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Czigle S, Nagy M, Mladěnka P, Tóth J. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions-part I. Herbal medicines of the central nervous system. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16149. [PMID: 38025741 PMCID: PMC10656908 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike conventional drug substances, herbal medicines are composed of a complex of biologically active compounds. Therefore, the potential occurrence of herb-drug interactions is even more probable than for drug-drug interactions. Interactions can occur on both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic level. Herbal medicines may affect the resulting efficacy of the concomitantly used (synthetic) drugs, mainly on the pharmacokinetic level, by changing their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Studies on the pharmacodynamic interactions of herbal medicines and conventional drugs are still very limited. This interaction level is related to the mechanism of action of different plant constituents. Herb-drug interactions can cause changes in drug levels and activities and lead to therapeutic failure and/or side effects (sometimes toxicities, even fatal). This review aims to provide a summary of recent information on the potential drug interactions involving commonly used herbal medicines that affect the central nervous system (Camellia, Valeriana, Ginkgo, Hypericum, Humulus, Cannabis) and conventional drugs. The survey databases were used to identify primary scientific publications, case reports, and secondary databases on interactions were used later on as well. Search keywords were based on plant names (botanical genera), officinal herbal drugs, herbal drug preparations, herbal drug extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Czigle
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Milan Nagy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Tóth
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - the OEMONOM.
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Labani N, Gbahou F, Noblet M, Masri B, Broussaud O, Liu J, Jockers R. Pistacia vera Extract Potentiates the Effect of Melatonin on Human Melatonin MT 1 and MT 2 Receptors with Functional Selectivity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1845. [PMID: 37514032 PMCID: PMC10386454 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a tryptophan derivative synthesized in plants and animals. In humans, melatonin acts on melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Synthetic melatonin receptor agonists are prescribed for insomnia and depressive and circadian-related disorders. Here, we tested 25 commercial plant extracts, reported to have beneficial properties in sleep disorders and anxiety, using cellular assays (2─[125I]iodomelatonin binding, cAMP inhibition, ERK1/2 activation and β-arrestin2 recruitment) in mock-transfected and HEK293 cells expressing MT1 or MT2. Various melatonin receptor-dependent and -independent effects were observed. Extract 18 (Ex18) from Pistacia vera dried fruits stood out with very potent effects in melatonin receptor expressing cells. The high content of endogenous melatonin in Ex18 (5.28 ± 0.46 mg/g extract) is consistent with this observation. Ex18 contains an additional active principle that potentiates the effect of melatonin on Gi protein-dependent pathways but not on β-arrestin2 recruitment. Further active principles potentiating exogenous melatonin were detected in several extracts. In conclusion, we identified plant extracts with various effects in GPCR-based binding and signalling assays and identified high melatonin levels and a melatonin-potentiating activity in Pistacia vera dried fruit extracts that might be of therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedjma Labani
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, University of Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Florence Gbahou
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, University of Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Marc Noblet
- Science Hub, Sanofi Consumer Healthcare, F-75017 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Masri
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, University of Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Jianfeng Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, University of Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
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Ye M, Lee S, Yu HJ, Kim KR, Park HJ, Kang IC, Kang SA, Chung YS, Shim I. Sedative-Hypnotic Effects of Glycine max Merr. Extract and Its Active Ingredient Genistein on Electric-Shock-Induced Sleep Disturbances in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087043. [PMID: 37108207 PMCID: PMC10138376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine max Merr. (GM) is a functional food that provides many beneficial phytochemicals. However, scientific evidence of its antidepressive and sedative activities is scarce. The present study was designed to investigate the antidepressive and calmative effects of GM and its biologically active compound, genistein (GE), using electroencephalography (EEG) analysis in an electric foot shock (EFS)-stressed rat. The underlying neural mechanisms of their beneficial effects were determined by assessing corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), serotonin (5-HT), and c-Fos immunoreactivity in the brain using immunohistochemical methods. In addition, the 5-HT2C receptor binding assay was performed because it is considered a major target of antidepressants and sleep aids. In the binding assay, GM displayed binding affinity to the 5-HT2C receptor (IC50 value of 14.25 ± 11.02 µg/mL). GE exhibited concentration-dependent binding affinity, resulting in the binding of GE to the 5-HT2C receptor (IC50, 77.28 ± 26.57 mg/mL). Administration of GM (400 mg/kg) increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep time. Administration of GE (30 mg/kg) decreased wake time and increased rapid eye movement (REM) and NREM sleep in EPS-stressed rats. In addition, treatment with GM and GE significantly decreased c-Fos and CRF expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and increased 5-HT levels in the dorsal raphe in the brain. Overall, these results suggest that GM and GE have antidepressant-like effects and are effective in sleep maintenance. These results will benefit researchers in developing alternatives to decrease depression and prevent sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsook Ye
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - SunYoung Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Yu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Ri Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Youngtong-gu, Suwon 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Cheol Kang
- BioChip Research Center, Department of Biological Science, College of Biological Science, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
- Innopharma screen Inc., Incheon 21988, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ah Kang
- Department of Conversing Technology, Graduate School of Venture, Hoseo University, Seoul 06724, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Chung
- Department of Biotechnology and The Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Effect of Modified Yukmijihwang-Tang on Sleep Quality in the Rat. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:277-286. [PMID: 35735604 PMCID: PMC9221690 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plants have been used in Korean medicine for treating insomnia. However, scientific evidence for their sedative activity has not been fully investigated. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the sedative effects of the extracts of medicinal plants, including Yukmijihwang-tang and its various modified forms through the 5-HT2c receptor binding assay, and to further confirm its sleep-promoting effects and the underlying neural mechanism in rats utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure serotonin (5-HT) in the brain. The water extracts of modified Yukmijihwang-tang (YmP) displayed binding affinity to the 5-HT2C receptor (IC50 value of 199.9 µg/mL). YmP (50 mg/kg) administration decreased wake time and increased REM and NREM sleep based on EEG data in rats. Additionally, treatment with YmP significantly increased the 5-HT level in the hypothalamus. In conclusion, the sedative effect of YmP can be attributed to the activation of the central serotonergic systems, as evidenced by the high affinity of binding of the 5-HT2C receptor and increased 5-HT levels in the brain of the rat. This study suggests that YmP can be a new material as a sleep inducer in natural products.
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Sedative–Hypnotic Activity of the Water Extracts of Coptidis Rhizoma in Rodents. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:145-159. [PMID: 35323168 PMCID: PMC8947684 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many medicinal plants have been used in Asia for treating a variety of mental diseases, including insomnia and depression. However, their sedative–hypnotic effects and mechanisms have not been clarified yet. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to investigate the sedative–hypnotic effects of water extracts of five medicinal plants: Coptidis Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus, Angelicae sinensis Radix, Bupleuri Radix, and Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg. The binding abilities of five medicinal plant extracts to the GABAA–BZD and 5-HT2C receptors were compared. Their abilities to activate arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), a melatonin synthesis enzyme, in pineal cells were also determined. Following in vitro tests, the sedative and hypnotic activities of extracts with the highest activities were determined in an animal sleep model. In the binding assay, the water extracts of Coptidis Rhizoma (WCR) showed high binding affinity to the GABAA–BZD and 5-HT2C receptors in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, WCR increased the AANAT activity up to five times compared with the baseline level. Further animal sleep model experiments showed that WCR potentiated pentobarbital-induced sleep by prolonging the sleep time. It also decreased the sleep onset time in mice. In addition, WCR reduced wake time and increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep without EEG power density (percentages of δ, θ, and α waves) during NREM sleep in rats. WCR could effectively induce NREM sleep without altering the architectural physiologic profile of sleep. This is the first report of the sedative–hypnotic effect of Coptidis Rhizoma possibly by regulating GABAA and 5-HT2C receptors and by activating AANAT activity.
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Traditional Herbal Remedies Used for Managing Anxiety and Insomnia in Italy: An Ethnopharmacological Overview. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and insomnia are among the most common mental health disorders and are a major cause of disability around the world. Traditional herbal medicines are receiving significant attention in global health debates. Several Italian regions maintain rural traditions and are among the most extensively studied areas of Europe regarding medicinal plant uses. The present overview aims to highlight the use of wild and cultivated plants, specifically as sedatives and for insomnia treatment in Italy, and to collect, analyze, and summarize the available literature about their pharmacological activity as well as clinical and pre-clinical studies concerning the most cited plants. In total, 106 wild taxa are used in Italy for sedative purposes. The plant species belong to 76 genera and 32 families, of which the most cited are Asteraceae (24.2%) and Lamiaceae (21.1%). Leaves (29%) and flowers (27%) are the plant parts mostly used as infusion (70%) and decoction (25%). Out of 106 taxa documented, only the most cited are analyzed in this overview (A. arvensis L., C. nepeta L., C. monogyna Jacq., H. lupulus L., L. nobilis L., L. angustifolia Mill., M. sylvestris L., M. chamomilla L., M. officinalis L., O. basilicum L., P. rhoeas L., P. somniferum L., R. officinalis L., T. platyphyllus Scop., and V. officinalis L.). Among the fifteen species selected, only seven have been studied for their pharmacological activity as hypnotic-sedatives. Future pre-clinical and clinical studies are needed to better clarify the mechanism of action of bioactive compounds and confirm the potential of these alternative therapies.
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Urmann C, Bieler L, Priglinger E, Aigner L, Couillard-Despres S, Riepl HM. Neuroregenerative Potential of Prenyl- and Pyranochalcones: A Structure-Activity Study. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2675-2682. [PMID: 34542287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Loss of neuronal tissue is a hallmark of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Since adult neurogenesis has been confirmed in the human brain, great interest has arisen in substances stimulating the endogenous neuronal regeneration mechanism based on adult neural stem cells. Medicinal plants are a valuable source of neuroactive small molecules. In the structure-activity study presented here, the activities of prenyl- and pyranochalcones were compared to each other, using a differentiation assay based on the doublecortin promoter sequences. The latter revealed that the pyrano ring is a crucial structural element for the induction of neuronal differentiation of adult neural stem cells, while compounds with a prenyl group show significantly lower activities. Furthermore, a decrease of pro-differentiation activity was observed following structural modifications, such as substitutions on the pyrano ring and on the B-ring of the chalcone. We also initiated the elucidation of the structural characteristics of the newly discovered lead substance xanthohumol C, which correlated with the activation of the doublecortin promoter during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Urmann
- Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Organic-analytical Chemistry, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eleni Priglinger
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, https://www.tissue-regeneration.at/
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, https://www.tissue-regeneration.at/
| | - Herbert M Riepl
- Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Organic-analytical Chemistry, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
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Zhang G, Zhang N, Yang A, Huang J, Ren X, Xian M, Zou H. Hop bitter acids: resources, biosynthesis, and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4343-4356. [PMID: 34021813 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diversified members of hop bitter acids (α- and β-acids) have been found in hop (Humulus lupulus). Mixtures of hop bitter acids have been traditionally applied in brewing and food industries as bitterness flavors or food additives. Recent studies have discovered novel applications of hop bitter acids and their derivatives in medicinal and pharmaceutical fields. The increasing demands of purified hop bitter acid promoted biosynthesis efforts for the heterologous biosynthesis of objective hop bitter acids by engineered microbial factories. In this study, the updated information of hop bitter acids and their representative application in brewing, food, and medicine fields are reviewed. We also speculate future trends on the development of robust microbial cell factories and biotechnologies for the biosynthesis of hop bitter acids. KEY POINTS: • Structures and applications of hop bitter acids are summarized in this study. • Biosynthesis of hop bitter acids remains challenging. • We discuss potential strategies in the microbial production of hop bitter acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Anran Yang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Jingling Huang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Xueni Ren
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Huibin Zou
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Al-Attraqchi OHA, Deb PK, Al-Attraqchi NHA. Review of the Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Valeriana officinalis. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190314112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracts of Valeriana officinalis (V. officinalis) are among the most widely used herbal medications worldwide. The roots of this medicinal plant have been shown to be rich in a diverse set of phytochemicals that are biologically active. Various classes of chemical compounds are present in the roots of V. officinalis including, terpenes valepotriates and lignans. The high amount of bioactive chemical components in the extracts of this plant gives it potential medicinal applications in different pathological conditions such as sleep disorders, cardiovascular diseases, anxiety and depression. The most common medicinal use of V. officinalis extract is for the treatment of insomnia and improving the quality of sleep. Mild sedative effects of the extract, as well as the absence of any significant side effects, make it a popular alternative to the synthetic sedative drugs which are usually associated with undesirable adverse effects. In this review, the bioactive chemical components of V. officinalis and their pharmacological activities are highlighted. Also, the medicinal applications of valerian (V. officinalis) extracts and the possible mechanisms of action for the activities are discussed.
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Rezaei H, Rahimpour E, Ghafourian T, Martinez F, Barzegar-Jalali M, Jouyban A. Solubility of caffeine in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone + ethanol mixture at different temperatures. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rubio‐Beltrán E, Labastida‐Ramírez A, Haanes KA, van den Bogaerdt A, Bogers AJ, Zanelli E, Meeus L, Danser AJ, Gralinski MR, Senese PB, Johnson KW, Kovalchin J, Villalón CM, MaassenVanDenBrink A. Characterization of binding, functional activity, and contractile responses of the selective 5-HT 1F receptor agonist lasmiditan. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4681-4695. [PMID: 31418454 PMCID: PMC6965684 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Triptans are 5-HT1B/1D receptor agonists (that also display 5-HT1F receptor affinity) with antimigraine action, contraindicated in patients with coronary artery disease due to their vasoconstrictor properties. Conversely, lasmiditan was developed as an antimigraine 5-HT1F receptor agonist. To assess the selectivity and cardiovascular effects of lasmiditan, we investigated the binding, functional activity, and in vitro/in vivo vascular effects of lasmiditan and compared it to sumatriptan. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Binding and second messenger activity assays of lasmiditan and other serotoninergic agonists were performed for human 5-HT1A , 5-HT1B , 5-HT1D , 5-ht1E , 5-HT1F , 5-HT2A , 5-HT2B , and 5-HT7 receptors, and the results were correlated with their potency to constrict isolated human coronary arteries (HCAs). Furthermore, concentration-response curves to lasmiditan and sumatriptan were performed in proximal and distal HCA, internal mammary, and middle meningeal arteries. Finally, anaesthetized female beagle dogs received i.v. infusions of lasmiditan or sumatriptan in escalating cumulative doses, and carotid and coronary artery diameters were measured. KEY RESULTS Lasmiditan showed high selectivity for 5-HT1F receptors. Moreover, the functional potency of the analysed compounds to inhibit cAMP increase through 5-HT1B receptor activation positively correlated with their potency to contract HCA. In isolated human arteries, sumatriptan, but not lasmiditan, induced contractions. Likewise, in vivo, sumatriptan decreased coronary and carotid artery diameters at clinically relevant doses, while lasmiditan was devoid of vasoconstrictor activity at all doses tested. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Lasmiditan is a selective 5-HT1F receptor agonist devoid of vasoconstrictor activity. This may represent a cardiovascular safety advantage when compared to the triptans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Rubio‐Beltrán
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Internal MedicineErasmus University Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Labastida‐Ramírez
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Internal MedicineErasmus University Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kristian A. Haanes
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Internal MedicineErasmus University Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Antoon van den Bogaerdt
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryErasmus University Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ad J.J.C. Bogers
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryErasmus University Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eric Zanelli
- Research and DevelopmentDéclion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.MarbleheadMassachusetts
| | - Laurent Meeus
- Euroscreen Fast Services UnitEpics Therapeutics SAGosseliesBelgium
| | - A.H. Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Internal MedicineErasmus University Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Kirk W. Johnson
- Lilly Corporate CenterEli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolisIndiana
| | - Joseph Kovalchin
- Research and DevelopmentCoLucid Pharmaceuticals, Inc.CambridgeMassachusetts
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Kim HW, Suh HJ, Choi HS, Hong KB, Jo K. Effectiveness of the Sleep Enhancement by Green Romaine Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in a Rodent Model. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:1726-1732. [PMID: 31582660 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the extracts of green romaine lettuce (GRE) on sleep enhancement. GRE contains 1071.7 and 199.2 µg/g of extracts of lactucin and lactucopicrin, respectively, known as sleep enhancement substances. When 100 mg/kg of GRE was administered orally, sleep latency and duration time were significantly increased compared to controls (p < 0.05). Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep decreased with 100 mg/kg of GRE administration and non-REM (NREM) sleep also increased. There was no significant difference between REM and NREM among the oral GRE administration groups receiving 100, 120, and 160 mg/kg GRE. In the caffeine-induced insomnia model, total sleep time was significantly increased by 100 mg/kg GRE administration compared to the caffeine-treated group (p < 0.05). In addition, GRE inhibited the binding of [3H]-flumazenil in a concentration-dependent manner, and affinity of both lactucin and lactucopicrin to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A-benzodiazepine (BDZ) receptor was 80.7% and 55.9%, respectively. Finally, in the pentobarbital-induced sleep mouse model, the sleep enhancement effect of GRE was inhibited by flumazenil, an antagonist of BDZ. Thus, these results demonstrate that GRE acts via a GABAergic mechanism to promote sleep in a rodent model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Won Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- BK21Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University
| | - Kyungae Jo
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University
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Jo K, Kim H, Choi HS, Lee SS, Bang MH, Suh HJ. Isolation of a sleep-promoting compound from Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1833-1842. [PMID: 30483448 PMCID: PMC6233407 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify sleep-promoting substance from Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome extract (PSE) with the regulation of sleep architecture. PSE showed a decrease in sleep latency time and an increase in the sleeping time. In the electroencephalography analysis of rats, PSE (150 mg/kg) showed an increase of non-rapid eye movement by 38% and a decrease of rapid eye movement by 31% compared to the control. This sleep-promoting activity was found to be involved in the GABAA-BDZ receptor. The chemical structure of the pure compound was determined by the 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis; active compound was glyceryl-1-monolinoleate. The commercial standard glyceryl-1-monolinoleate showed a similar inhibitory concentration on [3H]-flumazenil binding to GABAA-BDZ receptors with final active fraction of PSE. The results indicate that glyceryl-1-monolinoleate is a major active compound responsible for the PSE-derived sleep promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungae Jo
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 07249 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul, 01797 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Su Lee
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Myun-Ho Bang
- Skin Biotechnology Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 07249 Republic of Korea
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Choi HS, Ko BS, Kim HD, Hong KB, Suh HJ. Effect of Valerian/Hop Mixture on Sleep-Related Behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 40:1101-1110. [PMID: 28674253 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the sleep-promoting effect of a Valerian/Hops mixture in fruit flies. The HPLC analysis showed that Valerenic acid (1260.53 µg/g of extract) and Xanthohumol (Cascade: 827.49 µg/g, Hallertau: 763.60 µg/g, Saaz: 186.93 µg/g) were contained in Valerian and Hop, respectively. The sleep patterns of fruit flies on the Valerian/Hops were examined in both baseline and caffeine-treated conditions. Total activities of flies significantly decreased in 20 mg/mL Valerian (74%), 10 mg/mL Cascade (25%), and 5 mg/mL Hallertau (11%) during nighttime or daytime compared with the control. Valerian/Cascade mixture showed longer sleeping time (ca. 20%) than control group. This mixture-mediated effect was partly observed in caffeine-treated flies. Valerian/Cascade mixture upregulated mRNA expressions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and serotonin receptor, and GABA receptors were more strongly regulated than serotonin receptor. In competitive GABA receptor binding assay, Valerian/Cascade mixture extract showed a higher binding ability on GABA receptor than Valerenic acid or/and Xanthohumol which are estimated to be active compounds in the extract. This study demonstrates that a Valerian/Cascade mixture extract improves sleep-related behaviors, including sleeping time, by modulating GABAergic/serotonergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University
| | - Bong Soo Ko
- Research and Development Center, Namyang Dairy Products Corporation
| | - Hae Dun Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Science Program, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University
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15
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Choi HS, Hong KB, Han SH, Suh HJ. Valerian/Cascade mixture promotes sleep by increasing non-rapid eye movement (NREM) in rodent model. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:913-920. [PMID: 29710491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effect of Valerian/Cascade mixture on sleeping in mammal models. In pentobarbital-induced sleep model, Valerian, Cascade, and Valerian/Cascade mixture significantly reduced the latency time for sleeping, and total sleeping time effectively increased in these sample groups compared with the control. Valerian/Cascade mixture increased sleep duration by 37%. The mixture significantly increased the non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep time by 53% compared with the control, while REM sleeping time was decreased by 33% with Valerian/Cascade mixture, in Electroencephalography (EEG) analysis, resulting in the increase of total sleep time and the decrease of awakening. This sleep-promoting effect was obvious in caffeine-induced awakening model; Valerian, Cascade, and the mixture significantly enhanced NREM and total sleep time, which were reduced by caffeine. Caffeine-induced increase of awakening was effectively deceased to the normal level by these three samples. In particular, delta wave responsible for deep sleep in NREM was greatly increased by the mixture in both normal and caffeine-induced awake models. This sleep-promoting effect of Valerian/Cascade mixture was shown to be due to the upregulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAAR). Valerian/Cascade mixture showed 91% binding capacity to GABAA-BZD receptor. Two compounds, Valerenic acid and Xanthohumol, were shown to significantly contribute to the binding activity of Valerian/Cascade mixture on the GABA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Science Program, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, United States
| | - Sung Hee Han
- BK21Plus, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Yoo JH, Ha TW, Hong JT, Oh KW. Sinomenine, an Alkaloid Derived from Sinomenium acutum Potentiates Pentobarbital-Induced Sleep Behaviors and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) Sleep in Rodents. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:586-592. [PMID: 29081090 PMCID: PMC5685427 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinomenium acutum has been long used in the preparations of traditional medicine in Japan, China and Korea for the treatment of various disorders including rheumatism, fever, pulmonary diseases and mood disorders. Recently, it was reported that Sinomenium acutum, has sedative and anxiolytic effects mediated by GABA-ergic systems. These experiments were performed to investigate whether sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid derived from Sinomenium acutum enhances pentobarbital-induced sleep via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic systems, and modulates sleep architecture in mice. Oral administration of SIN (40 mg/kg) markedly reduced spontaneous locomotor activity, similar to diazepam (a benzodiazepine agonist) in mice. SIN shortened sleep latency, and increased total sleep time in a dose-dependent manner when co-administrated with pentobarbital (42 mg/kg, i.p.). SIN also increased the number of sleeping mice and total sleep time by concomitant administration with the sub-hypnotic dosage of pentobarbital (28 mg/kg, i.p.). SIN reduced the number of sleep-wake cycles, and increased total sleep time and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. In addition, SIN also increased chloride influx in the primary cultured hypothalamic neuronal cells. Furthermore, protein overexpression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65/67) and GABAA receptor subunits by western blot were found, being activated by SIN. In conclusion, SIN augments pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through GABAA-ergic systems, and increased NREM sleep. It could be a candidate for the treatment of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeon Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Ha
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Dietary Supplements for Insomnia. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-017-0091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Palmieri G, Contaldi P, Fogliame G. Evaluation of effectiveness and safety of a herbal compound in primary insomnia symptoms and sleep disturbances not related to medical or psychiatric causes. Nat Sci Sleep 2017; 9:163-169. [PMID: 28603433 PMCID: PMC5457154 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s117770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sleep disturbances and related daytime activities impairment are common diseases nowadays. General practitioners are often the first health care professional asked to alleviate sleep disturbances and primary insomnia symptoms. Beyond a wide class of hypnotic drugs, botanicals can represent an alternative treatment for those kinds of symptoms. The scope of the present study is to evaluate safety and effectiveness of a herbal compound composed of valerian, hop, and jujube (Vagonotte®) on primary insomnia symptoms and sleep disturbances not related to medical or psychiatric causes. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty subjects with sleep disturbances symptoms were randomized in two branches of 60 persons each, receiving the herbal compound or placebo at dosage of two pills per day 30 minutes before their scheduled bedtime. All subjects were screened for precise items related to sleep quality and daytime activity at the beginning, after 10 days, and after 20 days of consecutive dietary supplement (or placebo) consumption. The participants remained blind to group assignment until all of them completed the trial. RESULTS Sleep onset, numbers of nocturnal awakenings, and overall nocturnal slept time were assessed. A statistically significant difference between the two groups emerged. The group receiving the herbal compound showed a lower time of sleep onset compared to placebo group, the same result was obtained for total slept time and night awakenings frequency (p<0.001). Daily symptom improvement in subjects receiving the herbal compound showed significant reduction in tension and irritability, difficulty in concentration, and fatigue intensity, if compared to placebo scores (p<0.001). None of the 60 subjects in the verum group reported adverse reaction related to the herbal compound, and 98% of subjects judged the product as having from good to excellent safety and tolerability. CONCLUSION Botanicals dietary supplement with relaxing and soothing properties can help practitioner to treat primary insomnia, especially when the risk/benefit profile of a patient does not sustain hypnotic drugs prescription. This clinical investigation on safety and effectiveness of a herbal compound made of valerian, hop, and jujube opens interesting perspectives on usage of herbal compound to manage primary insomnia. Further investigations could help in understanding herbal compounds' effectiveness on sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Palmieri
- ANARDI Medical and Scientific Association, Scafati, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Contaldi
- ANARDI Medical and Scientific Association, Scafati, Italy
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Rahman H, Khan UA, Qasim M, Muhammad N, Khan MD, Asif M, Azizullah A, Adnan M, Murad W. Ethnomedicinal Cichorium intybus Seed Extracts: An Impending Preparation against Multidrug Resistant Bacterial Pathogens. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e35436. [PMID: 28138372 PMCID: PMC5240155 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.35436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was undertaken to analyze the phytochemical content and biological activity of Cichorium intybus seeds traditionally used in Charsadda, Pakistan against multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens. OBJECTIVES This study explored the qualitative and quantitative antibacterial potential of C. intybus. Further qualitative analysis of phytochemical content was performed. METHODS Cichorium intybus seed extracts were prepared in aqueous, chloroform, ethanol, and hexane separately. RESULTS All the extracts of C. intybus seeds were screened for antibacterial activity and phytochemical content. Cichorium intybus seed extract showed considerable activity against MDR pathogenic bacteria. In the well diffusion method, aqueous extracts showed a higher zone of inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16 mm ± 0.7 mm) and Acinetobacter baumannii (13 mm ± 0.5 mm), whereas chloroform, ethanol, and hexane extracts showed activity against P. aeruginosa (11 mm ± 0.3 mm, 12 mm ± 0.5 mm, and 11 mm ± 0 mm, respectively) as compared to Imipenem, a broad spectrum antibiotic. Minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values for aqueous and ethanol extracts indicate that they were more effective against MDR bacteria. Phytochemical analysis revealed that aqueous and ethanol extracts were rich in alkaloids, carbohydrates, gallotannins, and triterpenoids, whereas chloroform and hexane extracts were more concentrated with phenolics, pseudotannins, saponins, and tannins. Cichorium intybus seed extract demonstrated potential activity against MDR human pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSIONS The undertaken study has for the first time reported the effects of C. intybus seed extracts against MDR bacterial pathogens. Findings of the current study will be helpful for further elucidation of bioactive molecules for therapeutic use against MDR bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
- Corresponding author: Hazir Rahman, Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. Tel: +92-3479854732, E-mail:
| | - Usman Ali Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Noor Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daud Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Murad
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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Karabín M, Hudcová T, Jelínek L, Dostálek P. Biologically Active Compounds from Hops and Prospects for Their Use. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 15:542-567. [PMID: 33401815 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although female cones of the hop plant (Humulus lupulus) are known primarily as raw material supplying characteristic bitterness and aroma to beer, their equally significant health-promoting effects have been known to mankind for several thousand years and hop is a plant traditionally utilized in folk medicine. This paper summarizes the scientific knowledge on the effects of all 3 major groups of secondary metabolites of hops; polyphenols, essential oils, and resins. Because of their chemical diversity, it is no coincidence that these compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmacologically important properties. In addition to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer-related properties, particular attention is being paid to prenylflavonoids that occur almost exclusively in hops and are considered to be some of the most active phytoestrogens known. Hop oils and resins are well known for their sedative and other neuropharmacological properties, but in addition, these compounds exhibit antibacterial and antifungal effects. Recently, alpha bitter acids have been shown to block the development of a number of complex lifestyle diseases that are referred to by the collective name "metabolic syndrome." Information presented in this review confirms the significant potential for the use of hops in the pharmaceutical industry and provides an understanding of beer as a natural drink that, although moderately consumed, may become a source of many health-promoting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Karabín
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Hudcová
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Jelínek
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dostálek
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Univ. of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Hong KB, Park Y, Suh HJ. Sleep-promoting effects of a GABA/5-HTP mixture: Behavioral changes and neuromodulation in an invertebrate model. Life Sci 2016; 150:42-9. [PMID: 26921634 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was to investigate the sleep promoting effects of combined γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), by examining neuronal processes governing mRNA level alterations, as well as assessing neuromodulator concentrations, in a fruit fly model. MAIN METHODS Behavioral assays were applied to investigate subjective nighttime activity, sleep episodes, and total duration of subjective nighttime sleep of two amino acids and GABA/5-HTP mixture with caffeine treated flies. Also, real-time PCR and HPLC analysis were applied to analyze the signaling pathway. KEY FINDINGS Subjective nighttime activity and sleep patterns of individual flies significantly decreased with 1% GABA treatment in conjunction with 0.1% 5-HTP treatment (p<0.001). Furthermore, GABA/5-HTP mixture resulted in significant differences between groups related to sleep patterns (40%, p<0.017) and significantly induced subjective nighttime sleep in the awake model (p<0.003). These results related to transcript levels of the GABAB receptor (GABAB-R1) and serotonin receptor (5-HT1A), compared to the control group. In addition, GABA/5-HTP mixture significantly increased GABA levels 1h and 12h following treatment (2.1 fold and 1.2 fold higher than the control, respectively) and also increased 5-HTP levels (0 h: 1.01 μg/protein, 12h: 3.45 μg/protein). SIGNIFICANCE In this regard, we successfully demonstrated that using a GABA/5-HTP mixture modulates subjective nighttime activity, sleep episodes, and total duration of subjective nighttime sleep to a greater extent than single administration of each amino acid, and that this modulation occurs via GABAergic and serotonergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Yoo JH, Ha TW, Hong JT, Oh KW. Rhynchophylline, One of Major Constituents ofUncariae Ramulus et UncusEnhances Pentobarbital-induced Sleep Behaviors and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Rodents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.20307/nps.2016.22.4.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyeon Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 Republic of Korea
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23
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Joung HY, Kang YM, Lee BJ, Chung SY, Kim KS, Shim I. Sedative-Hypnotic and Receptor Binding Studies of Fermented Marine Organisms. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:479-85. [PMID: 26336589 PMCID: PMC4556209 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the sedative-hypnotic activity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-enriched fermented marine organisms (FMO), including sea tangle (FST) and oyster (FO) by Lactobacillus brevis BJ20 (L. brevis BJ20). FST and FO were tested for their binding activity of the GABAA-benzodiazepine and 5-HT2C receptors, which are well-known molecular targets for sleep aids. We also measured the sleep latency and sleep duration during pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice after oral administration of FST and FO. In GABAA and 5-HT2C receptor binding assays, FST displayed an effective concentration-dependent binding affinity to GABAA receptor, similar to the binding affinity to 5-HT2C receptor. FO exhibited higher affinity to 5-HT2C receptor, compared with the GABAA receptor. The oral administration of FST and FO produced a dose-dependent decrease in sleep latency and increase in sleep duration in pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. The data demonstrate that FST and FO possess sedative-hypnotic activity possibly by modulating GABAA and 5-HT2C receptors. We propose that FST and FO might be effective agents for treatment of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Joung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701 ; Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701
| | | | | | - Sun Yong Chung
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278
| | - Kyung-Soo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701
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24
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Franco L, Galán C, Bravo R, Bejarano I, Peñas-Lledo E, Rodríguez AB, Barriga C, Cubero J. Effect of non-alcohol beer on anxiety: Relationship of 5-HIAA. NEUROCHEM J+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971241502004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Kim JS, Ahn JD, Cho SI. Effects of Valerianae Radix et Rhizoma extract on psychological stress in mice. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:381-8. [PMID: 25829779 PMCID: PMC4378138 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.153093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of Valerianae Radix et Rhizoma water extract (VRe) originated from Valeriana fauriei Briquet on reducing psychological stress (PS) on mice. Objective: Mice were put under PS with communication box method: Restraining mice and forcing to see other mice underfoot shock stress. Materials and Methods: Measurements on plasma corticosterone, noradrenaline and lipid peroxidation, and elevated plus-maze (EPM) tests were carried out to determine the effect of VRe administration on physiological and behavioral responses of mice. Results: VRe showed anxiolytic effects in plasma corticosterone, noradrenaline, and EPM transfer latency levels, but it did not show any significant effects on the other indicators. Conclusion: V. fauriei, which has been used as a natural anxiolytic drug, exerts positive effects in the communication box induced PS in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Suk Kim
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College of London, London, UK
| | - Jeong Deok Ahn
- Department of Sport Science, College of Sport Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-In Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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26
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Liu L, Liu C, Wang Y, Wang P, Li Y, Li B. Herbal Medicine for Anxiety, Depression and Insomnia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2015; 13:481-93. [PMID: 26412068 PMCID: PMC4790408 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x1304150831122734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and comorbidity of psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and insomnia are very common. These well-known forms of psychiatric disorders have been affecting many people from all around the world. Herb alone, as well as herbal formula, is commonly prescribed for the therapies of mental illnesses. Since various adverse events of western medication exist, the number of people who use herbs to benefit their health is increasing. Over the past decades, the exploration in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has received much attention. Literatures showed a variety of herbal mechanisms of action used for the therapy of depression, anxiety and insomnia, involving reuptake of monoamines, affecting neuroreceptor binding and channel transporter activity, modulating neuronal communication or hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) etc. Nonetheless, a systematic review on herbal pharmacology in depression, anxiety and insomnia is still lacking. This review has been performed to further identify modes of action of different herbal medicine, and thus provides useful information for the application of herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Changhong Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Yicun Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Pu Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Yuxin Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
| | - Bingjin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China
- Life Sciences Institute, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China 130024
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27
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Franco L, Bravo R, Galán C, Rodríguez AB, Barriga C, Cubero J. Effect of non-alcoholic beer on Subjective Sleep Quality in a university stressed population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 101:353-61. [PMID: 25183509 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.101.2014.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation affects the homeostasis of the physiological functions in the human organism. Beer is the only beverage that contains hops, a plant which has a sedative effect. Our objective is to determine the improvement of subjective sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The sample was conducted among a population of 30 university students. The study took place during a period of 3 weeks, the first 7 days were used for the Control, and during the following 14 days the students ingested beer (were asked to drink non-alcoholic beer) while having dinner. The results revealed that Subjective Sleep Quality improved in the case of those students who drank one beer during dinner compared to the Control, this is corroborated by the fact that Sleep Latency decreased (p < 0.05) compared to their Control. The overall rating Global Score of Quality of Sleep also improved significantly (p < 0.05). These results confirm that the consumption of non-alcoholic beer at dinner time helps to improve the quality of sleep at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Franco
- University of Extremadura Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology Badajoz Spain
| | - R Bravo
- University of Extremadura Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology Badajoz Spain
| | - C Galán
- University of Extremadura Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology Badajoz Spain
| | - A B Rodríguez
- University of Extremadura Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology Badajoz Spain
| | - C Barriga
- University of Extremadura Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology Badajoz Spain
| | - Javier Cubero
- University of Extremadura Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology Badajoz Spain University of Extremadura Laboratory of Health Education, Experimental Sciences Education Area Av/de Elvas S/N CP: 06006 Badajoz Spain
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Shah VK, Choi JJ, Han JY, Lee MK, Hong JT, Oh KW. Pachymic Acid Enhances Pentobarbital-Induced Sleeping Behaviors via GABAA-ergic Systems in Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:314-20. [PMID: 25143810 PMCID: PMC4131518 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was investigated to know whether pachymic acid (PA), one of the predominant triterpenoids in Poria cocos (Hoelen) has the sedative-hypnotic effects, and underlying mechanisms are mediated via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic systems. Oral administration of PA markedly suppressed locomotion activity in mice. This compound also prolonged sleeping time, and reduced sleep latency showing synergic effects with muscimol (0.2 mg/kg) in shortening sleep onset and enhancing sleep time induced by pentobarbital, both at the hypnotic (40 mg/kg) and sub-hypnotic (28 mg/kg) doses. Additionally, PA elevated intracellular chloride levels in hypothalamic primary cultured neuronal cells of rats. Moreover, Western blotting quantitative results showed that PA increased the amount of protein level expression of GAD65/67 over a broader range of doses. PA increased α- and β-subunits protein levels, but decreased γ-subunit protein levels in GABAA receptors. The present experiment provides evidence for the hypnotic effects as PA enhanced pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors via GABAA-ergic mechanisms in rodents. Taken together, it is proposed that PA may be useful for the treatment of sleep disturbed subjects with insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar Shah
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Joon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yi Han
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Antinociceptive Effects of Valeriana Extract in Mice: Involvement of the Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Systems. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-013-9392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Franco L, Sánchez C, Bravo R, Rodriguez A, Barriga C, Juánez JC. The sedative effects of hops (Humulus lupulus), a component of beer, on the activity/rest rhythm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 99:133-9. [PMID: 22849837 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.99.2012.2.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The hop (Humulus lupulus), a component of beer, is a sedative plant whose pharmacological activity is due principally to its bitter resins, especially to the α-acid component 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. The mechanism of action of the resin of hop consists of increasing the activity of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric (GABA), inhibiting the central nervous system (CNS). OBJECTIVES To analyze in an experimental model of diurnal animal the sedative effect of hop, a component of beer, on the activity/rest rhythm. METHODS Experiments were performed with common quail (Coturnix coturnix) similar to humans in the sleep-wake rhythm, isolated in 25 × 25 × 25 cm methacrylate cages, with food and water ad libitum, in a room with artificial ventilation (22 ± 1 °C) and a lighting cycle of 12L/12D (n = 5). The doses administered, close to the content of non-alcoholic beer, were 1, 2 and 11 mg extract of hop as one capsule per day, at 18:00 h for one week. A control group received capsules only with a methylcellulose excipient and a basal group received no treatment. The chronobiological analysis of the animals' activity captured and logged by the software DAS24 was performed using the Ritme computer program (cosinor methods). RESULTS With the dose of 2 mg, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction of the arithmetic mean nocturnal activity (23 ± 3.0) with respect to the basal (38.56 ± 2.79), control (38.1 ± 2.8) and other doses groups 1 mg (52.04 ± 3.65) and 11 mg (47.47 ± 5.88). This dose of 2 mg, similar to the concentration in beer, was more effective in reducing nocturnal activity than the other doses of 1 and 11 mg, as well as preserving the circadian activity/rest rhythm. CONCLUSION The concentration of 2 mg of hop extract effectively decreased nocturnal activity in the circadian activity rhythm. On the basis of this investigation, administration of non-alcoholic beer would be recommended due to its hop content and consequent sedative action, which would be an aid to nocturnal sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Franco
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Yang H, Lee YC, Han KS, Singh H, Yoon M, Park JH, Cho CW, Cho S. Green and gold kiwifruit peel ethanol extracts potentiate pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice via a GABAergic mechanism. Food Chem 2012; 136:160-3. [PMID: 23017407 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Kiwifruit is one of the most popular fruits worldwide, and it has various biological properties, including antioxidant, anti-allergic, and cardiovascular protective effects. The peel of kiwifruit, which is a by-product of processing, is a good source of flavonoids; however, its bioactivity has not been widely investigated. In this study, we evaluated the hypnotic effects of green (GRPE, Actinidia deliciosa) and gold (GOPE, Actinidia chinensis) kiwifruit peel ethanol extracts and their solvent fractions, and the possible underlying mechanisms. Oral GRPE and GOPE administration (125-1000mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent decrease in sleep latency and an increase in sleep duration in pentobarbital-treated mice. Among three different solvent fractions of GRPE and GOPE, ethyl acetate (EA) fractions had the greatest effect on sleep duration at 250mg/kg. The total flavonoid contents of solvent fractions were proportional to sleep duration. Like diazepam (a GABA(A)-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor agonist), the hypnotic effects of GRPE, GOPE, and their EA fractions were fully inhibited by flumazenil (a GABA(A)-BZD receptor antagonist). These results suggest that potentiation effects of GRPE and GOPE on pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice may be modulated by a GABAergic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Yang
- Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Franco L, Sánchez C, Bravo R, Rodríguez AB, Barriga C, Romero E, Cubero J. The sedative effect of non-alcoholic beer in healthy female nurses. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37290. [PMID: 22815680 PMCID: PMC3399866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hop (Humulus lupulus L.), a component of beer, is a sedative plant whose pharmacological activity is principally due to its bitter resins, in particular to the α-acid degradation product 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. The mechanism of action of hop resin consists of raising the levels of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter acting in the central nervous system (CNS). OBJECTIVES To analyze the sedative effect of hops as a component of non-alcoholic beer on the sleep/wake rhythm in a work-stressed population. METHODS The experiment was conducted with healthy female nurses (n = 17) working rotating and/or night shifts. Overnight sleep and chronobiological parameters were assessed by actigraphy (Actiwatch®) after moderate ingestion of non-alcoholic beer containing hops (333 ml with 0.0% alcohol) with supper for 14 days (treatment). Data were obtained in comparison with her own control group without consumption of beer during supper. RESULTS Actigraphy results demonstrated improvement of night sleep quality as regards the most important parameters: Sleep Latency diminished (p≤0.05) in the Treatment group (12.01±1.19 min) when compared to the Control group (20.50±4.21 min), as also did Total Activity (p≤0.05; Treatment group = 5284.78±836.99 activity pulses vs Control = 7258.78±898.89 activity pulses). In addition, anxiety as indexed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) decreased in the Treatment group (State Anxiety 18.09±3.8 vs Control 20.69±2.14). CONCLUSION The moderate consumption of non-alcoholic beer will favour night-time rest, due in particular to its hop components, in addition to its other confirmed benefits for the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Franco
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Rafael Bravo
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ana B. Rodríguez
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carmen Barriga
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eulalia Romero
- SES, Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Cubero
- Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- Laboratory of Health Education, Science Education Area, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Heinlein A, Buettner A. Monitoring of biotransformation of hop aroma compounds in an in vitro digestion model. Food Funct 2012; 3:1059-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30061c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Herbal medicine for depression, anxiety and insomnia: a review of psychopharmacology and clinical evidence. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2011; 21:841-60. [PMID: 21601431 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Research in the area of herbal psychopharmacology has increased markedly over the past decades. To date however, a comprehensive review of herbal antidepressant, anxiolytic and hypnotic psychopharmacology and applications in depression, anxiety and insomnia has been absent. A search of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted (up to February 21st 2011) on commonly used psychotropic herbal medicines. A review of the literature was conducted to ascertain mechanisms of action of these botanicals, in addition to a systematic review of controlled clinical trials for treatment of mood, anxiety and sleep disorders, which are common comorbid psychiatric disorders. Specific emphasis was given to emerging phytomedicines. Analysis of evidence levels was conducted, as were effect sizes (Cohen's d) where data were available. Results provided evidence of a range of neurochemical, endocrinological, and epigenetic effects for 21 individual phytomedicines, which are detailed in this paper. Sixty six controlled studies were located involving eleven phytomedicines. Several of these provide a high level of evidence, such as Hypericum perforatum for major depression, and Piper methysticum for anxiety disorders. Several human clinical trials provide preliminary positive evidence of antidepressant effects (Echium amoenum, Crocus sativus, and Rhodiola rosea) and anxiolytic activity (Matricaria recutita, Ginkgo biloba, Passiflora incanata, E. amoenum, and Scutellaria lateriflora). Caution should however be taken when interpreting the results as many studies have not been replicated. Several herbal medicines with in vitro and in vivo evidence are currently unexplored in human studies, and along with use of emerging genetic technologies "herbomics", are areas of potential future research.
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Valeriana officinalis ameliorates vacuous chewing movements induced by reserpine in rats. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2011; 118:1547-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-011-0640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Cho SM, Shimizu M, Lee CJ, Han DS, Jung CK, Jo JH, Kim YM. Hypnotic effects and binding studies for GABA(A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors of traditional medicinal plants used in Asia for insomnia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 132:225-232. [PMID: 20804838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Many medicinal plants have been used for treatment of insomnia in Asia. However, scientific evidence and precise mechanism for their sedative-hypnotic activity have not been fully investigated. Thus, we investigated the binding activity of the oriental plant extracts (mainly from Korea and Japan) to the well-known molecular targets for sleep regulation, GABA(A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors. Following the binding assay, sedative-hypnotic effects of the extracts with high affinity were examined in an animal model of sleep. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous and ethanol extracts of 15 medicinal plants were tested for binding at the benzodiazepine site of GABA(A) receptor and 5-HT site of 5-HT(2C) receptor. The sedative-hypnotic effects of selected extracts were evaluated by measuring the sleep latency and sleep duration during pentobarbital-induced sleep in mice after oral administration of extracts. RESULTS In the GABA(A) assay, the ethanol extracts of licorice and danshen displayed concentration-dependent, high affinity binding, whereas in the 5-HT(2C) assay, the ethanol extracts of ginseng and silk tree showed high affinity. Among these extracts we tested previously uncharacterized licorice and silk tree for hypnotic effects. We found the ethanol extracts of licorice and silk tree significantly decreased sleep latency and increased sleep duration in pentobarbital-induced sleep. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that licorice and silk tree have the sedative-hypnotic activity possibly by modulating GABA(A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors. We propose that licorice and silk tree might be effective candidates for treatment of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sueng-Mock Cho
- Research Division of Food Industry Promotion, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam 608-737, Republic of Korea
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Akyilmaz E, Turemis M. An inhibition type alkaline phosphatase biosensor for amperometric determination of caffeine. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Butterweck V, Brattstroem A, Grundmann O, Koetter U. Hypothermic effects of hops are antagonized with the competitive melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:549-52. [PMID: 17430638 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.4.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Hops (Humulus lupulus, Cannabinaceae) has been used in traditional European medicine as a mild sedative for the treatment of anxiety, nervousness, and insomnia. However, there has been little information available about the underlying sleep inducing mechanism of hops. We have investigated the effects of a hops extract on the rectal body temperature in mice. Hops extract (250 mg kg−1) significantly decreased body temperature in male BL6/C57J mice (ΔT −0.75 ± 0.07°C) 2 h after oral administration. The effects of the plant extract were comparable with melatonin (50 mg kg−1; ΔT −0.66 ± 0.06°C; 2 h after i.p. injection). The hypothermic effects of melatonin and hops extract were antagonized with the competitive melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole. Thus, our data suggests that the hypothermic-and therefore the sleep-inducing-effects of hops extract are possibly mediated through activation of melatonin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Butterweck
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, PO Box 100494, FL 32610, USA.
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Rezvani ME, Roohbakhsh A, Allahtavakoli M, Shamsizadeh A. Anticonvulsant effect of aqueous extract of Valeriana officinalis in amygdala-kindled rats: possible involvement of adenosine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:313-318. [PMID: 19900527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Valeriana officinalis L. (valerian) root extract has been used as an antiepileptic herbal medicine in Iran. AIM OF THIS STUDY In the present study the effect of valerian extracts on an experimental model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was evaluated. Moreover, the involvement of adenosine system in the actions of aqueous extract of valerian was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bipolar stimulating and monopolar recording electrodes were implanted stereotaxically in the right basolateral amygdala of male Sprague-Dawley rats. After kindling, the effect of aqueous (200, 500 and 800 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) and petroleum ether (PE; 50 and 100mg/kg; intraperitoneal) extracts of valerian and CPT (selective A(1) receptor antagonist; 10 and 20 microM; intracerebroventricular) on afterdischarge duration (ADD), duration of stage 5 seizure (S5D) and latency to the onset of bilateral forelimb clonuses (S4L) were measured. The effect of CPT (10 microM) on the response of aqueous extract of valerian (500 mg/kg) was also determined. RESULTS The results showed that aqueous extract of valerian had anticonvulsant effect. However, PE extract and CPT (20 microM) had proconvulsant effect. Administration of CPT (10 microM) before the administration of aqueous extract decreased the anticonvulsant effect of valerian. CONCLUSIONS The results showed significant anticonvulsant effect for aqueous but not PE extract of valerian. Moreover, CPT as a selective adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist decreased the anticonvulsant effect of valerian aqueous extract. Therefore, we concluded that part of anticonvulsant effect of valerian probably is mediated through activation of adenosine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahim Rezvani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Van Cleemput M, Cattoor K, De Bosscher K, Haegeman G, De Keukeleire D, Heyerick A. Hop (Humulus lupulus)-derived bitter acids as multipotent bioactive compounds. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1220-30. [PMID: 19476340 DOI: 10.1021/np800740m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hop acids, a family of bitter compounds derived from the hop plant (Humulus lupulus), have been reported to exert a wide range of effects, both in vitro and in vivo. They exhibit potential anticancer activity by inhibiting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, by inducing apoptosis, and by increasing the expression of cytochrome P450 detoxification enzymes. Furthermore, hop bitter acids are effective against inflammatory and metabolic disorders, which makes them challenging candidates for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. This review summarizes the current knowledge on hop bitter acids, including both phytochemical aspects, as well as the biological and pharmacological properties of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Van Cleemput
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Ghent University-UGent, Gent, Belgium
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McClatchey WC, Mahady GB, Bennett BC, Shiels L, Savo V. Ethnobotany as a pharmacological research tool and recent developments in CNS-active natural products from ethnobotanical sources. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 123:239-54. [PMID: 19422851 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The science of ethnobotany is reviewed in light of its multi-disciplinary contributions to natural product research for the development of pharmaceuticals and pharmacological tools. Some of the issues reviewed involve ethical and cultural perspectives of healthcare and medicinal plants. While these are not usually part of the discussion of pharmacology, cultural concerns potentially provide both challenges and insight for field and laboratory researchers. Plant evolutionary issues are also considered as they relate to development of plant chemistry and accessing this through ethnobotanical methods. The discussion includes presentation of a range of CNS-active medicinal plants that have been recently examined in the field, laboratory and/or clinic. Each of these plants is used to illustrate one or more aspects about the valuable roles of ethnobotany in pharmacological research. We conclude with consideration of mutually beneficial future collaborations between field ethnobotanists and pharmacologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will C McClatchey
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai;i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Sudati JH, Fachinetto R, Pereira RP, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Soares FA, de Vargas Barbosa NB, Rocha JBT. In vitro antioxidant activity of Valeriana officinalis against different neurotoxic agents. Neurochem Res 2009; 34:1372-9. [PMID: 19191025 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-009-9917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerian) is widely used as a traditional medicine to improve the quality of sleep. Although V. officinalis have been well documented as promising pharmacological agent; the exact mechanisms by which this plant act is still unknown. Limited literature data have indicated that V. officinalis extracts can exhibit antioxidant properties against iron in hippocampal neurons in vitro. However, there is no data available about the possible antioxidant effect of V. officinalis against other pro-oxidants in brain. In the present study, the protective effect of V. officinalis on lipid peroxidation (LPO) induced by different pro-oxidant agents with neuropathological importance was examined. Ethanolic extract of valerian (0-60 microg/ml) was tested against quinolinic acid (QA); 3-nitropropionic acid; sodium nitroprusside; iron sulfate (FeSO4) and Fe2+/EDTA induced LPO in rat brain homogenates. The effect of V. officinalis in deoxyribose degradation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also investigated. In brain homogenates, V. officinalis inhibited thiobarbituric acid reactive substances induced by all pro-oxidants tested in a concentration dependent manner. Similarly, V. officinalis caused a significant decrease on the LPO in cerebral cortex and in deoxyribose degradation. QA-induced ROS production in cortical slices was also significantly reduced by V. officinalis. Our results suggest that V. officinalis extract was effective in modulating LPO induced by different pro-oxidant agents. These data may imply that V. officinalis extract, functioning as antioxidant agent, can be beneficial for reducing insomnia complications linked to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssie Haigert Sudati
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Campus Universitário, Camobi, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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Paredes SD, Korkmaz A, Manchester LC, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Phytomelatonin: a review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:57-69. [PMID: 19033551 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has been detected in a number of plant species. Indeed, there exists evidence that this classically-considered animal indole is actually both synthesized in and taken up by plants. Among the actions that melatonin may carry out in plant tissues, its role as an antioxidant or growth promoter is most strongly supported by the experimental evidence. Other suggested functional implications include the co-ordination of photoperiodic responses and regulation of plant reproductive physiology, defence of plant cells against apoptosis induced by harsh environmental conditions, its participation as a free radical scavenging agent and/or up-regulator of certain protective enzymes in the senescent process. This review presents a detailed summary of the investigations that have been performed to date in the plant melatonin (phytomelatonin) field. The purpose of this summary is to bring the reader up to date on what is known about melatonin in plants and to encourage plant scientists to investigate this novel research topic; this would certainly assist in solving the numerous questions that still remain regarding the role of melatonin in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Paredes
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Abstract
Although very few drugs are currently approved by regulatory authorities for treating multi-factorial ailments and disorders of cognition such as Alzheimer's disease, certain plant-derived agents, including, for example, galantamine and rivastigmine (a semi-synthetic derivative of physostigmine) are finding an application in modern medicine. However, in Ayurveda, the Indian traditional system of medicine which is more than 5000 years old, selected plants have long been classified as 'medhya rasayanas', from the Sanskrit words 'medhya', meaning intellect or cognition, and 'rasayana', meaning 'rejuvenation'. These plants are used both in herbal and conventional medicine and offer benefits that pharmaceutical drugs lack. In the present article, an attempt has been made to review the most important medicinal plants, including Ginkgo biloba, St John's wort, Kava-kava, Valerian, Bacopa monniera and Convolvulus pluricaulis, which are widely used for their reputed effectiveness in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University, Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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Zanoli P, Zavatti M. Pharmacognostic and pharmacological profile of Humulus lupulus L. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 116:383-96. [PMID: 18308492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present review describes the morphological, phytochemical and ethnopharmacological aspects of Humulus lupulus L. (Cannabinaceae) and summarizes the most interesting findings obtained in the preclinical and clinical research related to the plant. The female inflorescences of Humulus lupulus (hops), well-known as bittering agent in brewing industry, have long been used in traditional medicine mainly to treat sleep disturbances. However the sedative activity is still under investigation in order to recognize the active principles responsible for the neuropharmacological effects observed in laboratory animals, and their mechanism of action. Here we report the data from our experiments as well as those obtained from other researchers, focusing on the variability of the results. Other traditional applications of hops as stomachic, antibacterial and antifungal remedy have been supported by in vivo and/or in vitro investigations. In recent years some prenylated chalcones present in hops have received much attention for their biological effects: in particular, xanthohumol has been shown to exert cancer chemopreventive activity in in vitro experiments, while 8-prenylnaringenin has been characterized as one of the most potent phytoestrogens isolated until now. Nevertheless much additional work is needed to open up new biomedical application of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zanoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National InterUniversity Consortium for the Study of Natural Active Principles, University of Modena, Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy.
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Koetter U, Schrader E, Käufeler R, Brattström A. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, prospective clinical study to demonstrate clinical efficacy of a fixed valerian hops extract combination (Ze 91019) in patients suffering from non-organic sleep disorder. Phytother Res 2007; 21:847-51. [PMID: 17486686 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Valerian and hops are traditionally used as sleep aids. Since the fixed extract combination (Ze 91019) as a whole is considered the active compound, the clinical efficacy must be demonstrated for this extract combination. The present clinical study aimed to demonstrate superiority of the fixed extract combination in comparison with placebo in patients suffering from non-organic insomnia (ICD 10, F 51.0-51.2). Objective sleep parameters were registered by means of a transportable home recorder system (QUISI). The primary outcome was the reduction in sleep latency (SL2) which had to be prolonged at baseline (>/=30 min) as an inclusion criteria. The treatment period lasted for 4 weeks with either placebo, single valerian extract (Ze 911) or the fixed valerian hops extract combination (Ze 91019). The amount of the single valerian extract was identical to that amount contained in the fixed extract combination, i.e. 500 mg valerian extract siccum. In the extract combination 120 mg hops extract siccum was added. Both the extracts were prepared with 45% methanol m/m with a drug-extract ratio of 5.3:1 (valerian) and 6.6:1 (hops), respectively. The fixed extract combination was significantly superior to the placebo in reducing the sleep latency whilst the single valerian extract failed to be superior to the placebo. The result underlined the plausibility for adding hops extract to the valerian extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Koetter
- Max Zeller Söhne AG, CH-8590 Romanshorn, Switzerland
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Fachinetto R, Villarinho JG, Wagner C, Pereira RP, Avila DS, Burger ME, Calixto JB, Rocha JBT, Ferreira J. Valeriana officinalis does not alter the orofacial dyskinesia induced by haloperidol in rats: role of dopamine transporter. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2007; 31:1478-86. [PMID: 17669571 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic treatment with classical neuroleptics in humans can produce a serious side effect, known as tardive dyskinesia (TD). Here, we examined the effects of V. officinalis, a medicinal herb widely used as calming and sleep-promoting, in an animal model of orofacial dyskinesia (OD) induced by long-term treatment with haloperidol. Adult male rats were treated during 12 weeks with haloperidol decanoate (38 mg/kg, i.m., each 28 days) and with V. officinalis (in the drinking water). Vacuous chewing movements (VCMs), locomotor activity and plus maze performance were evaluated. Haloperidol treatment produced VCM in 40% of the treated rats and the concomitant treatment with V. officinalis did not alter either prevalence or intensity of VCMs. The treatment with V. officinalis increased the percentage of the time spent on open arm and the number of entries into open arm in the plus maze test. Furthermore, the treatment with haloperidol and/or V. officinalis decreased the locomotor activity in the open field test. We did not find any difference among the groups when oxidative stress parameters were evaluated. Haloperidol treatment significantly decreased [(3)H]-dopamine uptake in striatal slices and V. officinalis was not able to prevent this effect. Taken together, our data suggest a mechanism involving the reduction of dopamine transport in the maintenance of chronic VCMs in rats. Furthermore, chronic treatment with V. officinalis seems not produce any oxidative damage to central nervous system (CNS), but it also seems to be devoid of action to prevent VCM, at least in the dose used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselei Fachinetto
- Departamento de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Brattström A. Scientific Evidence for a Fixed Extract Combination (Ze 91019) from Valerian and Hops traditionally used as a Sleep-inducing Aid. Wien Med Wochenschr 2007; 157:367-70. [PMID: 17704989 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-007-0442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Valerian and hops are traditionally used as sleep-inducing aids. Alertness reduces gradually with the prolongation of wakefulness through the release of endogenous adenosine in the frontal basal cortex. Valerian has an adenosine-like action and supports the readiness to fall asleep. The control of the sleep-wake rhythm induces sleep when the time-related interaction is operating properly. The control is closely related to endogenous melatonin secretion. Hops act in a similar way to melatonin. Therefore, the efficacy of a valerian and hops combination in sleep disorder can scientifically be explained.
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Sichardt K, Vissiennon Z, Koetter U, Brattström A, Nieber K. Modulation of postsynaptic potentials in rat cortical neurons by valerian extracts macerated with different alcohols: involvement of adenosine A1- and GABAA-receptors. Phytother Res 2007; 21:932-7. [PMID: 17582590 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Valeriana officinalis (valerian) is used traditionally as a mild sedative. Research into valerian is sparse, and studies differ greatly with respect to design, measures and preparations used. This study compares the action of a methanol (M-E), ethanol (E-E) and an extract macerated with ethylacetate (EA-E) from roots of valerian (Valeriana officinalis L., Valerianaceae) on postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in cortical neurons. Intracellular recordings were performed in rat brain slice preparations containing pyramidal cells of the cingulate cortex. PSPs were induced by electrical field stimulation. The M-E induced strong inhibition in the concentration range 0.1-15 mg/mL, whereas the E-E (1-10 mg/mL) did not influence significantly the PSPs. The maximum inhibition induced by the M-E was completely antagonized by 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX, 0.1 microm), an antagonist on the adenosine A(1) receptor. Contrary to the M-E, the EA-E (10 mg/mL) induced an increase of the PSPs, which was completely blocked by the GABA(A) receptor antagonist picrotoxin (100 microm). The data suggest that activation of adenosine A(1) and GABA(A) receptors is mediated by different components within the valerian extract. The two mechanisms may contribute independently to the sleep-inducing effect of valerian.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sichardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology for Nature Sciences, University Leipzig, Talstr. 33, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Ortiz JG, Rassi N, Maldonado PM, González-Cabrera S, Ramos I. Commercial valerian interactions with [3H]Flunitrazepam and [3H]MK-801 binding to rat synaptic membranes. Phytother Res 2006; 20:794-8. [PMID: 16819753 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Valeriana officinalis extracts are used in folkloric medicine for their sedative, hypnotic and tranquilizer effects. Using [3H]flunitrazepam binding as an indicator, the interactions of commercial Valerian extracts with GABA(A) receptors were examined. There was considerable fluctuation among the different extracts, some mildly enhanced [3H]flunitrazepam binding, others had no effect and others had inhibitory effects, independent of standardization by valerenic acid. Central depression can also be accomplished by a reduction of excitatory transmission. Valerian extracts had modest inhibitory effects on [3H]MK-801 binding, an indicator of NMDA-Valerian interactions. Spectral analyses (UV region) did not show marked differences among the different extracts. The inhibitory effects of one of the extracts on [3H]flunitrazepam binding was somewhat stable, while on [3H]MK-801 binding the inhibitory effects were lost within months. These results suggest that particular care should be taken in analysing and interpreting results from commercial Valerian preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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