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Rahnama M, Heidari M, Poursalehi Z, Golchin A. Global Trends of Exosomes Application in Clinical Trials: A Scoping Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024:10.1007/s12015-024-10791-7. [PMID: 39340738 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10791-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, have emerged as a promising tool for the diagnosis and treatment of various intractable diseases, including chronic wounds and cancers. As our understanding of exosomes continues to grow, their potential as a powerful therapeutic modality in medicine is also expanding. This systematic review aims to examine the progress of exosome-based clinical trials and provide a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic perspectives of exosomes. METHODS This systematic review strictly follows PRISMA guidelines and has been registered in PROSPERO, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. It encompasses articles from January 2000 to January 2023, sourced from bibliographic databases, with targeted search terms targeting exosome applications in clinical trials. During the screening process, strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, including a focus on clinical trials utilizing different cell-derived exosomes for therapeutic purposes. RESULTS Among the 522 publications initially identified, only 10 studies met the stringent eligibility criteria after meticulous screening. The selection process involved systematically excluding duplicates and irrelevant articles to provide a transparent overview. CONCLUSION According to our systematic review, exosomes have promising applications in a variety of medical fields, including cell-free therapies and drug delivery systems for treating a variety of diseases, especially cancers and chronic wounds. To ensure safety, potency, and broader clinical applications, further optimization of exosome extraction, loading, targeting, and administration is necessary. While cell-based therapeutics are increasingly utilizing exosomes, this field is still in its infancy, and ongoing clinical trials will provide valuable insights into the clinical utility of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahnama
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zahra Poursalehi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Golchin
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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2
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Giannino G, Nocera L, Andolfatto M, Braia V, Giacobbe F, Bruno F, Saglietto A, Angelini F, De Filippo O, D'Ascenzo F, De Ferrari GM, Dusi V. Vagal nerve stimulation in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: from bench to bedside. Bioelectron Med 2024; 10:22. [PMID: 39267134 PMCID: PMC11395864 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-024-00153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of acute cardioprotective strategies against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury that can be applied in the catheterization room is currently an unmet clinical need and several interventions evaluated in the past at the pre-clinical level have failed in translation. Autonomic imbalance, sustained by an abnormal afferent signalling, is a key component of I/R injury. Accordingly, there is a strong rationale for neuromodulation strategies, aimed at reducing sympathetic activity and/or increasing vagal tone, in this setting. In this review we focus on cervical vagal nerve stimulation (cVNS) and on transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS); the latest has the potential to overcome several of the issues of invasive cVNS, including the possibility of being used in an acute setting, while retaining its beneficial effects. First, we discuss the pathophysiology of I/R injury, that is mostly a consequence of the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Second, we describe the functional anatomy of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system and the most relevant principles of bioelectronic medicine applied to electrical vagal modulation, with a particular focus on taVNS. Then, we provide a detailed and comprehensive summary of the most relevant pre-clinical studies of invasive and non-invasive VNS that support its strong cardioprotective effect whenever there is an acute or chronic cardiac injury and specifically in the setting of myocardial I/R injury. The potential benefit in the emerging field of post cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) is also mentioned. Indeed, electrical cVNS has a strong anti-adrenergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic effect; most of the involved molecular pathways were already directly confirmed to take place at the cardiac level for taVNS. Pre-clinical data clearly show that the sooner VNS is applied, the better the outcome, with the possibility of a marked infarct size reduction and almost complete left ventricular reverse remodelling when VNS is applied immediately before and during reperfusion. Finally, we describe in detail the limited but very promising clinical experience of taVNS in I/R injury available so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Giannino
- Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, 'Città della Salute e della Scienza' Hospital, Corso Bramante 88, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Nocera
- Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, 'Città della Salute e della Scienza' Hospital, Corso Bramante 88, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Maria Andolfatto
- Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, 'Città della Salute e della Scienza' Hospital, Corso Bramante 88, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Valentina Braia
- Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, 'Città della Salute e della Scienza' Hospital, Corso Bramante 88, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Federico Giacobbe
- Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, 'Città della Salute e della Scienza' Hospital, Corso Bramante 88, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Francesco Bruno
- Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Saglietto
- Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Filippo Angelini
- Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Ovidio De Filippo
- Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio D'Ascenzo
- Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, 'Città della Salute e della Scienza' Hospital, Corso Bramante 88, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Gaetano Maria De Ferrari
- Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, 'Città della Salute e della Scienza' Hospital, Corso Bramante 88, Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Veronica Dusi
- Cardiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular and Thoracic Department, 'Città della Salute e della Scienza' Hospital, Corso Bramante 88, Turin, 10126, Italy.
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3
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Yan H, Ding H, Xie RX, Liu ZQ, Yang XQ, Xie LL, Liu CX, Liu XD, Chen LY, Huang XP. Research progress of exosomes from different sources in myocardial ischemia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1436764. [PMID: 39350967 PMCID: PMC11440518 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1436764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease refers to the imbalance between the supply and demand of myocardial blood; it has various causes and results in a class of clinical diseases characterized by myocardial ischemia (MI). In recent years, the incidence of cardiovascular disease has become higher and higher, and the number of patients with ischemic heart disease has also increased year by year. Traditional treatment methods include drug therapy and surgical treatment, both of which have limitations. The former maybe develop risks of drug resistance and has more significant side effects, while the latter may damage blood vessels and risk infection. At this stage, a new cell-free treatment method needs to be explored. Many research results have shown that exosomes from different cell sources can protect the ischemic myocardium via intercellular action methods, such as promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis and pyroptosis, and providing a new basis for the treatment of MI. In this review, we briefly introduce the formation and consequences of myocardial ischemia and the biology of exosomes, and then focus on the role and mechanism of exosomes from different sources in MI. We also discuss the role and mechanism of exosomes pretreated with Chinese and Western medicines on myocardial ischemia. We also discuss the potential of exosomes as diagnostic markers and therapeutic drug for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Huang Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ruo-Xi Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Li Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Cai-Xia Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Yuan Chen
- Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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4
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Kreiner P, Eggenhofer E, Schneider L, Rejas C, Goetz M, Bogovic N, Brunner SM, Evert K, Schlitt HJ, Geissler EK, Junger H. Extrahepatic Bile Duct Organoids as a Model to Study Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury During Liver Transplantation. Transpl Int 2024; 37:13212. [PMID: 39323909 PMCID: PMC11422091 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Biliary complications are still a major cause for morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (LT). Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) leads to disruption of the biliary epithelium. We introduce a novel model to study the effect of IRI on human cholangiocytes using extrahepatic cholangiocyte organoids (ECOs). Extrahepatic bile duct tissue was collected during LT at static cold storage and after reperfusion (n = 15); gallbladder tissue was used for controls (n = 5). ECOs (n = 9) were cultured from extrahepatic biliary tissue, with IRI induced in an atmosphere of 95% air (nitrogen), 1% O2 and 5% CO2for 48 h, followed by 24 h of reoxygenation. Qualitative and quantitative histology and qRT-PCR were performed to discern phenotype, markers of hypoxia, programmed cell death and proliferation. ECOs self-organized into circular structures resembling biliary architecture containing cholangiocytes that expressed EpCAM, CK19, LGR5 and SOX-9. After hypoxia, ECOs showed increased expression of VEGF A (p < 0.0001), SLC2A1 (p < 0.0001) and ACSL4 (p < 0.0001) to indicate response to hypoxic damage and subsequent programmed cell death. Increase in cyclin D1 (p < 0.0001) after reoxygenation indicated proliferative activity in ECOs. Therefore, ECO structure and response to IRI are comparable to that found in-vivo, providing a suitable model to study IRI of the bile duct in-vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kreiner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - E Eggenhofer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - L Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Rejas
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Goetz
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - N Bogovic
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S M Brunner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K Evert
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H J Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - E K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H Junger
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Bernáth-Nagy D, Kalinyaprak MS, Giannitsis E, Ábrahám P, Leuschner F, Frey N, Krohn JB. Circulating extracellular vesicles as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1425159. [PMID: 39314768 PMCID: PMC11417624 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1425159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) ranks among the primary contributors to worldwide mortality. Hence, the importance of constant research on new circulating biomarkers for the improvement of early diagnosis and prognostication of different CVDs and the development and refinement of therapeutic measures is critical. Extracellular vesicles (EV) have a great potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as they represent their parent cell by enclosing cell-specific molecules, which can differ in quality and quantity based on cell state. Assuming that all cell types of the cardiovascular system are capable of releasing EV into circulation, an emerging body of evidence has investigated the potential role of serum- or plasma-derived EV in CVD. Comprehensive research has unveiled alterations in EV quantity and EV-bound cargo in the form of RNA, proteins and lipids in the context of common CVDs such as coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure or inflammatory heart diseases, highlighting their diagnostic and prognostic relevance. In numerous in vitro and in vivo models, EV also showed promising therapeutic potential. However, translation of EV studies to a preclinical or clinical setting has proven to be challenging. This review is intended to provide an overview of the most relevant studies in the field of serum or plasma-derived EV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Bernáth-Nagy
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melek Sükran Kalinyaprak
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evangelos Giannitsis
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pál Ábrahám
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jona Benjamin Krohn
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Chi C, Roland TJ, Song K. Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling: Learning from Heart Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:337. [PMID: 38543122 PMCID: PMC10975450 DOI: 10.3390/ph17030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is a pressing public health problem and the leading cause of death worldwide. The heart is the first organ to gain function during embryogenesis in mammals. Heart development involves cell determination, expansion, migration, and crosstalk, which are orchestrated by numerous signaling pathways, such as the Wnt, TGF-β, IGF, and Retinoic acid signaling pathways. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-based platforms are emerging as promising approaches for modeling heart disease in vitro. Understanding the signaling pathways that are essential for cardiac development has shed light on the molecular mechanisms of congenital heart defects and postnatal heart diseases, significantly advancing stem cell-based platforms to model heart diseases. This review summarizes signaling pathways that are crucial for heart development and discusses how these findings improve the strategies for modeling human heart disease in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwu Chi
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (C.C.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Truman J. Roland
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (C.C.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; (C.C.); (T.J.R.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
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7
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Zhou Z, Zhang X, Wang S, Wang X, Mao J. A Powerful Tool in the Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Natural and Nanoscale Modified Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:8099-8112. [PMID: 38164265 PMCID: PMC10758182 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s443716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) constitutes a pivotal determinant impacting the long-term prognosis of individuals afflicted by ischemic cardiomyopathy subsequent to reperfusion therapy. Stem cells have garnered extensive application within the realm of MI/RI investigation, yielding tangible outcomes. Stem cell therapy encounters certain challenges in its application owing to the complexities associated with stem cell acquisition, a diminished homing rate, and a brief in vivo lifespan. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) originating from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to possess the benefits of abundant availability, reduced immunogenicity, and a diminished tumorigenic incidence. They can exert their effects on damaged organs, improving injuries by transporting a lot of constituents, including proteins, RNA, lipid droplets, and more. This phenomenon has garnered substantial attention in the context of MI/RI treatment. Simultaneously, MSC-derived sEV (MSC-sEV) can exhibit enhanced therapeutic advantages through bioengineering modifications, biomaterial incorporation, and natural drug interventions. Within this discourse, we shall appraise the utilization of MSC-sEV and their derivatives in the context of MI/RI treatment, aiming to offer valuable insights for future research endeavors related to MI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhou
- Cardiovascular Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianliang Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- Cardiovascular Department, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Li Q, Feng Q, Zhou H, Lin C, Sun X, Ma C, Sun L, Guo G, Wang D. Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e454. [PMID: 38124785 PMCID: PMC10732331 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) significantly impacts global society since it is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapies have been extensively investigated. EV delivery is involved in mediating the progression of CVDs and has great potential to be biomarker and therapeutic molecular carrier. Besides, EVs from stem cells and cardiac cells can effectively protect the heart from various pathologic conditions, and then serve as an alternative treatment for CVDs. Moreover, the research of using EVs as delivery carriers of therapeutic molecules, membrane engineering modification of EVs, or combining EVs with biomaterials further improves the application potential of EVs in clinical treatment. However, currently there are only a few articles summarizing the application of EVs in CVDs. This review provides an overview of the role of EVs in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of CVDs. It also focuses on how EVs promote the repair of myocardial injury and therapeutic methods of CVDs. In conclusion, it is of great significance to review the research on the application of EVs in the treatment of CVDs, which lays a foundation for further exploration of the role of EVs, and clarifies the prospect of EVs in the treatment of myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Li
- Department of CardiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Qiang Feng
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hengzong Zhou
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJilin Business and Technology CollegeChangchunChina
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJilin Business and Technology CollegeChangchunChina
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- Hepatology Hospital of Jilin ProvinceChangchunChina
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of PathogenobiologyJilin University Mycology Research CenterCollege of Basic Medical SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Gongliang Guo
- Department of CardiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Zhang X, Sun S, Ren G, Liu W, Chen H. Advances in Intercellular Communication Mediated by Exosomal ncRNAs in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16197. [PMID: 38003385 PMCID: PMC10671547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of worldwide mortality, and exosomes have recently gained attention as key mediators of intercellular communication in these diseases. Exosomes are double-layered lipid vesicles that can carry biomolecules such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, and the content of exosomes is dependent on the cell they originated from. They can be involved in the pathophysiological processes of cardiovascular diseases and hold potential as diagnostic and monitoring tools. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication, stimulate or inhibit the activity of target cells, and affect myocardial hypertrophy, injury and infarction, ventricular remodeling, angiogenesis, and atherosclerosis. Exosomes can be released from various types of cells, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, platelets, adipocytes, immune cells, and stem cells. In this review, we highlight the communication between different cell-derived exosomes and cardiovascular cells, with a focus on the roles of RNAs. This provides new insights for further exploring targeted therapies in the clinical management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Shengjie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Gang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (S.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Wujun Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
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10
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Koni M, Lopatina T, Grange C, Sarcinella A, Cedrino M, Bruno S, Buffolo F, Femminò S, Camussi G, Brizzi MF. Circulating extracellular vesicles derived from tumor endothelial cells hijack the local and systemic anti-tumor immune response: Role of mTOR/G-CSF pathway. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106871. [PMID: 37506784 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumour-derived extracellular vesicles are supposed to contribute to the spreading of distant metastasis. In this study, we investigated the impact of circulating extracellular vesicles derived from tumour-endothelial cells (TEVs) in the expansion of the metastatic bulk. We focus on the role of immune cells in controlling this process using the 4T1 triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) syngeneic model. 4T1 cells were intravenously injected and exposed to circulating TEVs from day 7. The lung, spleen, and bone marrow (BM) were recovered and analysed. We demonstrated that circulating TEVs boost lung metastasis and angiogenesis. FACS and immunohistochemically analyses revealed a significant enrichment of Ly6G+/F4/80+/CD11b+ cells and Ly6G+/F4/80-/CD11b+ in the lung and in the spleen, while Ly6G+/F4/80-/CD11b+ in the BM, indicating the occurrence of a systemic and local immune suppression. TEV immune suppressive properties were further supported by the increased expression of PD-L1, PD-1, and iNOS in the tumour mass. In addition, in vitro experiments demonstrated an increase of CD11+ cells, PD-L1+ myeloid and cancer cells, upregulation of LAG3, CTLA4 and PD-1 in T-cells, release of ROS and NOS, and impaired T-cell-mediated cytotoxic effect in co-culture of TEVs-preconditioned PBMCs and cancer cells. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) level was increased in vivo, and was involved in reshaping the immune response. Mechanistically, we also found that mTOR enriched TEVs support G-CSF release and trigger the phosphorylation of the S6 (Ser235/236) mTOR downstream target. Overall, we provided evidence that circulating TEVs enriched in mTOR supported G-CSF release thereby granting tumour immune suppression and metastasis outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Koni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tatiana Lopatina
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Grange
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Buffolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Saveria Femminò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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11
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Miguel AC, Aurora GH, Alejandro SP. Cardiosome-mediated protection in myocardial ischemia. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 545:117374. [PMID: 37150341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiosomes, exosomes released in cardiospheres by cardiomyocytes and progenitor cells, communicate locally and at a distance from different tissues, promoting beneficial cellular changes. For example, miRNAs have emerged as regulators of intercellular communication via transport by extracellular vesicles in general and cardiosomes specifically. Although cardiosomes are considered biomarkers owing to their immense biomedical application in various clinical fields, their role in cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. This mini-review examines the experimental and clinical evidence for cardiosomes as non-invasive diagnostic, treatment and prognostic tools in acute myocardial infarction, the novelty of which is often lost in medical practice. In addition, we discuss the potential role of cardiosomes in physiologic mechanisms and cell signaling in cardiac conditioning strategies against reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arroyo-Campuzano Miguel
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gil-Hernández Aurora
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silva-Palacios Alejandro
- Department of Biomedicine Cardiovascular, National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Ning Y, Huang P, Chen G, Xiong Y, Gong Z, Wu C, Xu J, Jiang W, Li X, Tang R, Zhang L, Hu M, Xu J, Xu J, Qian H, Jin C, Yang Y. Atorvastatin-pretreated mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles promote cardiac repair after myocardial infarction via shifting macrophage polarization by targeting microRNA-139-3p/Stat1 pathway. BMC Med 2023; 21:96. [PMID: 36927608 PMCID: PMC10022054 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) pretreated with atorvastatin (ATV) (MSCATV-EV) have a superior cardiac repair effect on acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The mechanisms, however, have not been fully elucidated. This study aims to explore whether inflammation alleviation of infarct region via macrophage polarization plays a key role in the efficacy of MSCATV-EV. METHODS MSCATV-EV or MSC-EV were intramyocardially injected 30 min after coronary ligation in AMI rats. Macrophage infiltration and polarization (day 3), cardiac function (days 0, 3, 7, 28), and infarct size (day 28) were measured. EV small RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted for differentially expressed miRNAs between MSCATV-EV and MSC-EV. Macrophages were isolated from rat bone marrow for molecular mechanism analysis. miRNA mimics or inhibitors were transfected into EVs or macrophages to analyze its effects on macrophage polarization and cardiac repair in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS MSCATV-EV significantly reduced the amount of CD68+ total macrophages and increased CD206+ M2 macrophages of infarct zone on day 3 after AMI compared with MSC-EV group (P < 0.01-0.0001). On day 28, MSCATV-EV much more significantly improved the cardiac function than MSC-EV with the infarct size markedly reduced (P < 0.05-0.0001). In vitro, MSCATV-EV also significantly reduced the protein and mRNA expressions of M1 markers but increased those of M2 markers in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages (P < 0.05-0.0001). EV miR-139-3p was identified as a potential cardiac repair factor mediating macrophage polarization. Knockdown of miR-139-3p in MSCATV-EV significantly attenuated while overexpression of it in MSC-EV enhanced the effect on promoting M2 polarization by suppressing downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1). Furthermore, MSCATV-EV loaded with miR-139-3p inhibitors decreased while MSC-EV loaded with miR-139-3p mimics increased the expressions of M2 markers and cardioprotective efficacy. CONCLUSIONS We uncovered a novel mechanism that MSCATV-EV remarkably facilitate cardiac repair in AMI by promoting macrophage polarization via miR-139-3p/Stat1 pathway, which has the great potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ning
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peisen Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhaoting Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Chunxiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Junyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wenyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ruijie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Mengjin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Haiyan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Chen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yuejin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Gibello L, D'Antico S, Salafia M, Senetta R, Pomatto MAC, Orlando G, Sarcinella A, Lopatina T, Quaglino P, Lorenzi M, Verzini F, Camussi G, Brizzi MF. First pilot case-control interventional study using autologous extracellular vesicles to treat chronic venous ulcers unresponsive to conventional treatments. Pharmacol Res 2023; 190:106718. [PMID: 36878306 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic approaches for chronic venous ulcers (CVUs) still require evidence of effectiveness. Diverse sources of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed for tissue regeneration, however the lack of potency tests, to predict in-vivo effectiveness, and a reliable scalability have delayed their clinical application. This study aimed to investigate whether autologous serum-derived EVs (s-EVs), recovered from patients with CVUs, may be a proper therapeutic approach to improve the healing process. A pilot case-control interventional study (CS2/1095/0090491) has been designed and s-EVs recovered from patients. Patient eligibility included two or more distinct chronic lesions in the same limb with 11 months as median persistence of active ulcer before enrollment. Patients were treated three times a week, for 2 weeks. Qualitative CVU analysis demonstrated that s-EVs-treated lesions displayed a higher percentage of granulation tissue compared to the control group (Sham) (s-EVs 3 out of 5: 75-100 % vs Sham: none), further confirmed at day 30. s-EVs-treated lesions also displayed higher sloughy tissue reduction at the end of treatment even increased at day 30. Additionally, s-EV treatment led to a median surface reduction of 151 mm2 compared to 84 mm2 in the Sham group, difference even more evident at day 30 (s-EVs 385 mm2vs Sham 106 mm2p = 0.004). Consistent with the enrichment of transforming growth factor-β1 in s-EVs, histological analyses showed a regenerative tissue with an increase in microvascular proliferation areas. This study first demonstrates the clinical effectiveness of autologous s-EVs in promoting the healing process of CVUs unresponsive to conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Gibello
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Politecnico of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio D'Antico
- Blood Bank, Molinette Hospital, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marika Salafia
- Blood Bank, Molinette Hospital, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza of Turin, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Orlando
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza of Turin, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Tatiana Lopatina
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatologic Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Lorenzi
- Blood Bank, Molinette Hospital, Città Della Salute e Della Scienza of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Verzini
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Gharbi T, Liu C, Khan H, Zhang Z, Yang GY, Tang Y. Hypoxic Preconditioned Neural Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Contain Distinct Protein Cargo from Their Normal Counterparts. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1982-1997. [PMID: 36975497 PMCID: PMC10047917 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning has been demonstrated to increase the resistance of neural stem cells (NSCs) to hypoxic conditions, as well as to improve their capacity for differentiation and neurogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as critical mediators of cell–cell communication, but their role in this hypoxic conditioning is presently unknown. Here, we demonstrated that three hours of hypoxic preconditioning triggers significant neural stem cell EV release. Proteomic profiling of EVs from normal and hypoxic preconditioned neural stem cells identified 20 proteins that were upregulated and 22 proteins that were downregulated after hypoxic preconditioning. We also found an upregulation of some of these proteins by qPCR, thus indicating differences also at the transcript level within the EVs. Among the upregulated proteins are CNP, Cyfip1, CASK, and TUBB5, which are well known to exhibit significant beneficial effects on neural stem cells. Thus, our results not only show a significant difference of protein cargo in EVs consequent to hypoxic exposure, but identify several candidate proteins that might play a pivotal role in the cell-to-cell mediated communication underlying neuronal differentiation, protection, maturation, and survival following exposure to hypoxic conditions.
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15
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Pathways for Cardioprotection in Perspective: Focus on Remote Conditioning and Extracellular Vesicles. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020308. [PMID: 36829584 PMCID: PMC9953525 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of cutting-edge treatments, coronary artery disease (CAD) morbidity and mortality rates remain present at high levels. Therefore, new cardioprotective approaches are crucial to improve the health of patients. To date, experimental investigations of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) have generally demonstrated the efficacy of local ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning cardioprotection techniques as well as of remote conditioning. However, application in clinical settings is still highly controversial and debated. Currently, remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) seems to be the most promising method for heart repair. Protective factors are released into the bloodstream, and protection can be transferred within and across species. For a long time, the cross-function and cross-transmission mechanisms of cardioprotection were largely unknown. Recently, it has been shown that small, anuclear, bilayered lipid membrane particles, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs), are the drivers of signal transduction in cardiac IRI and RIC. EVs are related to the pathophysiological processes of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), according to compelling evidence. In this review, we will first review the current state of knowledge on myocardial IRI and cardioprotective strategies explored over the past 37 years. Second, we will briefly discuss the role of EVs in CVD and the most recent improvements on EVs as prognostic biomarkers, diagnostic, and therapeutic agents. We will discuss how EVs can be used as a new drug delivery mechanism and how they can be employed in cardiac treatment, also from a perspective of overcoming the impasse that results from neglecting confounding factors.
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16
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Huang K, Mei K, Duan J, Wang R, Yang C, Wang B, Gu R, Yang L. Identification and validation of ferroptosis-related genes and immune infiltration in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1078290. [PMID: 36895830 PMCID: PMC9989975 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1078290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiomyocyte death is an important pathophysiological basis for ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Many studies have suggested that ferroptosis is a key link in the development of ICM. We performed bioinformatics analysis and experiment validation to explore the potential ferroptosis-related genes and immune infiltration of ICM. Methods We downloaded the datasets of ICM from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and analyzed the ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction network were performed to analyze ferroptosis-related DEGs. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was used to evaluate the gene enrichment signaling pathway of ferroptosis-related genes in ICM. Then, we explored the immune landscape of patients with ICM. Finally, the RNA expression of the top five ferroptosis-related DEGs was validated in blood samples from patients with ICM and healthy controls using qRT-PCR. Results Overall, 42 ferroptosis-related DEGs (17 upregulated and 25 downregulated genes) were identified. Functional enrichment analysis indicated several enriched terms related to ferroptosis and the immune pathway. Immunological analysis suggested that the immune microenvironment in patients with ICM is altered. The immune checkpoint-related genes (PDCD1LG2, LAG3, and TIGIT) were overexpressed in ICM. The qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of IL6, JUN, STAT3, and ATM in patients with ICM and healthy controls were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis results from the mRNA microarray. Conclusion Our study showed significant differences in ferroptosis-related genes and functional pathway between ICM patients and healthy controls. We also provided insight into the landscape of immune cells and the expression of immune checkpoints in patients with ICM. This study provides a new road for future investigation of the pathogenesis and treatment of ICM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Kun Mei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ruting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Renjun Gu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,School of Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Bai X, Zhang H, Li Z, Chen O, He H, Jia X, Zou L. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles encapsulate microRNA-34c-5p to ameliorate inflammatory response of coronary artery endothelial cells via PODXL-mediated P38 MAPK signaling pathway. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2424-2438. [PMID: 36096977 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low-grade chronic inflammation was reported to serve as a distinctive pathophysiologic feature of coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of death around the world. Herein, the current study aimed to explore whether and how microRNA-34c-5p (miR-34c-5p), a miRNA enriched in extracellular vesicles (EVs) originated from the activated platelet (PLT-EVs), affects the inflammation of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). METHODS AND RESULTS HCAECs were established as an in vitro cell model using oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). miR-34c-5p, an abundant miRNA in PLT-EVs, can be transferred to HCAECs and target PODXL by binding to its 3'UTR. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments of miR-34c-5p and podocalyxin (PODXL) were performed in ox-LDL-induced HCAECs. Subsequently, HCAECs were subjected to co-culture with PLT-EVs, followed by detection of the expression patterns of key pro-inflammatory factors. Either miR-34c-5p mimic or PLT-EVs harboring miR-34c-5p attenuated the ox-LDL-evoked inflammation in HCAECs by suppressing interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). By blocking the P38 MAPK signaling pathway, miR-34c-5p-mediated depletion of PODXL contributed to protection against ox-LDL-induced inflammation. In vitro findings were further validated by findings observed in ApoE knock-out mice. Additionally, miR-34c-5p in PLT-EVs showed an athero-protective role in the murine model. CONCLUSION Altogether, our findings highlighted that miR-34c-5p in PLT-EVs could alleviate inflammation response in HCAECs by targeting PODXL and inactivation of the P38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Bai
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China
| | - Hengpeng He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China
| | - Xiukun Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China
| | - Lijuan Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China.
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18
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Femminò S, Bonelli F, Brizzi MF. Extracellular vesicles in cardiac repair and regeneration: Beyond stem-cell-based approaches. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:996887. [PMID: 36120584 PMCID: PMC9479097 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.996887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult human heart poorly regenerate after injury due to the low self-renewal capability retained by adult cardiomyocytes. In the last two decades, several clinical studies have reported the ability of stem cells to induce cardiac regeneration. However, low cell integration and survival into the tissue has limited stem-cell-based clinical approaches. More recently, the release of paracrine mediators including extracellular vesicles (EV) has been recognized as the most relevant mechanism driving benefits upon cell-based therapy. In particular, EV have emerged as key mediators of cardiac repair after damage, in terms of reduction of apoptosis, resolution of inflammation and new blood vessel formation. Herein, mechanisms involved in cardiac damage and regeneration, and current applications of EV and their small non-coding RNAs (miRNAs) in regenerative medicine are discussed.
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Jin Y, Liu G, Yu Q, Ma S, Chang M. Serum Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Cardiomyocyte Injury Induced by Hypoxic/Reoxygenation by Regulating miR-1229-5p. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2022; 258:35-41. [PMID: 35705319 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2022.j048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinhao Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College
| | - Guiqing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College
| | - Shumin Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College
| | - Ming Chang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College
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Plasma-derived extracellular vesicles transfer microRNA-130a-3p to alleviate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by targeting ATG16L1. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:99-114. [PMID: 35503135 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury as modulators by shuttling diverse cargoes, including microRNAs (miRNAs). The current study was initiated to unravel the potential involvement of plasma-derived EVs carrying miR-130a-3p on myocardial I/R injury. Rats were induced with moderate endoplasmic reticulum stress, followed by isolation of plasma-derived EVs. Then, an I/R rat model and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cardiomyoblast model were established to simulate a myocardial I/R injury environment where miR-130a-3p was found to be abundantly expressed. miR-130a-3p was confirmed to target and negatively regulate autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1) in cardiomyoblasts. Based on a co-culture system, miR-130a-3p delivered by EVs derived from plasma protected H/R-exposed cardiomyoblasts against H/R-induced excessive cardiomyoblast autophagy, inflammation, and damage, improving cardiac dysfunction as well as myocardial I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction and tissue injury. The mechanism underlying the functional role of EVs-loaded miR-130a-3p was found to be dependent on its targeting relation with ATG16L1. The protective action of EV-carried miR-130a-3p was further re-produced in a rat model serving as in vivo validation as evidenced by improved cardiac function, tissue injury, myocardial fibrosis, and myocardial infarction. Collectively, miR-130a-3p shuttled by plasma-derived EVs was demonstrated to alleviate excessive cardiomyoblast autophagy and improve myocardial I/R injury.
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Comità S, Femmino S, Thairi C, Alloatti G, Boengler K, Pagliaro P, Penna C. Regulation of STAT3 and its role in cardioprotection by conditioning: focus on non-genomic roles targeting mitochondrial function. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:56. [PMID: 34642818 PMCID: PMC8510947 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the biggest challenges for cardiovascular researchers given the huge death toll caused by myocardial ischemic disease. Cardioprotective conditioning strategies, namely pre- and post-conditioning maneuvers, represent the most important strategies for stimulating pro-survival pathways essential to preserve cardiac health. Conditioning maneuvers have proved to be fundamental for the knowledge of the molecular basis of both IRI and cardioprotection. Among this evidence, the importance of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) emerged. STAT3 is not only a transcription factor but also exhibits non-genomic pro-survival functions preserving mitochondrial function from IRI. Indeed, STAT3 is emerging as an influencer of mitochondrial function to explain the cardioprotection phenomena. Studying cardioprotection, STAT3 proved to be crucial as an element of the survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathway, which converges on mitochondria and influences their function by cross-talking with other cardioprotective pathways. Clearly there are still some functional properties of STAT3 to be discovered. Therefore, in this review, we highlight the evidence that places STAT3 as a promoter of the metabolic network. In particular, we focus on the possible interactions of STAT3 with processes aimed at maintaining mitochondrial functions, including the regulation of the electron transport chain, the production of reactive oxygen species, the homeostasis of Ca2+ and the inhibition of opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Then we consider the role of STAT3 and the parallels between STA3/STAT5 in cardioprotection by conditioning, giving emphasis to the human heart and confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comità
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy
| | - Saveria Femmino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Thairi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy
| | | | - Kerstin Boengler
- Institute of Physiology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy.
| | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043, Torino, TO, Italy.
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Femminò S, D’Ascenzo F, Ravera F, Comità S, Angelini F, Caccioppo A, Franchin L, Grosso A, Thairi C, Venturelli E, Cavallari C, Penna C, De Ferrari GM, Camussi G, Pagliaro P, Brizzi MF. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Reprograms Circulating Extracellular Vesicles from ACS Patients Impairing Their Cardio-Protective Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910270. [PMID: 34638611 PMCID: PMC8508604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapeutic tools in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. We have recently shown that EVs from patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) undergoing sham pre-conditioning, before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were cardio-protective, while EVs from patients experiencing remote ischemic pre-conditioning (RIPC) failed to induce protection against ischemia/reperfusion Injury (IRI). No data on EVs from ACS patients recovered after PCI are currently available. Therefore, we herein investigated the cardio-protective properties of EVs, collected after PCI from the same patients. EVs recovered from 30 patients randomly assigned (1:1) to RIPC (EV-RIPC) or sham procedures (EV-naive) (NCT02195726) were characterized by TEM, FACS and Western blot analysis and evaluated for their mRNA content. The impact of EVs on hypoxia/reoxygenation damage and IRI, as well as the cardio-protective signaling pathways, were investigated in vitro (HMEC-1 + H9c2 co-culture) and ex vivo (isolated rat heart). Both EV-naive and EV-RIPC failed to drive cardio-protection both in vitro and ex vivo. Consistently, EV treatment failed to activate the canonical cardio-protective pathways. Specifically, PCI reduced the EV-naive Dusp6 mRNA content, found to be crucial for their cardio-protective action, and upregulated some stress- and cell-cycle-related genes in EV-RIPC. We provide the first evidence that in ACS patients, PCI reprograms the EV cargo, impairing EV-naive cardio-protective properties without improving EV-RIPC functional capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saveria Femminò
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (F.R.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (E.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Fabrizio D’Ascenzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.D.); (F.A.); (L.F.); (G.M.D.F.)
| | - Francesco Ravera
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (F.R.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (E.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Stefano Comità
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10143 Orbassano, Italy; (S.C.); (C.T.); (C.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Filippo Angelini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.D.); (F.A.); (L.F.); (G.M.D.F.)
| | - Andrea Caccioppo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (F.R.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (E.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Luca Franchin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.D.); (F.A.); (L.F.); (G.M.D.F.)
| | - Alberto Grosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (F.R.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (E.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Cecilia Thairi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10143 Orbassano, Italy; (S.C.); (C.T.); (C.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Emilio Venturelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (F.R.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (E.V.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Claudia Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10143 Orbassano, Italy; (S.C.); (C.T.); (C.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Gaetano Maria De Ferrari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (F.D.); (F.A.); (L.F.); (G.M.D.F.)
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (F.R.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (E.V.); (G.C.)
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10143 Orbassano, Italy; (S.C.); (C.T.); (C.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Maria Felice Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.F.); (F.R.); (A.C.); (A.G.); (E.V.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-6653
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