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Li W, Wan P, Qiao J, Liu Y, Peng Q, Zhang Z, Shu X, Xia Y, Sun B. Current and further outlook on the protective potential of Antrodia camphorata against neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1372110. [PMID: 38694913 PMCID: PMC11061445 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1372110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Prevalent neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke are increasingly becoming a global burden as society ages. It is well-known that degeneration and loss of neurons are the fundamental underlying processes, but there are still no effective therapies for these neurological diseases. In recent years, plenty of studies have focused on the pharmacology and feasibility of natural products as new strategies for the development of drugs that target neurological disorders. Antrodia camphorata has become one of the most promising candidates, and the crude extracts and some active metabolites of it have been reported to play various pharmacological activities to alleviate neurological symptoms at cellular and molecular levels. This review highlights the current evidence of Antrodia camphorata against neurological disorders, including safety evaluation, metabolism, blood-brain barrier penetration, neuroprotective activities, and the potential on regulating the gut-microbiome-brain axis. Furthermore, potential strategies to resolve problematic issues identified in previous studies are also discussed. We aim to provide an overview for the ongoing development and utilization of Antrodia camphorata in cerebral neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yiyuan Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Binlian Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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2
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Kefir peptides promote osteogenic differentiation to enhance bone fracture healing in rats. Life Sci 2022; 310:121090. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Achudhan D, Liu SC, Lin YY, Huang CC, Tsai CH, Ko CY, Chiang IP, Kuo YH, Tang CH. Antcin K Inhibits TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 Expression in Synovial Fibroblasts and Ameliorates Cartilage Degradation: Implications for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:790925. [PMID: 34975889 PMCID: PMC8714747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts from Taiwan’s traditional medicinal mushroom, Antrodia cinnamomea, exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in cellular and preclinical studies. However, this paper is the first to report that Antcin K, a triterpenoid isolated from A. cinnamomea, inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production in human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), which are major players in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease. In our analysis of the mechanism of action, Antcin K inhibited the expression of three cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin 1 beta [IL-1β] and IL-8) in human RASFs; cytokines that are crucial to RA synovial inflammation. Notably, incubation of RASFs with Antcin K reduced the phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling cascades, all of which promote cytokine production in RA. Intraperitoneal injections of Antcin K (10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) attenuated paw swelling, cartilage degradation and bone erosion, and decreased serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice; in further experiments, IL-6 levels were similarly reduced. The inhibitory effects of Antcin K upon TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 expression in human RASFs was achieved through the downregulation of the FAK, PI3K, AKT and NF-κB signaling cascades. Our data support clinical investigations using Antcin K in RA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Achudhan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yen-You Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ping Chiang
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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Kuang Y, Li B, Wang Z, Qiao X, Ye M. Terpenoids from the medicinal mushroom Antrodia camphorata: chemistry and medicinal potential. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:83-102. [PMID: 32720965 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to February 2020Antrodia camphorata is a medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan for the treatment of intoxication, liver injury, cancer, and inflammation. Owing to its rare occurrence and potent pharmacological activities, efforts have been devoted to identify its bioactive constituents, especially terpenoids. Since 1995, a total of 162 terpenoids including triterpenoids, meroterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, and steroids have been characterized. The ergostane-type triterpenoids (antcins) and meroterpenoids (antroquinonols) are characteristic constituents of A. camphorata. The terpenoids show anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective activities. This review summarizes the research progress on terpenoids in A. camphorata during 1995-2020, including structural diversity, resources, biosynthesis, pharmacological activities, metabolism, and toxicity. The medicinal potential of the terpenoids is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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5
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Yan T, Zeng Q, Wang L, Wang N, Cao H, Xu X, Chen X. Harnessing the Power of Optical Microscopic and Macroscopic Imaging for Natural Products as Cancer Therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1438. [PMID: 31849680 PMCID: PMC6892944 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are an important source for new drug discovery over the past decades, which have been demonstrated to be effectively used in cancer prevention, treatment, and adjuvant therapy. Many methods, such as the genomic and metabolomic approaches, immunochemistry, mass spectrometry, and chromatography, have been used to study the effects of NPs on cancer as well as themselves. Because of the advantages in specificity, sensitivity, high throughput, and cost-effectiveness, optical imaging (OI) approaches, including optical microscopic imaging and macroscopic imaging techniques have also been applied in the studies of NPs. Optical microscopic imaging can observe NPs as cancer therapeutics at the cellular level and analyze its cytotoxicity and mechanism of action. Optical macroscopic imaging observes the distribution, metabolic pathway, and target lesions of NPs in vivo, and evaluates NPs as cancer therapeutics at the whole-body level in small living animals. This review focuses on the recent advances in NPs as cancer therapeutics, with particular emphasis on the powerful use of optical microscopic and macroscopic imaging techniques, including the studies of observation of ingestion by cells, anticancer mechanism, and in vivo delivery. Finally, we prospect the wider application and future potential of OI approaches in NPs as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education and School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education and School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education and School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Honghao Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education and School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education and School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xueli Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education and School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
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Chen HL, Hung KF, Yen CC, Laio CH, Wang JL, Lan YW, Chong KY, Fan HC, Chen CM. Kefir peptides alleviate particulate matter <4 μm (PM 4.0)-induced pulmonary inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway using luciferase transgenic mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11529. [PMID: 31395940 PMCID: PMC6687726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kefir peptides, generated by kefir grain fermentation of milk proteins, showed positive antioxidant effects, lowered blood pressure and modulated the immune response. In this study, kefir peptide was evaluated regarding their anti-inflammatory effects on particulate matter <4 μm (PM4.0)-induced lung inflammation in NF-κB-luciferase+/+ transgenic mice. The lungs of mice under 20 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg PM4.0 treatments, both increased significantly the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines; increased the protein expression levels of p-NF-κB, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4 and α-SMA. Thus, we choose the 10 mg/kg of PM4.0 for animal trials; the mice were assigned to four treatment groups, including control group (saline treatment), PM4.0 + Mock group (only PM4.0 administration), PM4.0 + KL group (PM4.0 + 150 mg/kg low-dose kefir peptide) and PM4.0 + KH group (PM4.0 + 500 mg/kg high-dose kefir peptide). Data showed that treatment with both doses of kefir peptides decreased the PM4.0-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and the expression of the inflammatory mediators IL-lβ, IL-4 and TNF-α in lung tissue by inactivating NF-κB signaling. The oral administrations of kefir peptides decrease the PM4.0-induced lung inflammation process through the inhibition of NF-κB pathway in transgenic luciferase mice, proposing a new clinical application to particulate matter air pollution-induced pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, 515, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Fei Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Huei Laio
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Long Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Wei Lan
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Hueng-Chuen Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Medical Research, Tung's Taichung Metro-harbor Hospital, Wuchi, Taichung, 435, Taiwan. .,Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, 356, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan. .,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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Xia Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Zhou X, Wang Z, Wang G, Xiong Z, Ai L. Enhancement of antroquinonol production during batch fermentation using pH control coupled with an oxygen vector. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:449-456. [PMID: 29900550 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antroquinonol, a ubiquinone derivative that shows anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, is produced during solid-state fermentation of Antrodia camphorata; however, it cannot be biosynthesized via conventional submerged fermentation. RESULTS A method for enhancing the biosynthesis of antroquinonol by controlling pH and adding an oxygen vector in a 7 L bioreactor was studied. In shake-flask experiments, a maximum antroquinonol production of 31.39 ± 0.78 mg L-1 was obtained by fermentation with adding 0.2 g L-1 coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0 ), at the 96th hour. Following kinetic analysis of the fermentation process, pH control strategies were investigated. A maximum antroquinonol production of 86.47 ± 3.65 mg L-1 was achieved when the pH was maintained at 5.0, which exhibited an increase of 348.03% higher than the batch without pH regulation (19.30 ± 0.88 mg L-1 ). The conversion rate of CoQ0 improved from 1.51% to 20.20%. Further research revealed that the addition of n-tetradecane could increase the production of antroquinonol to 115.62 ± 4.87 mg L-1 by increasing the dissolved oxygen in the fermentation broth. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that pH played an important role in antroquinonol synthesis in the presence of the effective precursor CoQ0 . It was a very effective strategy to increase the yield of antroquinonol by controlling pH and adding oxygen vector. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Xia
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaochu Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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8
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Wang YT, Liu HC, Chen HC, Lee YC, Tsai TC, Chen HL, Fan HC, Chen CM. Oral immunotherapy with the ingestion of house dust mite extract in a murine model of allergic asthma. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2018; 14:43. [PMID: 30356799 PMCID: PMC6190578 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) has the potential to modify allergic diseases, and it is also considered a potential therapy for allergic asthma. House dust mite (HDM) allergens, a common source of airborne allergen in human diseases, have been developed as an immunotherapy for patients with allergic asthma via the subcutaneous and sublingual routes. Oral immunotherapy with repeated allergen ingestion is emerging as another potential modality of ASIT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the oral ingestion of HDM extracts in a murine model of allergic asthma. Methods BABL/c mice were sensitized twice by intraperitoneal injection of HDM extracts and Al(OH)3 on day 1 and day 8. Then, the mice received challenge to induce airway inflammation by intratracheal instillation of HDM extracts on days 29–31. The treatment group received immunotherapy with oral HDM extracts ingestion before the challenge. All the mice were sacrificed on day 32 for bronchoalveolar inflammatory cytokines, mediastinal lymph node T cells, lung histology, and serum HDM-specific immunoglobulins analyses. Results Upon HDM sensitization and following challenge, a robust Th2 cell response and eosinophilic airway inflammation were observed in mice of the positive control group. The mice treated with HDM extracts ingestion had decreased eosinophilic airway inflammation, suppressed HDM-specific Th2 cell responses in the mediastinal lymph nodes, and attenuated serum HDM-specific IgE levels. Conclusions Oral immunotherapy with HDM extracts ingestion was demonstrated to have a partial therapeutic effect in the murine model of allergic asthma. This study may serve as the basis for the further development of oral immunotherapy with HDM extracts in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tung Wang
- 1Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,2School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Chung Liu
- 2School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,3Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,4Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Chen
- 5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ching Lee
- 4Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Tung-Chou Tsai
- 4Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa, Taiwan
| | - Hueng-Chuen Fan
- 7Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, No. 699, Sec. 8, Taiwan Blvd., Wuchi, Taichung, 435 Taiwan.,8Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, No. 699, Sec. 8, Taiwan Blvd., Wuchi, Taichung, 435 Taiwan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- 4Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan.,10The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,11Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kao ST, Kuo YH, Wang SD, Hong HJ, Lin LJ. Analogous corticosteroids, 9A and EK100, derived from solid-state-cultured mycelium of Antrodia camphorata inhibit proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages. Cytokine 2018; 108:136-144. [PMID: 29605763 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata mycelium is used in traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan. The wild-type mycelium is rare and expensive, so a solid-state-cultured mycelium of A. camphorata (SCMAC) has been developed. Previous studies have found SCMAC to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, the immunomodulatory effects of SCMAC and of its active phytosterol compounds EK100 and 9A on asthma remain unknown. In this study, BALB/c mice were repeatedly exposed to Dermatogoides pteronyssinus (Der p) at 1-week intervals and were orally administered crude SCMAC extract before the Der p challenge. The mice were sacrificed 72 h after the last challenge to examine the airway remodeling, inflammation, and expression profiles of cytokines and various genes. Then, 30-µg/mL Der p-stimulated MH-S cells with 9A or EK100 were collected for real-time PCR analysis, and the effects of 9A and EK100 on macrophages were evaluated. The crude extract reduced Der p-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, total serum immunoglobulin E levels, and recruitment of inflammatory cells to the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid through cytokine downregulation and Th1/Th2/Th17 response modulation. Additionally, 9A and EK100 inhibited IL-1β and IL-6 expression in alveolar macrophages. These results indicate that the pharmacologically active compounds in a crude SCMAC extract exert synergistic effects on multiple targets to relieve asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shung-Te Kao
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Shulhn-Der Wang
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Hong-Jye Hong
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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10
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Lai CW, Chen HL, Yen CC, Wang JL, Yang SH, Chen CM. Using Dual Fluorescence Reporting Genes to Establish an In Vivo Imaging Model of Orthotopic Lung Adenocarcinoma in Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 18:849-859. [PMID: 27197534 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung adenocarcinoma is characterized by a poor prognosis and high mortality worldwide. In this study, we purposed to use the live imaging techniques and a reporter gene that generates highly penetrative near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence to establish a preclinical animal model that allows in vivo monitoring of lung cancer development and provides a non-invasive tool for the research on lung cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic efficacy. PROCEDURES A human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549), which stably expressed the dual fluorescence reporting gene (pCAG-iRFP-2A-Venus), was used to generate subcutaneous or orthotopic lung cancer in nude mice. Cancer development was evaluated by live imaging via the NIR fluorescent signals from iRFP, and the signals were verified ex vivo by the green fluorescence of Venus from the gross lung. The tumor-bearing mice received miR-16 nucleic acid therapy by intranasal administration to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy in this live imaging system. RESULTS For the subcutaneous xenografts, the detection of iRFP fluorescent signals revealed delicate changes occurring during tumor growth that are not distinguishable by conventional methods of tumor measurement. For the orthotopic xenografts, the positive correlation between the in vivo iRFP signal from mice chests and the ex vivo green fluorescent signal from gross lung tumors and the results of the suppressed tumorigenesis by miR-16 treatment indicated that lung tumor size can be accurately quantified by the emission of NIR fluorescence. In addition, orthotopic lung tumor localization can be accurately visualized using iRFP fluorescence tomography in vivo, thus revealing the trafficking of lung tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS We introduced a novel dual fluorescence lung cancer model that provides a non-invasive option for preclinical research via the use of NIR fluorescence in live imaging of lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Lai
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, 515, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Long Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsun Yang
- Department of Physiology, and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Rong-Hsing Translational Medicine Center, iEGG Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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11
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Chang YY, Liu YC, Kuo YH, Lin YL, Wu YHS, Chen JW, Chen YC. Effects of antrosterol from Antrodia camphorata submerged whole broth on lipid homeostasis, antioxidation, alcohol clearance, and anti-inflammation in livers of chronic-alcohol fed mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 202:200-207. [PMID: 28274894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Antrodia camphorata is a functional fungus in Taiwan and owns several pharmacological functions. Antrosterol, a bioactive constitute of sterols in edible Antrodia camphorata submerged whole broth, can protect liver from CCl4 damage via enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotection of antrosterol (named as EK100) against alcohol consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Lieber-DeCarli regular EtOH diet (EtOH liquid diet, 5% (v/v) alcohol) was applied to induce alcoholic liver damage. Mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: (1) Control: control liquid diet; (2) EtOH: EtOH liquid diet; (3) EK100_1X: EtOH liquid diet and 1mg EK100 (Antrosterol)/Kg body weight (bw); (4) EK100_5X: EtOH liquid diet and 5mg EK100/Kg bw; (5) EK100_10X: EtOH liquid diet and 10mg EK100/Kg bw. At the end of experiment, the livers were collected for histo-pathological analyses, RNA and protein extraction, and enzymatic activities. RESULTS Antrosterol reduced serum/liver lipids of alcohol-diet fed mice which highly related to upregulated fatty acid β-oxidation and downregulated lipogenesis, and increased fecal lipid/bile-acid outputs. Antrosterol enhanced hepatic antioxidant capabilities in alcohol-diet fed mice while it also lowered serum alcohol level, as well as increased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and catalase (CAT) activities and decreased CYP2E1 protein expression in livers of alcohol-diet fed mice. Besides, antrosterol lowered hepatic inflammation and fibrosis related gene expressions, as well as serum AST/ALT values and TNF-α/IL-1β contents in alcohol-diet fed mice. CONCLUSION Based on the results, hepatoprotection of antrosterol is mostly attributed to its regulations of lipid homeostasis, antioxidant capability, alcohol metabolism, and anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yen Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Clinical Laboratory, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chen Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsieng Samuel Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Jr-Wei Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Poultry Industry Section, Department of Animal Industry, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Tsai TC, Tung YT, Kuo YH, Liao JW, Tsai HC, Chong KY, Chen HL, Chen CM. Anti-inflammatory effects of Antrodia camphorata, a herbal medicine, in a mouse skin ischemia model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 159:113-121. [PMID: 25449461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVIDENCE Antrodia camphorata, a highly valued polypore mushroom native only to Taiwan, has been traditionally used as a medicine for anti-inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, anti-inflammatory effects of Antrodia camphorata (AC) and its active compound, ergostatrien-3β-ol (ST1), were investigated in a mouse skin ischemia model induced by skin flap surgery on the dorsal skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS A U-shaped flap was elevated on the dorsal skin of the nine-week-old male mice. Mice were randomly assigned to six groups for treatment (n=6) including normal skin/propylene glycol (PG), surgical skin flap/PG, solid-state-cultured AC (S/AC), wood-cultured AC (W/AC), high-dose ST1 (H-ST1), low-dose ST1 (L-ST1). Antrodia camphorata was dissolved in 25μL PG and smeared on the skin flap every six hours for 24h. At the end of the experiment, each mouse was anesthetized, and skin tissues were collected from their back for histopathological analysis, extracting RNA and protein according to our previous reports. RESULTS Skin-flap-induced ischemia damage significantly increased the expression of the iNOS, COX2, and IL-6 proteins and decreased the expression of IκB protein. In addition, focal, moderate coagulative necrosis with inflammatory cell infiltration was found in the epidermis, and moderate inflammatory cells and necrosis with slight edema was noted in the sub-dermis at 24h after skin flap surgery. However, treatment with solid-state-cultured or wood-cultured AC, or with its derived ST1 active compound, significantly reduced the necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in both the epidermis and sub-dermis of the skin flap. The treatments also reduced the inflammatory response by decreasing the expression of inflammation-related genes including iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB, as shown by changes in RNA and protein expression, when compared with the surgical skin flap procedure alone. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that methanolic extracts of wood-cultured fruiting bodies and solid-state-cultured mycelia from Antrodia camphorata have excellent anti-inflammatory activities and thus have great potential as an addition for hydrocolloid dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Chou Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Tsai
- Department of Sugery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 403, Taiwan
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Rong-Hsing Translational Medicine Center, and the iEGG center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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