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Tomou EM, Bieler L, Spöttl T, Couillard-Despres S, Skaltsa H, Urmann C. Metabolic Fingerprinting of Different Sideritis Taxa Infusions and Their Neurogenic Activity. Planta Med 2023; 89:1087-1096. [PMID: 37044130 DOI: 10.1055/a-2072-2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, Sideritis extracts were shown to improve memory. However, their potential to promote the generation of new neurons, starting with the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells, remains unexplored. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the neurogenic effects of different Sideritis infusions in neural stem and precursor cells and their impact on cell viability. Moreover, the metabolic fingerprints were recorded using LC-DAD, LC-HRESIMS, and GC-MS. The neurogenic potential of infusions of the eight Sideritis taxa tested was as potent as the classical neuronal inducer combination of retinoic acid and valproic acid. Further cytotoxicity assays revealed that the IC50 values of the extracts were between 163 and 322 µg/mL. Hierarchical cluster analyses of the metabolic fingerprints unveiled that the two Sideritis taxa with the lowest IC50 values were the most divergent in the analytical techniques used. As the analysis focused on polyphenols, it is reasonable to assume that these compounds are responsible for the effect on the cell viability of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. This study is the first report on the neurogenic potential of Sideritis taxa and might support the use of Sideritis herbal preparations in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Section of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
- Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Straubing, Germany
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Spöttl
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Straubing, Germany
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Section of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens, Greece
| | - Corinna Urmann
- Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Straubing, Germany
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2
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Urmann C, Bieler L, Hackl M, Chia-Leeson O, Couillard-Despres S, Riepl H. Semi-Synthesis of Different Pyranoflavonoid Backbones and the Neurogenic Potential. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104023. [PMID: 37241764 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids and chalcones are known for their manifold biological activities, of which many affect the central nervous system. Pyranochalcones were recently shown to have a great neurogenic potential, which is partly due to a specific structural motif-the pyran ring. Accordingly, we questioned if other flavonoid backbones with a pyran ring as structural moiety would also show neurogenic potential. Different semi-synthetic approaches starting with the prenylated chalcone xanthohumol, isolated from hops, led to pyranoflavanoids with different backbones. We identified the chalcone backbone as the most active backbone with pyran ring using a reporter gene assay based on the promoter activity of doublecortin, an early neuronal marker. Pyranochalcones therefore appear to be promising compounds for further development as a treatment strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Urmann
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hackl
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Olivia Chia-Leeson
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Riepl
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
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3
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Bieler L, Hecker C, Machegger L, Wolfrum-Ristau P, Trinka E, Kleindienst W. P11.49.B MOG antibody positive paraneoplastic brain stem encephalitis associated with cervical cancer: a rare case report. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are a rare complication of malignant tumors. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is an important marker on the surface of oligodendrocytes and is associated with many demyelinating diseases. There are only few reports of MOG antibody positive paraneoplastic syndromes. Here we present the first case of MOG-antibody positive brain stem encephalitis associated with cervical cancer.
Material and Methods: Case report.
Results
A 58-year-old female presented with headache, fever and acute cerebellar signs. 13 months earlier she was diagnosed with cervical cancer and ovarian metastases. Adnexectomy was performed and she received adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy. At admission cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed pleocytosis (90 cells/µl) with a mixed cell profile but no malignant cells could be detected. Protein and lactate were highly elevated. The patient was treated with aciclovir and ceftriaxone until serology and liquor PCR showed no evidence of systemic or cerebral infections. Initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was unremarkable. The patient was symptomatically treated. CSF two weeks later showed 53 cells/µl, protein and lactate almost normal. Contrary to the mild improvement of CSF parameters, cerebellar symptoms worsened, and the patient complained about impaired vision and diplopia. MRI revealed gadolinium enhancing lesions of the left mesencephalon and the right N. opticus. Visual evoked potentials confirmed a demyelinating lesion of the right N. opticus. We then assumed paraneoplastic brain stem encephalitis and the patient received high dose methylprednisolone and immunoglobulins. Ultimately, lab results came back positive for anti-MOG-antibodies, while paraneoplastic panels were negative. At follow-up three weeks later, CSF analysis showed normal cell count and brain MRI was unremarkable again. MOG-antibodies however remained positive. Since then, the patient has received monthly immunoglobulins leading to a stable neurological status. Unfortunately, the cancer itself is progressive with a local relapse and metastases of liver, lung and bones.
Conclusion
Our patient had an acute presentation of a rare brain stem encephalitis. However, infectious workup as well as all well-known onconeural antibodies showed negative results. This shows that pleocytosis in patients with a history of malignant disease is highly suggestive for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes even if common antibodies show negative results. Clinicians should be aware of other autoimmune antibodies like anti-MOG-antibodies and should extend workup if necessary. Vice versa it is worth considering tumor workup in patients with neurological symptoms and anti-MOG-positivity. Furthermore, the appearance of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes is always suspicious for progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bieler
- Christian Doppler University Hospital , Salzburg , Austria
| | - C Hecker
- Christian Doppler University Hospital , Salzburg , Austria
| | - L Machegger
- Christian Doppler University Hospital , Salzburg , Austria
| | - P Wolfrum-Ristau
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg , Austria
| | - E Trinka
- Christian Doppler University Hospital , Salzburg , Austria
| | - W Kleindienst
- Christian Doppler University Hospital , Salzburg , Austria
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Romanelli P, Bieler L, Heimel P, Škokić S, Jakubecova D, Kreutzer C, Zaunmair P, Smolčić T, Benedetti B, Rohde E, Gimona M, Hercher D, Dobrivojević Radmilović M, Couillard-Despres S. Enhancing Functional Recovery Through Intralesional Application of Extracellular Vesicles in a Rat Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:795008. [PMID: 35046776 PMCID: PMC8762366 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.795008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Local inflammation plays a pivotal role in the process of secondary damage after spinal cord injury. We recently reported that acute intravenous application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells dampens the induction of inflammatory processes following traumatic spinal cord injury. However, systemic application of EVs is associated with delayed delivery to the site of injury and the necessity for high doses to reach therapeutic levels locally. To resolve these two constraints, we injected EVs directly at the lesion site acutely after spinal cord injury. We report here that intralesional application of EVs resulted in a more robust improvement of motor recovery, assessed with the BBB score and sub-score, as compared to the intravenous delivery. Moreover, the intralesional application was more potent in reducing inflammation and scarring after spinal cord injury than intravenous administration. Hence, the development of EV-based therapy for spinal cord injury should aim at an early application of vesicles close to the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Romanelli
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Innovacell AG, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patrick Heimel
- Core Facility Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Karl Donath Laboratory, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siniša Škokić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dominika Jakubecova
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Kreutzer
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pia Zaunmair
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tomislav Smolčić
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bruno Benedetti
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eva Rohde
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken GesmbH (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies (EV-TT), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mario Gimona
- GMP Unit, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies (EV-TT), Salzburg, Austria
- Research Program "Nanovesicular Therapies", Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - David Hercher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marina Dobrivojević Radmilović
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Urmann C, Bieler L, Priglinger E, Aigner L, Couillard-Despres S, Riepl HM. Neuroregenerative Potential of Prenyl- and Pyranochalcones: A Structure-Activity Study. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:2675-2682. [PMID: 34542287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Loss of neuronal tissue is a hallmark of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Since adult neurogenesis has been confirmed in the human brain, great interest has arisen in substances stimulating the endogenous neuronal regeneration mechanism based on adult neural stem cells. Medicinal plants are a valuable source of neuroactive small molecules. In the structure-activity study presented here, the activities of prenyl- and pyranochalcones were compared to each other, using a differentiation assay based on the doublecortin promoter sequences. The latter revealed that the pyrano ring is a crucial structural element for the induction of neuronal differentiation of adult neural stem cells, while compounds with a prenyl group show significantly lower activities. Furthermore, a decrease of pro-differentiation activity was observed following structural modifications, such as substitutions on the pyrano ring and on the B-ring of the chalcone. We also initiated the elucidation of the structural characteristics of the newly discovered lead substance xanthohumol C, which correlated with the activation of the doublecortin promoter during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Urmann
- Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Organic-analytical Chemistry, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eleni Priglinger
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, https://www.tissue-regeneration.at/
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, https://www.tissue-regeneration.at/
| | - Herbert M Riepl
- Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Organic-analytical Chemistry, 94315 Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, 94315 Straubing, Germany
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6
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Moser T, Seiberl M, Feige J, Bieler L, Radlberger RF, O'Sullivan C, Pilz G, Harrer A, Schwenker K, Haschke-Becher E, Machegger L, Grimm J, Redlberger-Fritz M, Buchmann A, Khalil M, Kvas E, Trinka E, Wipfler P. Tetravalent Influenza Vaccine Is Not Associated With Neuroaxonal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718895. [PMID: 34512642 PMCID: PMC8428149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Efficacy of vaccines and disease activity linked to immunization are major concerns among people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Objective To assess antibody responses to seasonal influenza antigens and vaccine-associated neuroaxonal damage utilizing serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) in pwMS receiving dimethyl fumarate (DMF). Methods In this prospective study, the 2020/2021 seasonal tetravalent influenza vaccine was administered to 20 pwMS treated with DMF and 15 healthy controls (HCs). The primary endpoints were responder rate of strain-specific antibody production (seroconversion or significant (4-fold) increase in influenza-antibody titers for ≥2/4 strains) at 30 days post-vaccination and changes in sNfL levels. Results All patients treated with DMF fulfilled the responder criteria for immunization compared with 53% of the controls. However, higher proportions of HCs already had influenza-antibody titers ≥1:40 at baseline (53% vs. 41%, p = 0.174). sNfL levels were comparable among both groups at baseline and did not increase 34 days after vaccination. In addition, no clinical or radiological disease reactivation was found. Conclusion DMF-treated patients mount an adequate humoral immune response to influenza vaccines. Within the limits of the small cohort investigated, our data suggest that influenza immunization is not associated with clinical or subclinical disease reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Moser
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Seiberl
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Feige
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lara Bieler
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard F Radlberger
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ciara O'Sullivan
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Pilz
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andrea Harrer
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kerstin Schwenker
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Lukas Machegger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jochen Grimm
- Department of Neuroradiology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | - Michael Khalil
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria.,Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Wipfler
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
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Otto F, Moser T, Feige J, Seiberl M, Bieler L, Sellner J. Successful disease control with alemtuzumab in MOG-IgG-associated demyelinating disease with MS-phenotype. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 42:102108. [PMID: 32339987 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in serum denote an emerging autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system. Treatment trials have not been performed so far and anecdotal reports suggest that immunotherapies approved for multiple sclerosis (MS) may not be effective. We report favorable disease control with alemtuzumab, a CD52 depleting antibody approved for active MS, in a 34-year-old woman with the rarer condition of MOG-IgG disease with MS-phenotype. MOG-IgG in serum persisted over the entire observation period of almost five years. This case emphasizes that treatment responses may be distinct for different phenotypes of MOG-IgG associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Otto
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020.
| | - Tobias Moser
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020.
| | - Julia Feige
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020.
| | - Michael Seiberl
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020
| | - Lara Bieler
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020
| | - Johann Sellner
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020; Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany; Department of Neurology, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria.
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8
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Feige J, Moser T, Bieler L, Schwenker K, Hauer L, Sellner J. Vitamin D Supplementation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Critical Analysis of Potentials and Threats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030783. [PMID: 32188044 PMCID: PMC7146466 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, vitamin D has gained attention, as low serum levels are suspected to increase the risk for MS. Cholecalciferol supplementation has been tested in several clinical trials, since hypovitaminosis D was linked to higher disease activity and may even play a role in long-term outcome. Here, we review the current understanding of the molecular effects of vitamin D beyond calcium homeostasis, the potential beneficial action in MS and hazards including complications of chronic and high-dose therapy. In clinical trials, doses of up to 40,000 IU/day were tested and appeared safe as add-on therapy for short-term periods. A recent meta-analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating vitamin D as add-on therapy in MS, however, suggested that vitamin D had no therapeutic effect on disability or relapse rate. We recognize a knowledge gap for chronic and high-dose therapy, which can lead to life-threatening complications related to vitamin D toxicity including renal failure, cardiac arrythmia and status epilepticus. Moreover, vitamin D toxicity may manifest as fatigue, muscle weakness or urinary dysfunction, which may mimic the natural course of progressive MS. Given these limitations, vitamin D supplementation in MS is a sensitive task which needs to be supervised by physicians. While there is strong evidence for vitamin D deficiency and the development of MS, the risk-benefit profile of dosage and duration of add-on supplementation needs to be further clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Feige
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.F.); (T.M.); (L.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Tobias Moser
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.F.); (T.M.); (L.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Lara Bieler
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.F.); (T.M.); (L.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Kerstin Schwenker
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.F.); (T.M.); (L.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Larissa Hauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg;
| | - Johann Sellner
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Center, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.F.); (T.M.); (L.B.); (K.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-02572-9004-12850
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9
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Fresnoza S, Christova M, Bieler L, Körner C, Zimmer U, Gallasch E, Ischebeck A. Age-Dependent Effect of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Motor Skill Consolidation. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:25. [PMID: 32116653 PMCID: PMC7016219 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is the application of subthreshold, sinusoidal current to modulate ongoing brain rhythms related to sensory, motor and cognitive processes. Electrophysiological studies suggested that the effect of tACS applied at an alpha frequency (8–12 Hz) was state-dependent. The effects of tACS, that is, an increase in parieto-occipital electroencephalography (EEG) alpha power and magnetoencephalography (MEG) phase coherence, was only observed when the eyes were open (low alpha power) and not when the eyes were closed (high alpha power). This state-dependency of the effects of alpha tACS might extend to the aging brain characterized by general slowing and decrease in spectral power of the alpha rhythm. We additionally hypothesized that tACS will influence the motor cortex, which is involved in motor skill learning and consolidation. A group of young and old healthy adults performed a serial reaction time task (SRTT) with their right hand before and after the tACS stimulation. Each participant underwent three sessions of stimulation: sham, stimulation applied at the individual participant’s alpha peak frequency or individual alpha peak frequency (iAPF; α-tACS) and stimulation with iAPF plus 2 Hz (α2-tACS) to the left motor cortex for 10 min (1.5 mA). We measured the effect of stimulation on general motor skill (GMS) and sequence-specific skill (SS) consolidation. We found that α-tACS and α2-tACS improved GMS and SS consolidation in the old group. In contrast, α-tACS minimally improved GMS consolidation but impaired SS consolidation in the young group. On the other hand, α2-tACS was detrimental to the consolidation of both skills in the young group. Our results suggest that individuals with aberrant alpha rhythm such as the elderly could benefit more from tACS stimulation, whereas for young healthy individuals with intact alpha rhythm the stimulation could be detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Fresnoza
- Institute of Psychology University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Monica Christova
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Physiotherapy, University of Applied Sciences FH-JOANNEUM, Graz, Austria
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Psychology University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christof Körner
- Institute of Psychology University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Zimmer
- Institute of Psychology University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg (MSH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eugen Gallasch
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria.,Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anja Ischebeck
- Institute of Psychology University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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10
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Romanelli P, Bieler L, Scharler C, Pachler K, Kreutzer C, Zaunmair P, Jakubecova D, Mrowetz H, Benedetti B, Rivera FJ, Aigner L, Rohde E, Gimona M, Strunk D, Couillard-Despres S. Extracellular Vesicles Can Deliver Anti-inflammatory and Anti-scarring Activities of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1225. [PMID: 31849808 PMCID: PMC6896947 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is characterized by initial neural tissue disruption that triggers secondary damage and extensive non-resolving inflammation, which aggravates loss of function and hinders recovery. The early onset of inflammation following traumatic spinal cord injury underscores the importance of acute intervention after the initial trauma. Injections of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can reduce inflammation following spinal cord injury. We asked if extracellular vesicles (EVs) can substitute the anti-inflammatory and anti-scarring activities of their parental MSCs in a rat model of contusion spinal cord injury. We report that MSC-EVs were as potent as the parental intact cells in reducing the level of neuroinflammation for up to 2 weeks post-injury. Acute application of EVs after spinal cord injury was shown to robustly decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord parenchyma in the very early phase of secondary damage. Moreover, the anti-scarring impact of MSC-EVs was even more efficient than the parental cells. We therefore conclude that anti-inflammatory and anti-scarring activities of MSC application can be mediated by their secreted EVs. In light of their substantial safety and druggability advantages, EVs may have a high potential in early therapeutic treatment following traumatic spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Romanelli
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cornelia Scharler
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karin Pachler
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,GMP Laboratory, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Kreutzer
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pia Zaunmair
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dominika Jakubecova
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Heike Mrowetz
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bruno Benedetti
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Rohde
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,GMP Laboratory, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,University Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mario Gimona
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,GMP Laboratory, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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11
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O'Sullivan A, Lange S, Rotheneichner P, Bieler L, Aigner L, Rivera FJ, Couillard-Despres S. Dimethylsulfoxide Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Fate Choice of Adult Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1242. [PMID: 31849577 PMCID: PMC6901908 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several clinical trials address demyelinating diseases via transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Published reports detail that administration of MSCs in patients may provide a beneficial immunomodulation, and that factors secreted by MSCs are potent inducers of oligodendrogenesis. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is widely used in life science and medicine as solvent, vehicle or cryoprotectant for cells used in transplantation. Importantly, most transplantation protocols do not include the removal of DMSO before injecting the cell suspension into patients. This indifferent application of DMSO is coming under increasing scrutiny following reports investigating its potential toxic side-effects. While the impact of DMSO on the central nervous system (CNS) has been partially studied, its effect on oligodendrocytes and oligodendrogenesis has not been addressed yet. Consequently, we evaluated the influence of DMSO on oligodendrogenesis, and on the pro-oligodendrogenic effect of MSCs’ secreted factors, using adult rat neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs). Here, we demonstrate that a concentration of 1% DMSO robustly suppressed oligodendrogenesis and drove the fate of differentiating NSPCs toward astrogenesis. Furthermore, the pro-oligodendrogenic effect of MSC-conditioned medium (MSCCM) was also nearly completely abolished by the presence of 1% DMSO. In this condition, inhibition of the Erk1/2 signal transduction pathway and high levels of Id2 expression, a specific inhibitor of oligodendrogenic differentiation, were detected. Furthermore, inflammatory demyelinating diseases may even potentiate the impact of DMSO on oligodendrogenesis. Our results demonstrate the imperative of considering the strong anti-oligodendrogenic activity of DMSO when designing future clinical trial protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna O'Sullivan
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Simona Lange
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Rotheneichner
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Kirchinger M, Bieler L, Tevini J, Vogl M, Haschke-Becher E, Felder TK, Couillard-Després S, Riepl H, Urmann C. Development and Characterization of the Neuroregenerative Xanthohumol C/Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin Complex Suitable for Parenteral Administration. Planta Med 2019; 85:1233-1241. [PMID: 31610603 DOI: 10.1055/a-1013-1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The chroman-like chalcone Xanthohumol C, originally found in hops, was demonstrated to be a potent neuroregenerative and neuroprotective natural product and therefore constitutes a strong candidate for further pharmaceutical research. The bottleneck for in vivo experiments is the low water solubility of this chalcone. Consequently, we developed and validated a suitable formulation enabling in vivo administration. Cyclodextrins were used as water-soluble and nontoxic complexing agents, and the complex of Xanthohumol C and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin was characterized using HPLC, HPLC-MS, NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry. The water solubility of Xanthohumol C increases with increasing concentrations of cyclodextrin. Using 50 mM 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, solubility was increased 650-fold. Furthermore, in vitro bioactivity of Xanthohumol C in free and complexed form did not significantly differ, suggesting the release of Xanthohumol C from 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Finally, a small-scaled in vivo experiment in a rat model showed that after i. p. administration of the complex, Xanthohumol C can be detected in serum, the brain, and the cerebrospinal fluid at 1 and 6 h post-administration. Mean (± SD) Xanthohumol C serum concentrations after 1, 6, and 12 h were determined as 463.5 (± 120.9), 61.9 (± 13.4), and 9.3 (± 0.8) ng/mL upon i. v., and 294.3 (± 22.4), 45.5 (± 0.7), and 13 (± 1.0) ng/mL after i. p. application, respectively. Accordingly, the formulation of Xanthohumol C/2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin is suitable for further in vivo experiments and further pharmaceutical research aiming for the determination of its neuroregenerative potential in animal disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kirchinger
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing, Straubing, Germany
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Tevini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Vogl
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Thomas K Felder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Després
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Riepl
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing, Straubing, Germany
| | - Corinna Urmann
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Straubing, Germany
- TUM Campus Straubing, Straubing, Germany
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13
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Bieler L, Vogl M, Kirchinger M, Urmann C, Riepl H, Bandtlow C, Klimaschewski L, Aigner L, Couillard-Despres S. The Prenylflavonoid ENDF1 Overrules Central Nervous System Growth Inhibitors and Facilitates Regeneration of DRG Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:332. [PMID: 31396054 PMCID: PMC6668039 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Restoration of neuronal connectivity after lesion of the central nervous system, such as spinal cord injury, is one of the biggest challenges in modern medicine. In particular, the accumulation of axon growth inhibitory factors at the site of injury constitutes a major obstacle to structural and thus functional repair. We previously investigated a group of prenylflavonoids derived from hops for their capacity to promote neuroregeneration. We identified a molecule called ENDF1 that was very potent to enhance regrowth and branching of neurites from dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture on growth promoting substrates. In the present study, we investigated ENDF1’s capacity to promote regeneration of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro in the presence of three main components of the extracellular matrix acting as axon growth inhibitors: Semaphorin 3A, Ephrin A4 and mixed chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. We report that ENDF1 application significantly promoted the percentages of sensory neurons able to regrow their neurites regardless of the presence of those inhibitors, and this to an extent similar to the one obtained after NGF treatment. Moreover, ENDF1 strongly enhanced the total neurite length and the complexity of neurites extending from neurons challenged with axon growth inhibitors. Although the impact of NGF and ENDF1 on the regeneration of neurons was similar, the activity of ENDF1 was not mediated by signaling through the TrkA receptor, indicating that each molecule act through different signaling pathways. In addition, ENDF1 did not decrease the phosphorylation of cofilin, a downstream effector of the regeneration-associated RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Hence, ENDF1 is a potent pro-neuroregenerative factors that could help in identifying new efficient targets for regenerative therapies of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Vogl
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Kirchinger
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Straubing, Germany.,TUM Campus Straubing, Straubing, Germany
| | - Corinna Urmann
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Straubing, Germany.,TUM Campus Straubing, Straubing, Germany
| | - Herbert Riepl
- Organic-Analytical Chemistry, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Straubing, Germany.,TUM Campus Straubing, Straubing, Germany
| | - Christine Bandtlow
- Division of Neurobiochemistry, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lars Klimaschewski
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Division of Neuroanatomy, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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14
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De La Fuente AG, Lange S, Silva ME, Gonzalez GA, Tempfer H, van Wijngaarden P, Zhao C, Di Canio L, Trost A, Bieler L, Zaunmair P, Rotheneichner P, O'Sullivan A, Couillard-Despres S, Errea O, Mäe MA, Andrae J, He L, Keller A, Bátiz LF, Betsholtz C, Aigner L, Franklin RJM, Rivera FJ. Pericytes Stimulate Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cell Differentiation during CNS Remyelination. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1755-1764. [PMID: 28834740 PMCID: PMC5574064 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the neurovascular niche in CNS myelin regeneration is incompletely understood. Here, we show that, upon demyelination, CNS-resident pericytes (PCs) proliferate, and parenchymal non-vessel-associated PC-like cells (PLCs) rapidly develop. During remyelination, mature oligodendrocytes were found in close proximity to PCs. In Pdgfbret/ret mice, which have reduced PC numbers, oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation was delayed, although remyelination proceeded to completion. PC-conditioned medium accelerated and enhanced OPC differentiation in vitro and increased the rate of remyelination in an ex vivo cerebellar slice model of demyelination. We identified Lama2 as a PC-derived factor that promotes OPC differentiation. Thus, the functional role of PCs is not restricted to vascular homeostasis but includes the modulation of adult CNS progenitor cells involved in regeneration. CNS-resident PCs react to demyelination and are found close to differentiating OPCs PC-deficient mice show delayed OPC differentiation during CNS remyelination PC-conditioned medium accelerates OPC differentiation and enhances remyelination PC-derived LAMA2 induces OPC differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Lange
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maria Elena Silva
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20AH, UK; Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ginez A Gonzalez
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20AH, UK
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Institute for Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20AH, UK; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20AH, UK
| | - Ludovica Di Canio
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20AH, UK
| | - Andrea Trost
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Ophthalmology/Optometry and Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lara Bieler
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pia Zaunmair
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Rotheneichner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna O'Sullivan
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Oihana Errea
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20AH, UK
| | - Maarja A Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Annika Keller
- Division of Neurosurgery, Zürich University Hospital, Zürich University, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luis F Bátiz
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIB), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Integrated Cardio Metabolic Center (ICMC), Karolinska Institutet Novum, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20AH, UK
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Wellcome Trust and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB20AH, UK; Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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15
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Bieler L, Grassner L, Zaunmair P, Kreutzer C, Lampe L, Trinka E, Marschallinger J, Aigner L, Couillard-Despres S. Motor deficits following dorsal corticospinal tract transection in rats: voluntary versus skilled locomotion readouts. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00540. [PMID: 29560455 PMCID: PMC5857638 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Following spinal cord injury, severe deficits result from damages to ascending and descending tracts, such as the corticospinal tract (CST) which is highly relevant for the motor execution in humans. Unfortunately, no curative treatment is available and intensive efforts are deployed in animal models, such as the CST transection model, to identify interventions providing functional regeneration after spinal cord injury. The CatWalk XT is a system for multi-parameter gait analysis of voluntary locomotion. In this study, the performance of the CatWalk XT for monitoring of functional deficits associated with dorsal CST lesion in rats was compared to skilled locomotion tests. Motor deficits associated with dorsal CST transection could be reliably monitored over seven weeks based on skilled locomotion testing, i.e. Horizontal Ladder Walk and Grid Walk. The collateral lesion to the overlaying gracile and cuneate funiculi occurring during dorsal CST transection resulted in slight hyposensitivity and proprioceptive deficit, which likely contributed to the lowered performance in skilled locomotion. In contrast, parameters of voluntary locomotion were not significantly affected by dorsal CST transection. Finally, an abnormal adduction reflex was detected immediately after lesion of the CST and could be conveniently used to confirm successful CST lesion in rats of experimental groups. The functional relevance of the dorsal CST in locomotion of rats is not as prominent as compared to in humans and thus challenging the motor execution is mandatory to reliably investigate CST function. A detailed analysis of voluntary walking using the CatWalk XT is not adequate to detect deficits following dorsal CST lesion in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lukas Grassner
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Center for Spinal Cord Injuries, BG Trauma Center Murnau, Germany
| | - Pia Zaunmair
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Kreutzer
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lukas Lampe
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Clinic for General and Tumor Orthopaedics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Marschallinger
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Oeller M, Laner-Plamberger S, Hochmann S, Ketterl N, Feichtner M, Brachtl G, Hochreiter A, Scharler C, Bieler L, Romanelli P, Couillard-Despres S, Russe E, Schallmoser K, Strunk D. Selection of Tissue Factor-Deficient Cell Transplants as a Novel Strategy for Improving Hemocompatibility of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:1421-1434. [PMID: 29507631 PMCID: PMC5835947 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular transplantation of tissue factor (TF)-bearing cells elicits an instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction (IBMIR) resulting in thrombotic complications and reduced engraftment. Here we studied the hemocompatibility of commonly used human white adipose tissue (WAT), umbilical cord (UC) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and devised a possible strategy for safe and efficient stromal cell transplantation. Methods: Stromal cell identity, purity, and TF expression was tested by RTQ-PCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Pro-coagulant activity and fibrin clot formation/stabilization was measured In Vitro by viscoelastic rotational plasma-thromboelastometry and in vivo by injecting sorted human stromal cells intravenously into rats. The impact of TF was verified in factor VII-deficient plasma and by sort-depleting TF/CD142+ BMSC. Results: We found significantly less TF expression by a subpopulation of BMSC corresponding to reduced pro-coagulant activity. UC and WAT stroma showed broad TF expression and durable clotting. Higher cell numbers significantly increased clot formation partially dependent on coagulation factor VII. Depleting the TF/CD142+ subpopulation significantly ameliorated BMSC's hemocompatibility without affecting immunomodulation. TF-deficient BMSC did not produce thromboembolism in vivo, comparing favorably to massive intravascular thrombosis induction by TF-expressing stromal cells. Conclusion: We demonstrate that plasma-based thromboelastometry provides a reliable tool to detect pro-coagulant activity of therapeutic cells. Selecting TF-deficient BMSC is a novel strategy for improving cell therapy applicability by reducing cell dose-dependent IBMIR risk. The particularly strong pro-coagulant activity of UC and WAT preparations sounds an additional note of caution regarding uncritical systemic application of stromal cells, particularly from non-hematopoietic extravascular sources.
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Kirchinger M, Bieler L, Couillard-Despres S, Riepl H, Urmann C. Characterization of a Neurodifferentiation Inducing Flavonoid/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kirchinger
- Organic and Analytical Chemistry, S cience Center Straubing, Schulgasse 16 94315 Straubing, Straubing, Germany
| | - L Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - S Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H Riepl
- Organic and Analytical Chemistry, S cience Center Straubing, Schulgasse 16 94315 Straubing, Straubing, Germany
| | - C Urmann
- Organic and Analytical Chemistry, S cience Center Straubing, Schulgasse 16 94315 Straubing, Straubing, Germany
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Fresnoza S, Christova M, Bieler L, Körner C, Zimmer U, Gallasch E, Ischebeck A. State-dependent effect of transcranial alternating current stimulation (TACS) on motor skill consolidation. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rotheneichner P, Romanelli P, Bieler L, Pagitsch S, Zaunmair P, Kreutzer C, König R, Marschallinger J, Aigner L, Couillard-Després S. Tamoxifen Activation of Cre-Recombinase Has No Persisting Effects on Adult Neurogenesis or Learning and Anxiety. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:27. [PMID: 28203140 PMCID: PMC5285339 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is a tightly regulated process continuously taking place in the central nervous system of most mammalian species. In neuroscience research, transgenic animals bearing the tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2-Lox system are widely used. In this study, we made use of a Nestin-CreERT2/R26R-YFP transgenic mouse model in which the CreERT2 activates the expression of YFP in multipotent neural stem cells upon tamoxifen application. Humoral factors, such as the levels of estrogens, have been reported to affect the hippocampal neurogenesis. The application of tamoxifen, a mixed agonist/antagonist of the estrogen receptor that permeates the blood-brain-barrier, could thus influence adult neurogenesis. Although the functions of adult neurogenesis are yet to be fully deciphered, a reciprocal interaction between rates of neurogenesis on the one hand and learning and mood regulation on the other hand, has been suggested. The impact of tamoxifen on neurogenesis and behavior was therefore addressed following five daily applications according to the open field test, the elevated plus maze, and Morris water maze. In addition, the impact of short-term tamoxifen application on progenitor cell proliferation, morphology, and fate in the neurogenic niche of the dentate gyrus were investigated. Finally, the influence of the route of administration (oral vs. intra-peritoneal) and gender-specific response were scrutinized. The sub-acute analysis did neither reveal significant differences in behavior, such as voluntary motor activity, anxiety behavior, and spatial learning, nor in cell proliferation, cell survival, dendritic arborization or maturation rate within the dentate gyrus between saline solution-, corn oil-, and tamoxifen-treated groups. Finally, neither the route of application, nor the gender of treated mice influenced the response to tamoxifen. We conclude that short tamoxifen treatments used to activate the CreERT2 system in transgenic mouse models does not have a measurable impact on adult neurogenesis or the here tested behavior, and is therefore appropriate for most studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rotheneichner
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Pasquale Romanelli
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastian Pagitsch
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Pia Zaunmair
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Kreutzer
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Richard König
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Marschallinger
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Sébastien Couillard-Després
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
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20
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Noilhan C, Barigou M, Bieler L, Amar J, Chamontin B, Bouhanick B. Causes of secondary hypertension in the young population: A monocentric study. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2016; 65:159-164. [PMID: 27209493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of different causes of hypertension in young adults referred to a hypertension center in the south west of France. METHODS We conducted a retrospective overview of patients younger than 40years old hospitalized consecutively in the Hypertension department of Toulouse University Hospital between 2012 and 2014. Clinical data about gender, age, anthropomorphic parameters and blood pressure measurement by 24h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) were recorded. Biological data concerned dosages of kalemia, renin and aldosterone in the supine or after 15min of seating. Recorded radiological examinations were renal artery ultrasound and abdominal CT scan. RESULTS One hundred and forty-eight detailed medical records were analyzed, 69 women and 79 men. Among the 69 women, the causes of secondary hypertension were primary aldosteronism (n=7), fibromuscular dysplasia (n=5) and renal disease (n=4). Oral contraceptives were involved in 13 women. In addition, essential hypertension concerned 40 women (58%). Among the 79 men, the causes of secondary hypertension were primary aldosteronism (n=10), fibromuscular dysplasia (n=3), left main renal artery entrapment by a diaphragmatic crura (n=2), renal disease (n=1), pheochromocytoma (n=3) and coarctation of the aorta (n=2). In addition, essential hypertension concerned 58 men (73%). CONCLUSIONS In our population, the prevalence of secondary hypertension is close to 33% (42% of females and 27% of males), with the following main causes: primary aldosteronism for 11.5%; fibromuscular dysplasia for 5.4%. Oral contraceptives were involved in the hypertension of 19% of the females.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Noilhan
- Hypertension department, Cardiovascular and metabolic center, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - M Barigou
- Hypertension department, Cardiovascular and metabolic center, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France.
| | - L Bieler
- Hypertension department, Cardiovascular and metabolic center, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - J Amar
- Hypertension department, Cardiovascular and metabolic center, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - B Chamontin
- Hypertension department, Cardiovascular and metabolic center, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - B Bouhanick
- Hypertension department, Cardiovascular and metabolic center, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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21
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Kaser-Eichberger A, Schroedl F, Bieler L, Trost A, Bogner B, Runge C, Tempfer H, Zaunmair P, Kreutzer C, Traweger A, Reitsamer HA, Couillard-Despres S. Expression of Lymphatic Markers in the Adult Rat Spinal Cord. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:23. [PMID: 26903808 PMCID: PMC4746237 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, lymphatic vessels are thought to be absent from the central nervous system (CNS), although they are widely distributed within the rest of the body. Recent work in the eye, i.e., another organ regarded as alymphatic, revealed numerous cells expressing lymphatic markers. As the latter can be involved in the response to pathological conditions, we addressed the presence of cells expressing lymphatic markers within the spinal cord by immunohistochemistry. Spinal cord of young adult Fisher rats was scrutinized for the co-expression of the lymphatic markers PROX1 and LYVE-1 with the cell type markers Iba1, CD68, PGP9.5, OLIG2. Rat skin served as positive control for the lymphatic markers. PROX1-immunoreactivity was detected in many nuclei throughout the spinal cord white and gray matter. These nuclei showed no association with LYVE-1. Expression of LYVE-1 could only be detected in cells at the spinal cord surface and in cells closely associated with blood vessels. These cells were found to co-express Iba1, a macrophage and microglia marker. Further, double labeling experiments using CD68, another marker found in microglia and macrophages, also displayed co-localization in the Iba1+ cells located at the spinal cord surface and those apposed to blood vessels. On the other hand, PROX1-expressing cells found in the parenchyma were lacking Iba1 or PGP9.5, but a significant fraction of those cells showed co-expression of the oligodendrocyte lineage marker OLIG2. Intriguingly, following spinal cord injury, LYVE-1-expressing cells assembled and reorganized into putative pre-vessel structures. As expected, the rat skin used as positive controls revealed classical lymphatic vessels, displaying PROX1+ nuclei surrounded by LYVE-1-immunoreactivity. Classical lymphatics were not detected in adult rat spinal cord. Nevertheless, numerous cells expressing either LYVE-1 or PROX1 were identified. Based on their localization and overlapping expression with Iba1, the LYVE-1+ cell population likely represents a macrophage subpopulation, while a significant fraction of PROX1+ cells belong to the oligodendrocytic lineage based on their distribution and the expression of OLIG2. The response of these LYVE-1+ and PROX1+ cell subpopulations to pathological conditions, especially in spinal cord inflammatory conditions, needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Falk Schroedl
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Institute of Anatomy, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Lara Bieler
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Andrea Trost
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Bogner
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Runge
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationVienna, Austria
| | - Pia Zaunmair
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Kreutzer
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue RegenerationVienna, Austria
| | - Herbert A Reitsamer
- University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sebastien Couillard-Despres
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburg, Austria
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Cossin S, Malavaud S, Jarno P, Giard M, L'Hériteau F, Simon L, Bieler L, Molinier L, Marcheix B, Venier AG, Simon L, Ali-Brandmeyer O, Neels C, Jarno P, Aupée M, Perennec M, Astagneau P, L'Hériteau F, Daniel F, Campion C, Giard M, Bernet C, Caillat-Vallet E, Venier AG, Bervas C, Reyreaud E, Baillet P, Costa Y, Jost JL, Merle V, Merlo L, Seguier JC, Malavaud S, Bruyere F, Thiolet JM, Barquin-Guichard S. Surgical site infection after valvular or coronary artery bypass surgery: 2008–2011 French SSI national ISO-RAISIN surveillance. J Hosp Infect 2015; 91:225-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Oberbauer E, Urmann C, Steffenhagen C, Bieler L, Brunner D, Furtner T, Humpel C, Bäumer B, Bandtlow C, Couillard-Despres S, Rivera FJ, Riepl H, Aigner L. Chroman-like cyclic prenylflavonoids promote neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth and are neuroprotective. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1953-62. [PMID: 24070601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids target a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms and are therefore increasingly considered as compounds encompassed with therapeutic potentials in diseases such as cancer, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases and mood disorders. Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is rich in flavonoids such as the flavanone 8-prenylnaringenin, which is the most potent phytoestrogen identified so far, and the prenylchalcone xanthohumol, which has potent tumor-preventive, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. In the present study, we questioned whether hops-derived prenylflavonoids and synthetic derivatives thereof act on neuronal precursor cells and neuronal cell lines to induce neuronal differentiation, neurite outgrowth and neuroprotection. Therefore, mouse embryonic forebrain-derived neural precursors and Neuro2a neuroblastoma-derived cells were stimulated with the prenylflavonoids of interest, and their potential to activate the promoter of the neuronal fate-specific doublecortin gene and to stimulate neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth was analyzed. In this screening, we identified highly "neuroactive" compounds, which we termed "enhancement of neuronal differentiation factors" (ENDFs). The most potent molecule, ENDF1, was demonstrated to promote neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells and neurite outgrowth of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons and protected neuronal PC12 cells from cobalt chloride-induced as well as cholinergic neurons of the nucleus basalis of Meynert from deafferentation-induced cell death. The results indicate that hops-derived prenylflavonoids such as ENDFs might be powerful molecules to promote neurogenesis, neuroregeneration and neuroprotection in cases of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, acute brain and spinal cord lesion and age-associated cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Oberbauer
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Asenbaum A, Pruner C, Schröer H, Plätzer K, Bieler L, Brandstetter H, Schirmacher W, Schulte A, Wilhelm E. Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering in a lysozyme–water mixture: An unusual behavior around 343K. J Mol Liq 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Amar J, Bieler L, Salvador M, Guittard J, Chamontin B. [Ambulatory blood pressure, intima media thickness, global cardiovascular risk and therapeutic decisions]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1998; 91:985-8. [PMID: 9749150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and global cardiovascular risk on the therapeutic strategies issued from our hypertension unit. METHODS All essential uncomplicated and never treated hypertensive patients referred to our hypertension unit between 1996 and 1997 for etiologic or target organ damage evaluation were considered eligible. We excluded diabetics and patients with renal disease who need a specific therapeutical approach. 54 patients (44.7 +/- 10.1 years) were included (40 men). All patients underwent an ABPM measurement. The right common carotid IMT measurement had been performed (0.06 +/- 09 mm). The global cardiovascular risks were assessed with the Framingham prediction chart taking into account age, sex, total cholesterol, smoking status and systolic office blood pressure. According to the therapeutic decision three groups were made up: group 1 lifestyle counselling (n = 13), group 2 single drug therapy (n = 31), and group 3 combination therapy (n = 10). RESULTS No significant difference was found in age, sex ratio, prevalence of severe hypertension, office systolic blood pressure, body mass index, global cardiovascular risk between the three groups. In contrast ABP (24 h ABP mmHg: group 1: 128.23 +/- 6.91/79.7 +/- 6.4; group 2: 140.48 +/- 9.7/97.48 +/- 8.17; group 3: 152.4 +/- 15.35/99.4 +/- 12.14 p < .0001) and IMT (group 1: 10.55 +/- .09, group 2: .59 +/- .07, group 3: .66 +/- .11 p = .02), were significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2 and in group 1. The percentage of white coat hypertensives was higher in group 1 than in group 3 (group 1: 61.5%, group 2: 3.2%, group 3: 0%). In the whole population, the higher was the global cardiovascular risk, the higher was the common carotid intima media thickness. In this study the global cardiovascular risks are not related to therapeutic decisions. Therapeutic strategies are influenced by ABP level and by the vascular remodeling which depends partly on the global cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Amar
- Service de médecine interne et d'hypertension artérielle, Pavillon Turiaf, CHU Purpan, Toulouse
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Amar J, Bieler L, Salvador M, Chamontin B. [Intima media thickness of the carotid artery in white coat and ambulatory hypertension]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1997; 90:1075-8. [PMID: 9404412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies have reported an association between carotid intima media thickness (IMT), ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and absolute cardiovascular risk. To study the relation between white coat effect and vascular changes in hypertensives (HT), 57 essential HT (office blood pressure (OBP) 152.2 +/- 19.5/93.7 +/- 12.4 mmHg) were recruited (46.4 +/- 11.8 years old, 49 men). After antihypertensive drugs withdrawal, an ABP was performed (Spacelabs 90207). The right common carotid artery IMT 3 cm proximal to the bifurcation was examined by ultrasonography. IMT (0.59 +/- 0.09 mm; Software lotec system) were measured by a reader blinded to the ABP data. White coat hypertension (WCH) was defined by a mean day-time ambulatory BP (d-ABP) lower than the 90th percentile of the distribution of daytime ABP of a normotensive population reported by Verdecchia et al. (131/86 mmHg in women and 136/87 mmHg in men). [table: see text] White coat hypertension was found in 8 from 57 (14%) subjects. IMT was significantly increased in ambulatory HT when compared with white coat HT while age, sex ratio, OBP, smoking status were not different. In stepwise regression age and systolic d-ABP were the only determinants of IMT (p < 0.05). In our hypertensive population. ABP appears more closely related to IMT than OBP and IMT in sustained is greater than in white coat hypertensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Amar
- Service de médecine interne et d'hypertension artérielle, CHU, Purpan, Toulouse
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Cammer W, Bieler L, Fredman T, Norton WT. Quantitation of myelin carbonic anhydrase-development and subfractionation of rat brain myelin and comparison with myelin from other species. Brain Res 1977; 138:17-28. [PMID: 412569 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(77)90781-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A number of related studies have been performed to characterize further the carbonic anhydrase activity of myelin. Recent assertions that carbonic anhydrase activity is intrinsic to the myelin sheath were subjected to the additional test of isolation of rat brain myelin in the presence of purified carbonic anhydrase. This procedure did not increase the carbonic anhydrase activity in myelin above the endogenous level, indicating that this enzyme does not stick to myelin membranes. A developmental study of rat brain carbonic anhydrase showed that the enzyme activity increased in whole brain homogenates and in myelin, with the greatest increments in enzyme activity occurring before the animals were 60 days old. When myelin from adult rat brains was fractionated on a density gradient, carbonic anhydrase activity was relatively enriched in the heavy subfraction but was present in all three layers. This finding suggested that the activity in myelin preparations was not due to contamination with a carbonic anhydrase-rich membrane fragment. Carbonic anhydrase in myelin was not confined to the rat. Beef brain homogenates and myelin had low activities of the enzyme, but myelin from rabbit, cat, monkey and mouse had carbonic anhydrase activities comparable to that of the rat, accounting for 6.3--13.6% of the respective homogenate activities.
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