: Huang M, Liu YY, Xiong K, Yang FW, Jin XY, Wang ZQ, Zhang JH, Zhang BL. The role and advantage of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(5): 407-412.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yao-Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Feng-Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xin-Yao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jun-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Drug Administration Key Laboratory of Evidence-based Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301600, China
| | - Bo-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Traditional Chinese Medicine and COVID-19: Experiences, Lessons, and Suggestions. CHINESE MEDICINE AND CULTURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/mc9.0000000000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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9
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Ji X, Meng X, Zhu X, He Q, Cui Y. Research and development of Chinese anti-COVID-19 drugs. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4271-4286. [PMID: 36119967 PMCID: PMC9472487 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlighted the importance and urgency of the research and development of therapeutic drugs. Very early into the COVID-19 pandemic, China has begun developing drugs, with some notable progress. Herein, we summarizes the anti-COVID-19 drugs and promising drug candidates originally developed and researched in China. Furthermore, we discussed the developmental prospects, mechanisms of action, and advantages and disadvantages of the anti-COVID-19 drugs in development, with the aim to contribute to the rational use of drugs in COVID-19 treatment and more effective development of new drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the variants. Neutralizing antibody is an effective approach to overcome COVID-19. However, drug resistance induced by rapid virus mutation will likely to challenge neutralizing antibodies. Taking into account current epidemic trends, small molecule drugs have a crucial role in fighting COVID-19 due to their significant advantage of convenient administration and affordable and broad-spectrum. Traditional Chinese medicines, including natural products and traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions, contribute to the treatment of COVID-19 due to their unique mechanism of action. Currently, the research and development of Chinese anti-COVID-19 drugs have led to some promising achievements, thus prompting us to expect even more rapidly available solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwei Ji
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qingfeng He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yimin Cui
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Liu Y, Xia K, Liu S, Wang W, Li G. Ginseng as a Key Immune Response Modulator in Chinese Medicine: From Antipandemic History to COVID-19 Management. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 51:19-34. [PMID: 36419254 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine storm plays an indispensable role in the severe and critical illness and death of the COVID-19 vulnerable population. Thus, suppressing the cytokine storm is of great significance. Ginseng is a traditional Chinese herb originally used for improving physiological conditions and ameliorating disease. Common throughout the history of ancient Chinese medicine is utilizing ginseng as a major ingredient to successfully fight various pandemics, and the most famous decoction is Renshen Baidu powder. In recent years, ginseng has been observed to provide preventive and therapeutic benefits in the treatment of various conditions by suppressing hyper-inflammation, inhibiting virus intrusion, and balancing the host's immunity. This paper summarizes the ancient Chinese medicine books' recordings of, the clinical practice of, and the laboratory exploration of ginseng for the treatment of pandemics and COVID-19. Ginseng and its active ingredients were found to downregulate inflammatory cytokines, upregulate anti-inflammatory cytokines, stimulate the secretion of the antiviral cytokine IFN-[Formula: see text], prevent viral entry and replication, and improve viral clearance. Furthermore, ginseng modulates both natural and acquired immunity during viral infection. Collectively, we propose that ginseng can act as a key immune response modulator against the cytokine storm of COVID-19. This paper may provide a new approach to discover specific medications using ginseng to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Kun Xia
- Department of Respiratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Shixu Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Guangxi Li
- Department of Respiratory, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
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Zhu H, Li M, Tian C, Lai H, Zhang Y, Shi J, Shi N, Zhao H, Yang K, Shang H, Sun X, Liu J, Ge L, Huang L. Efficacy and safety of chinese herbal medicine for treating mild or moderate COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:988237. [PMID: 36160412 PMCID: PMC9504662 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.988237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a pandemic globally, about 80% of patients infected with COVID-19 were mild and moderate. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has played a positive role in the treatment of COVID-19, with a certain number of primary studies focused on CHM in managing COVID-19 published. This study aims to systematically review the currently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OBs), and summarize the effectiveness and safety of CHM in the treatment of mild/moderate COVID-19 patients. Methods: We searched 9 databases up to 19 March 2022. Pairs of reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. For overall effect, we calculated the absolute risk difference (ARD) of weighted averages of different estimates, and certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) system. Results: We included 35 RCTs and 24 OBs enrolling 16,580 mild/moderate patients. The certainty of evidence was very low to low. Compared with usual supportive treatments, most effect estimates of CHM treatments were consistent in direction. CHMs presented significant benefits in reducing rate of conversion to severe cases (ARD = 99 less per 1000 patients in RCTs and 131 less per 1000 patients in OBs, baseline risk: 16.52%) and mortality (ARD = 3 less per 1000 patients in RCTs and OBs, baseline risk: 0.40%); shortening time to symptom resolution (3.35 days in RCTs and 2.94 days in OBs), length of hospital stay (2.36 days in RCTs and 2.12 days in OBs) and time to viral clearance (2.64 days in RCTs and 4.46 days in OBs); increasing rate of nucleic acid conversion (ARD = 73 more per 1000 patients in OBs, baseline risk: 16.30%). No serious adverse reactions were found and the differences between CHM and usual supportive care were insignificant. Conclusion: Encouraging evidence showed that CHMs were beneficial in treating mild or moderate patients. CHMs have been proved to possess a safety profile that is comparable to that of usual supportive treatment alone. More rigorously designed clinical trials and mechanism studies are still warranted to further confirm the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Zhu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Centre, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Centre, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Tian
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Centre, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Honghao Lai
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Centre, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- CEBIM (Center for Evidence Based Integrative Medicine)-Clarity Collaboration, Guang’ Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Nottingham Ningbo GRADE Center, The University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaheng Shi
- China Center for Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Emergency, Guang’ Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Shi
- China Center for Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- China Center for Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kehu Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongcai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Sun, ; Jie Liu, ; Long Ge, ; Luqi Huang,
| | - Jie Liu
- China Center for Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Oncology, Guang’ Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Sun, ; Jie Liu, ; Long Ge, ; Luqi Huang,
| | - Long Ge
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Evidence Based Social Science Research Centre, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- WHO Collaborating Center for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Knowledge Translation of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Sun, ; Jie Liu, ; Long Ge, ; Luqi Huang,
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Center for Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Sun, ; Jie Liu, ; Long Ge, ; Luqi Huang,
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Liu Y, Chen X, Wang H, Yao C, Gou X, Gao Z, Sun L, Liu D, Tang C, Wei Y, Ding Q, Yang H, Lin J, Chen K, Chen J, Zhao L, Li M, Han L, Wang J, Ren J, Zhang Y. Effectiveness and safety analysis of SanHanHuaShi granules for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019: Study protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomized, parallel-controlled, open-label clinical trial. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:936925. [PMID: 36052134 PMCID: PMC9425051 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.936925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a global pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). As of July 2, 2022, COVID-19 has caused more than 545 million infections and 6.3 million deaths worldwide, posing a significant threat to human health. Currently, there is still a lack of effective prevention and control strategies for the variation and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has a unique theoretical system, has treated various conditions for thousands of years. Importantly, recent studies have revealed that TCM contributed significantly to COVID-19. SanHanHuaShi (SHHS) granules, a Chinese herbal medicine, which has been included in Protocol for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (6th to 9th editions) issued by the National Health Commission of China and used to prevent and treat COVID-19 disease. A previous retrospective cohort study showed that SHHS could significantly reduce the severity of mild and moderate COVID-19. However, there is an absence of high-quality randomized controlled clinical studies to confirm the clinical effectiveness of SHHS. Therefore, a clinical study protocol and a statistical analysis plan were designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of SHHS for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. This study will increase the integrity and data transparency of the clinical research process, which is of great significance for improving the practical application of SHHS granules in the future. Methods and analysis: The study was designed as a 7-day, randomized, parallel controlled, open-label, noninferiority clinical trial of positive drugs. A total of 240 patients with mild and moderate COVID-19 will be enrolled and randomly assigned to receive SanHanHuaShi granules or LianHuaQingWen granules treatment in a 1:1 ratio. Disease classification, vital signs, SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing, symptoms, medications, adverse events, and safety evaluations will be recorded at each visit. The primary outcome will be the clinical symptom recovery rate. Secondary outcomes will include the recovery time of clinical symptoms, negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test negative conversion rate, hospitalization time, antipyretic time, rate of conversion to severe patients, and time and rate of single symptom recovery. Adverse incidents and safety assessments will be documented. All data will be analyzed using a predetermined statistical analysis plan, including our method for imputation of missing data, primary and secondary outcome analyses, and safety outcomes. Discussion: The results of this study will provide robust evidence to confirm the effectiveness and safety of SHHS in the treatment of COVID-19. Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.chictr.org.cn. Trial number: ChiCTR2200058080. Registered on 29 March 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongan Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chensi Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Gou
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyou Ding
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaran Lin
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Keyu Chen
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Guang’anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital of China, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wang, ; Jixiang Ren, ; Ying Zhang,
| | - Jixiang Ren
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wang, ; Jixiang Ren, ; Ying Zhang,
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Wang, ; Jixiang Ren, ; Ying Zhang,
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Zheng Y, Cheng J, Gu C, Xiao M, Shao Z, Zhao L, Tong X. Case report: Treatment with Pien-Tze-Huang for prolonged positive SARS-CoV-2 test results in COVID-19 patients: A report of five cases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:860681. [PMID: 36017009 PMCID: PMC9396371 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.860681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread around the world since December 2019, becoming a global pandemic. Atypical cases of COVID-19, manifesting as prolonged positive SARS-CoV-2 test results during the convalescence period, have been encountered. These cases increase the difficulty of COVID-19 prevention and treatment. Here, we report five cases of COVID-19 patients who demonstrated prolonged positive SARS-CoV-2 tests after regular traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine treatments. After administration of Pien-Tze-Huang and cessation of previous treatments, SARS-CoV-2 tests results of the patients turned and remained negative. We believe the finding will contribute to a better understanding of atypical COVID-19 cases and hope to offer a potential therapy. Since this is a preliminary case series, larger-scale clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengjuan Gu
- Shenzhen Hospital (Futian), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingzhong Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuoyu Shao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hepatic Disease Institute, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linhua Zhao
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiaolin Tong
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Zhang L, Ma Y, Shi N, Tong L, Liu S, Ji X, Chen R, Fan Y, Liang N, Ge Y, Gao H, Chen G, Wang W, Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang Y. Effect of Qingfei Paidu decoction combined with Western medicine treatments for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154166. [PMID: 35636170 PMCID: PMC9107386 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Qingfei Paidu decoction (QFPDD) showed to be beneficial for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. PURPOSE This study aimed to systematically assemble the evidence on the efficacy and safety of QFPDD combined with Western medicine treatments (WMT) for COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CSTJ, CBM, Wanfang Data for clinical trials with a control arm until January 13, 2022. Studies matched the selection criteria were included. Data extraction and quality assessment of the included studies were independently conducted by two reviewers. Review Manager 5.4 was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 9 trials including 1108 COVID-19 patients met the selection criteria. Meta-analysis demonstrated that QFPDD combined with WMT reduced aggravation rate (AR) by 71% [risk ratio (RR) = 0.29, 95% confidence intervals (CI) (0.17, 0.51)], increased effective rate (ER) by 13% [RR = 1.13, 95%CI (1.04, 1.22)], shortened 4.78 days of viral shedding [95%CI (-5.79, -3.77)] and 4.45 days of hospital stay [95%CI (-6.05, -2.86)], also decreased the incidence of adverse events (AE) by 56% [RR = 0.44, 95%CI (0.22, 0.89)]. CONCLUSION QFPDD combined with WMT might reduce the proportion of severe cases and the incidence of AE, shorten the duration of viral shedding and length of hospital stay. More randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are required to confirm our findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Nannan Shi
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lin Tong
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Sihong Liu
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xinyu Ji
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Renbo Chen
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yipin Fan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Youwen Ge
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongjie Gao
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guangkun Chen
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Wang
- President's Office, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huamin Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yanping Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yongyan Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Yao C, Yang Y, Tong X. The role of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:115-118. [PMID: 35862511 PMCID: PMC9274758 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chensi Yao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cui XR, Guo YH, Liu QQ. Cangma Huadu granules, a new drug with great potential to treat coronavirus and influenza infections, exert its efficacy through anti-inflammatory and immune regulation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 287:114965. [PMID: 34990767 PMCID: PMC8723765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Coronavirus and influenza virus infection seriously threaten human health. Cangma Huadu Granules (CMHD) is an in-hospital preparation composed of eight traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), which has been clinically used against COVID-19 in China and may be a promising candidate for the treatment of influenza. However, the role of its treatment urgently needs to be studied. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the therapeutic effects of CMHD on pneumonia induced by coronavirus (HCoV-229E) and influenza A virus (H1N1/FM1) in mice and explore its mechanism of anti-infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were infected with HCoV-229E or H1N1/FM1 virus through the nasal cavity. CMHD (12.1, 6.05 and 3.03 g/kg/d) or the positive control drugs were administered intragastrically. The lung index and histopathological changes were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of CMHD. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-4 in Serum and the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were detected to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and immune regulation effects of CMHD, respectively. Furthermore, the levels of p-NF-κBp65/ NF-κB p65, which was the key targets of the NF-κB pathway was analyzed. RESULTS In HCoV-229E-induced pneumonia, the lung index was markedly reduced, and lung pathology was improved in mice that treated with CMHD (12.1, 6.05 g/kg/d). Meanwhile, the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 were obviously inhibited, but the expression of IL-4 was significantly increased in CMHD groups. Compared with the model group, CMHD could also markedly upregulate the level of CD4+ and CD8+. Furthermore, CMHD has a markedly effect on inhibit the expression of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 in the lung. In H1N1-induced pneumonia, the lung index of mice in the CMHD (12.1 g/kg/d) treatment group was lower than that in the model group, and less inflammatory infiltration could be seen in the lung pathological. Moreover, CMHD could also obviously decrease the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, but significantly increase the expression of IL-4. Except for that, CMHD could also markedly downregulate the level of CD4+ and upregulate the level of CD8+ compared with the model group. In addition, CMHD has a markedly effect on inhibit the expression of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 in the lung. CONCLUSION CMHD can significantly combats viral infections caused by HCoV-229E and H1N1, and the mechanism may be related to its multiple functions of anti-inflammatory, immunity regulating and inhibiting NF-κB signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ran Cui
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Guo
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Quan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China; Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
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17
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Ma Q, Lei B, Chen R, Liu B, Lu W, Jiang H, Chen Z, Guo X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Chen Q, Li X, Yang Z. Liushen Capsules, a promising clinical candidate for COVID-19, alleviates SARS-CoV-2-induced pulmonary in vivo and inhibits the proliferation of the variant virus strains in vitro. Chin Med 2022; 17:40. [PMID: 35365215 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00598-4] [citation(s)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a global pandemic and has devastating effects around the world, however, there are no specific antiviral drugs and vaccines for the constant mutation of SARS-CoV-2. PURPOSE In this study, we evaluted the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities of Liushen Capsules (LS) on different novel coronavirus in vitro, studied its therapeutic effects on novel SARS-CoV-2 infected mice and observed the LS's clinical efficacy and safety in COVID-19. METHODS The antiviral and aiti-inflammatory effects of LS on the 501Y.V2/B.1.35 and G/478K.V1/ B.1.617.2 strains were determined in vitro. A hACE2 mouse model of novel SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia was established. Survival rates, histological changes, inflammatory markers, lung virus titers and the expression of the key proteins in the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway was detected by western blotting and immumohistochemical staining in the lungs were measured. Subsequently, the disease duration, prognosis of disease, time of negative nucleic acid and the cytokines levels in serum were used to assess the efficacy of treatment with LS in patients. RESULTS The results showed that LS (2, 1, 0.5 μg/mL) could significantly inhibit the replication of the two SARS-CoV-2 variants and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, CCL-5, MIP-1α, IL-1α) induced by the virus in vitro. As for the survival experiment in mice, the survival rate of virus group was 20%, while LS-treatment groups (40, 80, 160 mg/kg) could increase the survival rate to 60, 100 and 100%, respectively. LS (40, 80, 160 mg/kg) could significantly decrease the lung titers in mice and it could improve the pathological changes, inhibit the excessive inflammatory mediators (IFN-α, IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1) and the protein expression of p-NF-κB p65 in mice. Moreover, LS could significantly decrease SARS-CoV-2-induced activation of p-NF-κB p65, p-IκBα, and p-p38 MAPK and increase the protein expression of the IκBα. In addition, the patient got complete relief of symptoms after being treated with LS for 6 days and was proven with negative PCR test after being treated for 23 days. Finally, treatment with LS could reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, PDGF-AA/BB, Eotaxin, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, GRO, CCL-5, MCP-3, IP-10, IL-1α). CONCLUSION LS effectively alleviated novel SARS-CoV-2 or variants induced pneumonia in vitro and in vivo, and improved the prognosis of COVID-19. In light of the efficacy and safety profiles, LS could be considered for the treatment of COVID-19 with a broad-spectrum antiviral and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencong Lu
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Technology Centre, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiaoyan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Technology Centre, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Ma Q, Lei B, Chen R, Liu B, Lu W, Jiang H, Chen Z, Guo X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Chen Q, Li X, Yang Z. Liushen Capsules, a promising clinical candidate for COVID-19, alleviates SARS-CoV-2-induced pulmonary in vivo and inhibits the proliferation of the variant virus strains in vitro. Chin Med 2022; 17:40. [PMID: 35365215 PMCID: PMC8972667 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a global pandemic and has devastating effects around the world, however, there are no specific antiviral drugs and vaccines for the constant mutation of SARS-CoV-2. PURPOSE In this study, we evaluted the antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities of Liushen Capsules (LS) on different novel coronavirus in vitro, studied its therapeutic effects on novel SARS-CoV-2 infected mice and observed the LS's clinical efficacy and safety in COVID-19. METHODS The antiviral and aiti-inflammatory effects of LS on the 501Y.V2/B.1.35 and G/478K.V1/ B.1.617.2 strains were determined in vitro. A hACE2 mouse model of novel SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia was established. Survival rates, histological changes, inflammatory markers, lung virus titers and the expression of the key proteins in the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway was detected by western blotting and immumohistochemical staining in the lungs were measured. Subsequently, the disease duration, prognosis of disease, time of negative nucleic acid and the cytokines levels in serum were used to assess the efficacy of treatment with LS in patients. RESULTS The results showed that LS (2, 1, 0.5 μg/mL) could significantly inhibit the replication of the two SARS-CoV-2 variants and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, CCL-5, MIP-1α, IL-1α) induced by the virus in vitro. As for the survival experiment in mice, the survival rate of virus group was 20%, while LS-treatment groups (40, 80, 160 mg/kg) could increase the survival rate to 60, 100 and 100%, respectively. LS (40, 80, 160 mg/kg) could significantly decrease the lung titers in mice and it could improve the pathological changes, inhibit the excessive inflammatory mediators (IFN-α, IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1) and the protein expression of p-NF-κB p65 in mice. Moreover, LS could significantly decrease SARS-CoV-2-induced activation of p-NF-κB p65, p-IκBα, and p-p38 MAPK and increase the protein expression of the IκBα. In addition, the patient got complete relief of symptoms after being treated with LS for 6 days and was proven with negative PCR test after being treated for 23 days. Finally, treatment with LS could reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, PDGF-AA/BB, Eotaxin, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, GRO, CCL-5, MCP-3, IP-10, IL-1α). CONCLUSION LS effectively alleviated novel SARS-CoV-2 or variants induced pneumonia in vitro and in vivo, and improved the prognosis of COVID-19. In light of the efficacy and safety profiles, LS could be considered for the treatment of COVID-19 with a broad-spectrum antiviral and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinhai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencong Lu
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Technology Centre, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiaoyan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Technology Centre, Guangzhou Customs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li M, Feng S, Li X, Gao Z, Yang Y, Tong X. Timely Treatment and Higher Compliance to Traditional Chinese Medicine: New Influencing Factors for Reducing Severe COVID-19 based on Retrospective Cohorts in 2020 and 2021. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106174. [PMID: 35288309 PMCID: PMC8915454 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective From the beginning of 2020, our study team formulated a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription named Sanhanhuashi formula (SHHS) to treat COVID-19 patients. Then we conducted several studies to explore the effectiveness of SHHS formula and other influencing factors on prognosis of disease. The purpose of this study was to describe the trends of patients’ characters from 2020 to 2021 based on two separate cohorts, and to explore the influencing factors on incidence of severe COVID-19 conditions, especially the contributions of timely treatment and higher compliance to SHHS formula. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Wuhan, Hubei province and Tonghua, Jilin province. Participants were hospitalized mild to moderate COVID-19 consecutive enrolled patients in Wuhan hospital of traditional Chinese and western medicine (from Feb 13, 2020 to March 8, 2020) and Tonghua central hospital (from Jan 17, 2021 to Feb 5, 2021). Age, sex, time waiting to be hospitalized, medical history, initial symptoms, concomitant medication, and severity of disease were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the associations between various exposures and the outcome, ie. the proportion of patients who were converted to severe status. E-values and its lower control limit (LCL) were calculated for sensitivity analysis. Results Totally, 176 COVID-19 patients in two hospitals were enrolled. 81 patients were from Wuhan hospital of traditional Chinese and western medicine and 95 from Tonghua central hospital. 42 patients used SHHS formula arrival or exceed 7 days, and 2 (4.8%) progressed to severe condition. Among 134 patients who were exposed SHHS less than 7 days, 18 (13.4%) were converted to severe situation. Compared with those diagnosed in 2020, cases in 2021 were characterized as lower rates of initial symptoms (88.9% vs 35.8%, P < 0.001) and concomitant medications ever widely used, eg. antiviral medicine (71.6% vs 43.2%, P < 0.001), antibiotics (61.7% vs 13.7%, P < 0.001) and Chinese patent medicine (76.5% vs 44.2%, P < 0.001). They also waited less time for hospitalization (median: 12 vs 2 days, P < 0.001). The final multivariate logistic regression model showed that age (> 60 yrs) (OR: 3.943; 95% CI: 1.402–11.086; P = 0.009; E-value = 7.35, LCL:2.15), diagnosis year (OR: 0.165; 95% CI: 0.050–0.551; P = 0.003; E-value=11.6, LCL: 3.03) and SHHS exposure (OR: 0.118; 95% CI: 0.014–0.992; P = 0.049; E-value = 16.43, LCL:1.1) were independent risk factors for predicting severe status. Conclusions The profile of COVID-19 patients has changed after one year. In addition to age, diagnosis year and SHHS exposure are two new factors to predict the prognosis of disease. The patients diagnosed in 2021 were mainly benefited from timely treatment. Subsequently, adhere to use SHHS formula a quite longer time reduced the number of severe cases. Therefore, both the current epidemic prevention and control measures and increasing compliance to traditional Chinese medicine are effective ways to reducing severe cases and improving public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing100029, China.
| | - Yangyang Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 1478 Gongnong Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Tonghua Central Hospital, Tonghua 134099, China.
| | - Shaohua Feng
- Tonghua Central Hospital, Tonghua 134099, China.
| | - Xiuyang Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
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20
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Kang X, Jin D, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, An X, Duan L, Yang C, Zhou R, Duan Y, Sun Y, Lian F. Efficacy and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19: a systematic review. Chin Med 2022; 17:30. [PMID: 35227280 PMCID: PMC8883015 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00587-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has made an important contribution to the prevention and control of the epidemic. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and explore the mechanisms of TCM for COVID-19. We systematically searched 7 databases from their inception up to July 21, 2021, to distinguish randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies (CSs), and case–control studies (CCSs) of TCM for COVID-19. Two reviewers independently completed the screening of literature, extraction of data, and quality assessment of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software. Eventually, 29 RCTs involving 3060 patients and 28 retrospective studies (RSs) involving 12,460 patients were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that TCM could decrease the proportion of patients progressing to severe cases by 55% and the mortality rate of severe or critical patients by 49%. Moreover, TCM could relieve clinical symptoms, curtail the length of hospital stay, improve laboratory indicators, and so on. In addition, we consulted the literature and obtained 149 components of Chinese medicinal herbs that could stably bind to antiviral targets or anti-inflammatory or immune-regulating targets by the prediction of molecular docking. It suggested that the mechanisms involved anti-virus, anti-inflammation, and regulation of immunity. Our study made a systematic review on the efficacy of TCM for COVID-19 and discussed the possible mechanisms, which provided clinical reference and theoretical basis for further research on the mechanism of TCM for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Kang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuedong An
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyun Duan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cunqing Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Duan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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21
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Guo DA, Yao CL, Wei WL, Zhang JQ, Bi QR, Li JY, Khan I, Bauer R. Traditional Chinese medicines against COVID-19: A global overview. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.353502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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22
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Xing D, Liu Z. Effectiveness and Safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating COVID-19: Clinical Evidence from China. Aging Dis 2021; 12:1850-1856. [PMID: 34881072 PMCID: PMC8612612 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When the outbreak of COVID-19 occurred in 2020, the Chinese government promptly undertook a series of preventive control and medical treatment measures that have effectively reduced the infection and mortality rates of COVID-19. In the process of preventing COVID-19 transmission and treating COVID-19, the Chinese government actively promotes the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and a series of studies have been carried out to determine the efficacy of TCM for COVID-19. Chinese physicians have accumulated rich experiences and created three Chinese patent medicines (i.e., Lianhua Qingwen Capsule, Jinhua Qinggan Granules, and Xuebijing Injection) and three herbal prescriptions (i.e., Xuanfeibaidu Recipe, Huashi Paidu Recipe, and Qingfei Paidu Decoction), as well as other strategies based on TCM theory to effectively treat COVID-19. Studies have reported that TCM treatment plays a significant role in improving the clinical symptoms, shortening the duration of hospitalization, reducing the overall mortality rate, obtaining favorable treatment outcomes in patients with severe COVID-19, preventing disease progression, improving quality of life and immunity, and reducing the positive rate of viral nucleic acid testing. TCM treatment has a fairly high degree of safety, but the level of evidence needs to be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xing
- 1Department of Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- 2Department of AIDS Treatment and Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.,3Henan Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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23
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Bao J, Xie Z, Liu S, Huang L, Sun J, Tang Y, Chen H, Qi J, Guo J, Miao L, Li Z, Yang H, Zhang Y, Li Z, Xu Y, Lin S, Xun Y, Zhang L, Bao J, Cai Z, Huang J, Wen C. Treatment Effects of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Treatment Scheme on COVID-19: A Single-armed Clinical Trial. CLINICAL COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 1:100009. [PMID: 38620955 PMCID: PMC8590636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccmp.2021.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Backgroud The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought unprecedented perils to human health and raised public health concerns in more than two hundred countries. Safe and effective treatment scheme is needed urgently. Objective To evaluate the effects of integratedTCM and western medicine treatment scheme on COVID-19. Methods A single-armed clinical trial was carried out in Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, an affiliated hospital with Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. 102 confirmed cases were screened out from 725 suspected cases and 93 of them were treated with integrated TCM and western medicine treatment scheme. Results 83 cases were cured, 5 cases deteriorated, and 5 cases withdrew from the study. No deaths were reported. The mean relief time of fever, cough, diarrhea, and fatigue were (4.78 ± 4.61) days, (7.22 ± 4.99) days, (5.28 ± 3.39) days, and (5.28 ± 3.39) days, respectively. It took (14.84 ± 5.50) days for SARS-CoV-2 by nucleic acid amplification-based testing to turn negative. Multivariable cox regression analysis revealed that age, BMI, PISCT, BPC, AST, CK, BS, and UPRO were independent risk factors for COVID-19 treatment. Conclusion Our study suggested that integrated TCM and western medicine treatment scheme was effective for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Bao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zhijun Xie
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Shourong Liu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jing Sun
- The Second Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, China
| | - Yujun Tang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Haiping Chen
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jianjiang Qi
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jianchun Guo
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Liangbin Miao
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Zhaoyi Li
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Shengyou Lin
- Guangxing Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China
| | - Yunhao Xun
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Guangxing Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Zhaobin Cai
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
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24
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Wang Y, Xu J, Wang Y, Hou H, Shi L, Yang H. Prevalence of comorbid tuberculosis amongst COVID-19 patients: A rapid review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14867. [PMID: 34670351 PMCID: PMC8646527 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- Department of ToxicologyHenan Center for Disease Control and PreventionZhengzhouChina
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hongjie Hou
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Li Shi
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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25
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Lyu M, Fan G, Xiao G, Wang T, Xu D, Gao J, Ge S, Li Q, Ma Y, Zhang H, Wang J, Cui Y, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Zhang B. Traditional Chinese medicine in COVID-19. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3337-3363. [PMID: 34567957 PMCID: PMC8450055 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread across the globe, posing an enormous threat to public health and safety. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in combination with Western medicine (WM), has made important and lasting contributions in the battle against COVID-19. In this review, updated clinical effects and potential mechanisms of TCM, presented in newly recognized three distinct phases of the disease, are summarized and discussed. By integrating the available clinical and preclinical evidence, the efficacies and underlying mechanisms of TCM on COVID-19, including the highly recommended three Chinese patent medicines and three Chinese medicine formulas, are described in a panorama. We hope that this comprehensive review not only provides a reference for health care professionals and the public to recognize the significant contributions of TCM for COVID-19, but also serves as an evidence-based in-depth summary and analysis to facilitate understanding the true scientific value of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Guangxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Taiyi Wang
- Oxford Chinese Medicine Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Dong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shaoqin Ge
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Qingling Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer, the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yuling Ma
- Oxford Chinese Medicine Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanlu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Boli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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26
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Li ZY, Xie ZJ, Li HC, Wang JJ, Wen XH, Wu SY, Chen J, Zhang JJ, Li L, Guo QQ, Liu QP, Lan H, Jiang YP, Li DM, Xu XF, Song SY, Zhang M, Fang S, Lai WD, Gao YN, Zhang FQ, Luo WQ, Lou Y, Chen W, Zhang XF, Wang KE, Zhou MQ, He YF, Xi AR, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Chen YL, Wen CP. Guidelines on the treatment with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine for severe coronavirus disease 2019. Pharmacol Res 2021; 174:105955. [PMID: 34715330 PMCID: PMC8553423 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by numerous complications, complex disease, and high mortality, making its treatment a top priority in the treatment of COVID-19. Integrated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine played an important role in the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of COVID-19 during the epidemic. However, currently there are no evidence-based guidelines for the integrated treatment of severe COVID-19 with TCM and western medicine. Therefore, it is important to develop an evidence-based guideline on the treatment of severe COVID-19 with integrated TCM and western medicine, in order to provide clinical guidance and decision basis for healthcare professionals, public health personnel, and scientific researchers involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of COVID-19 patients. We developed and completed the guideline by referring to the standardization process of the "WHO handbook for guideline development", the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system, and the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yu Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Xie
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Chang Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Jian Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Wen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shou-Yuan Wu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Lin Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Qiu-Ping Liu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lan
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Dian-Ming Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yue Song
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Fang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Lai
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ni Gao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Qi Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qing Luo
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Lou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Ke-Er Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yuan-Fang He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - An-Ran Xi
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Long Chen
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Lanzhou University Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou, China; Chinese GRADE Center, Lanzhou, China; Guideline International Network Asia, Lanzhou, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China.
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Wang J, Wu Q, Ding L, Song S, Li Y, Shi L, Wang T, Zhao D, Wang Z, Li X. Therapeutic Effects and Molecular Mechanisms of Bioactive Compounds Against Respiratory Diseases: Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory and High-Frequency Use. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:734450. [PMID: 34512360 PMCID: PMC8429615 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.734450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases, especially the pandemic of respiratory infectious diseases and refractory chronic lung diseases, remain a key clinical issue and research hot spot due to their high prevalence rates and poor prognosis. In this review, we aimed to summarize the recent advances in the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of key common bioactive compounds from Chinese herbal medicine. Based on the theories of traditional Chinese medicine related to lung diseases, we searched several electronic databases to determine the high-frequency Chinese medicines in clinical application. The active compounds and metabolites from the selected medicines were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) by analyzing oral bioavailability and drug similarity index. Then, the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of the selected bioactive compounds in the viral and bacterial infections, inflammation, acute lung injury (ALI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and lung cancer were summarized. We found that 31 bioactive compounds from the selected 10 common Chinese herbs, such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), kaempferol, isorhamnetin, quercetin, and β-sitosterol, can mainly regulate NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1, NLRP3, TGF-β/Smad, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways to inhibit infection, inflammation, extracellular matrix deposition, and tumor growth in a series of lung-related diseases. This review provides novel perspectives on the preclinical study and clinical application of Chinese herbal medicines and their bioactive compounds against respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Lu Ding
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu Song
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Li Shi
- Department of Respiratory, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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28
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Du X, Shi L, Cao W, Zuo B, Zhou A. Add-on effect of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256429. [PMID: 34415962 PMCID: PMC8378756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic since its outbreak in Wuhan, China. It is an urgent task to prevent and treat COVID-19 effectively early. In China's experience combating the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has played an indispensable role. A large number of epidemiological investigations have shown that mild to moderate COVID-19 accounts for the largest proportion of cases. It is of great importance to treat such COVID-19 cases, which can help control epidemic progression. Many trials have shown that CHM combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 was superior to conventional therapy alone. This review was designed to evaluate the add-on effect of CHM in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. METHODS Eight electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Clinical Trials.gov website, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database and China Biology Medicine (CBM) were searched from December 2019 to March 2021 without language restrictions. Two reviewers searched and selected studies, and extracted data according to inclusion and exclusion criteria independently. Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included RCTs. Review Manager 5.3.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Twelve eligible RCTs including 1393 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Our meta-analyses found that lung CT parameters [RR = 1.26, 95% CI (1.15, 1.38), P<0.00001] and the clinical cure rate [RR = 1.26, 95%CI (1.16, 1.38), P<0.00001] of CHM combined with conventional therapy in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 were better than those of conventional therapy. The rate of conversion to severe cases [RR = 0.48, 95%CI (0.32, 0.73), P = 0.0005], TCM symptom score of fever [MD = -0.62, 95%CI (-0.79, -0.45), P<0.00001], cough cases [RR = 1.43, 95%CI (1.16, 1.75), P = 0.0006], TCM symptom score of cough[MD = -1.07, 95%CI (-1.29, -0.85), P<0.00001], TCM symptom score of fatigue[MD = -0.66, 95%CI (-1.05, -0.28), P = 0.0007], and CRP[MD = -5.46, 95%CI (-8.19, -2.72), P<0.0001] of combination therapy was significantly lower than that of conventional therapy. The WBC count was significantly higher than that of conventional therapy[MD = 0.38, 95%CI (0.31, 0.44), P<0.00001]. Our meta-analysis results were robust through sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION Chinese herbal medicine combined with conventional therapy may be effective and safe in the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. More high-quality RCTs are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqin Du
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfu Cao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Zuo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular U nit, Traditional Chinese medicine hospital Dianjiang Chongqing, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Jiang F, Xu N, Zhou Y, Song J, Liu J, Zhu H, Jiang J, Xu Y, Li R. Contribution of traditional Chinese medicine combined with conventional western medicine treatment for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), current evidence with systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5992-6009. [PMID: 34256418 PMCID: PMC8441775 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study provides current evidence for efficacy and safety of treating COVID‐19 with combined traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and conventional western medicine (CWM). Six databases were searched from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case–control studies (CCTs), and cohort studies on TCM or TCM combined with CWM treatment for COVID‐19 were included. The quality of included RCTs was assessed by Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of cohort studies and CCTs. Review Manager 5.4 software was used to perform meta‐analysis. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A total of 35 studies (3,808 patients) composing 19 RCTs and 16 observational studies were included. The results of meta‐analysis revealed that comparing with CWM alone, integrated TCM and CWM had significant improvement in total effective rate, improvement rate of chest CT, the rate of disease progression, as well as improvement of fever, fatigue and cough. The overall quality of evidence was very low to moderate. In conclusion, TCM combined with CWM was a potential treatment option for increasing clinical effective rate, improving the clinical symptoms, and preventing disease progression in COVID‐19 patients. High‐quality clinical trials are required in the further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Nana Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanxi Zhou
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jinxing Song
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jinjuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihong Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Rongpeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province and School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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Feng J, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Gu C, Waqas A, Chen L. Emerging Exosomes and Exosomal MiRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703989. [PMID: 34307384 PMCID: PMC8299525 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious traumatic event to the spinal cord with considerable morbidity and mortality. This injury leads to short- and long-term variations in the spinal cord, and can have a serious effect on the patient's sensory, motor, or autonomic functions. Due to the complicated pathological process of SCI, there is currently no successful clinical treatment strategy. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a double-layer membrane structure of 30-150 nm diameter, have recently been considered as critical mediators for communication between cells and tissues by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Further studies verified that exosomes participate in the pathophysiological process of several diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, and could have a significant impact in their treatment. As natural carriers of biologically active cargos, exosomes have emerged as pathological mediators of SCI. In this review article, we critically discuss the functions of exosomes as intracellular mediators and potential treatments in SCI and provide an outlook on future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenyang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ahmed Waqas
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Sun QG, An XD, Xie P, Jiang B, Tian JX, Yang Q, Li XY, Luo M, Liu P, Zhao SH, Duan LY, Lang SP, Fan A, Luo PC, Lian FM, Huang XD, Tong XL. Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoctions Significantly Reduce the Mortality in Severe and Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:1063-1092. [PMID: 34107858 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease associated with high mortality, and traditional Chinese medicine decoctions (TCMDs) have been widely used for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 in China; however, the impact of these decoctions on severe and critical COVID-19-related mortality has not been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to address this gap. In this retrospective cohort study, we included inpatients diagnosed with severe/critical COVID-19 at the Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University and grouped them depending on the recipience of TCMDs (TCMD and non-TCMD groups). We conducted a propensity score-matched analysis to adjust the imbalanced variables and treatments and used logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Among 282 patients with COVID-19 who were discharged or died, 186 patients (66.0%) received TCMD treatment (TCMD cohort) and 96 (34.0%) did not (non-TCMD cohort). After propensity score matching at a 1:1 ratio, 94 TCMD users were matched to 94 non-users, and there were no significant differences in baseline clinical variables between the two groups of patients. The all-cause mortality was significantly lower in the TCMD group than in the non-TCMD group, and this trend remained valid even after matching (21.3% [20/94] vs. 39.4% [37/94]). Multivariable logistic regression model showed that disease severity (odds ratio: 0.010; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.037; [Formula: see text]¡ 0.001) was associated with increased odds of death and that TCMD treatment significantly decreased the odds of in-hospital death (odds ratio: 0.115; 95% CI: 0.035, 0.383; [Formula: see text]¡ 0.001), which was related to the duration of TCMD treatment. Our findings show that TCMD treatment may reduce the mortality in patients with severe/critical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Guo Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Dong An
- Department of Endocrine, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xing Tian
- Department of Endocrine, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Yang Li
- Department of Endocrine, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Drug clinical trial institution, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Hui Zhao
- Department of Endocrine, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Li-Yun Duan
- Department of Endocrine, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Su-Ping Lang
- Data center, GCP ClinPlus Co., Ltd., Beijing 100160, P R. China
| | - An Fan
- Data center, GCP ClinPlus Co., Ltd., Beijing 100160, P R. China
| | - Peng-Cheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Mei Lian
- Department of Endocrine, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Huang
- Department of Gastrology, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Department of Endocrine, Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, P. R. China
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Li T, Zeng H, Zeng Y, Zhang X, Ren Y, Gao Y, Huang Q, Tan J. Characterization of the bioactive compounds with efficacy against gout in Guizhi Shaoyao Zhimu Decoction by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS combined with network pharmacological analysis. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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The direct evidence and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111267. [PMID: 33508618 PMCID: PMC7836975 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third coronavirus causing serious human disease to spread across the world in the past 20 years, after SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome. As of mid-September 2020, more than 200 countries and territories have reported 30 million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, including 950,000 deaths. Supportive treatment remains the mainstay of therapy for COVID-19. The World Health Organization reported that four candidate drugs, including remdesivir, are ineffective or have little effect on COVID-19. According to China News, 90 % of Chinese patients with COVID-19 use traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with an effectiveness rate of 80 %, and no deterioration in patient condition. We have compiled the direct evidence of TCM treatment for COVID-19 as of December 31, 2020. We describe the advantages of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 based on clinical evidence and the required methods for its clinical use. TCM can inhibit virus replication and transcription, prevent the combination of SARS-CoV-2 and the host, and attenuate the cytokine storm and immune deficiency caused by the virus infection. The cooperation of many countries is required to establish international guidelines regarding the use of TCM in patients with severe COVID-19 from other regions and of different ethnicities. Studies on the psychological abnormalities in patients with COVID-19, and medical staff, is lacking; it is necessary to provide a complete chain of evidence to determine the efficacy of TCM in the related prevention, treatment, and recovery. This study aims to provide a reference for the rational use of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Shi MY, Sun SQ, Zhang W, Zhang X, Xu GH, Chen X, Su ZJ, Song XM, Liu LJ, Zhang YB, Zhang YL, Sun M, Chen Q, Xue Y, Lü H, Yuan WA, Chen XR, Lu YF. Early therapeutic interventions of traditional Chinese medicine in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:226-231. [PMID: 33583756 PMCID: PMC7832636 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the early interventions of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) on the conversion time of nucleic acid in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and find possible underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 300 confirmed COVID-19 patients who were treated with TCM, at a designated hospital in China. The patients were categorized into three groups: TCM1, TCM2 and TCM3, who respectively received TCM interventions within 7, 8-14, and greater than 15 days of hospitalization. Different indicators such as the conversion time of pharyngeal swab nucleic acid, the conversion time of fecal nucleic acid, length of hospital stay, and inflammatory markers (leukocyte count, and lymphocyte count and percentage) were analyzed to observe the impact of early TCM interventions on these groups. RESULTS The median conversion times of pharyngeal swab nucleic acid in the three groups were 5.5, 7 and 16 d (P < 0.001), with TCM1 and TCM2 being statistically different from TCM3 (P < 0.01). TCM1 (P < 0.05) and TCM3 (P < 0.01) were statistically different from TCM2. The median conversion times of fecal nucleic acid in the three groups were 7, 9 and 17 d (P < 0.001). Conversion times of fecal nucleic acid in TCM1 were statistically different from TCM3 and TCM2 (P < 0.01). The median lengths of hospital stay in the three groups were 13, 16 and 21 d (P < 0.001). TCM1 and TCM2 were statistically different from TCM3 (P < 0.01); TCM1 and TCM3 were statistically different from TCM2 (P < 0.01). Both leucocyte and lymphocyte counts increased gradually with an increase in the length of hospital stay in TCM1 group patients, with a statistically significant difference observed at each time point in the group (P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences in lymphocyte count and percentage in TCM2 (P < 0.001), and in leucocyte count (P = 0.043) and lymphocyte count (P = 0.038) in TCM3 were observed. The comparison among the three groups showed a statistically significant difference in lymphocyte percentage on the third day of admission (P = 0.044). CONCLUSION In this study, it was observed that in COVID-19 patients treated with a combination of Chinese and Western medicines, TCM intervention earlier in the hospital stay correlated with faster conversion time of pharyngeal swab and fecal nucleic acid, as well as shorter length of hospital stay, thus helping promote faster recovery of the patient. The underlying mechanism of action may be related to improving inflammation in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Yan Shi
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shi-Qi Sun
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Gui-Hua Xu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zi-Jian Su
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Song
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lu-Jiong Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-Bao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi-le Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua Lü
- Center for Clinical Effect Evaluation, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei-An Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Rong Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yun-Fei Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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Zheng Y, Jin D, Lin J, Zhang Y, Tian J, Lian F, Tong X. Understanding COVID-19 in Wuhan From the Perspective of Cold-Dampness: Clinical Evidences and Mechanisms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:617659. [PMID: 33693014 PMCID: PMC7939017 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.617659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played a significant role in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan City. During the epidemic, Academician Tong Xiaolin suggested a close association of COVID-19 with cold-dampness, an etiological factor in TCM, by summarizing the characteristics of the COVID-19 patients in Wuhan. and the theory of Cold-dampness Plague was proposed. Based on the Cold-dampness Plague theory, a series of TCM drugs, such as Huoxiang Zhengqi Dropping Pills, Lianhua Qingwen Granules Hanshiyi Formula, and Tongzhi Granule were developed for the different stages, namely mild, moderate, severe, recovery, of the COVID-19. In addition, clinical evidences were obtained through randomized clinical trials or retrospective cohort studies. The Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mechanism of the TCM prescriptions were then summarized from the four aspects: targeting the ACE2 and 3CLPro, targeting cytokines, targeting acute immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, and targeting pulmonary fibrosis. Despite the clinical efficacy and therapeutic pharmacology speculation, more studies such as large-scale randomized clinical trials, cell and animal experiments are needed to further verify the theory of the Cold-dampness Plague in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaran Lin
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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