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Lu X, Xie Q, Pan X, Zhang R, Zhang X, Peng G, Zhang Y, Shen S, Tong N. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults: pathogenesis, prevention and therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:262. [PMID: 39353925 PMCID: PMC11445387 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease characterized by heterogeneously progressive loss of islet β cell insulin secretion usually occurring after the presence of insulin resistance (IR) and it is one component of metabolic syndrome (MS), and we named it metabolic dysfunction syndrome (MDS). The pathogenesis of T2D is not fully understood, with IR and β cell dysfunction playing central roles in its pathophysiology. Dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, along with other metabolic disorders, results in IR and/or islet β cell dysfunction via some shared pathways, such as inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), oxidative stress, and ectopic lipid deposition. There is currently no cure for T2D, but it can be prevented or in remission by lifestyle intervention and/or some medication. If prevention fails, holistic and personalized management should be taken as soon as possible through timely detection and diagnosis, considering target organ protection, comorbidities, treatment goals, and other factors in reality. T2D is often accompanied by other components of MDS, such as preobesity/obesity, metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease, dyslipidemia, which usually occurs before it, and they are considered as the upstream diseases of T2D. It is more appropriate to call "diabetic complications" as "MDS-related target organ damage (TOD)", since their development involves not only hyperglycemia but also other metabolic disorders of MDS, promoting an up-to-date management philosophy. In this review, we aim to summarize the underlying mechanism, screening, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of T2D, especially regarding the personalized selection of hypoglycemic agents and holistic management based on the concept of "MDS-related TOD".
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxing Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruining Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ge Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sumin Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Research Centre for Diabetes and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Bing T, Shanlin X, Jisheng W, Jie H, Ruichao C, Zhiwei Z, Bin Y, Zhaoxin M, Zhenming H, Nian Z. Dysregulated lipid metabolism and intervertebral disc degeneration: the important role of ox-LDL/LOX-1 in endplate chondrocyte senescence and calcification. Mol Med 2024; 30:117. [PMID: 39123116 PMCID: PMC11311918 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid metabolism disorders are associated with degeneration of multiple tissues and organs, but the mechanism of crosstalk between lipid metabolism disorder and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) has not been fully elucidated. In this study we aim to investigate the regulatory mechanism of abnormal signal of lipid metabolism disorder on intervertebral disc endplate chondrocyte (EPC) senescence and calcification. METHODS Human intervertebral disc cartilage endplate tissue, cell model and rat hyperlipemia model were performed in this study. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to human EPC tissue detection. TMT-labelled quantitative proteomics was used to detect differential proteins, and MRI, micro-CT, safranin green staining and immunofluorescence were performed to observe the morphology and degeneration of rat tail intervertebral discs. Flow cytometry, senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase staining, DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, and western blot were performed to detect the expression of EPC cell senescence, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, calcification-related proteins and the activation of cell senescence-related signaling pathways. RESULTS Our study found that the highly expressed oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1) in human degenerative EPC was associated with hyperlipidemia (HLP). TMT-labelled quantitative proteomics revealed enriched pathways such as cell cycle regulation, endochondral bone morphogenesis and inflammation. The rat model revealed that HLP could induce ox-LDL, LOX-1, senescence and calcification markers high expression in EPC. Moreover, we demonstrated that ox-LDL-induced EPCs senescence and calcification were dependent on the LOX-1 receptor, and the ROS/P38-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway was implicated in the regulation of senescence induced by ox-LDL/LOX-1 in cell model. CONCLUSIONS So our study revealed that ox-LDL/LOX-1-induced EPCs senescence and calcification through ROS/P38-MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, providing information on understanding the link between lipid metabolism disorders and IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Bing
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Mian Yang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, 621000, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400000, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Shanlin
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400000, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Jisheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Mian Yang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, 621000, Mianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Jie
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400000, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Ruichao
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400000, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Zhiwei
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400000, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400000, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ma Zhaoxin
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400000, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Zhenming
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400000, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Nian
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400000, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Guardiola M, Rehues P, Amigó N, Arrieta F, Botana M, Gimeno-Orna JA, Girona J, Martínez-Montoro JI, Ortega E, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Margalet V, Pedro-Botet J, Ribalta J. Increasing the complexity of lipoprotein characterization for cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14214. [PMID: 38613414 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular disease is particularly high among individuals with diabetes, even when LDL cholesterol is normal or within the therapeutic target. Despite this, cholesterol accumulates in their arteries, in part, due to persistent atherogenic dyslipidaemia characterized by elevated triglycerides, remnant cholesterol, smaller LDL particles and reduced HDL cholesterol. The causal link between dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis in T2DM is complex, and our contention is that a deeper understanding of lipoprotein composition and functionality, the vehicle that delivers cholesterol to the artery, will provide insight for improving our understanding of the hidden cardiovascular risk of diabetes. This narrative review covers three levels of complexity in lipoprotein characterization: 1-the information provided by routine clinical biochemistry, 2-advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based lipoprotein profiling and 3-the identification of minor components or physical properties of lipoproteins that can help explain arterial accumulation in individuals with normal LDLc levels, which is typically the case in individuals with T2DM. This document highlights the importance of incorporating these three layers of lipoprotein-related information into population-based studies on ASCVD in T2DM. Such an attempt should inevitably run in parallel with biotechnological solutions that allow large-scale determination of these sets of methodologically diverse parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Guardiola
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi (URLA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere Rehues
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi (URLA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Amigó
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Biosfer Teslab, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Botana
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - José A Gimeno-Orna
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi (URLA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
| | - Emilio Ortega
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro-Botet
- Unidad de Lípidos y Riesgo Vascular, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Ribalta
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosi (URLA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Chen P, Li X. NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and targeted therapies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1430236. [PMID: 39144618 PMCID: PMC11322363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1430236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the primary pathology behind various cardiovascular diseases and the leading cause of death and disability globally. Recent evidence suggests that AS is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease caused by multiple factors. In this context, the NLRP3 inflammasome, acting as a signal transducer of the immune system, plays a critical role in the onset and progression of AS. The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in endothelial injury, foam cell formation, and pyroptosis in AS. Therefore, targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome offers a new treatment strategy for AS. This review highlights the latest insights into AS pathogenesis and the pharmacological therapies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome, focusing on optimal targets for small molecule inhibitors. These insights are valuable for rational drug design and the pharmacological assessment of new targeted NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors in treating AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
- Shandong Kelun Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Binzhou, China
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Kumar V, Narisawa M, Cheng XW. Overview of multifunctional Tregs in cardiovascular disease: From insights into cellular functions to clinical implications. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23786. [PMID: 38979903 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400839r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial in regulating T-cell-mediated immune responses. Numerous studies have shown that dysfunction or decreased numbers of Tregs may be involved in inflammatory cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart diseases, heart failure, and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Tregs can help to ameliorate CVDs by suppressing excessive inflammation through various mechanisms, including inhibition of T cells and B cells, inhibition of macrophage-induced inflammation, inhibition of dendritic cells and foam cell formation, and induction of anti-inflammatory macrophages. Enhancing or restoring the immunosuppressive activity of Tregs may thus serve as a fundamental immunotherapy to treat hypertension and CVDs. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the Tregs-induced protection against hypertension and CVDs remain to be investigated. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of Tregs subsets and function in CVDs. In addition, we discuss promising strategies for using Tregs through various pharmacological approaches to treat hypertension and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Megumi Narisawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Wang J, Lu B, Yin G, Liu L, Yang P, Huang N, Zhao A. Design and Fabrication of Environmentally Responsive Nanoparticles for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Atherosclerosis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1190-1206. [PMID: 38343186 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease poses a significant threat to human health in today's society. A major contributor to cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis (AS). The development of plaque in the affected areas involves a complex pathological environment, and the disease progresses rapidly. Nanotechnology, combined with emerging diagnostic and treatment methods, offers the potential for the management of this condition. This paper presents the latest advancements in environment-intelligent responsive controlled-release nanoparticles designed specifically for the pathological environment of AS, which includes characteristics such as low pH, high reactive oxygen species levels, high shear stress, and multienzymes. Additionally, the paper summarizes the applications and features of nanotechnology in interventional therapy for AS, including percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and drug-eluting stents. Furthermore, the application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis of AS shows promising real-time, accurate, and continuous effects. Lastly, the paper explores the future prospects of nanotechnology, highlighting the tremendous potential in the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerotic diseases, especially with the ongoing development in nano gas, quantum dots, and Metal-Organic Frameworks materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Wang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Bingyang Lu
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Ge Yin
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
| | - Ansha Zhao
- Key Lab. for Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Material Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, PR China
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Wang C, Zhao R, Wang Z, Xu T, Huang P. Synthetic ditempolphosphatidylcholine liposome-like nanoparticles for anti-oxidative therapy of atherosclerosis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:16211-16221. [PMID: 37266511 PMCID: PMC10230271 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disease, is the leading cause of death worldwide. Anti-oxidative therapy has been developed for AS therapy in light of the critical role of ROS in pathogenesis of AS, but current anti-oxidants have exhibited limited outcomes in the clinic. Herein, new ROS-eliminating liposome-like NPs (Tempol-Lips) were assembled from synthetic lipids that covalently conjugated two Tempol molecules with phosphatidylcholine by esterification reaction. The obtained Tempol-Lips can be efficiently internalized into inflammatory macrophages and attenuated inflammation via scavenging overproduced intracellular ROS. After i.v. administration, Tempol-Lips with nanoscale character accumulated in the plaques of ApoE-/- mice through passive targeting and significantly inhibited the pathogenesis of AS, compared with those treated with control drugs. The therapeutic benefits of Tempol-Lips primarily are ascribed to the reduced local and systematic oxidative stress and inflammation. Preliminary studies in vivo further demonstrated Tempol-Lips were safe and biocompatible after long-term i.v. injection. Conclusively, Tempol-Lips can be developed as a novel anti-AS nanotherapy with potential translation in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Yantai 264000 China
| | - Ruifu Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Yantai 264000 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Yantai 264000 China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Yantai 264000 China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Yantai 264000 China
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Liu L, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Circular RNA circ_0008896 contributes to oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced aortic endothelial cell injury via targeting miR-188-3p/NOD2 axis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:275-287. [PMID: 36940068 PMCID: PMC10167080 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of circ_0008896 in Atherosclerosis (AS) by using oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced human aortic endothelial cell (HAECs). Levels of genes and proteins were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Functional experiments, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis, cell counting kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry, tube formation assays and the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) generation, were performed to investigate the role of circ_0008896 on ox-LDL-induced HAEC damage. Circ_0008896 was increased in AS patients and ox-LDL-stimulated HAECs. Functionally, circ_0008896 knockdown reversed ox-LDL-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis as well as arrest of proliferation and angiogenesis in HAECs in vitro. Mechanistically, circ_0008896 functioned as a sponge for miR-188-3p to relieve the repression of miR-188-3p on its target NOD2. A series of rescue experiments showed that miR-188-3p inhibition attenuated the protective effects of circ_0008896 knockdown on ox-LDL-stimulated HAECs, and NOD2 overexpression abolished the beneficial action of miR-188-3p in the suppression of inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and the promotion of cell growth and angiogenesis in HAECs under ox-LDL treatment. Circ_0008896 silencing attenuates ox-LDL-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and growth arrest in HAECs in vitro, adding further understanding for the pathogenesis of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- Heart Function Examination Room, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yueyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- , Dalian City, China.
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Huang R, Wang B, He J, Zhang Z, Xie R, Li S, Li Q, Tian C, Tuo Y, Zheng R, Chen W, Xiang M. Lian-Qu formula treats metabolic syndrome via reducing fat synthesis, insulin resistance and inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116060. [PMID: 36535333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathological condition characterized by obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension and hyperlipidemia that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The traditional Chinese medicine Lian-Qu formula (LQF) is modified from Xiaoxianxiong decoction, which has been used for coronary heart disease or metabolic disease in clinical for a long time. However, the pharmacological mechanism of LQF on MetS is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY Here, we explored the actions of LQF on MetS via network pharmacology and validated the mechanism in the MetS mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical components of LQF were searched in the traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and the natural product activity & species source database. The related targets of MetS disease were gathered from genes cluster with literature profiles database. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed to obtain the key target genes. The Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment of the key targets were performed to predict the potential mechanisms of LQF action on MetS. And then, the high-fat diet-induced MetS mice were used to validate its therapeutic effect and molecular targets. Insulin tolerance test and oral glucose tolerance test were used to assess insulin sensitivity. Body weight and visceral fat index were measured to assess obesity. Liver metabolism was detected by H&E section, oil red O staining and untargeted lipid metabolomics experiments. Finally, the key targets of LQF action on MetS were verified by PCR and ELISA kits. RESULTS A total of 466 components in LQF were obtained, among which 71 were active. These components correspond to 74 targets associated with MetS. The predicted targets of LQF worked on MetS were AKT1, INSR, PPARs, FASN, LDLR, TNF, CRP, IL-6, IL-1β and so on. Furthermore, these targets were related to pathways in cellular response to lipid, inflammatory response, glucose transmembrane transport and insulin resistance. Finally, the animal experiments validated that LQF inhibited lipids accumulation by inhibiting the gene expression of FASN and increasing ADPN, and it relieved insulin resistance by increasing GLUT-4 expression. Moreover, LQF alleviated inflammation by reducing IL-6 and CRP levels. CONCLUSION LQF exerted anti-MetS effects through improving insulin sensitivity, ameliorating hyperlipidemia and obesity, reducing liver injury, and inhibiting inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baotian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jialuo He
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Senlin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Tuo
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab, Cluster and Grid Computing Lab, School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Ming Xiang
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Chen K, Kortesniemi MK, Linderborg KM, Yang B. Anthocyanins as Promising Molecules Affecting Energy Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes with Special Reference to Impact of Acylation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1002-1017. [PMID: 36515085 PMCID: PMC9853865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins, the red-orange to blue-violet colorants present in fruits, vegetables, and tubers, have antidiabetic properties expressed via modulating energy metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota. Acylation of the glycosyl moieties of anthocyanins alters the physicochemical properties of anthocyanins and improves their stability. Thus, acylated anthocyanins with probiotic-like property and lower bioavailability are likely to have different biological effects from nonacylated anthocyanins on diabetes. This work highlights recent findings on the antidiabetic effects of acylated anthocyanins from the perspectives of energy metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota compared to the nonacylated anthocyanins and particularly emphasizes the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the beneficial effects of these bioactive molecules, providing a new perspective to explore the different biological effects induced by structurally different anthocyanins. Acylated anthocyanins may have greater modulating effects on energy metabolism, inflammation, and gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes compared to nonacylated anthocyanins.
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11
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Wang X, Zeng Y, He H, Zhang M, Li C, Yang L, Chen J, Huang H. Biological variation of cardiovascular biochemical markers in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 534:161-166. [PMID: 35926682 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to identify the biological variation of ten cardiovascular biochemical markers in T2DM patients to aid in their interpretation. METHODS Blood samples for evaluating ten biomarkers were collected biweekly from 23 T2DM patients (10 men, 13 women) for three months. The analytical variability and variations of within-subject (CVI) and between-subject (CVG) levels were calculated, as well as the analytical performance specifications, reference change value (RCV), and index of individuality (II). RESULTS The levels of total cholesterol (CHOL), apolipoprotein A (apoA), homocysteine (HCY), high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) differed between males and females (P < 0.05). The CVIs or CVGs of the biomakers were higher than those of healthy participants in Westgard online database, except for hsTnT. Triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and NT-proBNP had relatively high CVI, CVG and RCV, whereas CHOL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apoA and HCY showed low variation. Moreover, the II of HDL-C, LP(a), apoA, HCY and hsTnT was <0.6 and other biochemical markers was between 0.6 and 1.4. CONCLUSION The cardiovascular biochemical markers in T2DM patients showed higher CVI or CVG, except for hsTnT. ApoA had the lowest CVI and CVG values. Population-based reference intervals should be used with caution in clinical decision-making for T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - He He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lidan Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Hengjian Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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12
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Qiao YN, Zou YL, Guo SD. Low-density lipoprotein particles in atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:931931. [PMID: 36111155 PMCID: PMC9468243 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.931931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the diseases causing human death, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains number one according to the World Health Organization report in 2021. It is known that atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of CVD. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) is the traditional biological marker of LDL. However, large numbers of patients who have achieved the recommended LDL-C goals still have ASCVD risk. In multiple prospective studies, LDL particle (LDL-P) is reported to be more accurate in predicting CVD risk than LDL-C. LDL-Ps differ in size, density and chemical composition. Numerous clinical studies have proved that the atherogenic mechanisms of LDL-Ps are determined not only by LDL number and size but also by LDL modifications. Of note, small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles possess stronger atherogenic ability compared with large and intermediate LDL subfractions. Besides, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) is another risk factor in atherosclerosis. Among the traditional lipid-lowering drugs, statins induce dramatic reductions in LDL-C and LDL-P to a lesser extend. Recently, proprotein convertase subtilsin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) have been demonstrated to be effective in lowering the levels of LDL-C, LDL-P, as well as CVD events. In this article, we will make a short review of LDL metabolism, discuss the discordance between LDL-C and LDL-P, outline the atherogenic mechanisms of action of LDL by focusing on sdLDL and ox-LDL, summarize the methods used for measurement of LDL subclasses, and conclude the advances in LDL-lowering therapies using statins and PCSK9i.
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13
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Ye J, Li L, Wang M, Ma Q, Tian Y, Zhang Q, Liu J, Li B, Zhang B, Liu H, Sun G. Diabetes Mellitus Promotes the Development of Atherosclerosis: The Role of NLRP3. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900254. [PMID: 35844498 PMCID: PMC9277049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus, involving a variety of pathogenic factors. Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress are hallmarks of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Although the ability of diabetes to promote atherosclerosis has been demonstrated, a deeper understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms is critical to identifying new targets. NLRP3 plays an important role in both diabetes and atherosclerosis. While the diversity of its activation modes is one of the underlying causes of complex effects in the progression of diabetes and atherosclerosis, it also provides many new insights for targeted interventions in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxue Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxiao Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiushi Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bengang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guibo Sun, ; Haitao Liu,
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Guibo Sun, ; Haitao Liu,
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14
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Somacal S, Quatrin A, Ruviaro AR, Conte L, da Silva DT, Roehrs M, da Veiga ML, Duarte MM, de Bem AF, Augusti PR, Emanuelli T. Norbixin, a natural dye that improves serum lipid profile in rabbits and prevents LDL oxidation. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Koutsogianni AD, Liberopoulos E, Tellis K, Tselepis AD. Oxidized phospholipids and lipoprotein(a): An update. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13710. [PMID: 34837383 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been an undiminished interest in lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), mainly carried on this lipoprotein. Elevated Lp(a) has been established as an independent causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease. OxPLs play an important role in atherosclerosis. The main questions that remain to be answered, however, is to what extent OxPLs contribute to the atherogenicity of Lp(a), what effect hypolipidaemic medications may have on their levels and the potential clinical benefit of their reduction. This narrative review aimed to summarize currently available data on OxPLs and cardiovascular risk, as well as the effect of established and emerging hypolipidaemic medications on Lp(a)-OxPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangelos Liberopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tellis
- Department of Chemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros D Tselepis
- Department of Chemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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16
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Ahmadi A, Bagheri Ekta M, Sahebkar A. Mechanisms of antidiabetic drugs and cholesterol efflux: a clinical perspective. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1679-1688. [PMID: 35182734 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a physiological process that reduces excess cholesterol in the body. Cholesterol efflux (CE), an important step in RCT, is mainly mediated by ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 and G1 and has a significant role in atheroprotection. Moreover, impairments in CE can lead to the development of diabetes and fatty liver disease. In this review, we summarize the possible effects of hypoglycemic agents on CE and how this might influence atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia-related pathologies. Newer antidiabetic agents could have significant potential for targeting CE and preventing or alleviating atherosclerosis, obesity, and liver steatosis, and simultaneously improving insulin secretion. However, more research is warranted to interpret the clinical relevance of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadi
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948567, Iran
| | - Mariam Bagheri Ekta
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, 117418 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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17
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Duan J, Chen C, Li H, Ju G, Gao A, Sun Y, Zhang W. Multifaceted Protective Effects of Hesperidin by Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor in Endothelial Cell Injury Induced by Benzo[a]Pyrene. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030574. [PMID: 35276933 PMCID: PMC8838654 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) causes atherosclerosis by activating the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway to trigger lipid peroxidation and inflammation, thereby promoting the development of atherosclerosis. Hesperidin (Hsd), one of the 60 flavonoids of citrus, exhibits therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis. However, its antagonistic function for BaP remains unclear. In this study, the EA.hy926 cell model was used to systematically examine the antagonistic effect of Hsd with BaP, especially in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and transport. Results showed that Hsd could reduce BaP-induced AHR activation in mRNA and protein expression level, and reduce LDL accumulation by decreasing the BaP-induced expression of advanced glycation end products and enhancing the BaP-inhibited Adenosine Triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) protein and mRNA expression in EA.hy926 cells. In addition, Hsd could antagonize BaP-induced interaction of reactive oxygen species and the subsequent generation of oxidized LDL and malondialdehyde. Finally, Hsd could alleviate BaP-induced inflammatory response by decreasing IL-1β and TNF-α expression. All these results suggest that Hsd suppresses LDL accumulation, oxidation, and inflammatory response, and thus strongly impedes the AHR pathway activated by BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Hong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Gaoyan Ju
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ai Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; (J.D.); (C.C.); (H.L.); (G.J.); (A.G.); (Y.S.)
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Protection and Utilization, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Correspondence:
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18
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Qin Z, Zhou C, Xiao X, Guo C. Metformin attenuates sepsis-induced neuronal injury and cognitive impairment. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:78. [PMID: 34911449 PMCID: PMC8675518 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is considered to be a high-risk factor for cognitive impairment in the brain. The purpose of our study is to explore whether sepsis causes cognitive impairment and try to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and intervention measures. METHODS Here, we used cecum ligation and puncture (CLP) to simulate sepsis. Open field, Novel Objective Recognition, and Morris Water Maze Test were used to detect cognitive function, long-term potentiation was used to assess of synaptic plasticity, and molecular biological technics were used to assess synaptic proteins, ELISA kits were used to detect inflammatory factors. Metformin was injected into the lateral ventricle of SD rats, and we evaluated whether metformin alleviated CLP-mediated cognitive impairment using behavioral, electrophysiological and molecular biological technology experiments. RESULTS Here we report hippocampal-dependent cognitive deficits and synaptic dysfunction induced by the CLP, accompanied by a significant increase in inflammatory factors. At the same time, metformin was able to improve cognitive impairment induced by CLP in adult male rats. CONCLUSION These findings highlight a novel pathogenic mechanism of sepsis-related cognitive impairment through activation of inflammatory factors, and these are blocked by metformin to attenuate sepsis-induced neuronal injury and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenliang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochan Xiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuiping Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Ding Y, Zhou Y, Ling P, Feng X, Luo S, Zheng X, Little PJ, Xu S, Weng J. Metformin in cardiovascular diabetology: a focused review of its impact on endothelial function. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:9376-9396. [PMID: 34646376 PMCID: PMC8490502 DOI: 10.7150/thno.64706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a first-line treatment for diabetes, the insulin-sensitizing biguanide, metformin, regulates glucose levels and positively affects cardiovascular function in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular complications. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) represents the primary pathological change of multiple vascular diseases, because it causes decreased arterial plasticity, increased vascular resistance, reduced tissue perfusion and atherosclerosis. Caused by “biochemical injury”, ED is also an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Accumulating evidence shows that metformin improves ED through liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/5'-adenosine monophosphat-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and AMPK-independent targets, including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2). Evaluating the effects of metformin on endothelial cell functions would facilitate our understanding of the therapeutic potential of metformin in cardiovascular diabetology (including diabetes and its cardiovascular complications). This article reviews the physiological and pathological functions of endothelial cells and the intact endothelium, reviews the latest research of metformin in the treatment of diabetes and related cardiovascular complications, and focuses on the mechanism of action of metformin in regulating endothelial cell functions.
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