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Lopes BAEAJ, Toledo LT, Caldeira JLA, Rodrigues FAF, de Barros M, de Souza LFL, Gonzaga NF, Dos Santos MH, Silva-Júnior A, Moreira MAS. Synergism between molecules derived from Garcinia brasiliensis and antimicrobial drugs on field isolates of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1011-1015. [PMID: 38012513 PMCID: PMC10920607 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01175-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is one of the smallest free-living bacteria found in nature; it has an extremely small genome and lacks a cell wall. It is the main etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), a chronic respiratory disease with worldwide distribution that causes significant losses in swine production. Due to the great economic impact caused by EP, new strategies for treating and controlling this agent are researched. The objective of this study was to verify the anti-M. hyopneumoniae activity of compounds derived from Garcinia brasiliensis and the synergism with the main antimicrobials used in the treatment of EP; this is the first study assessing the synergism between bioactive molecules and antimicrobial compounds in vitro against isolates of M. hyopneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antimicrobials tiamulin, valnemulin, and enrofloxacin, as well as the bioactive compounds guttiferone-A (Gut-A), 7-epiculsone (7-Epic), copper 7-epiculsone (7-Epic-Cu), and benzophenone, were determined. Subsequently, the interactions of antibiotics with the compounds were evaluated using the checkerboard method. Three field M. hyopneumoniae isolates were used, and the J strain was used as a control. The MIC values of the antimicrobials compared to the field isolates were equal to and lower than those of the reference strain J. Among the compounds used, 7-Epic-Cu showed the lowest MIC value. Synergistic association was observed for Gut-A with tiamulin and valnemulin, whereas 7-Epic and 7-Epic-Cu showed synergistic action with enrofloxacin. No synergistic effect was observed for benzophenone. Despite being an initial study, the results suggest that these combinations hold promise for the treatment of infections caused by M. hyopneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mariana de Barros
- Department de Veterinary, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Abelardo Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
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Effects of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Garcinia gardneriana Leaves in an In Vivo Experimental Model Induced by a Hyperlipidic Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061308. [PMID: 36986038 PMCID: PMC10051817 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of medicinal plants, such as the genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae), in the treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases has aroused the interest of researchers. However, there are no studies in the literature that have investigated the effects of Garcinia gardneriana in experimental models of obesity for possible metabolic alterations. Swiss mice receiving a high-fat diet were supplemented with aqueous or ethanolic extract of G. gardneriana at doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg/day. It was found that there was a reduction in food consumption in experimental groups compared with the control groups, and the group supplemented with aqueous extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg/daydisplayed a reduction in weight. The results showed an increase in the values of high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), total cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting blood glucose. G. gardneriana did not protect against insulin resistance, and caused in an increase in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) concentrations and a reduction in interleukin 10 (IL-10). In addition, hepatic steatosis and microvesicular steatosis were indicated. It was revealed that, under the experimental conditions in the study, G. gardneriana did not prevent weight gain or comorbidities; that is, a different behavior was obtained from that described in the literature with regard to the medicinal potential of the Garcinia species, which is probably related to the phytochemical properties.
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de Souza AA, de Andrade DM, Siqueira FDS, Di Iorio JF, Veloso MP, Coelho CDM, Viegas Junior C, Gontijo VS, Dos Santos MH, Meneghetti MCZ, Nader HB, Tersariol ILDS, Juliano L, Juliano MA, Judice WADS. Semysinthetic biflavonoid Morelloflavone-7,4',7″,3‴,4‴-penta-O-butanoyl is a more potent inhibitor of Proprotein Convertases Subtilisin/Kexin PC1/3 than Kex2 and Furin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:130016. [PMID: 34560176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.130016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Garcinia brasiliensis is a species native to the Amazon forest. The white mucilaginous pulp is used in folk medicine as a wound healing agent and for peptic ulcer, urinary, and tumor disease treatments. The activity of the proprotein convertases (PCs) Subtilisin/Kex is associated with the development of viral, bacterial and fungal infections, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and neoplastic diseases. METHODS Morelloflavone (BF1) and semisynthetic biflavonoid (BF2, 3 and 4) from Garcinia brasiliensis were tested as inhibitor of PCs Kex2, PC1/3 and Furin, and determined IC50, Ki, human proinflammatory cytokines secretion in Caco-2 cells, mechanism of inhibition, and performed molecular docking studies. RESULTS Biflavonoids were more effective in the inhibition of neuroendocrine PC1/3 than mammalian Furin and fungal Kex2. BF1 presented a mixed inhibition mechanism for Kex2 and PC1, and competitive inhibition for Furin. BF4 has no good interaction with Kex2 and Furin since carboxypropyl groups results in steric hindrance to ligand-protein interactions. Carboxypropyl groups of BF4 promote steric hindrance with Kex2 and Furin, but effective in the affinity of PC1/3. BF4 was more efficient at inhibiting PCl/3 (IC50 = 1.13 μM and Ki = 0,59 μM, simple linear competitive mechanism of inhibition) than Kex2, Furin. Also, our results strongly suggested that BF4 also inhibits the endogenous cellular PC1/3 activity in Caco-2 cells, since PC1/3 inhibition by BF4 causes a large increase in IL-8 and IL-1β secretion in Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS BF4 is a potent and selective inhibitor of PC1/3. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE BF4 is the best candidate for further clinical studies on inhibition of PC1/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Aparecida de Souza
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, 08780-911 Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Martins de Andrade
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, 08780-911 Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Fábio da Silva Siqueira
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, 08780-911 Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fortes Di Iorio
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, 08780-911 Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Paranho Veloso
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Simulação Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila de Morais Coelho
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular e Simulação Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37130-001 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Claudio Viegas Junior
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Química Medicinal, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37,133-840 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva Gontijo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Química Medicinal, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 37,133-840 Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cecília Zorél Meneghetti
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivarne Luis Dos Santos Tersariol
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, 08780-911 Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04044-020 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Alves de Souza Judice
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, 08780-911 Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.
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Porras G, Chassagne F, Lyles JT, Marquez L, Dettweiler M, Salam AM, Samarakoon T, Shabih S, Farrokhi DR, Quave CL. Ethnobotany and the Role of Plant Natural Products in Antibiotic Drug Discovery. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3495-3560. [PMID: 33164487 PMCID: PMC8183567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The crisis of antibiotic resistance necessitates creative and innovative approaches, from chemical identification and analysis to the assessment of bioactivity. Plant natural products (NPs) represent a promising source of antibacterial lead compounds that could help fill the drug discovery pipeline in response to the growing antibiotic resistance crisis. The major strength of plant NPs lies in their rich and unique chemodiversity, their worldwide distribution and ease of access, their various antibacterial modes of action, and the proven clinical effectiveness of plant extracts from which they are isolated. While many studies have tried to summarize NPs with antibacterial activities, a comprehensive review with rigorous selection criteria has never been performed. In this work, the literature from 2012 to 2019 was systematically reviewed to highlight plant-derived compounds with antibacterial activity by focusing on their growth inhibitory activity. A total of 459 compounds are included in this Review, of which 50.8% are phenolic derivatives, 26.6% are terpenoids, 5.7% are alkaloids, and 17% are classified as other metabolites. A selection of 183 compounds is further discussed regarding their antibacterial activity, biosynthesis, structure-activity relationship, mechanism of action, and potential as antibiotics. Emerging trends in the field of antibacterial drug discovery from plants are also discussed. This Review brings to the forefront key findings on the antibacterial potential of plant NPs for consideration in future antibiotic discovery and development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Porras
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - François Chassagne
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - James T. Lyles
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Lewis Marquez
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 115, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Micah Dettweiler
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 105L, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Akram M. Salam
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 115, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Tharanga Samarakoon
- Emory University Herbarium, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Rd NE, Room 102, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Sarah Shabih
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Darya Raschid Farrokhi
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Cassandra L. Quave
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, 1557 Dickey Dr., Atlanta, Georgia 30322
- Emory University Herbarium, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Rd NE, Room 102, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 105L, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 115, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
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Ferraz CG, Ribeiro PR, Mendonça R, Silveira ER, Cruz FG. Novel polyprenylated benzophenone derivatives from Clusia burle-marxii. Fitoterapia 2020; 149:104760. [PMID: 33075410 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Three new caged polyprenylated benzophenone derivatives named burlemarxiones D-F (1-3) were isolated from the hexane extract of Clusia burle-marxii trunks. Burlemarxione D (1) contains the tetracyclo[8.3.1.03,11.05,10]tetradecane core skeleton also observed for burlemarxione A, its probable immediate precursor. However, two additional rings are formed to produce an unprecedented complex-caged core skeleton. These additional rings could be formed by a radical cyclization reaction of one prenyl group at C-5 with C-1 and C-33, followed by oxidative dehydrogenation (rearomatization) or by an intramolecular [4 + 2] radical cycloaddition (Diels-Alder reaction), followed by an enolization reaction (rearomatization). Burlemarxiones E and F were isolated after methylation with diazomethane that was necessary to avoid the interconversion of the pair of β-diketones in tautomeric equilibrium. The proposed biosynthetic pathway for burlemarxiones D-F involves the condensation of either lavandulyl pyrophosphate or 2-(1-methylvinyl)-hexa-5-enyl pyrophosphate with the acylphloroglucinol derivative 6-benzoyl-5-hydroxy-5-cyclohexen-1,3-dione, followed by consecutive prenylation reactions. Therefore, Clusia burle-marxii reinforces the claim that the genus Clusia is an important source of sophisticated caged polyprenylated benzophenone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caline G Ferraz
- Grupo de Estudos de Substâncias Naturais Orgânicas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115 Salvador, Brazil; Metabolomics Research Group, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115 Salvador, Brazil.
| | - Paulo R Ribeiro
- Grupo de Estudos de Substâncias Naturais Orgânicas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115 Salvador, Brazil; Metabolomics Research Group, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Renata Mendonça
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, CP 1524, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Edilberto R Silveira
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60021-940 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Frederico G Cruz
- Grupo de Estudos de Substâncias Naturais Orgânicas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115 Salvador, Brazil
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do Espirito Santo BLS, Santana LF, Kato Junior WH, de Araújo FDO, Bogo D, Freitas KDC, Guimarães RDCA, Hiane PA, Pott A, Filiú WFDO, Arakaki Asato M, Figueiredo PDO, Bastos PRHDO. Medicinal Potential of Garcinia Species and Their Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194513. [PMID: 33019745 PMCID: PMC7582350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Garcinia is a genus of Clusiaceae, distributed throughout tropical Asia, Africa, New Caledonia, Polynesia, and Brazil. Garcinia plants contain a broad range of biologically active metabolites which, in the last few decades, have received considerable attention due to the chemical compositions of their extracts, with compounds which have been shown to have beneficial effects in several diseases. Our work had the objective of reviewing the benefits of five Garcinia species (G. brasiliensis, G. gardneriana, G. pedunculata, G. cambogia, and G. mangstana). These species provide a rich natural source of bioactive compounds with relevant therapeutic properties and anti-inflammatory effects, such as for the treatment of skin disorders, wounds, pain, and infections, having demonstrated antinociceptive, antioxidant, antitumoral, antifungal, anticancer, antihistaminic, antiulcerogenic, antimicrobial, antiviral, vasodilator, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and cardioprotective properties. This demonstrates the relevance of the genus as a rich source of compounds with valuable therapeutic properties, with potential use in the prevention and treatment of nontransmissible chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Larissa Spontoni do Espirito Santo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Lidiani Figueiredo Santana
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Wilson Hino Kato Junior
- Graduate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Felipe de Oliveira de Araújo
- Graduate of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Karine de Cássia Freitas
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-67-3345-7416
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Laboratory of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Wander Fernando de Oliveira Filiú
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Marcel Arakaki Asato
- Medical School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia de Oliveira Figueiredo
- Laboratory PRONABio (Bioactive Natural Products)-Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79074-460 Campo Grande, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Roberto Haidamus de Oliveira Bastos
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, 79070-900 Campo Grande, Brazil; (B.L.S.d.E.S.); (L.F.S.); (D.B.); (R.d.C.A.G.); (P.A.H.); (P.R.H.d.O.B.)
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Leyva Del Rio D, Sartori N, Tomblin NB, Phark JH, Pardi V, Murata RM, Duarte S. Bioactive Dental Adhesive System With tt-Farnesol: Effects on Dental Biofilm and Bonding Properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:865. [PMID: 32793584 PMCID: PMC7390972 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Composite dental restorations are commonly used to restore cavitated carious lesions. Unfortunately, the main reason for failure is the development of secondary caries adjacent to the restoration. To improve the long-term survival of restorations, antibacterial agents have been added into dental materials. In this study, we assessed the antibacterial and bonding capacity of a commercial universal dental adhesive incorporated with the antibacterial agent tt-farnesol creating 3 experimental adhesives: 0.38% (v/v), 1.90% (v/v), and 3.80% (v/v), plus a control (no incorporation of tt-farnesol). Methods The antibacterial activity was evaluated by assessing colony-forming units (CFU), biofilm dry weight (DW) and production of extracellular insoluble polysaccharides (EIP) at day 2, 3, and 5 of biofilm growth post surface treatment on the surface of composite disks. The effect of tt-farnesol on the chemical and bonding capacity of the adhesive system was assessed via pH analysis, degree of conversion (DC), and microtensile bond strengths to human dentin in both self-etch and etch-and-rinse application modes. A qualitative analysis of the effects of tt-farnesol on biofilm formation was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The sealing capacity of all adhesive systems tested was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results The 3.80% (v/v) experimental adhesive exhibited the lowest CFU count and lowest production of EIP at day 5. DW and pH values did no exhibit statistical differences among all tested groups. Bond strengths and DC decreased with the incorporation of the antibacterial agent into the adhesive system regardless of the concentration of tt-farnesol. Conclusion The incorporation of tt-farnesol into the adhesive system significantly reduced bacterial viability and production of EIP; however, the bonding properties of the experimental dental adhesives were altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Leyva Del Rio
- Advanced Program in Operative and Adhesive Dentistry, Division of Restorative Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neimar Sartori
- Advanced Program in Operative and Adhesive Dentistry, Division of Restorative Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nichole Barton Tomblin
- Division of Periodontology Diagnostic Sciences, Dental Hygiene & Biomedical Science, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jin-Ho Phark
- Advanced Program in Operative and Adhesive Dentistry, Division of Restorative Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vanessa Pardi
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Ramiro M Murata
- Department of Foundational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Sillas Duarte
- Advanced Program in Operative and Adhesive Dentistry, Division of Restorative Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Comprehensive multivariate correlations between climatic effect, metabolite-profile, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of Brazilian red propolis metabolites during seasonal study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18293. [PMID: 31797960 PMCID: PMC6893030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The standardization of apiceutical products like as propolis extracts has been widely debated worldwide and variations in the propolis chemical composition are still very relevant topics for use-standardized of different propolis-type as medication by much of the world’s population. The present manuscript discuss important issues related to the climate effect and variations in propolis metabolite-profiling changes, antioxidant capacity and variations of the antibacterial activity of the Brazilian red propolis metabolites using comprehensive multivariate correlations. It was observed the increasing of guttiferones concentrations during the intense drought period and drastic decreasing in rainy period. The climate variation induced the high concentration of flavonoids in rainy period with pronounced dropped in some rainy months. The Pearson´s analysis demonstrated correlation between IC50 from DPPH and guttiferones and flavonoids concentrations. The PCA-X and Hotelling T2 test showed outliers during the months with lowest concentrations of formononetin and isoliquiritigenin was observed in antibacterial tests. The PLS-DA, OPLS-DA and VIP analysis demonstrate guttiferone E, guttiferone B, liquiritigenin, naringenin are considered important substances responsible by anti-staphylococcal activity in red propolis composition during the rainy season and drought period, but a synergistic effect with other flavonoids and isoflavonoids are not ruled out.
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7- epi-Clusianone, a Multi-Targeting Natural Product with Potential Chemotherapeutic, Immune-Modulating, and Anti-Angiogenic Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234415. [PMID: 31816878 PMCID: PMC6930650 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies have changed the treatment of cancer, giving new hope to many patients in recent years. The shortcomings of targeted therapies including acquired resistance, limited susceptible patients, high cost, and high toxicities, have led to the necessity of combining these therapies with other targeted or chemotherapeutic treatments. Natural products are uniquely capable of synergizing with targeted and non-targeted anticancer regimens due to their ability to affect multiple cellular pathways simultaneously. Compounds which provide an additive effect to the often combined immune therapies and cytotoxic chemotherapies, are exceedingly rare. These compounds would however provide a strengthening bridge between the two treatment modalities, increasing their effectiveness and improving patient prognoses. In this study, 7-epi-clusianone was investigated for its anticancer properties. While previous studies have suggested clusianone and its conformational isomers, including 7-epi-clusianone, are chemotherapeutic, few cancer types have been demonstrated to exhibit sensitivity to these compounds and little is known about the mechanism. In this study, 7-epi-clusianone was shown to inhibit the growth of 60 cancer cell types and induce significant cell death in 25 cancer cell lines, while simultaneously modulating the immune system, inhibiting angiogenesis, and inhibiting cancer cell invasion, making it a promising lead compound for cancer drug discovery.
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Kumaunang M, Sanchart C, Suyotha W, Maneerat S. Virgibacillus halodenitrificans MSK-10P, a Potential Protease-producing Starter Culture for Fermented Shrimp Paste (kapi) Production. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2019.1652874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Kumaunang
- Biotechnology for Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro‑Industry, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Chatthaphisuth Sanchart
- Biotechnology for Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro‑Industry, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, Thailand
| | - Wasana Suyotha
- Biotechnology for Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro‑Industry, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, Thailand
| | - Suppasil Maneerat
- Biotechnology for Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro‑Industry, Prince of Songkla University, HatYai, Thailand
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Maia NL, de Barros M, de Oliveira LL, Cardoso SA, Dos Santos MH, Pieri FA, Ramalho TC, da Cunha EFF, Moreira MAS. Synergism of Plant Compound With Traditional Antimicrobials Against Streptococcus spp. Isolated From Bovine Mastitis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1203. [PMID: 29928266 PMCID: PMC5998740 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland that causes major losses in the dairy industry. Streptococcus spp. are among the main agents of this disease. Increased resistance to antibiotics is one of the causes of therapeutic failure. Plants, due to their broad chemodiversity, are an interesting source of new molecules with antibacterial activity. Using these compounds along with traditional antibiotics is a possible method for reversing resistance. The objective of this work was to determine the interactions between the activities of guttiferone-A and 7-epiclusianone, two active substances isolated from the fruits of Garcinia brasiliensis, and traditional antibiotics against Streptococcus spp. isolated from bovine mastitis and known to be resistant to them. First, the MIC for the antibiotics and bioactive compounds was determined, followed by their activities, alone and in combination. Then, their cytotoxicity was measured in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Finally, molecular docking simulations were performed to elucidate molecular details of the interactions between β-lactamase and the compounds binding to it (clavulanic acid, ampicillin, 7-epiclusianone, and guttiferone-A). The bacterial isolates were resistant to ampicillin and gentamicin. Both antibiotics showed predominantly synergistic antibacterial activities in combination with guttiferone-A or 7-epiclusianone. These two active substances were not cytotoxic at synergistic concentrations and both showed strong binding to β-lactamase, which may explain the reversal of ampicillin resistance. These substances are promising for the treatment of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha L Maia
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Barros
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Leandro L de Oliveira
- Immunochemistry and Glycobiology Laboratory, Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Silvia A Cardoso
- Department of Medicine and Nursing, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Marcelo H Dos Santos
- Synthesis of Agrochemicals Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Pieri
- Department of Basic Life Sciences, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria A S Moreira
- Bacterial Disease Laboratory, Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Yang XW, Grossman RB, Xu G. Research Progress of Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3508-3558. [PMID: 29461053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) are a class of hybrid natural products sharing the mevalonate/methylerythritol phosphate and polyketide biosynthetic pathways and showing considerable structure and bioactivity diversity. This review discusses the progress of research into the chemistry and biological activity of 421 natural PPAPs in the past 11 years as well as in-depth studies of biological activities and total synthesis of some PPAPs isolated before 2006. We created an online database of all PPAPs known to date at http://www.chem.uky.edu/research/grossman/PPAPs . Two subclasses of biosynthetically related metabolites, spirocyclic PPAPs with octahydrospiro[cyclohexan-1,5'-indene]-2,4,6-trione core and complicated PPAPs produced by intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions of MPAPs, are brought into the PPAP family. Some PPAPs' relative or absolute configurations are reassigned or critically discussed, and the confusing trivial names in PPAPs investigations are clarified. Pharmacologic studies have revealed a new molecular mechanism whereby hyperforin and its derivatives regulate neurotransmitter levels by activating TRPC6 as well as the antitumor mechanism of garcinol and its analogues. The antineoplastic potential of some type B PPAPs such as oblongifolin C and guttiferone K has increased significantly. As a result of the recent appearances of innovative synthetic methods and strategies, the total syntheses of 22 natural PPAPs including hyperforin, garcinol, and plukenetione A have been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Robert B Grossman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , United States
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
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Guttroff C, Baykal A, Wang H, Popella P, Kraus F, Biber N, Krauss S, Götz F, Plietker B. Polycyclische, polyprenylierte Acylphloroglucinole - eine Klasse nicht-peptidbasierter MRSA- und VRE-aktiver Antibiotika. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guttroff
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Aslihan Baykal
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Mikrobielle Genetik, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Tübingen (IMIT); Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 28 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Peter Popella
- Mikrobielle Genetik, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Tübingen (IMIT); Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 28 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Frank Kraus
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Nicole Biber
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Sophia Krauss
- Mikrobielle Genetik, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Tübingen (IMIT); Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 28 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Friedrich Götz
- Mikrobielle Genetik, Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Tübingen (IMIT); Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 28 72076 Tübingen Deutschland
| | - Bernd Plietker
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Deutschland
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Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols: An Emerging Class of Non-Peptide-Based MRSA- and VRE-Active Antibiotics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15852-15856. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abachi S, Lee S, Rupasinghe HPV. Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibition of Streptococcus Species by Phytochemicals. Molecules 2016; 21:E215. [PMID: 26901172 PMCID: PMC6273676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review paper summarizes the antibacterial effects of phytochemicals of various medicinal plants against pathogenic and cariogenic streptococcal species. The information suggests that these phytochemicals have potential as alternatives to the classical antibiotics currently used for the treatment of streptococcal infections. The phytochemicals demonstrate direct bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects, such as: (i) prevention of bacterial adherence to mucosal surfaces of the pharynx, skin, and teeth surface; (ii) inhibition of glycolytic enzymes and pH drop; (iii) reduction of biofilm and plaque formation; and (iv) cell surface hydrophobicity. Collectively, findings from numerous studies suggest that phytochemicals could be used as drugs for elimination of infections with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Abachi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS PO Box 550, Canada.
| | - Song Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS PO Box 15000, Canada.
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7-Epiclusianone, a Benzophenone Extracted from Garcinia brasiliensis (Clusiaceae), Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in G1/S Transition in A549 Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:12804-16. [PMID: 26184153 PMCID: PMC6332126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200712804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. Disease stage is the most relevant factor influencing mortality. Unfortunately, most patients are still diagnosed at an advanced stage and their five-year survival rate is only 4%. Thus, it is relevant to identify novel drugs that can improve the treatment options for lung cancer. Natural products have been an important source for the discovery of new compounds with pharmacological potential including antineoplastic agents. We have previously isolated a prenylated benzophenone (7-epiclusianone) from Garcinia brasiliensis (Clusiaceae) that has several biological properties including antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines. In continuation with our studies, the present work aimed to investigate the mechanisms involved with antiproliferative activity of 7-epiclusianone in A549 cells. Our data showed that 7-epiclusianone reduced the viability of A549 cells in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 of 16.13 ± 1.12 μM). Cells were arrested in G1/S transition and apoptosis was induced. In addition, we observed morphological changes with cytoskeleton disorganization in consequence of the treatment. Taken together, the results showed that cell cycle arrest in G1/S transition is the main mechanism involved with antiproliferative activity of 7-epiclusianone. Our results are promising and open up the prospect of using this compound in further anticancer in vivo studies.
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Bisio A, Schito AM, Ebrahimi SN, Hamburger M, Mele G, Piatti G, Romussi G, Dal Piaz F, De Tommasi N. Antibacterial compounds from Salvia adenophora Fernald (Lamiaceae). PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 110:120-32. [PMID: 25435172 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
From the aerial parts of Salvia adenophora Fernald four derivatives of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (1-4) together with five clerodane diterpenoids (5, 6, 8-10), and one known diterpene (7) have been isolated. Compounds 1-6 and 8-10 are described for the first time. The structures were established by extensive 1D, 2D NMR and HRESI-TOFMS spectroscopic methods. Finally, the absolute configuration has been established by comparing of experimental and quantum chemical calculation of ECD spectra. Despite a total lack of antimicrobial activity of the plant extract, hinting to the existence of antagonistic interactions in the crude material, three oxylipins (2-4) displayed a promising inhibition on Gram-positive multidrug-resistant clinical strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and, particularly, Staphylococcus epidermidis, while the compounds 9 and 10 revealed a specific and strain-dependent activity against S. epidermidis. Interestingly, the inhibition provided by these compounds was independent of the resistance patterns of these pathogens to classic antibiotics. No action was reported on Gram-negative strains nor on Candida albicans. These results confirm that clerodanes and, particularly, prostaglandin-like compounds can be considered as interesting antimicrobial agents deserving further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bisio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Via Brigata Salerno 13, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate, Sezione di Microbiologia, Università di Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 8, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Samad Nejad Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Mele
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Via Brigata Salerno 13, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Piatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate, Sezione di Microbiologia, Università di Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 8, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Romussi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Via Brigata Salerno 13, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy
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Hernández-López J, Crockett S, Kunert O, Hammer E, Schuehly W, Bauer R, Crailsheim K, Riessberger-Gallé U. In vitro growth inhibition by Hypericum extracts and isolated pure compounds of Paenibacillus larvae, a lethal disease affecting honeybees worldwide. Chem Biodivers 2015; 11:695-708. [PMID: 24827680 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro inhibitory potential of 50 extracts from various species of the flowering plant genus Hypericum was investigated using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test against Paenibacillus larvae, a spore-forming, Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that causes American foulbrood (AFB), a lethal disease affecting honeybee brood worldwide. Of the tested extracts, 14 were identified as highly active against P. larvae as compared to the activity of the positive control, indicating the presence of highly potent antibacterial compounds in the extracts. Examination of these extracts using TLC and HPLC/MS analyses revealed the presence of acylphloroglucinol and filicinic-acid derivatives. Six pure compounds isolated from these extracts, viz., hyperforin (1), uliginosin B (2), uliginosin A (3), 7-epiclusianone (4), albaspidin AA (5), and drummondin E (6), displayed strong antibacterial activity against the vegetative form of P. larvae (MIC ranging from 0.168-220 μM). Incubation of P. larvae spores with the lipophilic extract of Hypericum perforatum and its main acylphloroglucinol constituent 1 led to the observation of significantly fewer colony forming units as compared to the negative control, indicating that the acylphloroglucinol scaffold represents an interesting lead structure for the development of new AFB control agents.
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19
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Fletcher MH, Jennings MC, Wuest WM. Draining the moat: disrupting bacterial biofilms with natural products. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Biloa Messi B, Ho R, Meli Lannang A, Cressend D, Perron K, Nkengfack AE, Carrupt PA, Hostettmann K, Cuendet M. Isolation and biological activity of compounds from Garcinia preussii. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:706-711. [PMID: 24824323 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.865241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plants of the genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae) are traditionally used to relieve stomachaches, toothaches, and as a chew stick. OBJECTIVE In order to determine which compounds were responsible for these activities, a phytochemical investigation of the fruits and leaves of Garcinia preussii Engl. was pursued. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plants were extracted by solvents of various polarities. Compounds isolation was then carried out using chromatography methods (medium- and high-pressure liquid chromatography, open column and thin-layer chromatography). The isolated compounds were identified and characterized by using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopies. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH(•), ABTS(•-), ALP, and ORAC assays. The antimicrobial activity was assayed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value. The cytotoxic activity of most of the isolated compounds was evaluated on a small panel of human cancer cell lines (DU145, HeLa, HT-29, and A431) using the XTT method. RESULTS The phytochemical investigation of G. preussii led to the isolation of eight known compounds, six benzophenones and two flavonoids. These compounds were tested for their biological activities. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8 demonstrated a high free radical scavenging activity with ER50 ranging from 0.1 to 0.7. The antimicrobial activity was shown only against Gram-positive bacteria for 1, 4, and 5. A moderate cytotoxic activity with IC50 ranging from 7 to 50 µM was observed, except for 6 which was not active. CONCLUSION These results appear to support some of the properties reported for Garcinia species.
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A systematic review for anti-inflammatory property of clusiaceae family: a preclinical approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:960258. [PMID: 24976853 PMCID: PMC4058220 DOI: 10.1155/2014/960258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Clusiaceae family (sensu lato) is extensively used in ethnomedicine for treating a number of disease conditions which include cancer, inflammation, and infection. The aim of this review is to report the pharmacological potential of plants of Clusiaceae family with the anti-inflammatory activity in animal experiments. Methods. A systematic review about experiments investigating anti-inflammatory activity of Clusiaceae family was carried out by searching bibliographic databases such as Medline, Scopus and Embase. In this update, the search terms were "anti-inflammatory agents," "Clusiaceae," and "animals, laboratory." Results. A total of 255 publications with plants this family were identified. From the initial 255 studies, a total of 21 studies were selected for the final analysis. Studies with genera Allanblackia, Clusia, Garcinia or Rheedia, and Hypericum showed significant anti-inflammatory activity. The findings include a decrease of total leukocytes, a number of neutrophils, total protein concentration, granuloma formation, and paw or ear edema formation. Other interesting findings included decreased of the MPO activity, and inflammatory mediators such as NF- κ B and iNOS expression, PGE2 and Il-1 β levels and a decrease in chronic inflammation. Conclusion. The data reported suggests the anti-inflammatory effect potential of Clusiaceae family in animal experiments.
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Antimicrobial effect of Lippia sidoides and thymol on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm of the bacterium isolated from root canals. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:471580. [PMID: 24683344 PMCID: PMC3932718 DOI: 10.1155/2014/471580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The species Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) is utilized in popular medicine as a local antiseptic on the skin and mucosal tissues. Enterococcus faecalis is the bacterium isolated from root canals of teeth with persistent periapical lesions and has the ability to form biofilm, where it is responsible for the failure of endodontic treatments. Essential oil of L. sidoides (EOLS) and its major component, thymol, were evaluated for reducing the CFU in biofilms of E. faecalis in vitro. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and examined with respect to the chemical composition, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analysis has led to the identification of thymol (84.9%) and p-cymene (5.33%). EOLS and thymol reduced CFU in biofilms of E. faecalis in vitro (time of maturation, 72 h), with an exposure time of 30 and 60 min at concentrations of 2.5 and 10%. There was no statistical difference in effect between EOLS and thymol, demonstrating that this phenolic monoterpene was the possible compound responsible for the antimicrobial activity of EOLS. This study provides a basis for the possible utilization of EOLS as an adjuvant in the treatment of root canals that show colonization by E. faecalis.
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Evaluation of Benzophenone-N-ethyl Morpholine Ethers as Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/941074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are closely associated with the health and welfare of human beings. Whereas some microorganisms are beneficial, others are detrimental. Bacterial infections often produce inflammation and pains and in some instances, infections result in high mortality. Any subtle change in the drug molecule, which may not be detected by chemical methods, can be revealed by a change in the antimicrobial activity and hence microbiological assays are very useful. A series of substituted hydroxy benzophenones and benzophenone-N-ethyl morpholine ethers were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Antibacterial activity againstS. aureus,E. aerogenes,M. luteus,K. pneumonia, andS. typhimurium,S. paratyphi-BandP. vulgarisbacterial strains and antifungal activity againstC. albicans,B. cinerea,M. pachydermatis,C. kruseifungal strains were carried out. The bioassays indicated that most of the synthesized compounds showed potential antibacterial and antifungal agents.
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In vitro antimicrobial activity of plant-derived diterpenes against bovine mastitis bacteria. Molecules 2013; 18:7865-72. [PMID: 23884123 PMCID: PMC6269972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18077865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the antibacterial activity of three diterpenes isolated from natural sources against a panel of microorganisms responsible for bovine mastitis. ent-Copalic acid (CA) was the most active metabolite, with promising MIC values (from 1.56 to 6.25 µg mL−1) against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC and clinical isolate), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae. We conducted time-kill assays of CA against S. aureus, a commensal organism considered to be a ubiquitous etiological agent of bovine mastitis in dairy farms worldwide. In the first 12 h, CA only inhibited the growth of the inoculums (bacteriostatic effect), but its bactericidal effect was clearly noted thereafter (between 12 and 24 h). In conclusion, CA should be considered for the control of several Gram-positive bacteria related to bovine mastitis.
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25
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Antimicrobial effect of sophoraflavanone G isolated from Sophora flavescens against mutans streptococci. Anaerobe 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Aguiar GP, Carvalho CE, Dias HJ, Reis EB, Martins MHG, Wakabayashi KAL, Groppo M, Martins CHG, Cunha WR, Crotti AEM. Antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils against cariogenic bacteria. Nat Prod Res 2012; 27:1668-72. [PMID: 23240584 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.751595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of nine selected essential oils (EOs) against a panel of oral pathogens was investigated in terms of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) by using the broth microdilution method. Most of the EOs displayed weak activity or were inactive against the selected oral pathogens, with MIC values ranging from 500 to 4000 μg/mL. However, the EO obtained from the leaves of Bidens sulphurea (Asteraceae) was found to display moderate activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 250 μg/mL) and significant activity against Streptococcus mitis (MIC = 31.25 μg/mL). Germacrene D (38.3%), trans-caryophyllene (18.0%), β-elemene (13.9%) and bicyclogermacrene (13.1%) were identified as the main chemical components of this oil. 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, previously described as the major constituent in the EO from the flowers of B. sulphurea, was not detected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Aguiar
- a Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca , Franca , SP , Brazil
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Anholeti da Silva MC, Heringer AP, Figueiredo MR, de Paiva SR. SEPARATION OF CLUSIANONE FROM CLUSIA FLUMINENSIS PLANCH. AND TRIANA (CLUSIACEAE) BY HIGH SPEED COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY (HSCCC). J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.631261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Anholeti da Silva
- a Universidade Federal Fluminense, Setor de Botânica/Pós graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para a Saúde , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil
| | - Alan Patrick Heringer
- b Far-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil
| | - Maria Raquel Figueiredo
- b Far-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil
| | - Selma Ribeiro de Paiva
- a Universidade Federal Fluminense, Setor de Botânica/Pós graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para a Saúde , Rio de Janeiro , Brasil
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Influences of Dryopteris crassirhizoma extract on the viability, growth and virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans. Molecules 2012; 17:9231-44. [PMID: 22858843 PMCID: PMC6268259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17089231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dryopteris crassirhizoma is traditionally used as an herbal remedy for various diseases, and has been identified in a previous study as a potential anti-caries agent. In this study, the effect of a methanol extract of D. crassirhizoma on the viability, growth and virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans, a cariogenic dental pathogen, was investigated. In addition, the phytochemical composition of the extract was analyzed. The extract showed bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against oral bacteria (MIC and MBC of S. mutans: 62.5 and 250 μg/mL, respectively). At two times the MBC, the extract significantly eliminated S. mutans up to 99.9% after 1 h incubation. The extract also dose-dependently reduced growth rates of S. mutans at sub-MIC levels. Furthermore, at sub-MIC levels, virulence properties (acid production, acid tolerance, glucosyltransferase activity and sucrose-dependent adherence) of S. mutans were also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of mono and disaccharides (44.9%), fatty acids (12.3%) and sugar alcohols (6.8%) in the extract. These data indicate that the extract might be useful for the control of dental caries.
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Gontijo VS, de Souza TC, Rosa IA, Soares MG, da Silva MA, Vilegas W, Viegas C, dos Santos MH. Isolation and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of phenolic constituents of the Garcinia brasiliensis epicarp. Food Chem 2012; 132:1230-1235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Santa-Cecília FV, Santos GB, Fuzissaki CN, Derogis PB, Freitas LA, Gontijo VS, Stringheta PC, Nagem TJ, Brigagão MR, Santos MHD. 7-Epiclusianone, the Natural Prenylated Benzophenone, Inhibits Superoxide Anions in the Neutrophil Respiratory Burst. J Med Food 2012; 15:200-5. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia V. Santa-Cecília
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gérsika B. Santos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina N. Fuzissaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Priscilla B.M.C. Derogis
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lissara A.S. Freitas
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S. Gontijo
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. Stringheta
- Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tanus J. Nagem
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maísa R.P.L. Brigagão
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo H. dos Santos
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Řezanka T, Čejková A, Masák J. Natural Products: Strategic Tools for Modulation of Biofilm Formation. BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59530-0.00010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Antimicrobial evaluation of diterpenes from Copaifera langsdorffii oleoresin against periodontal anaerobic bacteria. Molecules 2011; 16:9611-9. [PMID: 22101836 PMCID: PMC6264602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of four labdane-type diterpenes isolated from the oleoresin of Copaifera langsdorffii as well as of two commercially available diterpenes (sclareol and manool) was investigated against a representative panel of microorganisms responsible for periodontitis. Among all the evaluated compounds, (−)-copalic acid (CA) was the most active, displaying a very promising MIC value (3.1 µg mL−1; 10.2 µM) against the key pathogen (Porphyromonas gingivalis) involved in this infectious disease. Moreover, CA did not exhibit cytotoxicity when tested in human fibroblasts. Time-kill curve assays performed with CA against P. gingivalis revealed that this compound only inhibited the growth of the inoculums in the first 12 h (bacteriostatic effect). However, its bactericidal effect was clearly noted thereafter (between 12 and 24 h). It was also possible to verify an additive effect when CA and chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (CHD, positive control) were associated at their MBC values. The time curve profile resulting from this combination showed that this association needed only six hours for the bactericidal effect to be noted. In summary, CA has shown to be an important metabolite for the control of periodontal diseases. Moreover, the use of standardized extracts based on copaiba oleoresin with high CA contents can be an important strategy in the development of novel oral care products.
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Santa-Cecília FV, Freitas LA, Vilela FC, Veloso CDC, da Rocha CQ, Moreira ME, Dias DF, Giusti-Paiva A, dos Santos MH. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of 7-epiclusianone, a prenylated benzophenone from Garcinia brasiliensis. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:280-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Penduka D, Okoh AI. In vitro anti-listerial activities of crude n-hexane and aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola (heckel) seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:6952-65. [PMID: 22072929 PMCID: PMC3211020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12106952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the anti-Listerial activities of crude n-hexane and aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola seeds against a panel of 42 Listeria isolates previously isolated from wastewater effluents in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and belonging to Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria grayi and Listeria ivanovii species. The n-hexane fraction was active against 45% of the test bacteria with zones of inhibition ranging between 8-17 mm, while the aqueous fraction was active against 29% with zones of inhibition ranging between 8-11 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were within the ranges of 0.079-0.625 mg/mL for the n-hexane extract and 10 to >10 mg/mL for the aqueous extract. The rate of kill experiment carried out for the n-hexane extract only, revealed complete elimination of the initial bacterial population for L. grayi (LAL 15) at 3× and 4× MIC after 90 and 60 min; L. monocytogenes (LAL 8) at 3× and 4× MIC after 60 and 15 min; L. ivanovii (LEL 18) at 3× and 4× MIC after 120 and 15 min; L. ivanovii (LEL 30) at 2, 3 and 4× MIC values after 105, 90 and 15 min exposure time respectively. The rate of kill activities were time- and concentration-dependant and the extract proved to be bactericidal as it achieved a more than 3log(10) decrease in viable cell counts after 2 h exposure time for all of the four test organisms at 3× and 4× MIC values. The results therefore show the potential presence of anti-Listerial compounds in Garcinia kola seeds that can be exploited in effective anti-Listerial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dambudzo Penduka
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; E-Mail:
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa; E-Mail:
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The total synthesis of hyperpapuanone, hyperibone L, epi-clusianone and oblongifolin A. Nat Chem 2011; 3:938-42. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Sakunphueak A, Panichayupakaranant P. Comparison of antimicrobial activities of naphthoquinones from Impatiens balsamina. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:1119-24. [PMID: 21895457 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.551297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lawsone (1), lawsone methyl ether (2), and methylene-3,3'-bilawsone (3) are the main naphthoquinones in the leaf extracts of Impatiens balsamina L. (Balsaminaceae). Antimicrobial activities of these three naphthoquinones against dermatophyte fungi, yeast, aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic and anaerobic bacteria were evaluated by determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal or fungicidal concentrations (MBCs or MFCs) using a modified agar dilution method. Compound 2 showed the highest antimicrobial activity. It showed antifungal activity against dermatophyte fungi and Candida albicans with the MICs and MFCs in the ranges of 3.9-23.4 and 7.8-23.4 µg mL(-1), respectively, and also had some antibacterial activity against aerobic, facultative anaerobic and anaerobic bacteria with MICs in the range of 23.4-93.8, 31.2-62.5 and 125 µg mL(-1), respectively. Compound 1 showed only moderate antimicrobial activity against dermatophytes (MICs and MFCs in the ranges of 62.5-250 and 125-250 µg mL(-1), respectively), but had low potency against aerobic bacteria, and was not active against C. albicans and facultative anaerobic bacteria. In contrast, 3 showed significant antimicrobial activity only against Staphylococus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis (MIC and MBC of 46.9 and 93.8 µg mL(-1), respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Athip Sakunphueak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University , Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
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Santos JAA, Fidalgo-Neto AA, Faria RX, Simões A, Calheiros AS, Bérenger AL, Faria-Neto HCC, Figueiredo MR, Frutuoso VSL, Alves LA. Effect of Rheedia longifolia leaf extract and fractions on the P2X₇ receptor in vitro: novel antagonists? J Med Food 2011; 14:920-9. [PMID: 21554119 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the P2X(7) receptor has been reported to be associated with chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Because Rheedia longifolia extract has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, we evaluated the in vitro inhibitory potential of methanol extract and fractions from its leaves on the P2X(7) purinergic receptor. The activity of P2X(7) was studied with a dye uptake assay and with the whole-cell patch clamp technique in mouse peritoneal macrophages treated with methanol extract of R. longifolia leaves and fractions. The dye uptake was evaluated by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The R. longifolia extract and some fractions showed an inhibitory effect on the P2X(7) purinergic receptor in a dose-dependent manner. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most potent inhibitory effects. The methanol extract and the butanol fraction showed the same inhibitory effects, despite their lower potency compared with the other fractions. The R. longifolia extract and some of its fractions may be anti-inflammatory because of their inhibitory effect on the P2X(7) receptor. Further investigation is needed to determine the pattern of inhibition and selectivity. Chromatographic analysis indicated the presence of bisflavonoids in the methanol extract fractions. A member of this chemical family is the most probable active compound responsible for the P2X(7) inhibitory effects present in the R. Longifolia extract and fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A A Santos
- Laboratory Evaluation and Promotion of Environmental Health, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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38
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Nguyen PTM, Marquis RE. Antimicrobial actions of α-mangostin against oral streptococci. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:217-25. [PMID: 21358763 DOI: 10.1139/w10-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of dental caries is making it more of a major world health problem. Caries is the direct result of acid production by cariogenic oral bacteria, especially Streptococcus mutans. New and better antimicrobial agents active against cariogenic bacteria are badly needed, especially natural agents derived directly from plants. We have evaluated the inhibitory actions of α-mangostin, a xanthone purified from ethanolic extracts of the tropical plant Garcinia mangostana L., by repeated silica gel chromatography. α-Mangostin was found to be a potent inhibitor of acid production by S. mutans UA159, active against membrane enzymes, including the F(H+)-ATPase and the phosphoenolpyruvate - sugar phosphotransferase system. α-Mangostin also inhibited the glycolytic enzymes aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactic dehydrogenase. Glycolysis by intact cells in suspensions or biofilms was inhibited by α-mangostin at concentrations of 12 and 120 µmol·L⁻¹, respectively, in a pH-dependent manner, with greater potency at lower pH values. Other targets for inhibition by α-mangostin included (i) malolactic fermentation, involved in alkali production from malate, and (ii) NADH oxidase, the major respiratory enzyme for S. mutans. The overall conclusion is that α-mangostin is a multitarget inhibitor of mutans streptococci and may be useful as an anticaries agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T M Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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39
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Souza AB, Martins CHG, Souza MGM, Furtado NAJC, Heleno VCG, de Sousa JPB, Rocha EMP, Bastos JK, Cunha WR, Veneziani RCS, Ambrósio SR. Antimicrobial activity of terpenoids from Copaifera langsdorffii
Desf. against cariogenic bacteria. Phytother Res 2011; 25:215-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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A new xanthone from the bark extract of Rheedia acuminata and antiplasmodial activity of its major compounds. Molecules 2010; 15:7106-14. [PMID: 20948498 PMCID: PMC6259415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate bark extract of Rheedia acuminata led to the isolation of the new compound 1,5,6-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-7-geranyl-xanthone (1), together with four known compounds 2-5. These compounds were tested in vitro for their antiplasmodial activity on a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (FcB1) and for their cytotoxicity against the human diploid embryonic lung cell line MRC-5.
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Murata RM, Branco-de-Almeida LS, Franco EM, Yatsuda R, dos Santos MH, de Alencar SM, Koo H, Rosalen PL. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm accumulation and development of dental caries in vivo by 7-epiclusianone and fluoride. BIOFOULING 2010; 26:865-872. [PMID: 20938851 PMCID: PMC3047413 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2010.527435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
7-Epiclusianone (7-epi), a novel naturally occurring compound isolated from Rheedia brasiliensis, effectively inhibits the synthesis of exopolymers and biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans. In the present study, the ability of 7-epi, alone or in combination with fluoride (F), to disrupt biofilm development and pathogenicity of S. mutans in vivo was examined using a rodent model of dental caries. Treatment (twice-daily, 60s exposure) with 7-epi, alone or in combination with 125 ppm F, resulted in biofilms with less biomass and fewer insoluble glucans than did those treated with vehicle-control, and they also displayed significant cariostatic effects in vivo (p < 0.05). The combination 7-epi + 125 ppm F was as effective as 250 ppm F (positive-control) in reducing the development of both smooth- and sulcal-caries. No histopathological alterations were observed in the animals after the experimental period. The data show that 7-epiclusianone is a novel and effective antibiofilm/anticaries agent, which may enhance the cariostatic properties of fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro M. Murata
- Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eliane M. Franco
- Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Regiane Yatsuda
- Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Severino M. de Alencar
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, State University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hyun Koo
- Center for Oral Biology, Eastman Department of Dentistry, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
- Natural Product Research Group in Oral Biology (NatPROB)
| | - Pedro L. Rosalen
- Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Natural Product Research Group in Oral Biology (NatPROB)
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Pereira IO, Marques MJ, Pavan ALR, Codonho BS, Barbiéri CL, Beijo LA, Doriguetto AC, D'Martin EC, dos Santos MH. Leishmanicidal activity of benzophenones and extracts from Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. fruits. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:339-345. [PMID: 19762221 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Infections by protozoans of the genus Leishmania are the major worldwide health problem, with high endemicity in developing countries. The drugs of choice for the treatment of leishmaniasis are the pentavalent antimonials, which exert renal and cardiac toxicity. Thus, there is a strong need for safer and more effective treatments against leishmaniasis. The present study was designated to evaluate, by a bioguided assay, the leishmanicidal activity of extracts (hexane, ethyl-acetate and ethanolic) and molecules both obtained by means of extraction from pericarps of Garcinia brasiliensis fruits. The hexane extract presented the best activity on the extracellular (promastigotes) and intracellular (amastigotes) forms of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis, when compared to the other extracts. Based on these findings, this extract was fractionated by silica gel column chromatography, affording nine fractions then resulting in three purified prenylated benzophenones - 7-epi-clusianone (1), garciniaphenone (2) and guttiferone-a (3). They showed significant activity on Leishmania (L.) amazonensis, and little toxicity for mammalian cells. Structure-activity relationships were evaluated showing that the IC(50) value displayed is dependent of prenyl groups and phenolic hydroxyls number, and inversely proportional to the hydrophobicity. Our results are promising, showing that these compounds are biologically active on Leishmania (L.) amazonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I O Pereira
- Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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Saleem M, Nazir M, Ali MS, Hussain H, Lee YS, Riaz N, Jabbar A. Antimicrobial natural products: an update on future antibiotic drug candidates. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 27:238-54. [PMID: 20111803 DOI: 10.1039/b916096e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, it has become clear that antimicrobial drugs are losing their effectiveness due to the evolution of pathogen resistance. There is therefore a continuing need to search for new antibiotics, especially as new drugs only rarely reach the market. Natural products are both fundamental sources of new chemical diversity and integral components of today's pharmaceutical compendium, and the aim of this review is to explore and highlight the diverse natural products that have potential to lead to more effective and less toxic antimicrobial drugs. Although more than 300 natural metabolites with antimicrobial activity have been reported in the period 2000-2008, this review will describe only those with potentially useful antimicrobial activity, viz. with MICs in the range 0.02-10 microg mL(-1). A total of 145 compounds from 13 structural classes are discussed, and over 100 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63000 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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